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Students' Attitude Towards E-Learning

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Juni Khyat ISSN: 2278-4632
(UGC Care Group I Listed Journal) Vol-12 Issue-03 No.02 March 2022
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS E-LEARNING

Dr. Balbir Singh, Assistant Professor (Commerce), Govt. College Bassa (Gohar), Mandi, Himachal
Pradesh, [email protected],
Dr. Virender Kaushal, V.P.O. - Panarsa, Teh. - Aut, Distt. - Mandi, Himachal Pradesh,
[email protected],
Ms. Sunita Devi, V.P.O. - Panarsa, Teh. - Aut, Distt. - Mandi, Himachal Pradesh,
[email protected],
Abstract
During the pandemic, electronic learning has become a common method of carrying out the
teaching-learning process. E-learning is the process of obtaining knowledge and skills via the use of
technology instruments such as computers and internet-based course materials via online platforms
such as Google Meet, Zoom Meeting, and other similar platforms. The study is focused on students'
attitudes toward e-learning. The study is quantitative in nature. The purpose of the study to examines
the undergraduate students’ opinions’ towards e-leaning in Himachal Pradesh. In this regards,
Kolmogorov- Smirnov test applied for check data normality, Croanbach’s Alpha test used to check
reliability of scale and descriptive statistics have been applied to analyze the collected data. The
primary data was collected by Google form (online) which consisted of seventeen questions related
to different dimensions of e-learning. It has been found that there is positive attitude of students’ of
Music and Yoga towards e-learning.
Keywords: E-Leaning, Education, Opinion, Undergraduate Students, Music and Yoga Students

Introduction: -The outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic in late December, 2019 has caused disaster
throughout the world and like other sectors, education has been affected drastically. The students all
over the world have been deeply affected by this pandemic. All the educational institutions such as
schools, colleges and universities closed down due to spread of corona virus. The education affected
negatively and it becomes difficult for the educators to impart information related to their subject
among their students. The situation becomes worst when lockdown and other restrictions have been
imposed by the governments of concerned countries. The education systems has impacted a lot and
especially in India the effect on education sector were drastic as compare to other countries of world.
However, the e-learning mode of education provides some positive sign and strength to the students
but they faced various obstacles in accepting this mode of teaching. The classroom mode of teaching
has its own significance and it provides enormous benefits to the learners at a place. The present
survey has been undertaken to reveal the opinions of the undergraduate students towards e-learning.

Literature Review: - This section of the research study deals with the review of previous studies
already has done by various researchers. These are as under: -
Gaikwad and Randhir (2016) in their research paper, “E-Learning in India: Wheel of Change”
found that in underdeveloped and developing countries, e-learning raises the level of education,
literacy and economic development. The e-learning plays an important role in educational
development as a wheel of growth in education sector. The researchers further observed that if India
and Malaysia act as joint venture together workout on this issue for development, it will be beneficial
for education sector. Lone (2017) in the research article, “Impact of Online Education in India”
revealed that human experience of online education is about to change. The technology is touching
every aspect of society and changing it dramatically. The concept of online education is one of the
most important and indispensable part of the society that has also been tapped by new innovations
and discoveries. The researcher further suggested that it is an effective tool for development of
educational sector in India. Ja’ashan (2020) in the research article, “The Challenges and Prospects
of using E-Learning and EFL Students in Bisha University” revealed that there are no significant
differences between EFL students (males and females) of e-learning activities. The students aware of
the benefits of using e-learning and the e-learning system can adapt to the aims of improving

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Juni Khyat ISSN: 2278-4632
(UGC Care Group I Listed Journal) Vol-12 Issue-03 No.02 March 2022
communication and enriching students’ learning experiences. Joshi and Dewangan (2021) in their
paper, “Impact and Development of Online Education (E-Learning) in India” found that different
sectors of economy have changed including the education sector. The education system in India
changed from Guru-Sishya Parampara to class room teaching, then teaching with the help of
projectors/LED and currently its online class teaching through E-Learning portals or Web Based E-
Learning. The e-learning system has emerged as a powerful contender for new-education system. In
spite of diversity in culture, language and population e-learning system has gained huge popularity in
affordability and purchasing power of Indians. The basic cause for the growth in e-learning system is
drastic change and innovations in information technology.
Research Gap: - There is several studies are conducted on e-learning and online study in India some
of them are implemented in the education sectors but there no study on the music and yoga students’
opinions’ towards e-learning of undergraduate students in Himachal Pradesh during the COVID-19
pandemic. It is required to study the impact of pandemic on higher education and opinions’ of the
music and yoga students’ of Himachal Pradesh towards e-learning. Therefore, this research work was
conducted on “Students’ Opinions’ Towards E-Leaning” of undergraduate students in Himachal
Pradesh during the COVID-19.

