About MIDAS/Civil

Detail analysis of a cable anchor connection

Detail analysis of a tunnel junction with auto-generated mesh and soil springs

3
GETTING STARTED

The MIDAS in-house researchers have developed an efficient CAD modeling

technique, which is a totally new concept. Powerful automatic modeling
functions such as Auto Mesh Generation and Bridge Wizards are introduced.
Once the basic section and bridge information and tendon placement data for the
case of a PSC bridge are provided, the Wizard creates the completed bridge
model as well as the construction stage models. Also, a new Multi-frontal Sparse
Gaussian solver has been added lately, which has accelerated the analysis speed
dramatically.

midas Civil has the following areas of applications:

 Analysis and design of all types of bridges

3-D Reinf. conc., Steel, Composite, Post-tensioned, Suspension &
Cable stayed bridges
 Heat of hydration analysis of Mass concrete
Abutments, Piers, Breakwaters, Subways, Foundations
 Underground structures
Subways, Culverts, Sewage & Water treatment facilities, Tunnel linings
 Plant & Industrial facilities
Power plants, Transmission towers, Pressure vessels, Water tanks
 Public facilities
Airports, Seaports, Train stations, Stadiums, Dams, Ports, Transportation
facilities

4
 About MIDAS/Civil

Acceleration of Bridge by construction stages

Detail analysis of a Transverse tube

5
GETTING STARTED

Detail analysis of a cable anchor Plug-in

T-type bridge pier

6
 About MIDAS/Civil

Cutting Plane of heat of hydration analysis results

7
GETTING STARTED

Installation

System Requirements

midas Civil operates on IBM compatible Personal Computer (PC) in the Windows
environment.

In addition, midas Civil requires the following minimum configuration:

Microsoft Windows 2000 / XP / VISTA / Windows 7

MS Internet Explorer Version 6.0 or later version
Operating System
<Warning> In Windows Vista Operating System, program
compatibility issue occurs in some functionality.

Pentium IV or better performing PC processor

CPU
(Pentium IV 3GHz or greater recommended)

Memory (RAM) 1GB (2GB or greater recommended)

HDD Space 5 GB (30GB or greater recommended)

Video Memory 128 MB or greater

GeForce NVIDIA type video card recommended

Video Card
(On-board video card is not recommended.)

8
 About MIDAS/Civil

Installation Sequence

Installing midas Civil

Follow the steps below to install midas Civil.

1. Insert midas Civil CD into the CD-ROM drive.

2. midas Civil Installation

When the automatic installation does not proceed, select the Run
command in the Start menu of Windows. Once the CD-ROM drive
is assigned, enter the following command:

E:\setup
(Note: this is the case where CD-ROM drive is assigned to the
directory E)

Installation dialog box of midas Civil

9
GETTING STARTED

3. Once the installation program is initiated, the dialog box shown in the
figure above is displayed and the installation of midas Civil begins.
The installation will proceed step-by-step to the subsequent phases
following the displayed information. To proceed to the next step, click
. To return to the previous step, click .

4. midas Civil will be installed only in the system where Internet Explorer
version 6.0 or higher has been installed. Install Internet Explore if not
already installed and install midas Civil.

midas Civil information dialog box

5. When the license agreement dialog box is displayed, read the agreement
carefully. If the terms and conditions are agreeable click , and
the installation will continue.

6. Enter the user’s registration information and click .

7. The directory selection dialog box will appear. Select the folder in which
midas Civil will be installed. midas Civil can be installed in the default
folder by clicking . To change the folder, click and
choose the folder in which to install midas Civil.

8. Once the program folder selection dialog box is displayed, select a

folder name for the registration of midas Civil icons and other related
programs. Click the button and copying the files will begin.

9. Once the copying of the files is complete, the “installation completed”

message dialog box will appear. Click and the installation
process now will be completed. If at this time “Review animations of
Tutorials” is checked and is clicked, then the installation will
be completed and the animation file will be executed immediately.

10
 About MIDAS/Civil

Installing Sentinel/pro Driver

The Sentinel Driver is used to drive the Lock key of Sentinel hardware. To run
midas Civil and the Lock key the driver has to be installed. The Sentinel Driver
is installed automatically during the installation process of midas Civil. For
upgrading or replacing a damaged Lock driver, follow the procedure outlined
below.

To install the Sentinel Driver manually follow these steps.

1. Press the left side Shift key and insert the midas Civil CD in your CD-
ROM drive.

2. Select the Run command in the Start menu. Once the CD-ROM drive is
assigned, enter the following command:

E:\civil_ install\protection drivers\setup

(Note: this is the case where CD-ROM drive is assigned to the
directory E)

To uninstall the Sentinel Driver follow these steps.

1. Press the left side Shift key and insert the midas Civil CD in the CD-
ROM drive.

2. Select the Run command in the Start menu. Once the CD-ROM drive is
assigned, enter the following command:

E:\civil_ install\protection drivers\setup

(Note: this is the case where CD-ROM drive is assigned to the
directory E)

11
GETTING STARTED

Registering the Protection Key

To operate midas Civil properly, register the serial number after connecting the
protection key to the parallel port.

1. Connect the Protection Key to the Parallel Port.

2. Execute midas Civil.

3. Select Register Protection Key in the main menu.

4. Enter the Protection Key ID provided in the Program CD Case in the

Protection Key field.

5. Click .

12
 Before Getting Started

How to Use the On-line Manual

When using midas Civil, pressing F1 key or clicking the Help menu can always
allow us to access the On-line Manual.

Every category of help is connected to related keywords by hyperlink, and all the
detailed explanations and information in connection with the keyword may be
obtained.

A summary of the help contents and an index of the main keywords are arranged
systematically in the On-line Manual of midas Civil. Read it as a reference in
the order presented in the summary. Alternatively, the information regarding the
desired item may be directly obtained using the Search function of the
keywords.

 Symbol in On-line
manual signifies that the
Mouse editor is
supported for the
corresponding data entry
field. The Mouse editor
replaces the keyboard
function for defining
materials, distances, etc.
on the screen.

On-line Manual of midas Civil

13
GETTING STARTED

Recognition of Input/Output Files

The types of files, their purposes and the generation process are as follows:

Data Files

fn.mcb Binary The basic data file of midas Civil

During the initial generation, use >New Project.
When opening an existing file, use >Open Project.

fn.mct Text The basic data file of midas Civil

If necessary, it can be modified using Text Editor.
The user may transform the data generated by midas
Civil into a format suitable for other S/W. The data

file can also be used for MCT Command Shell.
Refer to Tools>MCT
Command Shell in On-line >Export>Civil MCT File creates a file and
Manual. >Import>Civil MCT File recalls the file in the
format used by midas Civil model data.

14
 Before Getting Started

Analysis Output Files

fn.ca1 Binary Data file obtained from a static/dynamic analysis process

File generated automatically by Analysis>Perform
Analysis
fn.ca2 Binary Analysis results generated for each time step from a time
history analysis and a heat of hydration analysis
File generated automatically by Analysis>Perform
Analysis
fn.ca3 Binary File for all the data obtained from a moving load analysis,
influence line/influence surface and support settlement
analyses
File generated automatically by Analysis>Perform
Analysis
fn.ca4 Binary File for all the analysis data generated in the process of a
geometric nonlinear analysis
File generated automatically by Analysis>Perform
Analysis
fn.ca5 Binary File for all the analysis data generated in the process of a
pushover analysis
File generated automatically by Design>Perform Pushover
Analysis
fn.ca6 Binary File for all the analysis data generated in the process of
construction stage analysis
File generated automatically by Analysis>Perform
Analysis
fn.anl Text File containing structural analysis results (reactions,
displacements, element forces, stresses, etc.) which has been
arranged by the user’s preference. This file is useful for
verifying analysis results and preparing calculation sheets.
File generated automatically by Results>Text Output
fn.out Text All kinds of messages or related data produced during a
structural analysis process
File generated automatically by Analysis>Perform
Analysis
fn.cd8 Binary File for all the design data generated in the process of PSC
design
File generated automatically by PSC>Perform Design

15
GETTING STARTED

Graphic Files

fn.color Binary Color data file of midas Civil

Click in Color and Print Color tabs from
the View>Display>Display Option.
fn.emf Binary Graphic data file of the model window in the EMF
(Enhanced Meta File) format
File generated automatically by >Print Meta File
fn.bmp Binary Graphic data file of the model window in the BMP
(Bitmap) format
File generated automatically by >Graphic File
fn.jpg Binary Graphic data file of the model window in the JPEG
format
File generated automatically by > Graphic File
fn.mgf Binary Graphic data file produced by Graphic Editor of
midas Civil
File generated automatically by the Save function of
Tools>Graphic Editor

Refer to “File>Import/
Export/Data Conversion”
of On-line Manual. Data Transfer Files

fn.dxf Text AutoCAD DXF file compatible with data for midas
Civil

fn.s90 Text Data file of SAP90 compatible with data for midas
Civil

fn.s2k Text Data file of SAP2000 compatible with data for midas
Civil

fn.std Text Data file of STAAD compatible with data for midas
Civil

fn.gti Text Data file of GT STRUDL compatible with data for

midas Civil

16
 Before Getting Started

Other Files

fn.bak Binary Back-up data file of midas Civil

Select Make Backup File in Tools>Preferences to
create the file automatically while saving the model
data in progress.
fn.bom Text Weight data file of every element included in the
modeling and bill of material
File generated automatically by Tools>Bill of
Material
fn.sgs Text Seismic data file produced by the seismic acceleration
and response spectrum generation module of midas
Civil
It uses Tools>Seismic Data Generator.
fn.spd Text Response spectrum data file required for a response
spectrum analysis.
File produced by Load>Response Spectrum Analysis
Data>Response Spectrum Functions
fn.thd Text Time History Function data file required for a time
history analysis
File produced by Load>Time History Analysis Data
>Time History Functions
fn.bog Binary File containing the data entered in the Batch Output
Generation dialog box
Among the checking features of analysis results of
the Results menu, the button of the
Batch Output Generation dialog box generates the
file, which can be accessed by the
button.

