Adama Poly Technic Satellite Campus

Department of Building Construction Technology

Research Title: - Applying Scheduled Maintenances in Adama
Polly Technique College in the Case Building Block Two.

Group Member
Name ID. No
1. BETEHLIEM ESHETU ETUBSR-1275/13
2. CHALA ORIA ETUBSR-1277/13
3. FIKADU BUSHU ETUBSR-1284/13
4. GIRMA KEBEBEW ETUBSR-1287/13
5. YACOB BULA ETUBSR-1294/13

JUNE 2024
ADAMA, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA.

1
Research Title:-Applying Scheduled Maintenances in Adama Polly Technique College in
the Case of Building Block Two.

This Research Prepared in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor
of Science (BSc) In Building Construction Technology.

Advisor: - Tilahun Dejene (M.Sc.

i
Federal Technical and Vocational Educational Training Institution
Adama Satellite Campus
Department of Building Construction Technology
Research title: - Applying Scheduled Maintenances in Adama Polly
Technique College in the Case of Building Block Two.
Prepared by: -
Signature Date
1. Betelihem Eshetu _____ ______
2. Chala Oria _____ ______
3. Fikadu Bushu _____ ______
4. Girma Kebebew _____ ______
5. Yacob Bula _____ _____

ii
 Federal Technical and Vocational Educational Training Institution
Adama Satellite Campus
Department of Building Construction Technology.
APPROVAL SHEET
The project Title Schedule Maintenance on Building Block Two in Adama
Polly Technique College .it is approved for the award of Bachelor of degree
in building construction technology.
Building Schedule Maintenance on building block two in case of Adama Poly
Technic Satellite Campus.
Signature
1. Betelihem Eshetu _____
2. Chala Oria _____
3. Fikadu Bushu _____
4. Girma Kebebew _____
5. Yacob Bula _____

Approved by Advisor:
Instructor: Tilahun Dejene (M.Sc.)
Signature___________
Date _______________

iii
 Declaration
We here by declared the work which is being presented in this thesis entitled constructing
Schedule maintenance work carried out under the supervision of Mr. Tilahun Dejene.
It has Not been presented for a degree of any other institute and all source of material used
for this research is duly acknowledged.
Name of Researchers Signature Date
1. Betelihem ___________ _________
2. Chala Oria ____________ __________
3. Fikadu Bushu ____________ ________
4. Girma Kebebew ____________ __________
5. Yacob Bula ___________ __________

Name of advisor Signature Date

Tilahun Dejene (Msc) ___________ _________

Approved By Examiner Board

Name of Advisor Signature Date
Mr. Tilahun Dejene ___________________ ________________
Name of Co-Advisor Signature Date
___________________ ________________ _________________
Name of examiner, internal Signature Date
___________________ ______________ _________________
Name of examiner, external Signature Date
___________________ _________________ _________________
Name of chairperson Signature Date
___________________ _______________ _________________

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 Acknowledgment
Primarily, we want to thanks God for giving us the inspiration to start and to finalize this
project work. Secondly, we would like, thanks to our advisor Mr. Tilahun Dejene ((MSc))
for his wonderful constructive comments, continued guidance and great support for the
successful accomplishment of this project. We also want to thank our department head Mr.
Habib Flato (MSc) for him friendly advice and idea contribution at any request time.
Finally, we would like to express our sincere appreciation for our dear families whose
have been constant sources of encouragement in our life.

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 Abstract
Building cracks are most common problem found in any type of building. This major
problem is spread over most of the construction projects among the world.
Scheduling maintenance was minimizing defect of buildings in the best way.
For the assess of the part of the building and their defects, minimize unplanned down time
and repair cost. Moreover, the projects‟ performances are also affected against time, cost
and quality. So, after investigating and assessing of cracks in building, of Adama Poly
Technic administration office from the quality perspective the information or concepts will
be develop through literature review that enables to find out the previously stated facts
about the issue. Finally, based on the analysis of the results, recommendations. So, in this
report we can identify the observed crack on Adama Poly technic administration office
block two to schedule maintained and controlled that crack by using adequate material
and amazing skills and technique of construction schedule maintenance system.
Key Terms: Scheduled Maintenances, Building, cracks

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 Table of Contents
Content
Page

Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................v
Abstract...........................................................................................................................................vi
List of Figure...................................................................................................................................ix
List of Table.....................................................................................................................................x
Abbreviation....................................................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 .Background of the Study.........................................................................................................2
1.2. Statement of the Problem........................................................................................................2
1.3. Basic research question...........................................................................................................3
1.4 ..Objectives...............................................................................................................................3
1.4.1. General Objective...........................................................................................................3
1.4.2. Specific Objective...........................................................................................................3
1.5. Significance of the Project.......................................................................................................3
1.6. The Beneficiary of the Project.................................................................................................3
1.7. Scope of the Project.................................................................................................................3
1.8. Limitation of the Project Work................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO..............................................................................................................................5
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................5
Introduction......................................................................................................................................5
2.1. Building Maintenance and Maintenance Management...........................................................5
2.2. Theoretical Review..................................................................................................................6
2.3. Theoretical Framework............................................................................................................7
2.4. Types of Maintenance.............................................................................................................8
2.4.1. Preventive Maintenance..................................................................................................8
2.4.2. under corrective Predetermined Maintenance..................................................................8
2.4.3 .Condition-Based Maintenance........................................................................................9
2.5 .Major method of maintenance and causes of cracks in building.............................................9
2.6 .Moisture changes and variation...............................................................................................9
2.7. Cracking due to vegetation......................................................................................................9
2.8. Shrinkage...............................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................11
Research Design and Methodology................................................................................................11
Introduction....................................................................................................................................11

