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Strength of Materials

Rahul Pandey Sir

(M. Tech. IIT Delhi)

9711511268
[email protected]
 In tro duc ien Anu Mat evil Rrspertis

ElHe Region

Perjec EJas ic

A Siong

Toni-Qoial state stres is net alyd neccesiay

but eVen in cas unui-aoil Stote Stress, ti-ou al Stote

stroln wil PA>Ppoional din

C'A: Centhoidel bis
Assumpiors SoM-eguationy
Gl Material
hontgenos and stfopi c
( Materiad
i component pigmaic Che x-Sic al d s througitout samc)
(io stali Joonding
Sey weigt is glected.
(vi Mem bers a ncler staic (ondiOYy.
Sam elasic puepeyties t any peind
Tsotropic Sane elas4c prpertiy in
Homo mec nat t be
gAven point
vìce- Vera

o Anisotropie-wnen elastie pupertiy ane dirm dipendent'

load jther în re o ve

onpletey Reversad Fatig ue ALernating tig

Locl load Lood
Taoising Couple e Arny thecouple ohtch when ats
membey.
.
abo ut p.f
 Sendng oupde- Any coup which acs Ja jo xs) or in

tVe) unidered about

be Huo

of- VcA (when en dong in Hg Plan) and

(whn
(-ve)

TratTy

(3) Load acing a X-S/c he

loads ethar
ageanie Sum cautrepondin!
RiHs hot -s)c

A.L Sign Convension +ve when

adthg auy from tha
-8
-S/c and ve whem acng teusands K-S/c.
PRere onial Aoookig
Satied

ci) Baut Should be prismatic SLe S= PL

AE
D Ba should be unoler PraL. A Shold saty

ci iy Car showd be made Same moteral

convenj on +Ve whn SF on erther

side x-s/c Cases couple n Cw dirn and vice-v¢re

S-f te
)G-M and it's sign conVeion BM at

on RH-S ve vice verha:

Netral Suace
NA

8=+ M
Gending Equation
M

R
M

Ima

onvenion - Right and

TM: i3' sign
Thunb

Loofd Ac w. prom Ris. Look3 C. w.

From RHS

Pure ToYion d Tosiom Equoion

Umax G9 Ro for holloc

From H
Lengh

Shea Amgle c ) = Shan sbrain() changs along oadis

Ge
 ma TR GRO

GI

aPoit

( Ex Giong ) y-uer lLateral State o shrain

-utstun >Tuti-onu a
Cz =
at a point

streys at apoinkt

Unit stres
onm
Pa, MPa y GPa,K f/

Shress FOS
e3 May Stres ind s Permisible

Pey-srei.

filure Stres
FOs Pemiible stress

stres develo ped an eblique plane

>P,,s PGinG

,Ts= gI sin 20
 |A)3 Pinupo Plane Toti-a al state y strens

lomplarnentany Rlons
D)Angle G/u p.P. & Lmoe plane = 45°
Tn untoxiad

29 not be zer but ot

be

hg + Gget6 z+oy
SQuane Motiy.
3 Sres TensoY -t

3 Strain Tensor
Pace

Z-Face

Strans

Ve

Lo

dy-do
do do

Rect blocK v= S
A b

d
 ) ylindical Rwsure Vesel -
SD

Ev= ehnoep
D) sphovicad Body -

t) spheni cal Pnere Vesel

év= 3 Ehoe

3) Shean Strain ( ) - = +lcw di)

3 Relaion ship B/w Elasic Constants (Ec)

for cohch k0-5
Al

e 3K (-210)