17
GETTING STARTED

Organization of Windows and Menu System

The Menu System of midas Civil permits an easy access to all the functions
related to the entire process of input, output and analysis and minimizes the
mouse movement.

The Works tab of Tree Menu systemizes the entire design process, which allows
us to review the status of input at a glance while the Drag & Drop type of
modeling capability allows us to readily modify the data during the modeling
process.

The organization of the working windows of midas Civil and the Menu system
are as follows:

Organization of the working windows and the Menu system of midas Civil

18
 Before Getting Started

Main Menu

When running CIVIL for The commands and shortcut keys for all the functions necessary to run midas
the first time, the use of Civil are built-in.
Main Menu is
recommended to
File File, print, data transfer and related functions
understand the built-in
functions and the View Visual presentation method and manipulation functions,
working environment. selection functions, Activation/Deactivation functions, etc.
Once the user becomes
familiar with CIVIL, the
use of Icon Menu or
Structure Entering model data and automatic generation of grids,
Context Menu will be groups, etc.
more effective.
Node/Element Entering nodes and elements

Properties Enter material, section, inelastic properties

Boundary Enter supports, spring supports, links, release conditions,

offset, etc.
Load Enter all types of static loads, dynamic loads, thermal loads,
automatic generation functions, etc.
Analysis Enter all types of control data necessary for analysis process
and analysis execution functions.
Results Enter load combinations, plotting analysis results (reactions,
displacements, member forces, stresses, vibration modes,
buckling modes, etc.), verification and analysis functions,
etc.
PSC Automatic design of PSC Box girders for ultimate limit
state and service limit state verification
Pushover Pushover analysis for seismic design

Design Automatic design of structural steel, SRC, RC and footings,

code checking, etc.
Query Status verification functions for nodes, elements and related
data
Tools Assignment of unit system and preferences setting, MCT
Command Shell, computation of bill of material, extraction
of seismic data, Sectional Property Calculator, General
Section Designer, etc.

19
GETTING STARTED

Tree Menu

The entire procedure for modeling from data entry to analysis, design and
preparation of calculations are systemically organized. An expert as well as a
novice can efficiently work without making errors by accessing the related
dialog boxes, which provide the procedural guidance.

Also, Works Tree allows the user to glance over the input status of the current
model data, which can be revised by the Drag & Drop capability.

Drag & Drop

Drag & Drop capability of Works Tree tab changes the PC beams graphically

Context Menu
In order to minimize the physical motions of the mouse, simply right click the
mouse. midas Civil automatically selects a menu system, which offers related
functions or frequently used functions reflecting the working circumstances of the
user.

20
 Before Getting Started

Model Window
The working window deals with the modeling, interpretation of analysis results
and design by means of GUI (Graphic User Interface) of midas Civil.

The Model Window may present several windows simultaneously on the screen.
Because every window operates independently, different user coordinate systems
can be assigned to the individual windows to create a model. In addition, each
window shares the same database and as such, the work performed in a window
updates the other windows simultaneously.

The Model Window can represent common model shapes as well as shapes
generated by up-to-date features such as hidden lines, removal of hidden
surfaces, shading, lighting, dispersion of color tone, etc. The model, analysis and
design results may be displayed in rendering views. The input status of the
model or each type of analysis and design results can be visually verified by
“walking through or flying over” the interiors of structures using the Walk
Through Effect.

Table Window
Table Windows display all types of data entry, analysis and design results in the
Spread Sheet format. Various kinds of data modification, additional input,
compilation, arrangement for different characteristics and searching capabilities
are provided in Table Windows. They allow transfers with common database
S/W or Excel.

Data exchange with Microsoft Excel

21
GETTING STARTED

Message Window

Message Window displays all types of information necessary for modeling,

warnings and error messages.

Status Bar

Status Bar presents matters related to all kinds of coordinate systems, unit systems
conversion, select filtering, fast query, element snap control, etc., which enhance
the work efficiency.

22
 Before Getting Started

Toolbar and Icon Menu

Icon Menu helps the user promptly invoke functions frequently used in midas
Civil. Each icon is regrouped with the icons of similar purposes in various
Toolbars. Each Toolbar may be easily dragged with the mouse to the desired
position on the screen. They may be edited to appear selectively on the screen or
modified by using Tools>Customize>Customize. For more information on any
icon in the Toolbar, place the mouse cursor on the icon in question and Tool Tip
will provide a short description.

Refer to “APPENDIX A. TOOLBAR AND ICON MENU” for more information

regarding the Toolbars and the corresponding Icons.

Default positions of the Toolbars and status tabs in the window

23
GETTING STARTED

Dialog box of Tools>Customize

24
 Preferences Setting

Assignment of Unit System and Conversion

In practice, there are diverse working conditions and forms of data entry. midas
Civil is designed to operate concurrently under a specific system of units or a
combination of several types of unit systems. For instance, “m” unit for the
geometry data and “mm” unit for section data may be used in the same model.
The “SI” unit system used in the data entry process can be converted into the
“Imperial” unit system for the analysis and design results.

The thermal unit system requires a consistent unit system for the data. The units
for moment, stress or modulus of elasticity which combine length units and force
units are automatically adjusted by the program according to the types of length
and force units selected by the user.

The user may use Tools>Unit System or the unit system conversion function of
Status Bar located at the bottom of the screen to assign or convert the system of
units.

Dialog box of Unit System Setting

25
GETTING STARTED

Preferences Setting
Generally, each project is unique. The size and the material characteristics of a
structure differ from one another, and it is convenient to define the modeling
environment in advance when starting a new project.

As the scale of the structure becomes apparent during the initial stage of a new
project, it is possible to assign the grid spacing using Grid in advance. This will
avoid additional and cumbersome adjustments of the screen dimensions.

Tools>Preferences of midas Civil allows the setting of the basic data required
to run the program in advance.

When the Preferences function is selected, the dialog box shown below is
displayed. Select the entities desired from Tree Menu on the left side and enter
the required data.

Environment
General Provide the user’s name, company logo & set the
automatic file saving defaults.
View Set the default window and its size.
Data Tolerance Assign the bounds of nodal combination and the
upper limit of numerical values to be recognized as
zero (0).
Property Assign the basic database for materials and sections.
Design Assign applicable design standards for different
material type properties.
Load Save the database for the floor loads

Dialog box for Preferences

26
 Preferences Setting

Output Formats
Formats Assign the effective number of decimal points for the
model data and analysis results.

Refer to On-line Manual for detail information regarding each of the above-
mentioned Preferences. The View function is necessary to set the working
window at the initial stage of the work as described below.

Initial Model Boundary Size

Assign the size of the working window. For example, if the length unit is set
to “m” and “10” is entered, the vertical length of the new window will be set
to 10m.

Initial Point Grid

Refer to “Preferences Assign the spacing of point grids to display in the window.
Setting for Modeling” in
Getting Started & Grid Space x Spacing of point grids in x-direction in user
Tutorials coordinate system
Grid Space y Spacing of point grids in y-direction in user
coordinate system
Grid On Option to display the point grids in the window

Default window of midas Civil

27
GETTING STARTED

Initial View Point

Assign the window coordinate system to correspond to either an isometric
view (Iso View) or the global X-Y plane coordinate system.

Initial window after setting the preferences

Notice that the initial window appears as shown in the figure above after
specifying the following: The length unit is set to “m” in Tools>Unit System.
The size of the default window is 10m in View of Tools>Preferences. The grid
spacings in the x & y directions of the coordinate system are set to 1m and 2m
respectively.

Snap

Snap is used to assign the snap state. Multiple Snap functions may be assigned
at a time. When nodes or elements are being entered with the mouse, Snap
automatically sets the mouse-click point to the closest grid, node or element.

The types of the Snap functions supported by midas Civil are as follows:
Refer to “Snap” in
“Nodes and Elements
Generation” of the
“Modeling” section.

28
 Preferences Setting

Point Grid Snap

Search the point grid contiguous to the mouse cursor.
Set the point grid by Define Point Grid of Structure>Grids.

Line Grid Snap

Search the intersection of line grids contiguous to the mouse cursor.
Set the line grid by Define Line Grid of Structure>Grids.

Node Snap
Search the node contiguous to the mouse cursor.

Element Snap
Line Element means Search the midpoint of the element contiguous to the mouse cursor.
elements of Line Type 
constituted by two
In the case of a line element , the position of the snap may be adjusted by
nodes such as truss or using the Snap point assignment function to the right of the status bar located
beam elements. at the bottom of the window. For example, the user may locate the snap at the
third points of an element ( ). This is an extremely convenient
feature when a line element is already set up and another line element has to
be connected to a particular point on that existing element.

Snap All
Select all the above-mentioned snap functions.
To release Snap types
Snap Free
separately, click the 
relevant Icon so that it Release all the snap functions.
switches to Toggle Off
state.