Research Methodology
Statement of the Problem: - The present research focuses on the survey of opinions of
undergraduate students from music and yoga field regarding e-learning in the scenario of covid-19
pandemic. The problem is entitled as, “Students’ Attitude towards E-Learning”.
Delimitation of the Study: - The study focused on undergraduate students’ opinion towards e-
leaning especially music and yoga students in Himachal Pradesh. It is delimited to students studying
music and yoga as their core subjects in whom main focus is drawn on under graduate students of
Himachal Pradesh. The study has not considered students of school, professional and technical
education.
Objective of the Study: -
 To examine the students’ attitude towards e-leaning in higher education.
Hypothesis of the Study: -
Ho: - There is no significant difference between students attitude towards e-learning in higher
education.
H1:- There is significant difference between students attitude towards e-learning in higher education.
Methodology used in Study
Source of Data: The study based on primary source of data. The field survey was done during the
“E-Workshop on Research Methodology: A Basic Approach, from 27 Jan. to 09 Feb. 2022 held at
department of Music (Instrumental) Govt. Utkrisht college Dhaliara, Kangra in the association with
Pratibha Spandan (Charitable) Society, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh). The data was collected from
undergraduate students of higher education of Himachal Pradesh. The primary data was collected by
Google form (online) which consisted of five questions related to different dimensions of e-learning.
The Likert scale was used in the study which was ranked from 1 to 5 with 1 representing “Strongly
Disagree”, 2 for “Disagree” 3 shows “Neutral” 4 for “Agree” and 5 being “Strongly Agree”.
Data Normality: After collection of data it has been applied Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, Descriptive
statistics skewness & kurtosis z value test (Range between -1.96 to +1.96), graphical methods such
as histogram, p-p plots used to check the data normality but it has found that data is not normally
distributed we can say data have no normality. Thus, the sample not fulfill the necessary conditions
or assumptions for conducting parametric test such as t-test, f-test, ANOVA etc. therefore, Chi-
square test of goodness of fitness was carried out to test the hypothesis which is most communally
used non parametric test.
Tool: In the study descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis have
been applies for analyze the data.

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Juni Khyat ISSN: 2278-4632
(UGC Care Group I Listed Journal) Vol-12 Issue-03 No.02 March 2022
Chi-square test: Chi-square test is a test of goodness of fitness, has been used to analyze the
magnitude of difference in the opinions of respondents, between observed distribution and expected
distribution under the assumption that opinion is equally distributed on five point likert scale. This
test has been applied to study whether significant differences exist in the distribution of opinion of
the respondents for the different statements concerning with students’ opinions’ towards E-learning.
The chi-square value has been computed in the following manner: -

Where, 2 = is symbol for Chi-square

O: - refers to the observed frequencies.
E: - refers to the expected frequencies.
Sampling Techniques: - For the purpose of present survey a sample of 400 students have been
selected. Convenience and Purposive sampling technique have been adopted to draw sample for the
purpose of study. The empirical results of the study are based on the primary data collected through a
sample survey of 400 respondents from students of higher education in Himachal Pradesh.
Convenience and Purposive sampling technique have been adopted to draw sample for the purpose
of study.