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 3.1. Description of the Study area................................................................................................11
3.2. Research Design....................................................................................................................11
3.3 .Working activities and Procedure..........................................................................................12
3.4. 0peration and testing..............................................................................................................12
3.5 .Evaluation the work...............................................................................................................12
3.6. Population study....................................................................................................................12
3.7. Sample and Sampling Technique..........................................................................................13
3.8. Sample size............................................................................................................................13
3.9.Method Data Collection..........................................................................................................14
3.10. Primary Data Sources..........................................................................................................14
3.11. Secondary Data Sources......................................................................................................14
3.12. Method of Data Collection..................................................................................................15
3.12.1. Questionnaires............................................................................................................15
3.12.2 Interview......................................................................................................................15
3.12.3 Methods of data Analysis............................................................................................15
3.12 .4 Observation.................................................................................................................16
3.13. Technique for maintaining of walls and structural cracks...................................................18
3.14 . Material used for maintenance...........................................................................................19
3.15. Procedures of repair and schedule maintenance of crack Building.....................................20
CHAPTER FOUR..........................................................................................................................22
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data...........................................................................22
Introduction....................................................................................................................................22
4.1 .Results and Discussions.........................................................................................................22
4.2. The output of our project.......................................................................................................24
4.3 .Results of finding and analysis..............................................................................................25
CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................................................26
Conclusion and Recommendation..................................................................................................26
Summary........................................................................................................................................26
5.1. Conclusion.............................................................................................................................27
5.2. Recommendations.................................................................................................................28
Appendix I......................................................................................................................................30
Appendix II....................................................................................................................................31

viii
 List of Figure

Figure 1: drawing for research methodology.....................................................................16

Figure 2: Picture of vertical crack for walls........................................................................17
Figure 3: Diagonal crack horizontal cracks.........................................................................17
Figure 4: Random deterioration..........................................................................................18
Figure 5: distribution of respondent by category................................................................24

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 List of Table
Table 1: List Hand Tools................................................................................................................21
Table 2: sample projects.................................................................................................................23
Table 3 :Sample size of distribution and return rate of respondents...............................................23
Table 4: Sources of Data................................................................................................................23
Table 5: Material of quantity..........................................................................................................24
Table 6 : time schedule...................................................................................................................30
Table 7: Questioner’s format..........................................................................................................32

x
Abbreviation
 SM- Schedule Maintenance
 EBCS- Ethiopian Building Code Standard
 Fb- Floor Basement
 (OPC)- ordinary Portland cement

xi
 CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
In 21st century global construction market, there are always new requirements and
regulations on building constructions. Sustainable Building ensures and services are in
good condition for living, working, and other daily activities. Building schedule
maintenance is a vital ensure building Sustainability. Schedule maintenance is defining
combination of action carries out in restore it to acceptable condition. Schedule
maintenance is the predetermine is task that are well organizes and perform .the
maintenance action to reduce any failure component .Maintenance has developed with all
other management fields. In all areas whereas the consideration is given higher degree in
the construction sector. Management systems maintenance is also structured to match the
exact kind of work which has to be managed. (Sherwin 2000. The evolution of
maintenance was differentiated by Moubray as generations which are of first, second and
third generations. The need to understand the evolution of maintenance gives a broader
perspective and understanding how maintenance has impact on the construction sector.
The expectations from maintenance during each generation and the techniques involved
during the generation gives a brief idea of how maintenance has evolved ((Placeholder1).
At current, there is huge demand for optimizing the models and making maintenance to be
More effective and profitable.
The developed third generation considered maintenance as “Profit contributor”.
(Waeyenbergh &Pintelon, 2002) Schedule maintenance refers to the end to end process for
executing maintenance work. Planning includes identifying maintenance tasks as well as
the tools and workflows necessary for tackling them. Scheduled maintenance involves
defining timelines and assigning responsibilities for completing maintenance work. Unlike
planning, scheduling is ultimately about who and when of completing tasks. Organizations
may include scheduled maintenance tasks as part of their overall planned maintenance
program or schedule tasks through a separate, simpler workflow. Scheduled maintenance
specifies who will perform the maintenance tasks and when they will be completed.
Scheduled maintenance revolves around maintenance tasks assigned to the technician
with a set deadline. Its main objective of SM is to reduce equipment failures, prevent
maintenance backlogs, and minimize reactive maintenance. It also enables more efficient
allocation of resources. (Pintelon, 2002)

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1.1 Background of the Study
Schedule maintenance is one of the most widely used construction system in the world.
Because they are repair, strong, durable, inexpensive, weather resistance, fire proof, they
are well suited for maintain building two measure advantage of using schedule
maintenance is that they can be re assembled easily using many construction techniques.
So that they can be re used or re arranged in different shapes or for different tasks rather
than being use once and destroy, as is the normal practice.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
The problem that we have initiate based on our field of that study now a day’s
construction of applying scheduling maintenances in Adama Polly Technique College on
Building Block two.
The Adama Polytechnic College building is in need of regular maintenance to ensure its
proper functioning and to provide a safe and healthy environment for trainees, faculty, and
staff. However, due to the lack of a structured maintenance schedule, the building has been
experiencing various issues such as malfunctioning HVAC systems, plumbing problems,
and defects like cracking, Weather Condition, defects like cracking, shearing electrical
issues, and structural damages. These issues not only affect the comfort and safety of the
building occupants but also disrupt the learning and teaching process. Therefore, there is
an urgent need to develop a comprehensive maintenance plan that includes a regular
schedule for inspecting, repairing, and replacing the building's systems and components.
This plan should prioritize the most critical issues and allocate resources efficiently to
ensure the building's longevity and sustainability.
The nature of many construction materials to crack as they age and as they expand and
contract, particularly with exposure to moisture and the get wet and dry out
alternately .there were cracks in common areas such elevation column, exterior walls,
interior walls and to corners of doors and window and ceilings causal, in the middle,
according to crack was an evidence of graded deterioration and damage to the structure of
buildings.
A crack was of little consequence and it was established as static, simple repair by filing or
re-pointing and plastering as all that is required.
Regarding the major types of cracks in building focus in floor and walls has not been
maintained well. Hence, it seems important to conduct research to fill the gap. Therefore,
this study attempted to repair the major types of cracks ,Dormant cracks, deterioration of

2
wall, leakage of roof in buildings Adama poly Technic College Block Two offices project
on walls maintain and repair the crack.

1.3 Basic research question

1. How to assess the parts of building and their defects?
2. How to preserve buildings and its services?
3. How to minimize unplanned down time and repair cost?

1.4 Objectives
1.4.1 General Objective
The main objective of the project was to Applying scheduled maintenances in the case of
Adama Polly Technique College Building Block two.