Examples of Snap applications

29
GETTING STARTED

Modeling Preferences Setting

Coordinate Systems
The coordinate systems used in midas Civil are as follows:

 Global Coordinate System (GCS)

 Element Coordinate System (ECS)
 Node local Coordinate System (NCS)

Refer to Analysis for The GCS uses the X, Y and Z-axes of the Conventional Cartesian Coordinate
Civil Structure> System with the right-hand rule. The axes are denoted by the capital letters (X, Y,
Numerical Analysis
Model> Coordinate Z). Nodal data and the majority of data entry related to nodes, nodal displacements
Systems and Nodes. and nodal reactions are in GCS.

The GCS is used for the geometric data for the structure. The Reference Point is
automatically set to the coordinates X=0, Y=0 and Z=0.

In midas Civil, because the vertical direction of the screen is set parallel to the
Z-direction of the global coordinate system, it is more convenient to coincide the
vertical direction of the structure (the direction opposite to the direction of
gravity) with the GCS Z-direction.

Refer to Analysis for The ECS uses the x, y and z-axes of the Conventional Cartesian Coordinate
Civil Structure> System with the right-hand rule. The axes are denoted by the lowercase letters.
Numerical Analysis
Model> Coordinate
(x, y, z)
Systems and Nodes.
Element internal forces, stresses and the majority of data entry related to elements
are in ECS.

The NCS is used to assign Inclined Support Condition at a particular node. NCS
uses the x, y and z-axes of the Conventional Cartesian Coordinate System with
the right-hand rule. The axes are denoted by the notations x, y and z.

Once the Node Local Axes define the node coordinates, the following boundary
conditions and forced displacements are entered according to the defined node
coordinates:

 Supports
 Point Spring Supports
 General Spring Supports
 Surface Spring Supports
 Specified Displacements of Supports
30
 Preferences Setting

User Defined Coordinates and Grids

Refer to “Open File and The User Coordinate System (UCS) is the coordinate system additionally
Setting of Preferences> defined by the user to ease the modeling task. The UCS is defined relative to the
Working Plane and
Grids” in Tutorial 1 to
GCS and can be useful when the geometry is complex.
understand this
procedure. Generally, the majority of structures in practice are constituted in 3-D with
various unit-planar structures. The structure is decomposed into a number of
planes. For each plane, apart from the GCS, a coordinate system convenient for
the modeling task is assigned. Once the individual segments are modeled, these
planes are reassembled with respect to the GCS, and the overall 3-D shape now
becomes effectively complete. The UCS is used mainly for such purpose and
assigns a local coordinate system for each unit-planar structure.

User-defined Coordinate System may be saved with pre-defined titles (Named

UCS), which can be recalled interchangeably with GCS.

An example of UCS and

Grid Line assignment for
entering beam elements
located at different
angles

UCS and the grid layout

31
GETTING STARTED

When entering coordinates or elements, assign the grids to coincide with the
UCS x-y plane. Such technique is extremely convenient for modeling.

midas Civil supports the following two types of grid system:

 Point Grid
 Line Grid

The point grid represented by a series of points on the UCS x-y plane is parallel
with the x & y-axes, and each point is set equally apart. Generally, during the
initial stage of modeling, set the point grid by Tools>Preferences. Depending on
the work conditions, use View>Grids>Define Point Grid to reassign the grid.

The line grid, as a grid represented by lines at right angles on the UCS x-y plane,
is positioned parallel with both x and y directions. The spacing may be unequal.

Set the line grid by Define Line Grid.

Each grid system can be positioned at the same time, and it is convenient to use
Snap to automatically locate the mouse cursor to a contiguous grid.

32
 Entering Data

General
All the data are entered with the Dialog Box, Table Window, MCT Command
Shell and Model Window in midas Civil. Using the Dialog Box, the data can be
entered by both mouse and keyboard. The keyboard is mainly used for the Table
Window and MCT Command Shell, and the mouse is mainly used for the Model
Window.

In the Dialog Box, the following buttons are used to reflect or cancel the data entry
in the model.

Reflect the data entry in the model and, at the same time, close
the corresponding operation and the dialog box.

Reflect the current data entry in the model and continuously

accept any additional data entry and modification maintaining
the dialog box active.

Cancel the current data entry and close the dialog box.

Close the dialog box.

When shifting the focus from one data entry to another in a Dialog Box, use the
Tab key on the keyboard to move successively from one data field to the next, or
directly specify data by placing the mouse cursor over the desired data field.

If the Shift+Tab key is used, the input sequence will be reversed.

33
GETTING STARTED

Dialog box in the form of dialog bar Dialog box

The Table Window is a Spread Sheet type window where all the data entry and
design results can be viewed at a glance. It allows the user to make any additional
data entry or modification.

MCT Command Shell is a unique modeling feature, which allows the user to
enter data by text type commands.
For more details concerning the applications, refer to the On-line Manual.
Table Window of midas
Civil offers data
input/output and
modification capabilities.
In addition, it provides all
types of selection
functions, Filtering,
Sorting and Graph
functions, data
exchange with Excel,
etc.

Elements’ table window

34
 Entering DATA

Data Input Commands

For convenience, midas Civil provides the following data entry options:

 Where several numerical data are entered consecutively in a data field,

these data can be distinguished by a “,” (Comma) or a “ ” (Blank)
 <Example> ‘333, 102, 101’ or ‘333 102 101’
 Position data, element sections and properties and other relevant data
can be entered by simple assignments in the Model Window.
 Length or directional increments can be specified using the mouse by
choosing the relevant origin and ending points in the Model Window
rather than typing these data directly on the keyboard.
 Where the same length is repeated, the entry can be simplified by
“number of repetition @ length” instead of repeating the same number.
 <Example> 20, 25, 22.3, 22.3, 22.3, 22.3, 22.3, 88  20, 25, [email protected], 88

The keyboard may be used to enter selected data directly. The related node
numbering or element numbering may be an arithmetic progression in series or
the progression may be incremental. Then, the data entry can be simplified by
“start number to (t) final number” or “start number to (t) final number by
increment”.
< Example> 21, 22, … , 54, 55, 56  “21 to 56”, “21 t 56”
< Example> 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60  “35 to 60 by 5”, “35 t 60 by 5”

 Numbers and mathematical expressions can be used in combination.

The majority of the operators and parentheses applied in engineering
computation can be used.
<Example> π × 202  PHI * 20^2

<Example> 35 + 3 ×  sin 30  + 2 cos 2 30  + sin 2 30  

 
“35 + 3 * (sin(30) + 2 * SQRT(cos(30)^2+sin(30)^2))”

35
GETTING STARTED

Notation Content Remarks

( Open parenthesis –
) Close parenthesis –
Power of n
^ Ex.: 23 = 2 ^ 3
( ^2→square, ^3→cube)
+ Addition –
– Subtraction –
* Multiplication –
/ Division –
PI π 3.141592653589793
SQRT Ex.: 2 = SQRT(2)
SIN Sine Unit: Degree
COS Cosine Unit: Degree
TAN Tangent Unit: Degree
ASIN Arc Sine Ex.: sin-1(0.3)=ASIN(0.3)
ACOS Arc Cosine Ex.: cos-1 (0.3)=ACOS(0.3)
ATAN Arc Tangent Ex.: tan-1 (0.3)=ATAN(0.3)
EXP Exponential function Ex.: e0.3 =EXP(0.3)
SINH Hyperbolic Sine Ex.: sinh(1)=SINH(1)
COSH Hyperbolic Cosine Ex.: cosh(1)=COSH(1)
COTAN Cosine/Sine Ex.: cotan(1)=COTAN(1)
LN Natural Logarithm –
LOG Common Logarithm –
Built-in operators in midas Civil

§ Highlights of usage
1. Operators accept the mixed use of capital and lowercase letters.
2. As the operators are similar to that of an engineering calculator, the
hierarchy of operations follows the rules of common mathematical
operations.

36
 Manipulation of
Model Window

midas Civil offers various Model Window Handling capabilities for

sophisticated and realistic visual representation of the model generation, analysis
and design results.

Model Window Handling functions can be invoked from the View menu or by
simply clicking the icons in Toolbar.

Model Shape Representation

The Model Shape Representation functions of midas Civil such as Wire Frame,
Hidden, Shrink, Perspective and Render View present the model in diverse
shapes and views. These functions help the user grasp the input state of the
model and manipulate the model as much as desired.

The Model Shape Representation functions of midas Civil are as follows:


 Shrink is typically Shrink
used to check the Display the modeled elements in proportionally reduced sizes.
connectivity of nodes
and elements.
Perspective
Display a perspective 3-dimensional view of the model.

Hidden
Display the model shape reflecting the sectional shapes of elements and their
thicknesses as it would truly appear.

37
GETTING STARTED

This model is viewed

with Shrink, Perspective
and Hidden using the
Model
Shape Representation
Toolbar.

The Size and Draw tabs

in Display Option
controls the Factor and
Scale adjustment, and
the reflection of the
thickness related to
Model Shape
Representation.

Arch Bridge: Shrink, Perspective and Hidden Views


The Rendering function Render View
is provided in the Display the model shape reflecting the sectional shapes of elements and their
window, and the Render
View is used to apply the thicknesses with a shadowing effect as it would truly appear.
functions such as
Blending. Rendering Option
Modulate the effects of lighting and shadowing of Render View.

Display
Display in the working window the nodal and element numbering, material
and sectional designation, the loading input state, etc.

Refer to Model>Verify
Display Option
input results> Control all the graphics displayed in the working window including all types
Display Option section. of display modes such as the color palette of characters, the displayed size,
etc.

