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TestNG Interview Questions:

1. What is TestNG?

TestNG is a testing framework designed to simplify a broad range of testing

needs, from unit testing to integration testing.

2. What are the advantages of TestNG?

1. TestNG provides parallel execution of test methods

2. It allows to define dependency of one test method over other method
3. It allows to assign priority to test methods
4. It allows grouping of test methods into test groups
5. It has support for parameterizing test cases using @Parameters
annotation
6. It allows data driven testing using @DataProvider annotation
7. It has different assertions that helps in checking the expected and
actual results
8. Detailed (HTML) reports

3. What are the annotations available in TestNG?

@BeforeTest
@AfterTest
@BeforeClass
@AfterClass
@BeforeMethod
@AfterMethod
@BeforeSuite
@AfterSuite
@BeforeGroups
@AfterGroups
@Test

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4. Can you arrange the below testng.xml tags from parent to child?

1 <test>

2 <suite>

3 <class>

4 <methods>

5 <classes>

The correct order of the TestNG tags are as follows

1 <suite>

2 <test>

3 <classes>

4 <class>

5 <methods>

5. How to create and run testng.xml ?

In TestNG framework, we need to create testng.xml file to create and

handle multiple test classes. We do configure our test run, set test
dependency, include or exclude any test, method, class or package and set
priority etc in the xml file.

6. What is the importance of testng.xml file?

In a Selenium TestNG project, we use testng.xml file to configure the

complete test suite in a single file. Some of the features are as follows.

• testng.xml file allows to include or exclude the execution of test

methods and test groups
• It allows to pass parameters to the test cases
• Allows to add group dependencies
• Allows to add priorities to the test cases
• Allows to configure parallel execution of test cases
• Allows to parameterize the test cases

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7. How to pass parameter through testng.xml file to a test case?

We could define the parameters in the testng.xml file and then reference
those parameters in the source files.

Create a java test class, say, ParameterizedTest.java and add a test

method say parameterizedTest() to the test class. This method takes a
string as input parameter. Add the annotation @Parameters(“browser”) to
this method.

1 // TestNG Interview Questions

2 public class ParameterizedTest {

3 @Test

4 @Parameters("browser")

5 public void parameterizedTest(String browser){

6 if(browser.equals("firefox")){

7 System.out.println("Open Firefox Driver");

8 }else if(browser.equals("chrome")){

9 System.out.println("Open Chrome Driver");

10 }

11 }

12 }

The parameter would be passed a value from testng.xml, which we will see
in the next step.

We could set the parameter using the below syntax in the testng.xml file.

1 <parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>

Here, name attribute represents the parameter name and value represents
the value of that parameter.

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Practical Example

8. What is TestNG Assert and list out common TestNG Assertions?

TestNG Asserts help us to verify the condition of the test in the middle of the
test run. Based on the TestNG Assertions, we will consider a successful test
only if it is completed the test run without throwing any exception.

Some of the common assertions supported by TestNG are

• assertEqual(String actual,String expected)

• assertEqual(String actual,String expected, String message)
• assertEquals(boolean actual,boolean expected)
• assertTrue(condition)
• assertTrue(condition, message)
• assertFalse(condition)
• assertFalse(condition, message)

9. What is Soft Assert in TestNG?

Soft Assert collects errors during @Test. Soft Assert does not throw an
exception when an assert fails and would continue with the next step after
the assert statement.

If there is any exception and you want to throw it then you need to
use assertAll()method as a last statement in the @Test and test suite again
continue with next @Test as it is.

10. What is Hard Assert in TestNG?

Hard Assert throws an AssertException immediately when an assert

statement fails and test suite continues with next @Test

Practical Example

11. What is exception test in TestNG?

TestNG gives an option for tracing the Exception handling of code. You can
verify whether a code throws the expected exception or not. The expected

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exception to validate while running the test case is mentioned using

the expectedExceptionsattribute value along with @Test annotation.

Practical Example

12. How to set test case priority in TestNG?

We use priority attribute to the @Test annotations. In case priority is not set
then the test scripts execute in alphabetical order.

1 // TestNG Interview Questions

2 package TestNG;

3 import org.testng.annotations.*;

4 public class PriorityTestCase{

5 @Test(priority=0)

6 public void testCase1() {

7 system.out.println("Test Case 1");

8 }

9 @Test(priority=1)

10 public void testCase2() {

11 system.out.println("Test Case 2");

12 }

13 }

Output:

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1 Test Case 1

2 Test Case 2

13. What is Parameterized testing in TestNG?

Parameterized tests allow developers to run the same test over and over
again using different values.

There are two ways to set these parameters:

• using testng.xml – Practical Example

• using Data Providers – Practical Example

14. How can we create data driven framework using TestNG?

By using @DataProvider annotation, we can create a Data Driven

Framework.

1 // TestNG Interview Questions

2 @DataProvider(name="getData")

3 public Object[][] getData(){

4 //Object [][] data = new Object [rowCount][colCount];

5 Object [][] data = new Object [2][2];

7 data [0][0] = "FirstUid";

8 data [0][1] = "FirstPWD";

10 data[1][0] = "SecondUid";

11 data[1][1] = "SecondPWD";

12

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13 return data;

14

15 }

15. How to run a group of test cases using TestNG?

TestNG allows you to perform sophisticated groupings of test methods. Not

only can you declare that methods belong to groups, but you can also
specify groups that contain other groups. Then TestNG can be invoked and
asked to include a certain set of groups (or regular expressions) while
excluding another set. This gives you maximum flexibility in how you
partition your tests and doesn’t require you to recompile anything if you
want to run two different sets of tests back to back.