1.4.2 Specific Objective

The specific objective of this project was;
• To assess the parts of the buildings and their defects.
• To preserve buildings and its services.
• To minimize unplanned down time and repair cost

1.5. Significance of the Project

This project provides solution for Schedule Maintenance in Adama Polly technical college
Building Block Two. The project would help to construct low cost schedule maintenance
short duration and create attractive environment.
• To develop the strength and the durability of the floor and wall
• To resist weather condition
• To increase the satisfaction for all workers.
• To gains a good appearance and smooth surface
1.6. The Beneficiary of the Project
• The college’s employers are the primary users of the project
• All workers in the Adam Polly technique college
• The one who work the project also can develop the work place communication, team
work habit, Technical Skills, Knowledge.

1.7. Scope of the Project

The aim of this project is to apply schedule maintenance in Adama poly technic College
building block two. Finally by performing all tasks of the project work according to EBCS
perform comfortable & attractive wall and inside Adama Polly Technique College.

3
This project covers 5m2 prepared using the mix ratio a mortar in our projects is 1:3 which
represents one bag cement (50kg), three boxes of sand and three boxes of respectively and
they usually uses 0.40liters for hand mixing.
1.8. Limitation of the Project Work
• The budget allocated for our project is not funded at the right time or given time.
• The materials required to produce our project are not supplied at the right time.
• Environmental factors such as weather condition like wind pressure, freezing
temperature, extreme hot, to ensure that walls are resilient and able to with stand various
environmental challenges.

4
 CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
Introduction
This chapter reviews in-depth, literature on issues relating to the concept of building and
the importance that is attached to the schedule maintenance of buildings. It covers
secondary materials related to the conceptual issues as well as definitions and concept
maintenance of buildings.

2.1. Building Maintenance and Maintenance Management

In developing country including Ethiopia have an increase in building investment, but it
has no longer value without the consideration of maintenance.
Since from a general perspective, Narayan (2003), defined maintenance as the
preservation or restoration of the desired function of a given process, at the lowest total
cost. Alshehri (2016) explained that maintenance is work undertaken to restore every
facility to an acceptable standard at an acceptable cost.
Geraerds (2000) further described maintenance as a set of activities intended to keep
technical systems in check and restore them to the conditions required for them to achieve
their intended purpose concerning buildings. Maintenance is defined as the combination of
all technical, administrative and managerial actions during the life cycle of an item
intended to retain it in, or restore it, to a state in which it can perform the required function
(function or a combination of functions of an item which are considered necessary to
provide a given service).
Mohan (2016), defines maintenance as work performed on an asset to preserve it in as
near to its original condition or to keep it in proper working order.
Building Maintenance is a combination of technical and administrative actions
contributing to the protection and satisfactory operation of the building (Wahab&Basari,
2013). It includes everything from regular cleaning to repairs and replacements of
damaged building components and can be as small as replacing a slightly broken window
glass, or as large as re-plastering or re-tiling the entire building.
Abdul Lateef (2010) defines building maintenance, as the processes and services carried
out to preserve, repair, protect and care for a building fabric after completion, whereby a
building encompasses the totality of the environment and infrastructure which provides

5
human comfort, enhancing occupants‟ health and productivity. Management is a critical
force and it is the force that gets things done to acceptable standards.
Maintenance management is responsible for using tools and methods to improve the
efficiency and to reduce the effects of unplanned stoppages and to reduce costs (Oliveira
et al., 2014).
Maintenance management evolved from a stand-alone activity to a multifunctional
process and is given a strategic position in many institutions because of its importance in
achieving primary goals and a key aspect of effective management of buildings
(Adamu&Shakantu, 2016).
This is because maintenance ensures that the functional, structural and aesthetic conditions
of the built facilities are upheld, helps retain the value of the building, extends the
buildings life span, reduces the unnecessary failure of building elements, and makes the
property more enjoyable to occupy (Yong &Sulieman, 2015).
Hence maintenance management is a preventive management philosophy that needs to be
considered as a business function that provides opportunities to retain the quality, life, and
value of a facility or asset and improve cost, risk and productivity concern in organizations
(Alsyouf, 2017).

2.2. Theoretical Review

Ghana
A study from Ghana was designed to assess the current condition of public buildings,
identify the underlying principle causes of poor maintenance of public buildings, analyze
the maintenance policy and practice and capacity of the maintenance and estate
departments of public institutions and make suggestions and recommendations towards the
adoption of effective maintenance policy and innovations that would address the building
maintenance problem in public institutions.
The study has established that housing maintenance is a real problem among public
institutions in Ghana, with about 83 percent of all residential buildings of public
institutions surveyed having maintenance problems. The maintenance problems the study
observed have been influenced by the age of the buildings, lack or absence of a national
maintenance policy, inadequate funds and high cost of maintenance, low capacity of
maintenance staff, apathy and lack of patriotism on the part of occupants, pressure on
buildings due to the number of users among others. (Cobbinah, 2010)

6
  Palestine
The aim of the research was to study the maintenance performance indicators in order to
control the operation of hospital building maintenance in the Gaza Strip which was
prepared by Farida Emad El Shorafa (2013). Another objective of this research is to study
the operational conditions and factors that carried out and affect the maintenance
management and deriving a suitable framework for the minimum requirements. The
results showed that major of the maintenance department activities in hospitals buildings
is getting better and all the large-scale maintenance projects are corrective maintenance.
The study recommended developing a team vision for hospital maintenance department,
changing the work style and culture towards maintenance, making certified periodic
maintenance checklists, developing and implementing adequate KPIs for the Gaza strip
hospital status.
 Nigeria
A study was held by Afolarin, (2012) in South-West, Nigeria covered 46 public hospitals
representing to examine the labor composition for maintenance works in the public
hospital buildings in South-West, Nigeria, and in the process identified if there are any
significant differences in the execution of maintenance works using outsourcing and in-
house labor. 40% of the total number of existing public hospitals based on stratified
random sampling technique.
Data collected were analyzed using mean item score, and spear rank correlation
coefficient. Findings of the study revealed that the staff strength of the maintenance
departments is inadequate and they are not experienced on hospital maintenance
management.
Majority of the users of public hospital buildings do not have access to any training on
effective use of hospital facilities. The skills considered necessary for an effective
maintenance manager in executing maintenance operations in public hospitals are also
revealed. The cause of low motivation in executing the desired maintenance programs was
also established.