38
 Manipulation of Model Window

Render View: Model of Cable Stayed Bridge

Zoom in/out and Motion Control

(View Manipulation Functions)
All the View Manipulation functions of midas Civil with the Render View
function assist the user to accurately grasp the three-dimensional views of the
model input state and the analysis and design results through diverse view angles
and points.

The View Manipulation functions of midas Civil are as follows:

View Point
Iso View
Represent the model in a three-dimensional space.

Top View
Represent the model as viewed from the +Z direction.

39
GETTING STARTED

Right View
Represent the model as viewed from the +X direction.

Front View
Represent the model as viewed from the +Y direction.

Angle View
Represent the model as viewed from a specified viewpoint.

Rotate
Rotate Left
Rotate the model to the left (clockwise about Z-axis).

Rotate Right
Rotate the model to the right (counterclockwise about Z-axis).

Rotate Up
Rotate the model upward from the horizontal plane.

Rotate Down
Rotate the model downward from the horizontal plane.

Zoom
Zoom Fit
Fit the model to the screen size by scale up/down.

Zoom Window
Assign the desired size of the window by dragging a corner of the window
with the mouse.

Zoom In
Magnify the current window gradually.

Zoom Out
Reduce the current window gradually.

40
 Manipulation of Model Window

The proportioning of Pan

screen manipulation for
Zoom, Pan and Rotate is
controlled in the Size tab Pan Left
in Display Option. Move the model window to the left.

Pan Right
Move the model window to the right.

Pan Up
Move the model window upward.

Pan Down
Move the model window downward.

Dynamic View Manipulation

The Dynamic View of midas Civil provides Zoom, Pan and Rotate functions. It
displays realistic views of the structure in real time from the desired viewpoint
by keeping the mouse left-shifted and dragging the mouse.

By linking Dynamic Zoom/Rotate and Render View, we can look inside and
walk through the structure (Walk Through Effect) or fly over the structure.

Keeping the mouse left-

shifted and dragging the
mouse downward or to
the left reduces the
window.

Keeping the mouse left-

shifted and dragging the
mouse upward or to the
right magnifies the
window.

Zoom Dynamic Illustration

41
GETTING STARTED

By keeping the mouse

left-shifted and moving
the mouse cursor, the
model window will
follow the course of the
mouse.

Pan Dynamic View

Example of Rotate Dynamic application

Using Rotate
Dynamic, drag the
mouse cursor downward
or upward.
Model Rotation
The View Point will
Direction
move downward or
upward following the
drag direction.

Model Rotation
Direction
Using Rotate
Dynamic, drag the
mouse cursor to the left
or right. The View Point
will move to the left or
right following the drag Model Rotation Direction
direction.

Mouse Drag Direction

42
 Selection and
Activation / Deactivation

Selection
The Selection functions are extremely important and indispensable for the overall
task of generating a model. It allows duplication of nodes and/or elements, with or
without the same attributes such as loading or boundary conditions, activation of
special parts, verification of input and output data, etc.

The Selection functions supported by midas Civil are as follows:

Select Identity-Nodes Select Identity-Elements

Group Select Single

Select Window Select Polygon

Select Intersect Select Plane

Select Volume Select All

Select Previous Select Recent Entities

43
GETTING STARTED

Graphical Selection

Select Single

Select the desired entities by clicking the mouse once each time. To unselect
the selected entities click them once again. The Select Window feature can be
effected by dragging the mouse left-shifted from a fixed point.

Select Window Unselect Window

Click the diagonal corners of a window containing the entities with the mouse
cursor and select or unselect the desired nodes or elements.

When assigning the window, select only the nodes and elements completely
contained within the window by dragging the mouse cursor from left to right.

When assigning the window, select all the elements that are contained inside
the window as well as the elements intersecting the boundaries of the window
by dragging the mouse cursor from right to left.

Select plate elements successively one by one with Select Single

44
 Selection and Activation / Deactivation

Drag the mouse cursor

from left to right. The
elements that are not
completely contained in
the window boundaries
will not be selected. ()

Mouse Dragging Direction

Drag the mouse cursor

from right to left. Even
those elements crossing
the window boundaries
will be selected. ()

Mouse Dragging Direction



Select by Window
45
GETTING STARTED

Select Polygon Unselect Polygon

Select or unselect the desired nodes and/or elements by successively clicking

the corners of the polygon containing the relevant entities with the mouse
cursor.

When clicking the final corner, left-click the mouse twice. The polygon linking
the final corner and the starting point is created, and all the nodes and elements

contained inside the polygon are selected.

To enter a loading

acting on an inclined
roof, select only the
beam elements on the
slope.

To modify the boundary

conditions at the
supports, select only
the supports by forming
a polygon.

Select Polygon

Select Intersect Unselect Intersect

Select or unselect elements by crossing a series of lines that intersect the

desired elements with the mouse cursor in the Model Window. When clicking
the final point of the last line, left-click the mouse twice. This terminates the
selection process.

In the process of

element meshing, plate
elements can be readily
selected by Intersect.

To modify the element

types, select the vertical
and diagonal members
of the truss roof.

Select Intersect

46
 Selection and Activation / Deactivation

Select Plane

By assigning a particular plane, select or unselect all the nodes and/or

elements contained in the plane.

Observe the following methods to select a plane:

3 Points
Specify 3 points located in the desired plane.

XY Plane
For a plane parallel to the X-Y plane, specify a Z coordinate of the desired
plane.

XZ Plane
For a plane parallel to the X-Z plane, specify a Y coordinate of the desired
plane.

YZ Plane
For a plane parallel to the Y-Z plane, specify an X coordinate of the
desired plane.

Planes non-parallel to
GCS or UCS can be
easily assigned by
means of 3 Points. The
figure shows an inclined
roof lying in a plane
assigned by 3 Points
placed on the grids.

Select Plane by 3 Points

47
GETTING STARTED

Select Volume

To assign a particular hexagonal volume, select and/or unselect all the nodes
and elements contained in the volume.

Observe the following methods to select a hexagonal volume:

Click and
select the volume by
modifying only the
necessary coordinates.
The part of the structure
contained within the
minimum and maximum
coordinates will appear.

Select Volume

48
 Selection and Activation / Deactivation

2 Points
Select two points of the diagonal corners of the desired hexagonal
volume.

XYZ Limit
Enter the coordinates of the range of the desired hexagonal volume for
each axis.

Select All Unselect All

Select or unselect all the nodes and/or elements.

Specified Selection

Select Identity
Specified Selection
Select the desired entities by physical or geometrical identities, i.e., select
Select Identity-Nodes nodes or elements with identical attributes, types or groups.
Select Identity-
Elements
Group Selection Entities can be selected by each identity separately or multi-identities
Select Previous simultaneously.
Select Recent Entities

The types of identities that can be selected are as follows:

Element Type Selection by type of element

Material Selection by type of material attribute
Section Selection by type of section
Thickness Selection by type of thickness
Named Plane Selection by name of plane
Story Selection by ID of story
Supports Selection of nodes by support condition
Beam End Release Selection of beams by beam end release condition
Wall ID Selection by wall combination numbering
Structure Group Selection by element group
Boundary Group Selection by boundary group
Load Group Selection by load group

49
GETTING STARTED

A section type is Select the desired types in the Identity list shown in the figure above. Select or
selected to modify
Element Type using
modify the selected entities subsequently and selectively as required. Alternatively,
Select Identity- one of the elements having the identity in the Model Window can be selected with
l t the mouse cursor.

Select Identity – Section

Select Previous

Reselect the entities selected in the previous step.

Select Recent Entities

Select the nodes or elements most recently generated during the modeling
exercise.

50
 Selection and Activation / Deactivation

Group

Group

midas Civil allows us to define Structure group by grouping nodes and

elements and Boundary Group and Load Group for boundary conditions and
loadings attributed to the nodes and elements. The three groups are subsequently
used in combination for defining construction stages.

First, assign a structure group name and designate relevant nodes and elements
by various Select functions. Using Drag & Drop under the Group tab of Tree
Menu, we can assign the relevant nodes and elements appropriate group names.
In particular, it is extremely useful for modeling complex structures by selecting
and activating certain groups without a repetitive process of selection.

Group dialog bar

51
GETTING STARTED

The common procedure for applying Structure Group is as follows:

Register the desired nodes and elements as a Group

1. Select Model>Group>Define Structure Group (or click Group,

select Structure Group from the Group tab of Tree Menu and select
after right-clicking the mouse.

Define Structure Group

2. Enter a group name in the Name field with Suffix numbers and click the
button to create a number of structure groups simultaneously.

3. Using the selection functions, select the relevant nodes and elements to
be assigned to the structure groups.

4. Define structure groups using Drag & Drop of Tree Menu.

52
 Selection and Activation / Deactivation

Using Model>Group> 
Define Boundary Groups and Load Groups similarly.
Change Boundary
Group/Change Load
Group the existing
boundary conditions
and loading groups can
be copied, moved and
deleted to create other
groups.

Double-click the
selected group in Tree
Menu to select the
corresponding nodes
and elements.

Right-clicking in the
selected group of Tree
Menu permits us to
carry on many different
tasks.

Group Selection (Element Selection using Tree Menu)

Change of section properties by a simple operation of Drag & Drop of Works

Tree tab
53
GETTING STARTED

Filtering Selection

Filtering Selection chooses line elements selectively based on the elements’

directional orientation while applying the Graphical Selection or Specified
Selection features. When the desired entities are selected by Graphical Selection,
only the line elements satisfying the Filtering Condition are selected upon
defining the direction of axis or plane from the filter selection field illustrated in
 below.