Groups are specified in your testng.xml file and can be found either under
the <test> or <suite> tag. Groups specified in the <suite> tag apply to all
the <test>tags underneath.

1 @Test (groups = { "smokeTest", "functionalTest" })

2 public void loginTest(){

3 System.out.println("Logged in successfully");

4}

16. How to create Group of Groups in TestNG?

Groups can also include other groups. These groups are called MetaGroups.
For example, you might want to define a group all that
includes smokeTest and functionalTest. Let’s modify our testng.xml file as
follows:

1 <groups>

2 <define name="all">

3 <include name="smokeTest"/>

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4 <include name="functionalTest"/>

5 </define>

6 <run>

7 <include name="all" />

8 </run>

9 </groups>

17. How to run test cases in parallel using TestNG?

we can use “parallel” attribute in testng.xml to accomplish parallel test

execution in TestNG

The parallel attribute of suite tag can accept four values:

tests – All the test cases inside <test> tag of testng.xml file will run parallel
classes – All the test cases inside a java class will run parallel
methods – All the methods with @Test annotation will execute parallel
instances – Test cases in same instance will execute parallel but two
methods of two different instances will run in different thread.

1 <suite name="softwaretestingmaterial" parallel="methods">

18. How to exclude a particular test method from a test case

execution?

By adding the exclude tag in the testng.xml

1 <classes>

2 <class name="TestCaseName">

3 <methods>

4 <exclude name="TestMethodNameToExclude"/>

5 </methods>

6 </class>

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7 </classes>

19. How to exclude a particular test group from a test case

execution?

By adding the exclude tag in the testng.xml

1 <groups>

2 <run>

3 <exclude name="TestGroupNameToExclude"/>

4 </run>

5 </groups>

20. How to disable a test case in TestNG ?

To disable the test case we use the parameter enabled = false to the @Test
annotation.

1 @Test(enabled = false)

21. How to skip a @Test method from execution in TestNG?

By using throw new SkipException()

Once SkipException() thrown, remaining part of that test method will not be
executed and control will goes directly to next test method execution.

1 throw new SkipException("Skipping - This is not ready for testing ");

22. How to Ignore a test case in TestNG?

To ignore the test case we use the parameter enabled = false to the @Test
annotation.

1 @Test(enabled = false)

23. How TestNG allows to state dependencies?

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TestNG allows two ways to declare the dependencies.

Using attributes dependsOnMethods in @Test annotations Using attributes
dependsOnGroups in @Test annotations

24. What are the different ways to produce reports for TestNG
results?

TestNG offers two ways to produce a report.

Listeners implement the interface org.testng.ITestListener and are

notified in real time of when a test starts, passes, fails, etc…

Reporters implement the interface org.testng.IReporter and are notified

when all the suites have been run by TestNG. The IReporter instance
receives a list of objects that describe the entire test run.

25. What is the use of @Listener annotation in TestNG?

TestNG listeners are used to configure reports and logging. One of the most
widely used listeners in testNG is ITestListener interface. It has methods
like onTestStart, onTestSuccess, onTestFailure, onTestSkipped etc. We
should implement this interface creating a listener class of our own. Next we
should add the listeners annotation (@Listeners) in the Class which was
created.

Practical Example

26. How to write regular expression In testng.xml file to

search @Test methods containing “smoke” keyword.
Regular expression to find @Test methods containing keyword “smoke” is as
mentioned below.

1 <methods>

2 <include name=".*smoke.*"/>

3 </methods>

27. What is the time unit we specify in test suites and test cases?
We specify the time unit in test suites and test cases is in milliseconds.
28. List out various ways in which TestNG can be invoked?

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TestNG can be invoked in the following ways

• Using Eclipse IDE

• Using ant build tool
• From the command line
• Using IntelliJ’s IDEA

29. How To Run TestNG Using Command Prompt?

Run the TestNG using command prompt

Open command prompt and use the below code

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMaterial

set
1
classpath=C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMateri
2
al\bin;C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMaterial\li
3
b\*
4

5
java org.testng.TestNG

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\STMSeleniumTutorial\workspace\SoftwareTestingMaterial\testng.x

ml

30. What is the use of @Test(invocationCount=x)?

The invocationcount attribute tells how many times TestNG should run a test
method

1 @Test(invocationCount = 10)

2 public void testCase1(){

In this example, the method testCase1 will be invoked ten times

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31. What is the use of @Test(threadPoolSize=x)?

The threadPoolSize attribute tells to form a thread pool to run the test
method through multiple threads.

Note: This attribute is ignored if invocationCount is not specified

@Test(threadPoolSize = 3, <code class="plain">invocationCount = </code><code

1
class="value">10</code>) public void testCase1(){

In this example, the method testCase1 will be invoked from three different
threads

32. What does the test timeout mean in TestNG?

The maximum number of milliseconds a test case should take.

1 @Test(threadPoolSize = 3, invocationCount = 10, timeOut = 10000)

2 public void testCase1(){

In this example, the function testCase1 will be invoked ten times from three
different threads. Additionally, a time-out of ten seconds guarantees that
none of the threads will block on this thread forever.

33. What are @Factory and @DataProvider annotation?

@Factory: A factory will execute all the test methods present inside a test
class using a separate instance of the respective class with different set of
data.

@DataProvider: A test method that uses DataProvider will be executed the

specific methods multiple number of times based on the data provided by
the DataProvider. The test method will be executed using the same instance
of the test class to which the test method belongs.

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