2.3. Theoretical Framework

According to Rydell (1970), operating expense and maintenance are one of the major
constituents of factors affecting maintenance management.
Nowadays, an issue about the public buildings’ maintenance management is often
discussed due to the continuous increase in building deterioration and maintenance cost. In

7
order to reduce the maintenance failure, building managers or maintenance manager
should adapt some strategies by minimizing the number of maintenance tasks.
Based on the literature to be reviewed, this study was adopting the factors of affecting
maintenance management and a framework was developed to accomplish the resolution of
this study were examining the influence of the selected number of factors on maintenance
management practice performance in hospitals buildings, which were valid in Saudi
Arabia, Nigeria, and Ghana. As shown in the framework below, the dependent variable is
maintenance management performance, and the independent variables are factors affecting
maintenance. Rydell (1970),
A study of the works of researchers and planners, who have contributed to an
understanding of the characteristics of scheduled maintenance helps to identify their
desirable attributes. The results of some surveys carried out to assess the needs and
opinions of scheduled maintenance actual users also throw some procedures on the
desirable characteristics. An analysis of the existing evaluation methods developed by
various researchers helps to list out the important parameters which have been used to
assess scheduled maintenance.
These parameters, in turn, help to gain an understanding of the requirements of an ideal
scheduled maintenance.

2.4. Types of Maintenance

Broadly there are two main types of maintenance categories that can further be sub-
divided into various maintenance-Type groups.

2.4.1. Preventive Maintenance

Preventive maintenance seeks out and repairs more minor issues and decreases the
occurrence of major repairs.

2.4.2. under corrective Predetermined Maintenance

Predetermined maintenance follows a plan of action created by the manufacture of
equipment, rather than scheduled maintenance laid out by a maintenance team.
Maintenance, maintenance teams get to work as soon as a problem occurs. The goal of
corrective maintenance is to bring systems back to regular operation as quickly as
possible. With corrective maintenance, there is no program for regular maintenance. A
problem must be present before maintenance occurs may take on aspects of all other
maintenance types.

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2.4.3 Condition-Based Maintenance

As the name implies, condition-based maintenance focuses on outcomes through

measurement or observation. Machines have a range of normal operating conditions.
Within that range, the operation is acceptable. Near the edges of that range, maintenance
may be required.

2.5 Major method of maintenance and causes of cracks in building

It occurs when a material strains under stress. When two materials changing different
properties /build together under the effects of loads then different shear stress in these
materials create cracks of the future.
Dead and live loads and the major causes of elastic deformation in any structural
components of a building, (Nadin, 2013).

2.6 Moisture changes and variation

As a general rule, most of the building materials having pores in the mortar, burnt clay
bricks, some stones, timber etc. expand on absorbing moisture and shrink on drying. these
movements are reversible, that is cyclic in nature and is caused by increase or decrease in
the inner-pore pressure with moisture changes, extent of movement depending on
molecular structure and porosity of a materials, (Kunal,2014).
Building materials majority have pores in their burnt clay bricks, mortar, some stores etc.
these materials expand on absorbing moisture and contract or shrink on drying.
A review on causes, preventive, repair and maintenance of cracks in building (residential)
and commercial). International research journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
Volume, 04 issue ll. Airoli, Navimumber, India).
Movement due to creep Some building items, such as concrete, brickwork, and timber,
when subjected to sustained loads not only undergo instantaneous elastic deformation, but
also exhibit a gradual and slow time-dependent deformation known as creep plastic strain
(institution code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete 2000).

2.7 Cracking due to vegetation

Existence of vegetation, such as fast-growing trees in the vicinity of compound walls can
sometimes cause cracks in walls due to expansive action of roots growing under the
foundation.
Roofs of a tree generally spread horizontally on all sides of to the extent of

9
Height of the tree above the ground and when trees are located close to a wall, these
should always be viewed with suspicion, (Kunal, 2014).

2.8 Shrinkage
Most of the building materials expand when they absorb moisture from atmosphere and
shrink when they and dry Shrinkage can be of plastic or dry. The factors causing
Shrinkage in cement concrete and cement mortar and their prevention were as following.
• Excessive water, the quantity of water used in the mortar mix can cause shrinkage
vibrated concrete has less quantity of water and lesson Shrinkage that mutually compacted
concrete.
• Quality of cement, as a general rule, the rider the mix was, the greater the
shrinkage/durable wire, (Per.Crik, 1998)

CHAPTER THREE
Research Design and Methodology
Introduction

10
This chapter aims at elaborating the Research Design and methodological process that used
to carry out the research based on the objective of the study. The chapter defines the study
area, the research design, and sample size, source of data and analysis methods of the
research. This chapter deals with description of the study area, research design, sources
and type of data, population of the study, sampling, instrument of data collection,
procedure of data collection, study variables, data processing, analysis and
interpretation.

3.1. Description of the Study area

Adama was a city in central oromia region, Ethiopia. Adama forms a special zone of
oromia and is surrounded by east shoa zone. It was located at 8.54°n 39.27°e at an
elevation of 1712 meters, 99km southeast of oromia Addis Ababa. The city found between
the base of an escarpment to the west and the Great Rift Valley to the east.
Schedule maintenance in Adama Polly technical college Building construction Block two
project design was used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the
research project; the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of
assignment, work together to try to address the central research questions. Our project was
constructing in Adama Poly Technique Colleges Block two.

3.2. Research Design

Research design is the science and art of planning procedures for conducting studies so as
to get the most valid findings. Determining your research design will give you a detailed
plan, which you will use to guide and focus your research. There are different research
design approaches depending on different criteria. Researcher would have chosen the one
which is appropriate for their study. Moreover, the topic present how the current study has
design and provides a comprehensible description of the specific steps that were taken to
address the research problem. The primary purpose of this study was to eliminate the crack
and leakage places for Adama poly technique college building construction Block two.
The project would be implemented in one phase where this phase would needed three
months for the detail Observation.

3.3 Working activities and Procedure

1. Clean the cracks: -use the wire brush or compress air remove any debris, dust or loose
material from the crack.

11
2. Prepare the crack: -use a chisel, hammer or other suitable tools to wide the crack
slightly.
3. Mix the filler material; this may involve mixing a cement based on batching compound,
epoxy or other suitable materials with water or catalyst.
4. Fill the crack; use the trowel or putty knife to apply the filler material in cracks.
5. Smooth the surface; after filling the crack use the trowel to smooth the surface of the
filler materials.
6, curing; instruction regarding the curing time for filler materials.
7, Finish the surface; it is to insure a uniform appearance.