Uzos SV=o Perfect Platie motero

3K+G

2 3

39 FoY Metos -
K oi67E
Ex ession fov v under Ti-axil Cond +

Buts ocs
K² Under hy chrostat c stes condn fre

Foy Uni acial

Bo in Series -

(SLhoat

Pan allel
P= R+a+Bt---+n

Bay Fx ed at Both emas

I+ is indeteminote

SM -o
Ecta Condisio

under A-C
Elongaion %a tapperad
bar

4p for same ellects in PB)

ol=

dloger
Ldsmallef
 AF: Axial

P-8. Undty sely weight

wWeight dnaiby
QAE

qoial ood R P:o. undir sel weigw

Sa w
AE aAE 2E

S oa independent maternal

Elongaton Conjcal Bar due to sey weight

mo
 Volu me

Modulus Resilience (MR

Vol

Modaday toyghmess CM) -

MT aghmes Totl aNea
Volume

Strain 6ne
Pl
a ba unoley

SE a toan Uncer

a shat undr pure tofaion Ue

(S5

under PA
Bpesbor nder
wegt 6E

O Tapered Bery undy

onical tba under sey weight U=w oE

G SE da p. undiv Pre Bendiy

(5) SE a aat Column)

ez d

4 a pram shaft ndey pure torpion

Sald Crular Shayt

2
-(Vol)

©SE. Hollo uYwlan Shayt

U= TL

block under a Sf: (P)

6E Rect
Rect
P

26

6) Bans In Pargilel

[shaytBan]
AEtA2 E
General,

AE te PL
Su
 arg ap
in Permistcd A: E th
en
in weshrited Comptely
Rickapaal
Bapanjon cted Rastri Pantally (0
oy one in
Oiong
- Eth
bon Dinn ndp:
CTenle T EEn
(Compr) aT
dTAE R
Rs=-R =R, RA
enpanibn
in Resieted
Compltey
dn ene
) themal free or twhn
dTdCLt)
ted (in Stres
stress
t presont may Shroun 3T &v
omy
di'yn
enporui
ov free vestriced
Y No-n
Paniey 64)
ompltely
or Yyicted
be
should Daym Thernal 2)
tem a be
$hould (o
ponent com a
Stresd thermal stress
+ Meh: develep
ao Stres Total
inompr
Stress Thurmo
Tensiu
in
AEe +AE Eoq
r and
-ving BangPonalld pae toEqyuvalant
pG
Sare 62
 Theymal Btress
6tres in tapered ban

TE dangr
damalt

Ornin

by
(60) TheYmal shres ond when ExParion id stestricted

Rs dTEA
Lt Kioat
Kspr
() Jh= aTE
1t Kha
Kspr
dTEA
KeungtKn
6hurmal Stress in Compound ban [t-e SerieT

Sammaion Senm afton

Thermal D" A

Fohermal stress in Compo sjte Bans Cie Prtael>

Sum Aoui al ieren ce bube cancellad

Thermal Dn
A
A
 SF D & BM D
A

X X

4
ALD
A

a Suppad
A )
Hught B-MD- Moment ean at
SPD
any suppart.
n presonce y Vertiele eods cny.
BMD w l be L er ugher thanSD
Tn paesenle o est Ver Liu loocy
(B) S-f: at ony slepe eD

Fx-x= dMus
dy
when Ss-B iA
ony mom ent

) ver ticle Teatane equol a opposihe

6) Mgn' Vß Net Momant cn 4he Baon
ngth Gcom
cysFD is a rectemgle wi th heighs
Mathd
 A
-
3MD

B-MD se
w

e Br
A

EI

(BMe-wa
se

Dereang 1
Prabala 2

de

2
CS-wztuz

6L
6
 SFD
(SFm
A
1
BMD
sign charges
s
S.F. ureYe be to not hec m
m
B-M mnornen
t) Cnc-
presence Tn
oain withforcbaja
(Uvv)Decreasuy Decreasey
eosey(uvL)nreases Ther
ithPouraboJa
Viaton Lincen Orat (VDL) tors
enaHon sfD slepe
iSFnteniby' doad (9) SED
mane Onoley one be
 THIN PRE SSU RE VESSEL

-P PD
Longihudinal stre

L5= Longitudin al joins

Tn Plane Tmo

PD

Ut

PP (2-u)
4tE

pv

4t

utE
 CHAPT ER-4
DEFLECTTON OF %EAMS

YsYma
Elosic Curve
At Axcd Suppart
DlecHion cove
At pree Ed

Symmetrically Loadecl SsB.’