Analysis and Interpretation of Data: -

Table 1 presented that background information of the respondents in which majority of respondents
are female i.e. 61.8 percent and 38.3 percent are male. 94.5 percent respondents have electronic
gadgets whereas 5.5 percent respondents say no. The table shows that 76.6 percent respondents have
mobile phone which is followed by desktop computer (12%), other (6.7%) and laptop (4.6%)
respectively. 52.8 percent respondents have internet access at home, 40.3 percent respondents say
limited and 7 percent say there is no internet access at home. Reasons of limited internet access at
home due to weak signal (38.7%), higher tariff chargers (23.3%) and 38% percent respondents have
both reasons.
Table 1: Demographic Profile of Respondents
Dimension Frequency Valid Cumulative
Percentage Percentage
Gender Female 247 61.8 61.8
Male 153 38.3 100
Total 400 100 -------
Electronic Gadgets Yes 378 94.5 94.5
No 22 5.5 100
Total 400 100 ------
Types of Electronic Mobile Phone 301 76.6 76.6
Gadgets Laptop 18 4.6 81.2
Desktop 48 12 93.2
Computer
Others 27 6.7 100
Total 400 100 ------
Internet Access at Yes 211 52.8 52.8
Home No 28 7 59.8
Limited 161 40.3 100
Total 400 ------
Reason or cause of Very Costly 70 23.3 23.3
limited Internet Due to weak 116 38.7 62
Access at your Home signal
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Juni Khyat ISSN: 2278-4632
(UGC Care Group I Listed Journal) Vol-12 Issue-03 No.02 March 2022
Both 114 38 100
Total 300 ------
Source: Data Collected through Questionnaire.
Reliability Test: - Table-2 shows the result of reliability statistics. The calculated value of
Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.920, which is higher than the value recommended implies that the scale is
reliable.
Table 2: Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha No. of Items
.920 17
Attitude of Respondents towards E- Learning: This section deals with opinion of Music and Yoga
students’ towards e-learning in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Statement 1: I am familiar at using the electronic devices such as computer/laptop/mobile
phone etc.:
The table 3 depicts that the highest 53.3 % of the total respondents’ opinion are agree which is
followed by 42.5 percent of the total respondents who are strongly agree and only 0.5 percent are
strongly disagree with the above statement. The calculated mean score is 4.37 which is higher than
the average standard score at five point likert scale. It reveals that responses lies towards agree to
strongly agree and it also indicates that of the majority of the respondents are familiar to using
electronic devices. The standard deviation shows that .631 variations from the mean score. The
calculated value of skewness is -1.137; the negative value of skewness reveals that the majority of
the respondents are shifted in the higher side of the standard score at five point likert scale. The value
of kurtosis is 3.785 which explain that the distribution is leptokurtic or the value of kurtosis is more
than beta value. It means responses of the respondents are constrared, the calculated value of chi-
square (530.32) is significant at 5% level of significance (p<0.05) which rejects the null hypothesis.
This shows that the opinions of the respondents are not equally distributed over five point likert scale
rather these are on higher side. Thus, it is concluded that the majority of respondents agree that they
are familiar with electronic devices such as computer, laptop and mobile they have to use for
learning through online mode.
Statement 2: There is no difference between E-Learning and Class room learning: -
It is evident that mean score of the response related to there is no difference between E-Learning and
Class room learning is higher than average standard score which shows that responses shifting
towards disagree to agree. The standard deviation shows 1.289 variations from the mean. Negative
value of skewness indicates that majority of respondents’ lies towards higher side of standard score
at five point likert scale. The calculated value of kurtosis is -1.187, which is less than standard value
it means the responses of respondents are not equal distributed at five point likert scale. It is
platykurtic distribution. The calculated value of chi-square (109.57) is significant at 5 % level of
significance which rejected the null hypothesis. It reveals that no difference between E-Learning and
Class room learning.
Statement 3: Discussion is more effective with classmates and other students through online
mode than that of class room learning: -
It is also observed that mean score is higher than the average standard score on the five point likert
scale it means that responses shifting towards disagree to agree. Standard deviation and skewness
shows 1.218 variations towards the higher side from the mean. The lower of value of kurtosis explain
this distribution is platykurtic. The calculated value of chi-square 113.52 is more than the table value
at 5% level of significance. The p-value is also less than 0.05 at 5% level of significance as it is
0.000; therefore it rejects the null hypothesis which concluded that the discussion is more effective
with classmates and other students through online mode than that of class room learning.
Statement 4: My teacher is familiar and knowledgeable in using electronic devices:
The mean value of respondents relating to my teacher is familiar and knowledgeable in using
electronic devices is more than the average standard score. The calculated value of skewness is
negative which indicates that the distributions of response are lying towards higher side. The value of