3.4 0peration and testing

There are several types of tests that can be conducted to help schedule maintenance
activities effectively.
1, Condition based monitoring; this includes vibrations analysis, oil analysis,
thermography testing and infrared imaging by analyzing data collection.
2, performance testing; it is involves evaluating the performance equipment or system
under normal operation conditions.
3, Environmental testing; environmental testing is involves assessing the impact of
environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, corrosion, and other conditions.

3.5 Evaluation the work

The evaluation process helps in determining whether the maintenance schedule is achiving
its intended goal and any necessary adjustment for improvement such as performance
matrices, compliance with schedule, cost analysis and equipment reliability.

3.6. Population study

Stu4dy population is a sub-set of the target population from which the sample is actually selected.
Schedule maintenance consists essentially of rich cement and possesses good wearing properties
and facility of easy cleaning and maintenance which make it suitable for use in offices, schools,
and light industrial buildings. Depending upon the amount of load and the degree of weather
resistance needed, the wall finish has to be laid in various thicknesses and a careful selection has
to be made regarding mix proportions, panel sizes and number of layers. The target population for
the study will be Schedule maintenance in Adama Poly Technic College .Since the number of
target populations is 156and finds to be manageable the researcher has will be census from
population sampling techniques.

12
Among those total 156 populations the researcher will collect data by using purposive sampling
technique which allows the researcher to use judgmental sampling. As result for the primary data
which collect by questionnaire, the researcher will select 125 samples from Adama Poly Technic
College workers and trainees collect data.

3.7. Sample and Sampling Technique

The researcher has to specify the elements from which the desired information is
collected and how these elements are selected. There are different sampling
techniques the researcher is expected to consider all of them and select the one,
which is appropriate for the current study. Justification of his choice of a particular
sampling technique is relevant here. The sample size should also be specified with
its method of sample size determination.

3.8. Sample size

Determination of Sample Size

The following formula is presented to have a scientific determination of sample size.

Ss=NV+[Se2(1-P)]/ NSe+[V2p(1-P)]

Where:

Ss= sample size

N= Total number of population

V= Standard value (2.58) at 1 percent level of probability with 0.99 reliability

Se= Sampling error (0.01)

P = Largest possible proportion (0.50)

The formula is workable when the population is more than100.

For an illustration of formula (above), the steps are as follows:

Step1. Determine the total population (N) as assumed subjects of the study.

Step2. Get the values of V (2.58), Se (0.01), and P(0.50).

Step3. Complete the sample size using the formula above.

13
For instance, the total population (N) is 156, the standard value (V) at 1 percent level of
probability is 2.58 with 99% reliability and has sampling error (Se) of 1 % or 0.01 and the
proportion (P) of a target population is 50% of 0.50.

Then, the sample size is computed as follows:

Given: N=156

V=2.58

Se=0.01

P = 0.50

NV +[Se 2 ( 1−P ) ]
Ss= =
NSe +[V 2 P ( 1−P ) ]

156∗2.58+(0.01)2 ( 1−0.5 ) ¿ ¿ 402.48

156∗0.01+[ ( 2.58 ) 2∗0.5 ( 1−0.5 ) ] = 3.224 = 125

Ss = 125

3.9Method Data Collection

Primary data were used for the scheduling maintenances of project success of
selected Administration office block two witch design descriptive, in Adama poly technic college.
The primary data represents firsthand information obtained from respondents who
works for the teams of projects; those are graduated class student. This study was used the primary
sources obtained from the client and trainers in Adama poly techniques college.

Sources of Data

Multiple data sources were used for the purpose of studying the different dimensions of the
research objective. Therefore, data was categorized as primary and secondary. Thus, data were
collected from both source to extract various issues that helped to assess the raised issues in the
research objectives and questions.

3.10. Primary Data Sources

Primary data was collected from the selected employer and employee in Adama
Polytechnic College.

3.11. Secondary Data Sources

Secondary data was collected from the official documents, books, journals articles,
literature review.

14
3.12. Method of Data Collection
The data collection methods for the study grouped in to the following sections. These were
described in research techniques as follows.

3.12.1. Questionnaires
In line with the objectives of the study, the purpose of the questionnaire is to obtain
information concerned about schedule maintenance block two administration office in
Adama Polly technical college.
The questionnaires were distributed using simple random sampling. This type of data
gathering instrument helped to gather data from a large number of population groups. The
method was providing respondents to be free and provide their opinion.

3.12.2 Interview
In view of that purposeful sampling is a technique widely used in qualitative research for
the identification and selection of information-rich cases for the most effective use of
limited resources so, concerned stakeholders will be selected from the study area.
It involves identifying and selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are
especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon of interest. Thus,
interview involved the use of a set of predetermined questions.

3.12.3 Methods of data Analysis

With regards to this study, the data collected were edited for accuracy and complete
before they would be subjected to analysis.
This type of research was analyzed the responses through tabulations and figures by using
Statistical Package for Social Sciences version software and Microsoft office excel 2010.
In analyzing the data, answers from different respondents and information obtained from
documents were thoroughly checked out and compared to establish their validity; the
study analyzed the questionnaire, by using quantitative methods. However, the data from
interview was analyzed quantitative numeric nature. Moreover relative Importance Index
(RII) used to analyze and determine the current practice of apply schedule maintenance
with a special emphasis on the specific objectives of the research that is the critical factor
for the choice of apply schedule maintenance in Adama Poly Technic College.

15
 Research question or
problem of the statement

Literature review

Data collection Source of data

Conclusion and
Result Observation
recommendation

Figure 1: Drawing for research methodology

3.12 .4 Observation
Brief description of the observed build cracks on Adama polytechnic administration office Block

two. Adama poly Technique Building Block Two office building has one block, and
building has one floors. The floors basement is named as Fb; the ground floor was name
Building Block Two. The structural frame members consist of beams, columns, and
totally, it consists of members. The basement floor has a retaining wall that links the
basement floor to the ground floor. Dormant cracks have been appeared on the building
but the most predominant types of cracks are dormant.