To apply Specified Selection, define the desired entities and click the Filtering
button ( ) illustrated in  below to select only the elements satisfying the
Filtering condition among the selected line elements.

When y-axis is selected

in the Filter selection field
and specific selection
functions are executed,
only the elements parallel
to the y-axis will be
selected.

 Filter selection

 Filter selection

54
 Selection and Activation / Deactivation

Model Activation/Deactivation
Active / Inactive is used to partially activate or inactivate specific parts of
a structure.

Active represents a state in which the modeling tasks are permitted. Modeling
tasks such as selection, addition and modification are not allowed for the
inactivated parts. Unless this function is deliberately invoked the total model is
always in an activated state.

Inactivated Object under the Draw tab in View>Display Option allows the
inactivated parts to either appear or disappear on the screen.

This function can be effectively used for modeling complex, large-scale

structures or post-processing tasks.

 Model Window is
simplified by
deactivating the cables
in a cable stayed bridge
model.

Only the main girder,

arch rib and hangers
are activated to check
the moments in the
girder.

Active/Inactive

55
GETTING STARTED

For instance, by only activating the deck part of a bridge on the screen, can our
modeling task become much more manageable. This function remarkably
simplifies tasks such as adding or modifying nodes or elements, interpreting
analysis results by selective activation of specific element types, section or
attribute types, etc. Analyzing the maximum or minimum member forces will
require much less effort.

The Active/Inactive function is used in connection with Selection. After

selecting the desired parts, activate or inactivate the relevant selections by using
the functions outlined below.

Active
Activate only the selected part while the remaining parts are inactivated.

Inactive
Inactivate only the selected part while the remaining parts are activated.

Inverse Active
Reverse the current active and inactive parts to inactive and active parts
respectively.

Active All
Transform all the nodes and elements in an inactivated state into an activated
state.

Active Identity
Activate the assigned entities on the current UCS x-y plane that contains the
origin, a particular story, the named plane or the Group, etc.

Active Previous
Return to the previous active or inactive state.

56
 Modeling

Nodes and Elements Generation

midas Civil enables us to readily create nodes and elements as if we were
drawing drawings using the majority of functions used in CAD programs.

The following two methods are mainly used for generating elements in midas
Civil:

 Enter the nodes first and then enter the elements using these nodes.
 Enter the nodes and elements simultaneously using the predetermined
grids.

The second method is generally recommended for expediency. Grids are generated
first. The presence of the grids significantly reduces the risk of making mistakes
during the modeling. This is highly efficient as nodes and elements are created at
the same time.

The first method is used when the geometric arrangement of elements is so

irregular that the application of grids is not expected to offer any advantage. This
method is used to perform a partial, detail analysis of planar elements.

The grids are laid out in the x-y plane of the UCS. The procedure to layout the
Point Grids is simple enough since the grid spacing is regular in each direction of
the axes, but unsuitable for modeling an irregularly spaced structure. In such a
case, the use of Line Grids is more effective.

During the modeling task, because various functions are alternately used to
create nodes and elements, it is convenient to use Model Entity Tab at the top of
You may move the the dialog bar located on the left of the screen. The desired function in the
toolbars to any position function list can be selected or the Toolbars on the right of the working window
by dragging the mouse. 
can be used rather than using the Main Menu.

57
GETTING STARTED

Refer to the coordinates

appearing in the Status
Bar at the bottom of the
screen while undertaking
nodes/elements
generation with the
mouse.

The distance, coordinate, directional vector or node number can be directly typed
on the keyboard in the dialog bar. Alternatively, the relevant distance or position
can be conveniently assigned in the Model Window with the mouse cursor. When
the mouse cursor is used to enter the above entities, click the relevant data field
once and the background color of the data field will change to pale green. Then,
enter the relevant data in the Model Window (Mouse Editor function).

When duplicating or moving nodes and elements the relevant attributes may be
selectively included. The relevant attributes for nodes are nodal loading, support
conditions, etc. The relevant attributes for elements are element loading, element
boundary conditions, etc. (Copy Node Attributes, Copy Element Attributes).

When duplication is required with modification of material or section properties,

the modification can be accomplished by specifying increments from the number
being copied.

58
 Modeling

When duplicating
distance, use the
mouse cursor instead of
typing a numerical
value in the data field.

Translate Elements

Copy: Assign to copy

Move: Assign to move

Use when duplicating or

moving elements while
the material and section
properties are altered.
(Applicable also where
column sections change
while a building is
modeled by copying
each story.)

Specify whether or not

to include the relevant
attributes when
duplicating nodes or
elements. Translate Elements dialog bar

59
GETTING STARTED

Nodes Generation

 Undo cancels an Use Model>Nodes or Node Toolbar to generate nodes.

unlimited number of
previous tasks.
Redo recovers the
For detailed information concerning the directions, refer to On-line Manual.
previous tasks canceled
by Undo. Create Nodes
Create new nodes and additional nodes by duplicating the new nodes at given
spacings simultaneously.

Delete Nodes
Remove nodes.

Translate Nodes
Duplicate or move the existing nodes with equal or unequal spacings.

Rotate Nodes
Duplicate or move the existing nodes by rotating about a given axis.
Project Nodes projects Project Nodes
specific nodes onto a
selected line or plane to
Duplicate or move the existing nodes by projecting on a particular line or
copy or move the nodes. surface (plane, conic surface, spherical surface, elliptic surface, etc.).
This becomes useful
when modeling Mirror Nodes
complicated parts of a Duplicate or move the existing nodes symmetrically with respect to a
structure.
particular plane.

Divide Nodes
Create additional nodes by dividing a straight line between two nodes into
equal or unequal spacings.

Merge Nodes
Merge contiguous nodes into one node.

Scale Nodes
Reduce or magnify the spacings between two existing nodes by a specified
ratio.

Compact Node Numbers

Adjust the missing node numbers that have been removed, and arrange the
node numbers in a consecutive order.

Renumber Node ID
Renumber the existing node numbers either partially or in its entirety.

Start Number
Assign the start number for new nodes to be created.

60
 Modeling

Elements Generation

 Undo cancels an Use Model>Elements or Element Toolbar to generate elements. The menu for
unlimited number of material and section properties need not be accessed separately. By clicking the
previous tasks.
Redo recovers the
button to the right of the material and section properties list in the dialog bar
previous tasks canceled for the elements, the related attributes can be added or modified. If necessary,
by Undo. new material and section numbers can be assigned to the elements while being
duplicated.

Create Elements
Create new elements.

Create Line Elements on Curve

Create line elements along the traces of a circle, a circular arc, an elliptical
circle, a parabola, etc.

Delete Elements
Remove elements.

Translate Elements
Duplicate or move existing elements with equal or unequal spacings.

Rotate Elements
Duplicate or move existing elements by rotating about a given axis.

Extrude Elements
Create one-dimension higher geometric elements (line elements, plate
elements and solid elements) by expanding existing nodes, line elements and
plate elements as follows:
• Create a line element along the path created by the motion of a node.
• Create a plate element along the path created by the motion of a line
element.
• Create a solid element along the path created by the motion of a plate
element.
Mirror Elements
Duplicate or move existing elements symmetrically with respect to a
particular plane.

Divide Elements
Divide existing elements into equal or unequal sub-elements.

Merge Elements
Merge elements of identical attributes (materials, section properties, element
types, etc.) into one element.

61
GETTING STARTED

Intersect Elements
Divide automatically existing line elements intersecting one another relative
to the intersection points.

Change Element Parameters

Change the attributes of elements.

Compact Element Numbers

Adjust the missing element numbers that have been removed, and arrange the
element numbers in a consecutive order.

Renumber Element ID
Renumber existing elements either partially or entirely.

Start Number
Assign the start number for new elements to be created.

62
 Modeling

Extrude the plate

elements created by
midas FX+ into solid
elements.

Model of an arch-portal frame

Extrude the temporary
beam elements, which
represent a section of a
bin to form a complete
bin reinforced with
stiffeners.

The Shrink function

reduces the element
sizes and thus enables us
to readily verify the inter-
connection of the
elements.

Model of a Bin

63
GETTING STARTED

Generate plate
elements in the upper
portion of the coping
and select the
projecting plane below.

Extrude the upper plate

elements onto the lower
projecting plane to
create solid elements.

Divide the solid

elements vertically to
generate finer sub
elements.

Complete this T-shaped

pier model by adding
the footings and
columns.

Modeling sequence of a T-shaped pier using Extrude (Projection)

64
 Modeling

Structure Wizard functions

Depending on the characteristics of a structure in question, the Structure Wizard
functions may simplify the data entry, thereby increasing productivity.

Especially, Bridge Wizard simplifies modeling and reduces the modeling time
for various types of Cable Stayed, Suspension and Post-tensioned Box bridges.

Structure Wizard
Refer to “Structure>
>Wizard” of this Beam Column
Manual.
Arch Frame
Truss Plate
Shell Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed Bridge ILM Bridge
FCM Bridge MSS Bridge
FSM Bridge Transverse Model
Grillage Model RC Slab Bridge
RC Frame/Box PSC Bridge

Structure Wizard dialog boxes

65
GETTING STARTED

Material and Section Properties Generation

midas Civil provides various material and section database, and we are also free
to define User-defined material and section properties. In the case of a composite
structural steel bridge girder, the section properties of non-composite and
composite sections can be reflected in the analysis. Sectional Property
Calculator calculates section properties for an irregularly shaped section.