G centre

At mid span, Y=Yna & =0 te otc SElasti crve

+At SS: endy Yz0, 9Omaa
opposite in dir.
A Sts ends , Sloped ae egual t

Unsymm Loaded Ss-B.

span.
mae the Jtegion b/w applteod Load d Hid
the
at Suppat ohich
appied load
SLope ot Suppads umike
 SF. BM Slope of Elartic
M Cu Yve CEC)

Zevo Stroight Lne

Zero Coyt const CiYculanL Arc
Non zero Vaniable Vanley
tontinuouy fanabala

Double - Ttalion Metthod

Ris Podius o uvatuYe dt
Mex - (ETs)
d EIvy Flkural Rigidity

ch

) sign Convenion
) Gm (M) )Sgingtve 6) Hogg ing ’-ve
e
Ve

(it) Slope (e) -a) EAc tre (B) w’ve

(8) Deflection one ander mae than slspe.

Yoo
-2

Steps be rltten ,

be
Subaited

Mx D
 Tn Presence e Con tk Mom ents (M)
D Cmor l . ML 1) Tomax: ML?

pesence Conc point loods (W)

EINA

Tn case sthi but ed hoods vetical Cu)

For UDLywz W
)Ema = ) Ymax =
ETwA EINA Forby w

Ormor

Siffness Beam (K) k= W

Conc- Point Loac Ymo
Ka EINA

Tipe Geqm Omo Ymoc

CEr Cont)
ML ML2
2
M2
EL

3" 2 3 3 EL

(6 48 l6 Er

192
5 EI
t3
8E
 Type Barn Omor Ymo
(Er- coyt)

24 384

wLY
30
3o

3O4 30u E

3ETNA L

49 Canilevey Beam wappedl at cenre

Parobala
S+ine
48

Mouoels Reciooal theanem

De"asgc

Parabola St ine
Dr WB We
 Moment Area Method
Mohr's theanemn -+

e D slope ct any 2 ste

a beam is egual to anea

diog

Methhool
(B) uc hons at any 2-yc 8aa beam

anea bluw those 2A-s/c

Momt

One x-S/c -or poirt shold be a zero lope x-s/c or pol nt.

be meared from non-ero Slape yc

X Catro'd ’ Should
Actual mthod- is my ohn point zero Slope i4 unknoon.

Gup b/o
Area

-Y6-Ya = L A
EIvA
corcen pois loool
MA & WA are
CASTI GLANdS THEOREM b

A L(bd), =l.b

A=)bd, b
2(n42
 S; Ss S b (9 bjy)

AorSo Tndeali bi.lity

SHel- Dev:= Vees-Eeng
 CHAPTER-5
BENDING STRESS SHEAG STRESSES TN GEAMS
NA.
Y- Diatanee a i'be from
M

For

t-2
Flange
(TT
Ye

MYmax EYmonn

M
Moment o Reistonce
For Saje ondn wrt strength crierion

MSMe
 bengg
OMar A

MoT
Bending
Stress
buion
Distri
&
Stress n PMOT
7(>a 7 D+t) Et o
Mz
Table
+Et D tlatBelt n M
Notebo
ok

Dnier
 Beams Uujorm strengZa M
"
Conyt.
Meeping pth

Eba
Fbo3

(0 Keeping Widh os

Shear SresS in bemy PA Y

Pz s.f. on -sc TNA b
Az Area e hatthed Paution (whi'ch is abave ov belo w the fene)
Y= Distan ce e centrci d hatched poon freom N.A. e the x-s)c
AY- rat mome nt anea hatched poten abet NA.
ente X-s/c bt beam about t

b width the x-sc whre

I-Secion A At
when
A

whon AS conidered on bu
bf
bw
bw
on Rect K-SJC
Greneraliged . Eun for s-s develo ped

bd
 19 For Cmae doaion,

)
(19) Ss. Variation Cante

()

3
S$ Tmax

bw
b
D
Lmat
Covg
PoTo Zp& ds for
paT a Ze tor all
SS

29 Pure Taion lo for holloue

T Px6eg| N-mm

22)
L R
Tansional Siffness (Kt) K =I=
oment of Resistan ce
of Resistan ce Tarque TR) per= Sis- (Mstr
Stt (mpe
16
16
9 Power tranamission3 Capacity (oTc.) + PTC )h
(PTiC) Sam tp
on Matevi
 Tansional Ss. DisribuHon-.