During the observation, a diagonal crack was seen on the front wall of the building near to
the gait (entrance) of the building. This crack was observed near to the entrance of the
building. In addition, a diagonal crack was also observed near to- entrance and main board
(bracer) room the causes of the cracks were due to both plastic and to drying shrinkage.
The plastic shrinkage is caused due to water ratio is so much Too much water will take up
space, causing the solid ingredients of the mix to separate.

The drying shrinkage was caused due to the contracting of a hardened concrete mixture
which resulted due to the loss of capillary. The drying shrinkage cracks were occurred due
to the properties and proportions of components, as well as mixing manner, in addition,
It can be resulted because of the amount of moisture; while curing dry environment. (As
seen externally) (As observed externally) the crack is wider at the top and become narrow
as it travels downward. The cause of the crack may appear when it is bu88ilt on shrinkage
clay soil like block cotton soil and shallow foundation

16
Figure 2Picture of vertical crack for walls
Based on the observation, the types of cracks at column building block two. The vertical
cracks which were observed around the column were due to the expansion joints.
In addition to the horizontal cracks that were occurred due to the excessive unbalanced
soil pressure, the second causes to the occurrence of cracks on the walls on floor building
block two.
In addition to the horizontal cracks that were occurred due to the beam in cause of
settlement and expansion joint on horizontal beams.

Figure 3: Diagonal crack horizontal cracks

Other types of cracks at external wall on building block two. The diagonal and horizontal
cracks which were observed around the wall were due to the center of wall.

17
In addition to the horizontal cracks that causes to the occurrence soil expansion of cracks
on the walls of floor.

Figure 4: Random deterioration

Under this maintains schedule we observed and maintained deterioration of wall on center
of entrance left side area or first landing. The random deterioration cracks which were
observed around the walls were due to the center of wall.
In addition to the random deterioration was occurred the deterioration of third coat plaster
on the walls of floor building block two lack of surface preparation, lack of mortar ratio
and Lack of adequate curing system.
Moreover, random cracks were observed on walls in the external building. The main cause
to this crack may be due to moisture movement of shrinkage soil (block cotton

3.13. Technique for maintaining of walls and structural cracks

For cracks of width of micro-cracks less than 0.2mm, it is the most simple technique used
and to apply brush polymer or to apply elastomeric sealant on the surface in order to
prevent moisture content, carbon dioxide and other harmful materials. But the main
drawback is that it belongs to repair only shallow surfaces and not deep cracks and cracks
not suitable to water pressure.
Cementation grouting method
It is used for repair of wide cracks. It is a mixture of cementation material and water that is
proportioned to produce a proper consistency. Cement-based grouts are available in a wide
range of consistencies; therefore, the methods of application are different for different

18
material. This type of material do not require skilled worker or special equipment to apply,
safe to handle and economical.
These materials tend to have similar properties to the parent concrete and mortar,
Due to subsequent hydration of cementation materials at fracture surfaces. The main
disadvantage is that this material shrinks.
These are not suitable for structural repairs of active cracks. For application of
cementation grouts generally, some form of routing and surface preparation, such as
removal of loose debris are needed. Grouts are generally to be mixed to a proper
consistency by using a drill and proper mixer, and the consistency may be adjusted
thereafter. Application should be done by hand toweling or dry packing into vertical and
overhead cracks to fill all pores and voids .Finally, a suitable coating to be applied on the
repaired surfaces.

3.14 Material used for maintenance

Portland cement
The most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of,
mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from
Other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph asp din, and
are usually made from limestone. It is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and
clay minerals in a kiln form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding 2 to 3 percent of
gypsum. Several types of Portland cement are available. The most common, called
ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is grey, but white Portland cement is also available. Its
name is derived from its resemblance to Portland stone which was quarried on the Isle of
Portland in Dorset, England. It was named by Joseph Asp din who obtained a patent for it
in 1824. However, his son William Asp din is regarded as the inventor of
"modern"Portland cement due to his developments in the1840s.
sand
Naturally occurring, water or wind born pieces of rock in buried or current streambeds or
dunes.Often rounded with smooth surfaces, other properties dependent on parent rock.
May be washed to remove undesirable Material may be screened to divide into desired
size groups. Classification of Natural Aggregates Rocks is classified according to origin
into three major groups.

19
 Mixing water for mortar
Water fit for drinking is generally suitable for making concrete. Substances in water that,
if present in large amounts, may be harmful are salt, oil, industrial wastes, alkali's,
sulphate, organic matter, silt, sewage. Tests by the sense of smell, sight or taste: should
reveal such impurities; however water of doubtful quality should be submitted for
laboratory analysis and test. Water-used in mortar mixes has two functions, the first is to
react chemically with the cement which will finally set and harden, and the second
function is to lubricate all other materials and make the concrete workable. The quality of
cement paste is determined by the proportion of water to cement (Water-cement ratio)
Cementation grouting method
It is used for repair of wide cracks. It is a mixture of cementation material and water that is
proportioned to produce a proper consistency. Cement-based grouts are available in a wide
range of consistencies; therefore, the methods of application are different for different
material. This type of material does not require skilled worker or special equipment to
apply, safe to handle and Economical. These materials tend to have similar properties to
the parent concrete and mortar, Due to subsequent hydration of cementation materials at
fracture surfaces. The main disadvantage is that this material shrinks.
These are not suitable for structural repairs of active cracks. For application of
cementation grouts generally, some form of routing and surface preparation, such as
removal of loose debris are needed. Grouts are generally to be mixed to a proper
consistency by using a drill and proper mixer, and the consistency may be adjusted
thereafter. Application should be done by hand trowel or dry packing into vertical and
overhead cracks to fill all pores and voids .Finally, a suitable coating to be applied on the
repaired surfaces.

3.15. Procedures of repair and schedule maintenance of crack Building

The following procedures shall be carried out to confirm comfortable building repair and
maintenance of crack.
• Clearing the maintaining and repair area
• Chiseling when it is necessarily
• Washing and preparing the surfaces
• Batching and mixing mortal used for plastering
• Plastering the horizontal and vertical walls crack and then Curing and setting time.