Material Properties
midas Civil supports the following material properties:

Steel
ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
BS (British Standards)
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.)
EN (European Code)
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione)
GOST(Russian: ГОСТ): Russian National Standards (государственный
стандарт)
IS (Indian Standards Institution)
CNS (Chinese National Standards)
KS-Civil (Korean Industrial Standards)
KS (Korean Industrial Standards)
JIS-Civil (Japanese Civil Standards)
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
GB (Guojia Biao Zhun(China))
JGJ (Jian Zhn Gong ye Jian Zhn Biao Zhun(China))
JTJ (Jiao Tongbu Jian She Bia Zhun(China))
JTG (Jiao Tongbu Gong Lu Biao Zhun)

Concrete
ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
BS (British Standards)
EN (European Code)
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione)
GOST(Russian: ГОСТ): Russian National Standards (государственный
стандарт)
IS (Indian Standards Institution)
CNS (Chinese National Standards)
66
 Modeling

KS-Civil (Korean Industrial Standards)

KS01-Civil (Korean Industrial Standards)
KS01 (Korean Industrial Standards)
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
JIS-Civil (Japanese Civil Standards)
GB (Guojia Biao Zhun(China))
JTG (Jiao Tongbu Gong Lu Biao Zhun)

Reinforcing Steel
ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
BS (British Standards)
EN (European Code)
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione)
GOST(Russian: ГОСТ): Russian National Standards (государственный
стандарт)
IS (Indian Standards Institution)
CNS (Chinese National Standards)
KS-Civil (Korean Industrial Standards)
KS01-Civil (Korean Industrial Standards)
KS01 (Korean Industrial Standards)
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
JIS-Civil (Japanese Civil Standards)
GB (Guojia Biao Zhun(China))
JTG (Jiao Tongbu Gong Lu Biao Zhun)

SRC
Combinations of the above-mentioned steel and concrete materials

User Defined
The user may define the properties directly as well as defining the properties
of Isotropic Material and Orthotropic Material.

67
GETTING STARTED

To enter material properties, use Properties> Material Properties.

At the convenience of the user, enter material properties by the following methods:

Dialogue box for Material Properties

The following is a method of assigning material properties by selecting from the

When additional predefined materials list specified at the elements generation stage after defining
material properties data the general material properties:
are to be entered during
the elements generation
process, use the
button to the right of the 1. Click Material Properties for material data input.
material properties list
of the Create Elements
Dialog Bar. 2. Select the desired material properties from the list of material properties
of the dialog bar used for the generation of elements.

3. Use the automatic incremental numbering function for material properties

in the dialog bar used for the duplication of elements. This is convenient
where properties of the duplicated elements are different from that of the
elements being duplicated.

68
 Modeling

The following is a method of assigning arbitrary material numbers to the

elements being generated irrespective of the true material data. The assigned
materials are subsequently revised.

It makes no difference if 1. Click Material Properties for material data input.
steps 1 and 2 are
reversed. If elements
are created without
2. Create elements without assigning material data concurrently.
specifying the material
data, the material 3. Use View>Select or the related Icons to select the elements whose
number “1” is assigned
material properties are to be assigned or modified.
automatically.

4. Use Node/Element> Change Parameters to assign new material

numbers. Alternatively, assign material properties by Drag & Drop
after selecting relevant material properties from Works Tree.

Only a few material properties are used for modeling real structures. The first
method is generally more practical. Use Change Parameters to modify
material data subsequently.

For effective management of modeling, assign material numbers based on the

element types (beam, column, wall, brace, etc.) even if the material types are
identical.

Similar material data used in other model files (fn.mcb) may be imported
for entering material properties.

69
GETTING STARTED

Time Dependent Material Property Data

When a construction stage analysis is required for a long span bridge structure to
reflect shrinkage and long-term deflection, or a structure is analyzed for heat of
hydration, time dependent material properties must be incorporated.

The following outlines the method of defining the time dependent material
properties.

1. Define material property data for creep and shrinkage in Properties>

Creep/Shrinkage.

Selection of Code for defining Material Properties

If User Defined is selected, the user is required to directly specify
relevant creep and shrinkage functions in Properties> User Define.

2. Define a function of modulus of elasticity of concrete in Properties>

Comp. Strength.

Variation of Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

70
 Modeling

3. Relate the time dependent material properties to the general material

properties previously defined in Properties> Material Link.

Time Dependent Material Link dialog bar

4. If Properties>Change Property is used, the Notational Size of Member,

“h”, defined at the time of defining the time dependent material
properties is replaced with the changed “h”. The “h” value defined in
Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage) is ignored.

71
GETTING STARTED

Section Properties
midas Civil supports the following section property data:

DB Selection among international standard section databases

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
CISC Canadian Institute of Steel Construction
BS British Standards
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
UNI Italian National Standard
GOST Russian National Standard
STO_ASChM Russian National Standard
IS84 Indian Standards
JIS Japanese Industrial Standards 2000
KS Korean Industrial Standards
GB-YB Guojia Biao Zhun-Yejin Bu Biao Zhun
Pacific(SI) Bentley Pacific Standards(SI Unit: kN, m, mm)
CNS91 Taiwan Standards
User Key dimensions of standardized sections
Value Section properties defined by the user
SRC SRC sections
Combined Combined sections made up of two section types
PSC Prestressed concrete sections
Tapered Tapered sections
Composite Section properties of before and after composite action

The section data in midas Civil is entered using Properties> Section

Properties.

72
 Modeling

Dialogue Box Section

73
GETTING STARTED

Depending on the user’s preference, section data in midas Civil can be entered
by the following methods:

Selecting sections from the list of section data defined in advance and assigning
them to the elements being created:

When section data are 1. Click Section Properties to enter the section data.
additionally required
while creating elements,
it will be more
2. Select the desired sections from the list of sections of the dialog bar
convenient to use the used for the generation of elements.
button to the right of
the section list in the 3. Use the automatic incremental numbering function for sections in the
Create Element Dialog dialog bar used for duplicating elements where the sections of the
Toolbar
duplicated elements and the original elements are different.

Revising the temporary section data assigned to the elements whose section
numbers are arbitrarily assigned to create the elements:

There is no difference if 1. Click Section Properties to enter the section data.

the steps 1 and 2 are
reversed. If elements
are created without 2. Create elements without assigning section data concurrently.
specifying the section
data, the section 3. Use View>Select or the related Icons to select the elements whose
number “1” is assigned
automatically.
section data will be modified or assigned.

4. Use Node/Element> Change Parameters to assign new section

numbers.

The first method may be advantageous for a relatively simple structure with only
a few section types. The second method may be more practical for general
structures with many section types.

Similar section data may be imported from the MCB files (fn.mcb)
used in other models. The user may expedite the sectional data entering process
by establishing a DB in an MCB file containing built-up sections and other
frequently used sections. This may also come in handy as the DB can be applied
to the automatic design of steel structures.

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 Modeling

midas Civil computes the following section properties automatically:

It is not necessary to

enter sectional
dimensions for
elements with varying
cross sections.

Defining Offset in
Section Properties here
eliminates the need to
define offset again in
defining boundary
conditions. DB/User Section Value Section
Section dimensions
need not to be entered
when Value is defined.

Combined Section SRC Section

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GETTING STARTED

PSC Section

Tapered Section Composite Section

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 Modeling

Applicable Section Shapes

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GETTING STARTED

Properties>Tapered Group automatically calculates the section properties of

tapered (non-prismatic) elements in a zone of section variation.

Prior to analysis, input tapered elements by assigning them to a Tapered

Section Group to calculate the section properties of the individual tapered
elements, and then ungroup to retain the individual section properties. The
ungrouping reduces analysis time, especially in a construction stage analysis
where repetitive sub-analyses are internally performed.

Tapered Section Group

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 Modeling

Thickness Data

The thickness data for plate elements in midas Civil are considered in the
following two ways:

 Applying the same thickness to compute the stiffness for both in-plane
and out-of-plane directions.
 Applying different thicknesses to compute the stiffness for in-plane and
out-of-plane directions.

For plane stress elements, only the in-plane behavior is taken into account, and
as such only the in-plane thickness data are applied regardless of the data
entered. The Out-of-plane stiffness is irrelevant.

midas Civil has the capability of entering stiffened or reinforced (ribbed) plates,
which may often be used in the flanges of steel box bridge girders.

Entering thickness data (Value) Entering thickness data (Stiffened)

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GETTING STARTED

Sectional Property Calculator (SPC)

midas Civil provides SPC, which calculates stiffness data for any shape or form.
The section shape can be drafted, or a DXF file can be imported. Invoke
Tools>Sectional Property Calculator from Main Menu, and the section
properties calculated are imported in Section when modeling a structure.

 Import a section shape through AutoCAD DXF.

 Simple entry of a section shape by various modeling tools.
 Optimized mesh is automatically created for calculating the section.
 The properties of a hybrid section consisted of a number of different
materials can be calculated.

A number of sections are arranged in the order of sizes, and the section
properties are individually calculated for each section

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 Modeling

Sectional Property Calculator calculates the section properties of the section

shapes read in from AutoCAD DXF files

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GETTING STARTED

Section Properties calculated from SPC

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 Modeling

Boundary Conditions Input

midas Civil provides unique boundary conditions such as General Spring
Supports to account for lateral stiffness of piles, Compression-only boundary
elements to reflect foundations and Tension-only boundary elements.