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 Juni Khyat ISSN: 2278-4632
(UGC Care Group I Listed Journal) Vol-12 Issue-03 No.02 March 2022
kurtosis is less than beta value. It means responses of the respondents are scattered, so the
distribution of responses is platykurtic. The calculated value of chi-square is significant at 5 % level
of significance. It leads to reject the null hypothesis. It shows that teacher is familiar and
knowledgeable in using electronic devices.
Statement 5: I am satisfied with the services provided by my teacher through online learning:
The above table shows the opinion of the various respondents regarding services provided by teacher
during the online classes. The mean score 4, which shows that respondents of are satisfied from
services provided by teacher during the online classes. The negative values of skewness indicated
that contribution of their opinion toward higher side on five point likert scale. The value of mean
variation, skewness and kurtosis are .809, -1.024 and 1.799 respectively, which concludes that the
opinion of respondents regarding services provided by teacher during the online classes lies
agree(56.8 percent) to strongly agree(24.8 percent). The negative value of kurtosis reveals that the
distribution is platykurtic. The calculated value of chi-square at 5 percent level of significance is
405.25 which there is significant difference in the opinion of the respondents regarding services
provided by teacher during the online classes.
Table 3: Attitude of Respondents towards E- Learning
Statements Opinion of Respondents Mean SD Sk Kt Chi-sq p-
SA A N D SD value
I am familiar at using the electronic devices 170 213 12 3 2 - .000
4.37 .631 3.785
such as computer/laptop/mobile phone etc. (42.5) (53.3) (3) (0.8) (0.5) 1.137 530.32
There is no difference between E-Learning 49 157 46 92 56 - .000
3.13 1.289 -.289
and Class room learning. (12.3) (39.3) (11.5) (23) (14.6) 1.187 109.57
Discussion is more effective with classmates 65 159 58 84 34 113.52 .000
and other students through online mode than (16.3) (39.8) (14.5) (21) (8.5) 3.34 1.218 -.420 -.922
that of class room learning.
My teacher is familiar and knowledgeable in 113 229 38 15 5 - 436.30 .000
4.08 .797 2.378
using electronic devices. (28.3) (57.3) (9.5) (9.5) (1.3) 1.178
I am satisfied with the services provided by 99 227 53 16 5 - 405.25 .000
4.00 .809 1.799
my teacher through online learning (24.8) (56.8) (13.3) (4) (1.3) 1.024
Source: Data Collected through Questionnaire.
Note: SA – Strongly Agree, A- Agree, N-Neutral, D-Disagree, SD-Strongly Disagree, S.D.-Standard
Deviation, Sk-Skewness, Kt- Kurtosis.

Discussion and Conclusions of the Study: The study was conducted as a part of “E-Workshop on
Research Methodology: A Basic Approach, from 27 Jan. to 09 Feb. 2022 held at department of
Music (Instrumental) Govt. Utkrisht college Dhaliara, Kangra in the association with Pratibha
Spandan Shimla (H.P). The data was collected by using Google form (online) from the students of
higher education of Himachal Pradesh. The purpose of survey to knows the students’ opinions’
towards e-learning in Himachal Pradesh. The survey concluded that the majority of respondents are
female i.e. 61.8 percent and 38.3 percent are male. 94.5 percent respondents have electronic gadgets
whereas 5.5 percent respondents say no. The table shows that 76.6 percent respondents have mobile
phone which is followed by desktop computer (12%), other (6.7%) and laptop (4.6%) respectively.
52.8 percent respondents have internet access at home, 40.3 percent respondents say limited and 7
percent say there is no internet access at home. Reasons of limited internet access at home due to
weak signal (38.7%), higher tariff chargers (23.3%) and 38% percent respondents have both reasons.
Conclusions:-Thus, it has been concluded that students are familiar with electronic devices such as
computer, laptop and mobile they have to use for learning through online mode. There is no
difference between E-Learning and Class room learning. The discussion is more effective with
classmates and other students through online mode than that of class room learning. The teacher is
familiar and knowledgeable in using electronic devices. Lastly, the students are satisfied with the
services provided by their teachers while teaching through online mode.
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Juni Khyat ISSN: 2278-4632
(UGC Care Group I Listed Journal) Vol-12 Issue-03 No.02 March 2022
Social Implications of Study: -The present survey helps to understand the opinions of
undergraduate students especially from the field of music and yoga towards e-learning. It findings of
the survey helps the society, administrations and policy makers to cope with the problems faced by
music and yoga students to learn practical aspects of their core subjects during the covid-19
pandemic. As practical aspect is more in these subjects and through online platform, it is very
difficult for the educators to teach these subjects effectively and efficiently. The outcomes of the
survey provide opinions of the students by taking into consideration these the authority may frame
the appropriate strategies to cope with the problems faced by these students.

Limitations of the Study: -

 This study was focused on undergraduate students of higher education in Himachal Pradesh
only.
 Data was collected through Google form (Online mode) there was no face to face interaction
with respondents.

Further Scope for Study: -

This study is focused on undergraduate students’ opinions’ towards e-leaning in higher education of
Himachal Pradesh. There is necessity to find the factors which affect e-leaning in Himachal Pradesh.
It is also required to study the impact of COVID-19 on professionals, technical and school education.

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Acknowledgements: -
We are extremely privileged in expressing our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Keshav Sharma,
Resource Person, “E-Workshop on Research Methodology: A Basic Approach” organised by Govt.
Utkrisht College, Dhaliara, Kangra and Pratibha Spandan (Charitable) Society, Shimla from 27-01-
2022 to 09-02-2022. We owe our special thanks to Organising committee and management
committee of the research methodology workshop, who provides us opportunity to collect the
primary data and persuade to write a research paper on the same.

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