20
 Table 1: List Hand Tools
No Name of tools Unit Quantity
1 Trowels No 5
2 Meter No 4
3 Hammer No 7
4 Shovel No 3
5 Paint Brush No 5
6 Bucket No 4
7 Wheel barrow No 2
8 Float No 4
9 String Roll 3
10 Measuring box No 1
11 Sprit level No 2

21
 CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Introduction
This chapter presents the results of the study that were analyzed based on data collected
using questionnaires and interviews. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed
quantitatively and data from the interview were also analyzed using words (qualitative) in
accordance with data from the questionnaire.

4.1 Results and Discussions

In this section, the result of the descriptive analysis is presented. This section, analysis the
collected data and presents the results of research questions by describing them with literature
review. The technique adopted for analysis of the questioner and interview surveying is purposive
method. The questioner covered a wide range of topics and the analysis is based on selected result
in order to focus on the research objectives.

The analysis focuses on the contractual scope, employers and trainees. A total of 125
questionnaires were distributed to the selected organization and professionals. Most of the
respondents have wide experience profusions. Therefore, based on the above sampling method
and criteria, 30 samples were selected 112 completed questioners, 67 from trainees and 45
from staff support were received. The response rate was 112/125= 89.65% in addition one
supported professional of the sector and staff supports have been interviewed and their
responses have been supplements with questionnaire survey. The sample projects to be
studied here are road projects being undertaken in Adama Poly Technic College.

22
 Table 2: sample projects

No Respondent Population Sample Sample Tools of data

size Size Technique collection
1 Trainees 100 75 Purposive sampling Questionaries’
2 Employers 56 50 purposive sampling Questionaries’
Total = 156 = 125

Table 3 :Sample size of distribution and return rate of respondents

Questioners Questioners Return rate

Respondent Distribute Returnees

Trainees 75 67 89.3%

Employers 50 45 90%

Total 125 112 89.65%

Sample size of distribution and return rate of respondents

The data collect respondents, trainees = 75 and employers =50 the other code of data is the
dependent variable that is Schedule maintenance =1. Similarly, the independent variable
measured by level of very low, low, medium, high & very high.

Table 4: Sources of Data

Activity One to Three (1-3) liker scale RII (%) Rank

3 2 1
Q1 43 36 33 54% 2
Q2 40 37 35 69% 1
Q3 39 37 36 47% 3

23
The results that indicate the output relative importance index by using one to three (1-3)
liker scale which provided from sample respondent. In view of the statement there is
defect of the building block 2 (two) in Adama poly technic college like if Apply schedule
maintenance in Adama poly technique”69% we can make comfort maintenance in Adama
poly technique college 54%,the repair in wall maintenance is facility in Adama Poly
Technique college 47%respectivly.

no response10.4%

trainee 89.3%

Employers 90%
.
Figure 5 distribution of respondent by category

Table 5: Material of quantity

no Description quantity unit Unit price total

1 Cement 4 kg 1300 2600
2 Sand 6 M3 1000 6000
3 Gypsum 4 kg 1200 4800
4 Emulsion paint 4 gallon 500 2000
5 Nail 2 Pack 1000 1000
Total 16400

4.2. The output of our project

The output of our project has the following things. The first one is preparing the drawing;
the second result is clearing the maintaining and repair area. Third result is chisel and
maintains crack area .this project work which is comfort for Adama Ploy Technique
College.

24
  Clean the cracks: -use the wire brush or compress air remove any debris, dust or
loose material from the crack.
 Prepare the crack: -use a chisel, hammer or other suitable tools to widen the crack
slightly.
 Mix the filler material; this may involve mixing cement based on batching
compound, epoxy or other suitable materials with water or catalyst.
 Fill the crack; use the trowel or putty knife to apply the filler material in cracks.

4.3 Results of finding and analysis

Scheduling maintenance was any task was given a dead line and assigned to a
technician. It can either be a recurring task done at regular interval or time task.
 Higher personnel utilization since maintenance worker spends more time working.
 Increased asset life expectance as breakdowns are prevented.
 Reduce reliability as assets are kept in safe work condition.
 Lower maintenance cost as time is utilized efficiently and costly problem are
prevented

25
 CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary
This chapter provides a conclusion and recommendations for the application of scheduled
maintenances in Adama Polly Technique College in the case building block two. The
study aimed to explore the current maintenance practices, understand the perceptions of
faculty members and students, and analyze the data collected to identify areas for
improvement. Based on the findings and analysis presented in the previous chapters, it can
be concluded that there is a need for improving the application of scheduled maintenances
in the college. The current maintenance practices are inconsistent, with maintenance
activities being performed on an ad-hoc basis rather than following a planned schedule.
This leads to inefficiencies, increased downtime, and potential risks to the safety and
functionality of equipment and facilities.
The perceptions of faculty members and students also highlight the importance of
scheduled maintenances. While faculty members recognize the benefits of regular
maintenance, such as increased equipment lifespan and improved performance, they lack
awareness about the specific maintenance needs and procedures. Students, on the other
hand, have limited awareness of maintenance activities but express satisfaction with the
current practices.

26
5.1. Conclusion
Based on finding In conclusion, this study has highlighted the need for improving
the application of scheduled maintenances in Adama Polly Technique College.
 The finding provided aim to address the challenges identified and enhance the
maintenance procedures in the college.
 By implementing these finding the college can ensure better equipment
performance, reduced downtime, increased safety, and improved overall efficiency
in its operations. It is hoped that this study serves as a valuable resource for the
college in its efforts to enhance its maintenance practices.
 Scheduled and planned maintenance with their purpose and time revision of the
condition standard is annually in which time that department responds to
maintenance requests is mostly less than one month and from one to three month.
Generally the factors that affects effective maintenance of buildings lack of
improper usage of students, poor design, poor quality material, unbalanced
allocation of number of student and non-rigidity of the department structure.
 Challenges on implementation of building cracks Maintenance system in Adama
Polly technic college satellite campus related to controlling cost is energy costs,
maintenance costs and related to record keeping and data analysis is poor
advancement in using smart technologies and not using CMMS software to pick up
and report that data .challenge related to poor team Coordination is absence of
using facilities management the challenges on implementation of building cracks
 Maintenance system in Adama Polly technic college satellite campus related to
Emergency response and safety is non availability of emergency response plan for
fire and non-availability of emergency response plan for critical systems failure.
 On the wall we observed crack, dampness, peeling paint and on condition of
electrical installation we observed that there is a defect on electrical wires and
electrical shocks.
 Flickering Lights and shocking are happened. On condition of roof there is a roof
leakage, excess moisture and water puddle. The major defects we observed in the
block two room facilities are leakage, cracked.