Boundary Conditions

Supports Point Spring Supports

Define General Spring Type General Spring Supports

Surface Spring Support Elastic Link

General Link Properties General Link

Beam End Release Beam End Offset

Plate End Release Rigid Link

Panel Zone Effect Node Local Axis

Effective Width Scale Factor

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GETTING STARTED

Display of equivalent soil springs auto-generated for a tunnel lining

Surface Spring Supports is applied in the case where a structure is in contact

with soils such as a foundation mat or a tunnel. The effective contact area of
each node of plate and solid elements and the modulus of sub-grade reaction are
used to automatically calculate and input the equivalent spring stiffness.

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 Modeling

Display of boundary conditions of a curved bridge at lane widening

Elastic Link can be applied to represent an elastic bearing on a bridge pier,

which eliminates the need for incorporating a fictitious beam element in the
modeling. All that is required is just the stiffness in the relevant direction, which
then produces the reaction.

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GETTING STARTED

Rigid Link representing offset between the main girder and bridge pier

Plate End Release and Beam End Release represent the inability of resistance in
certain degrees of freedom at the element ends.

Node Local Axis is used to represent skewed boundary conditions relative to the
Global Coordinate System, such as a bridge supported on skewed supports.

Nonlinear Link can model base isolators and dampers in structures representing
the behaviors of nonlinear damping history. Nonlinear Link Element is
composed of 6 linear or nonlinear springs linking two nodes, which represent
one axial spring, two shear springs, one torsional spring and two bending
springs.

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 Modeling

Loads Generation
The types of loading implemented in the analysis tasks in midas Civil are as
follows:

 Static Loads
 Moving Loads
 Dynamic Loads

Load Group is applied The static loads are used to perform static analyses for unit loading conditions.
to the Construction The moving loads are used for structural analyses related to static moving traffic
Stage Analysis in which loads for which influence line analyses or influence surface analyses are carried
groups of loads are
activated and inactivated
out. The dynamic loads are used to perform response spectrum analyses or time
at different stages of history analyses.
construction.

Static Loads

The following two steps specify static loads in midas Civil:

1. Use Load>Static Load Cases to enter the static unit loading conditions.

2. Enter the loading data using various static loading functions provided in

When modifying or Load.
adding unit loading
conditions in the
process of entering
loads, click the A static analysis is performed for each static unit loading case. Use the Results>
button located to the Combinations function to combine analysis results during the post-processing
right of the Load Case
Name field of the
mode.
corresponding load
dialog bar for quick It is also possible to carry out the structural analysis after converting the loading
changes. combination conditions entered in Load> Using Load Combinations into

This is an extremely individual loading cases.
useful tool for entering
loading cases when
nonlinear elements are
used in the analysis
model.

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GETTING STARTED

Specify the name of a

static unit loading
condition in the name
field. This name is an
identification used for
loading combinations
and specifying loading
conditions required for
the geometric stiffness
matrix formation in a
buckling analysis or a
P-Delta effect analysis.

The type field is used to

automatically create the
loading combinations
according to various
design codes in different
countries. It supports a Entering static unit loading conditions
list of 24 types of loads.
For detail information,
refer to On-line Manual.

midas Civil supports the following types of static loading:

Self Weight
Element self weight

Nodal Loads
Nodal concentrated loads

Specified Displacements of Supports

Forced displacements of supports

Element Beam Loads

Concentrated or distributed loads acting on beam elements

Line Beam Loads

Beam loads on a number of consecutive beam elements aligned in a straight
line

Typical Beam Loads

Common types of beam loads resulting from floor loading

Define Floor Load Type

Assign Floor Loads

Floor loads on the top of beam or wall elements

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 Modeling

Define Plane Load Type

Define the type of loads on a plane, which will be applied to the nodes of
plate/solid elements and any desired location irrespective of element type.

Assign Plane Loads

Apply the defined planeloads to the plane in which the plate/solid elements
are located.

Prestress Beam Loads

Pre-stress loads in beam elements

Pretension Loads
Pretension loads in truss elements, cable elements and tension/compression-
only elements

Tendon Prestress Loads

Define tendon prestress loads

Pressure Loads
Surface pressure loads Pressure loads acting on the thicknesses or surfaces of plate and solid
can be applied to even elements
Plane Stress elements
for Geometric Nonlinear Hydrostatic Pressure Loads
Analysis.
Pressure loads resulting from the potential energy of fluid

System Temperature
The final temperature of the entire structure necessary for thermal stress
analysis

Nodal Temperatures
Nodal temperatures for thermal stress analysis

Element Temperatures
Temperatures on elements for thermal stress analysis

Temperature Gradient
Temperature gradient between the top and bottom of beam elements or plate
elements

Beam Section Temperatures

Define a temperature difference on a section of a beam element

Time Loads for Construction Stage

Assigning specific elements with construction time duration to elapse at a
specific construction stage

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GETTING STARTED

Creep Coefficient for Construction Stage

Assigning creep coefficients to specific elements at a specific construction
stage

Initial Forces Control Data

Saving initially entered axial forces as the results of a separate loading
condition

Initial Force for Geometric Stiffness

Imposing initial axial forces to specific elements for calculating geometric
stiffness

Settlement Group
The magnitudes of settlements for individual settlement groups to automatically
consider them for settlement analysis for bridges

Settlement Load Cases

Nodal settlements for settlement analysis

Pre-Combined Load Cases for Composite Bridge

Load cases pertaining to the pre-composite sections of an analysis, which
reflects pre and post-composite sections

Ambient Temperature Functions

For Heat of Hydration Analysis

Convection Coefficient Functions

For Heat of Hydration Analysis at the boundary surface of a structure

Element Convection Boundary

Boundary condition for heat transfer by convection on the surface of a
structure

Prescribed Temperature
Constant temperature condition independent of time

Heat Source Functions

For Heat of Hydration Analysis

Assign Heat Source

Heat source function assigned to each element

Pipe Cooling
Pipe cooling data for the reduction of temperature

Define Construction Stage for Hydration

For Heat of Hydration Analysis

Loading Sequence for Nonlinear Analysis

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 Modeling

Soil or hydraulic Assign loading application order for nonlinear analysis

pressures acting on
basement walls or
retaining walls can be
Define Construction Stage
easily generated by Define analysis models for each construction stage.
means of Hydrostatic
Pressure Loads. Select Construction Stage for Display
Activate the selected stage on the screen.

Hydrostatic Pressure Load automatically calculates lateral loads acting on plate

or solid elements due to soil or fluid. The applied loads are automatically
converted even when the elements are divided or merged.

Temperature loads (changes) can be applied to the total structure as well as to

individual nodes. Temperature gradients along the ECS axes of line elements
may be also specified.

Pressure Load: Exterior basement wall supporting soil pressure

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GETTING STARTED

Moving Loads

midas Civil generates traffic moving loads in the following five steps:
 Moving Load Cases
can be defined without
assigning Vehicle 1. Arrange the traffic lanes or surfaces in the model reflecting the traffic
Classes.
moving path, the number of traffic lanes and the traffic lane width. Use
beam elements or beam elements with variable sections for traffic lanes,
and plate elements for traffic lane surfaces. Use Load>Moving Load
The support data are >Traffic Line Lanes and Traffic Surface Lanes for the layout of traffic
used only for continuous lanes and surfaces respectively.
bridges to calculate the
maximum negative
moment. Concentrated 2. Define the traffic load, which will act on the traffic lanes or the traffic
lane loads of equivalent lane surfaces by using Load>Moving Load >Vehicles. The traffic loads
magnitude are can be generated from the database as per AASHTO, Caltrans, etc. The
simultaneously applied
to two contiguous spans
user can also define wheel loads or traffic lane loads separately.
on each side of the
support. 3. Use Load>Moving Load>Vehicle Classes menu to load a number of

moving loads simultaneously.

4. Assign the support locations in Load>Moving Load>Lane Supports.

5. Define the moving load cases by entering the load conditions

subsequent to defining the traffic lanes or surfaces to be loaded using
Load>Moving Load Analysis Data>Moving Load Cases. These load
cases are then combined with other analysis results in Results>
Combinations.

Refer to Analysis Manual and Tutorials for the concept of moving load analysis.

midas Civil contains the following types of standard traffic loadings:

Standard Designation of the standard traffic loading

H15-44, HS15-44, H15-44L, HS15-44L
AASHTO Standard H20-44, HS20-44, H20-44L, HS20-44L,
AML
AASHTO LRFD HL93-TRK, HL93-TDM, HS20-FTG

Caltrans Standard P5, P7, P9, P11, P13

PHL-93TRK, PHL-93TDM, PHS20-FTG,
PENNDOT
P-82, ML-80, TK-527

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 Modeling

CL-625 Truck, CL-625 Lane,

Canada Standard CL-625-ONT Truck, CL-625-ONT Lane,
BCL-625 Truck, BCL-625 Lane
BS 5400, BD37/01 HA & HB, Pedestrian Load
Load Model 1~4, Fatigue Load Model,
Eurocode
Rail Traffic Load
SK, SK Fatigue, AK, N14, N11,
Russia Standard
Subway Trains, Tramcars, NK-80, NG-60
Class A, Class B, Class 70R,
India Standard
Class 40R, Class AA, Footway
HS20-44(MS18), HS15-44(MS13.5),
H20-44(M18), H15-44(M13.5), H10-44(M9),
Taiwan Standard HS-20-44(MS18), HS-15-44(MS13.5),
H-20-44(M18), H-15-44(M13.5),
H-10-44(M9), C-AML
Australia Standard CE-80, UIC80, M1600, S1600
KS Standard Load
DB-24, DB-18, DB-13.5, DL-24, DL-18,
(Specification for Roadway
DL-13.5
Bridges)

L-25, L-22, L-18, L-15,S-25, S-22, S-18,

KS Standard Train Loads
S-15, EL-25, EL-22, EL-18 & HL

Live load input from the database and User defined load input
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GETTING STARTED

Dynamic Loads

The data entry process for the response spectrum analysis consists of the
following:

1. Define the response spectrum data in Load>Seismic>RS Functions.

The response spectrum data can be defined using the following four
methods:

• The user directly enters the spectral data for each period.
• The design response spectrum database is selected from the built-in
database (AASHTO-LRFD, Eurocode, etc.).
• The seismic response spectrum is extracted from the records of
seismic accelerations using Seismic Data Generation.
• A file containing response spectrum data is imported.

