Question 1.

A steam power plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle between the pressure
limits of 3MPa and 50 kPa. The temperature of the steam at the turbine inlet is 300℃, and the
mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 35 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with
respect to saturation lines and determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle and (b) the net
power output of the powerplant.
 kJ kJ
Point 3: T =300 ℃ P=3.0 MPa h3 =2994.3 s3 =6.5 4 12 . K
kg kg
ṁ=35 kg /s
kJ kJ 3
Point 1: x=0 P=50 kPa h1=340.54 s 1=1.0912 v 1=0.001030 m /kg
kg kgK
Point 4: P=50 kPa s 4=s3
s 4−s f 6.5412−1.0912
x4= = =.8382
s fg 6.5019
h 4=h f + x hfg =340.54 +.8382× 2304.7=¿
3
m kJ
Point 2: v 1=v 2=0.001030 s2=s1 =1.0912
kg kgK
kJ
h2 =h1 + ẇ p=( 340.54+ 3.0385 ) =343.5785 kJ /kg
kg

w˙ p=v 12 ( P2−P1 ) =0.001030 ( 3000−50 )=3.0385 kJ /kg

q ¿boil =h3−h2=2994.3−343.5785=2650.722q out cond=h4 −h1=2271.84−340.54=1931.3

w net =q¿ −q out =2650.722−1931.3=719.422

( )
q out 1931.3
a) 1− =1− =0.2714
q¿ 2650.722
b) ẇ net =w net × ṁ=719.422 ×35=25179.77 kW =25 MW
 2.Refrigerant-134a is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Rankine cycle which operates
the boiler at 2000 kPa and the condenser at 24℃. The mixture at the exit of the turbine has a
quality of 93 percent. Determine the turbine inlet temperature, and the cycle thermal efficiency.

Point P (kPa) T (deg c) V m^3/kg h kJ/kg s State

1 646.18 24 0.0008261 84.98 0.31958 Saturated
2 2000 67.45 0.0008261 86.099 0.31958
3 2000 67.45 272.24 0.87879 Mixture
4 646.18 24 251.16 0.87879 Mixture

w p=v ( P 2−P1 )=0.0008261 × ( 2000−646.18 )=1.1183 kJ /kg

h2 =w p + h1=1.1183+ 84.98=86.099 kJ /kg
h 4=h f + x hfg =84.98+ ( 0.93 ×178.69 )=251.16
s4 =sf + x s fg =0.31958+ ( .93 ×0.60130 )=0.87879
s4 =s3
( s 3−s f ) 0.87879−0.52509
x 3= = =0.9 388188454
s fg 0.37675

h3 =hf + x h fg =151.76+0.94 × 128.33=272.24

q ¿boil =h3−h2=272.24−86.099=186.141
q out cond=h4 −h1=251.16−84.98=166.18

( )
q out 166.18
ηth =1− =1− =0.107
q¿ 186.141
3. A simple ideal Rankine cycle which uses water as the working fluid operates its condenser
at40℃ and its boiler at 300℃. Calculate the work produced by the turbine, the heat supplied in
the boiler, and the thermal efficiency of this cycle when the steam enters the turbine without
any superheating.

Point P (kPa) T (deg c) V m^3/kg h kJ/kg s State

1 7.3851 40 0.001008 167.53 0.5724 Sat Liquid
2 8587.9 176.1792 Comp liquid
3 8587.9 300 0.001404 2749.6 5.7059 Saturated V
4 7.3851 40 1774.97 5.7059

P1 , 4=Psat @ 40 ℃ P2 ,3 =P sat @ 300℃

w p=v ( P 2−P1 )=0.001008 × ( 8587.9−7.3851 )=8.6492 kJ /kg
h2 =w p + h1=8.6492+167.53=176.1792 kJ /kg
( s 4−s f ) 5.7059−0.5724
x4= = =0.6681
s fg 7.6832
h 4=h f + x hfg =167.53+ 0.6681× 2406.0=1774.97
s4 =s3=5.7059
q ¿boil =h3−h2=2749.6−176.1792=2573.42
q out cond=h4 −h1=1774.97−167.53=1607.44

( )
q out 1607.44
ηth =1− =1− =0.375
q¿ 2573.42

4.Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operates on an actual Rankine cycle. Steam
enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500℃ and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa.
The isentropic efficiency of both the turbine and the feed pump is 85%. Show the cycle on a T-s
diagram with respect to saturation lines and determine (a) the quality of the steam at the
turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and (c) the mass flow rate of the steam.

Point P (kPa) T (deg c) V m^3/kg h kJ/kg s State

1 10 0.001010 191.81
2 10000 500 11.87
3 10000 500 3375.1 6.5995
4a 10 2275.60 6.5995

h1=hf @ 10 kPa=191.81
v 1=v f @ 10 kPa=0.001010
w p=v 1 ,2 (P2−P1 )/ηth
10000−10
h2 s=0.001010 × =11.87 kJ /kg
0.85
 ( s 4−s f ) 6.5995−0.6492
x4s = = =0.79
s fg 7.4996
h 4 s=hf + x hfg =191.81+ 0.79× 2392.1=2081.569
h 4 a=h 3−ηth ( h3−h 4 s ) =3375.1−.85 × ( 3375.1−2081.569 )=2275.59865=2275.60 kJ /kg
x=(h ¿ ¿ 4 a−hf )/h fg =(2275.60−191.81)/2392.1=0.87 ¿