27
5.2. Recommendations
Based on the conclusions drawn from the study, the following recommendations were
proposed to improve the application of scheduled maintenances in Adama Polly
Technique College:
1. Develop a comprehensive maintenance plan: The College should establish a structured
maintenance plan that outlines the frequency and types of maintenance activities required
for each equipment and facility. This plan should be communicated to all relevant
stakeholders and followed consistently.
2. Increase awareness and training: Faculty members and students should receive training
on the importance of scheduled maintenances and the specific procedures involved. This
will help enhance their understanding and enable them to contribute effectively to the
maintenance efforts.
3. Establish a dedicated maintenance team: To ensure proper implementation of scheduled
maintenances, a dedicated team should be formed within the college. This team should be
responsible for planning, executing, and monitoring maintenance activities, as well as
addressing any maintenance-related issues that arise.
4. Improve communication and collaboration: Effective communication between different
departments and stakeholders is crucial for successful maintenance practices. Regular
meetings and collaboration between faculty members, students, administrators, and
maintenance staff should be encouraged to share information, discuss challenges, and
coordinate efforts.
5. Invest in maintenance tools and technology: The College should consider investing in
modern maintenance tools and technology, such as computerized maintenance
management systems (CMMS) or asset management software. These tools can help
streamline maintenance processes, track equipment history, schedule tasks, and generate
reports for better decision-making

28
Reference
1. (Sherwin 2000) Management systems maintenance
2. (Waeyenbergh&Pintelon, 2002) the developed third generation considered maintenance
as “Profit contributor”.
3. Narayan (2003), defined maintenance as the preservation or restoration
4. Alshehri (2016) explained that maintenance is work undertaken to restore every facility
5. Mohan (2016), defines maintenance as work performed on an asset to preserve.
6. (Wahab&Basari, 2013).Maintenance is a combination of technical and administrative
actions contributing to the protection and satisfactory operation of the building
7. Abdul Lateef (2010) defines building maintenance, as the processes and services carried
out to preserve
8. (Oliveira et al., 2014). Maintenance management evolved from a stand-alone activity to
a multifunctional process
9. (Adamu&Shakantu, 2016). Primary goals and a key aspect of effective management of
buildings
10. (Yong &Sulieman, 2015). Hence maintenance management is a preventive
management philosophy
11. (Alsyouf, 2017). Facility or asset and improve cost, risk and productivity concern in
organizations
12. (Cobbinah, 2010).part of occupants, pressure on buildings due to the number of users
among others.
13. Farida Emad El Shorafa (2013).building maintenance in the Gaza Strip which was
prepared by
14. (Nadin, 2013).causes of elastic deformation in any structural components of a
building,
15. Rydell (1970), operating expense and maintenance are one of the major constituents
16. (Kunal, 2014). Movement depending on molecular structure and porosity of materials,
17. Habtamu &sisay) consequent decrease in workability and an increase in strength.
18. (verbeck and hemuth, 1968) Methods of curing of plaster

29
 Appendix I
Table 6 : time schedule

N March April

Activity

Week1 week2 Week3 Week Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4

4

1 Clearing the maintaining and repair area

Chiseling when it is necessarily

Washing and preparing the surfaces

4 Batching and mixing mortal used for plastering

5 Plastering the horizontal and vertical walls

crack

6 Curing and setting time

Appendix II

30
Federal Technical Vocational and Educational Institute Adama Polytechnic College
Satellite Campus.
Faculty of Civil Technology
Department Of Building Construction Technology
Questionnaire for staff and employer of Adama poly technic college.
Introduction
This Questionnaire is prepared to obtain information from key informant with semi
structure question .the information is required for academic research entitled “Apply
schedule maintenance in Adama polytechnic college which is being conducted as in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of science in Building
Construction Technology. The main objective of this Apply schedule maintenance in
Adama polytechnic college Building Block two. We are the recommendation based on
findings. The questioners Consist of three section .section A:General organization
information.section B:the awerness among the stakeholderabout the importance of
schedule maintenance.section C:to apply schedule maintenane in Adama poly technic
college Building Block two.at the end there is the space that left for generall comment
regarding the research topic.your responsable Consist of three sectionin this regard ,is
highly valuable and contiributary to the out come of research.All feedback will be kept
strictly confidentioal and utilizedfor this acadamic only.

Thank you
Our Groupe Under Post Graduate Studenta
Building construction Technology, Faculty of civil Technology, Building Construction
Technology.
Tel phone______________Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Dear customer is you interested to participate this study? Yes_________
section A:General organization information
Please put” x”mark in the box or fill the blank space in the box.
1.Name of organization is institite in working_________________________________
2.Gender male Femal

3. What is your current professional of firm is your working?

A, Staff employer B, Instructor C, Trainer D, Trainees
4. Relevant years’ of experiences in your positional work in this sector
A, High B, Less

31
B:the awerness among the stakeholderabout the importance of schedule
maintenance.section Please put” x”mark in the box or fill the blank space in the box. If
your answer of section Awill be answeres yes >5 if your be no<5.
1.Did you think it is neccesary to raise awerrness about importance of schedule
maintenance in Adama polly Techniq College Building Block Two?yes or
no
2.Did you think that Apply schedule maintenance in Adamaa poly technic college block
two repair?
Yes or no
Thank you very much on behalf of our group for answering our question. Note if you have
question or comment please let us know on narrative. section C:to apply schedule
maintenane in Adama poly technic college Building Block two.

Table 7:questioner’s format

no Exllent v.good good poor V,poor
1 Do you like if Apply schedule
maintenance in Adama poly technique
2 Are you sure comfort maintenance in
Adama poly technique college
3 Are you repair in wall maintenance is
facility

Thank you very much on behalf of our group for answering to our group questions
Note: if you have any input you think could be useful for research please write in detail on
our article page and we will be take your feedback and work to; further improve our
research to the users!

Narrative questions
1, can you write us your understanding about Apply scheduled maintenance before this
time
_______________________________________________________________________
2, how useful is this project to aesthetic of your collage to eliminate defect of building in
to attractive and satisfaction for
employers ,_______________________________________________________________

32
33