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 Modeling

2. Enter the response spectrum load case in Load>Seismic>RS Load

Cases. At this point, select the response spectrum defined in Step 1, and
assign the direction of application, Scale Factor and the mode
combination method.

Refer to Analysis Manual for the concept and features of Response Spectrum
Analysis.

Response Spectrum Function

The sequence of data entry for time history analysis is as follows:

1. Define Load>Seismic>Time History Functions.

The Time History Functions can be defined by the following four

methods:

• The user directly enters the loading data for each time step.
• A selection is made from the built-in earthquake records database
(32 types, such as El Centro earthquake, 1940, 270°).
• A file containing the Time History Load is imported.
• The Time History Function is defined by entering Sinusoidal
Function coefficients.

2. Enter the title of the time history analysis condition and the data for
analysis control in Load>Seismic>Time History Load Cases.

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GETTING STARTED

3. When an earthquake analysis is planned, assign the time history analysis

condition and the Time History Load representing the ground motion to be
considered in Load>Seismic>Ground Acceleration.

When performing a typical time history analysis, assign the time history analysis
condition and the Time History Load to be considered using
Load>Seismic>Dynamic Nodal Loads.

Refer to Analysis Manual and On-line manual for the concept and input process
of Time History Analysis.

Time History Function: Sinusoidal

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 Modeling

Bridge Wizards for Bridge Modeling

midas Civil provides Bridge Wizards for modeling various types of bridge
construction encountered in practice. The wizards can quickly create the models
of completed structures as well as construction stage models.

Suspension Bridge Wizard

Suspension Bridge Wizard finds the initial equilibrium state of a suspension

bridge. It calculates the coordinates of the cables and the initial forces in the
cables, hangers and towers upon specifying basic dimensions such as sags and
hanger spacings and the self-weight acting on the cables. The resulting tensions
in the cables and hangers are transformed into Initial Forces for Geometric
Stiffness and become formulated into the geometric stiffness automatically.

The input and usage of Suspension Bridge Wizard are as follows:

1. Invoke the Structure >Suspension Bridge menu.

2. Enter the basic coordinates in Node Coordinates & Heights for the
cable sags, towers, start points of the girders, cable anchor locations,
etc.

3. Assign the defined material and section properties in the Material and
Section selection fields.

4. Enter the offset distances between the towers and girders if the girders
are “simply supported” in Distances from Deck to Pylon.

5. Specify the longitudinal slopes of the girders in the side and center
spans in Shape of Deck.

6. Enter the hanger spacings in Hanger Distances.

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GETTING STARTED

Suspension Bridge Wizard dialog box

Suspension bridge model created by Suspension Bridge Wizard

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 Modeling

Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard

midas Civil provides Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard that quickly creates the model
of a completed structure. It permits the modeling of symmetrical and non-
symmetrical bridges and truss and box girders reflecting the longitudinal profile.

The input and usage of Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard are as follows:

1. Invoke the Structure> Cable Stayed Bridge menu.

2. Select the symmetry condition, and enter the basic coordinates and
dimensions in Node Coordinates & Heights for the towers and the start
points of the girders, etc.

3. Assign the defined material and section properties to the cables, girders
and towers in the Material and Section selection fields.

4. Select either truss or cable element type in Select Cable & Hanger
Element Type.

5. Enter the offset distances between the towers and girders if the girders
are “simply supported” in Distances from Deck to Tower.

6. Specify the longitudinal slopes of the girders in the side and center
spans in Shape of Deck.

7. Enter the cable spacings in the spans and towers in Cable Distances &
Heights.

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GETTING STARTED

Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard dialog box

Cable Stayed bridge model created by Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard

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 Modeling

ILM Bridge Model Wizard

ILM Bridge Model Wizard constructs the modeling of an ILM bridge based on
the geometry, launching and boundary information related to nose, girder,
prefabrication plant, etc.

1. Define the material and section properties of the nose and girders.

2. Select Structure>ILM Bridge Model.

3. Define the information related to the nose and girders and the boundary
conditions of the completed stage and the prefabrication plant.

ILM Bridge Model Wizard dialog box-ILM Model tab

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GETTING STARTED

4. Define the tendons placed in the top and bottom of the girders in the
Top & Bottom Tendon tab.

ILM Bridge Model Wizard dialog box - Top & Bottom Tendon tab

5. Define the tendons in the web in the Web Tendon tab.

ILM Bridge Model Wizard dialog box - Web Tendon tab

6. Click to finish ILM Bridge Model Wizard after completing

the input, and enter additional data.

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 Modeling

ILM Bridge Stage Wizard

ILM Bridge Stage Wizard automatically composes each construction stage

based on the input data related to the change of boundary conditions.

1. Select Structure>ILM Bridge Stage.

2. Define the boundary conditions after completion in Piers of Final

Structure System.

3. Define the launching direction and the start point of the nose.

ILM Bridge Stage Wizard dialog box

4. Click to finish ILM Bridge Stage Wizard after completing

the input, and enter additional data.

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GETTING STARTED

FCM Bridge Wizard

FCM Bridge Wizard is used to prepare the construction stage analysis model of
an FCM bridge. The procedure for composing a construction stage analysis
model using the wizard is as follows:

1. Specify the general bridge information and element segment

information under the Model tab of FCM Bridge Wizard. Use the
Advanced options to model a non-symmetrical FCM bridge.

FCM Bridge Wizard box-Model tab

FCM Bridge Wizard dialog box-Advanced Dialogs

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 Modeling

2. Enter the PSC (post-tensioned concrete) box section dimensions and

the weight of the Form Traveler under the Section tab of FCM Bridge
Wizard.

FCM Bridge Wizard dialog box-Section tab

3. Place the tendons and enter the jacking forces under the Tendon tab of
FCM Bridge Wizard. Click to place the tendons in the
webs of the PSC box.

FCM Bridge Wizard dialog box-Tendon tab

4. Click to finish FCM Bridge Wizard after completing the

input, and enter additional data.

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GETTING STARTED

Construction Stage model of an FCM Bridge Wizard created by FCM Bridge Wizard

MSS/FSM Bridge Wizard

MSS/FSM Bridge Wizard is used to prepare the construction stage analysis

model of an MSS or FSM bridge. The procedure for composing a construction
stage analysis model using the wizard is as follows:

1. Under the Model tab of MSS/FSM Bridge Wizard, select the bridge
type, either MSS or FSM, and enter the concrete material, spans,
segmenting information, etc. If MSS is selected the weight of the wet
concrete is automatically considered.

2. Enter the PSC (post-tensioned concrete) box section dimensions at the

center and construction joint under the Section tab of MSS/FSM
Bridge Wizard.

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 Modeling

MSS/FSM Bridge Wizard dialog box-Model tab

3. Enter the tendon profiles and jacking forces under the Tendon tab of
MSS/FSM Bridge Wizard.

MSS/FSM Bridge Wizard dialog box-Tendon tab

4. Click to finish MSS/FSM Bridge Wizard after completing

the input, and enter additional data.

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GETTING STARTED

Construction Stage model of an MSS Bridge Wizard created by MSS Bridge Wizard

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 Modeling

Construction Stage Modeling Feature

midas Civil provides three types of stages; Base Stage, Construction Stage and
Post-construction Stage. The characteristics of each stage type are as follows:

 Base Stage
General analysis is carried out at the Base Stage if the Construction
Stage is undefined. If the Construction Stage is defined, structural
modeling is prepared, and Structure Groups, Boundary Groups and
Load Groups are defined and composed at the Base Stage without the
execution of analysis.

 Construction Stage
Analyses for construction stages actually take place. The boundary and
load conditions of the activated Boundary Groups and Load Groups of
each corresponding stage are established.

 Post construction Stage

Being the last stage of the construction stages, special analyses are
carried out at the Post construction Stage for conventional/moving
loads, response spectrum analysis, etc. in addition to the analysis for the
construction stage loads.

Construction Stages are composed of Structure Groups, Boundary Groups and

Load Groups by Activation and Deactivation of relevant entities. Accordingly,
each stage consists of activated geometry, boundary and load conditions
pertaining to that particular construction stage.

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GETTING STARTED

Construction Stage Modeling for a General Structure

The general modeling procedure for the construction stage analysis of a structure
is as follows:

1. Prepare a structural model except for the boundary and load conditions.

2. Define Structure Groups in Structure>Structure, and assign to each

Structure Group relevant elements that will be constructed or removed
together.

3. Define Boundary Groups in Structure>B/L/T>Define Boundary

Group.

4. Define Load Groups in Structure>B/L/T >Define Load Group.

5. Compose Construction Stages by clicking the button in

Load>Construction Stage>Define C.S. You may click the
button to define a number of Construction Stages of identical duration and
click the button to compose each construction stage.

Define Construction Stage dialog box

6. Specify Duration and whether or not to save the results in the Compose
Construction Stage dialog box. Define Additional Steps if time variant
loadings are applied within the same structure Group.

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