Tmat as uaclius in derevt

tmin
Tnin
üruula
pT G. for Sod'd and hollowa Shat
Material, Dia, Lomgth ane Sam

do
Ps Ts

BMaterì al, lenqt rpm, & Area ane sane:

Ps it Area is Sok)
PH

So,
A Pu

For a Given dia t

As L
AH ZeH
) For a given x-ge a r a - e e

I+K2
|6T Gondiiona
Shat sheuwd be cirula &pnismatc
Under Torsi orn
32TL 32TL 1 Same materiol.

Shalt in Series
Angle teuiat ane umulaive,
Ort t e3t----t On
and Like n nature )
Tanjue
T=T2 T3- ---- Tn=T
shat M Panoul
 S Tanion a tapered Snot Noti e
16T 16T
3
Tmin
dsmallyl
) eotal 32TL f ditd +did

Te L
TAztL
23

3 Unifomny DA
Dibtributed

Torgue
Unifomyy vanying Load

To=

6 (6 tl
2L
Locaicon

Porce on A hatehed x C hen t

 Plary sare Let
s Byuo[Angle Cet
s&(on=0, Equate
I B6
s Pane ShZero plore
t nang Plane Tn
2
rea) for Crle Mohr's (Aaciuy +()t =
2o) Casin2ot
s y (T)(Is)xeeal=l 2 Tr=oe plane Tn
2
plane tmee Stress Nemal
2Te - 2d= tan
lace in euseed Sir
-B Tna Absote Tnge In-plone Plane, TsMax
Shes for Cinle Mobd's ’
Dia rg=-v+ 4
28
ton
5
(Oi-vý)
found. eGo+
9) 2Tey 29tan
TaSin26+ Lo-y1 Tsz-
cos29
STRESSES AND PLANES PRCNOI
PAL
 9Bincipal shain o Mar Shuan Stnins -
Ex
[=

cos20 +Ya sin 20

2

Localion
Ruinipol plone
tnze=Y : 2Tey

for shran

alncipal lancs
Relaijon ship B/o Prinpal Stresy and For ei-aial,

in teym efor Bi-aniol

(-u)
ana tany crs
stoodn Rose ttes rongement ef 3 shain gaugs in3
to meare nomot shaunsy eneß= EA
6,uli90/o-gd y Ec
) Rectongula stran losetts d4si0
60 o, 6ß, (2d
2) Delta Strain Ro setts

e =Tncingtien the oeliqut plane

 THEORLES OF FAILUR E
DMox Rine Stress heany E Ronkines Theoy]CMPsTJ
2) Max Shea Stre
3) Mas Raini ped straln theaay cst Venont's "heony CmesHTJ
5) Mox DistorJion cnergy hey C Mae she an strais atayJLVorttu)
4 Henck5][MDeg
Cendi tien for falunu

ad a cJcal poiv
some Lohen Defunit vol" uplace d
Au atemont ac

2
Val' sENol- -24

a)ors tg-o|
+G-f
=(
D6/yet -6E
TT: -
To obtan any enevgy at y o. unmceY
Subttute,, Tir Syt l s=g=0 in
2

Cond for sae deign s per MDET rad' Ta Sys

2
i-s)+S-)
2

2
Cono'" for sae deuign o pey TsT
Stt (Uzo3)

be St 001S Syt

Tn ydrostatice case

MSST MoET n not Sulteble

TSET
(3 when Tongue and Momoment io apeled

16

32
Jar
(3) whn nemal sress n ony endn is appliedSys Raio
Syt
1

0-5

MDET+
-O:62ot uo3

MPT L D77

OPe = TETmin n.E Tnin n-l

Le L2

LezoLJ
2

Rotio (S) S= e' Ejeve nqth alumn

Rodis Gyroion
BucKling Stresd =APe.ETnio-"e
S2