1

1
y

x
1
The diagram above shows the graph of y = for x > 0 , together with a set of ( n − 1 ) rectangles
x2
of unit width, starting at x = 1 .

(i) By considering the areas of these rectangles, explain why

n
1 1 1  1 dx ,
+ + ... + <  2
22 32 n2 1 x
where n is an integer greater than 1.
[1]
n
(ii)
 1 1 1 1
Find  2 dx in terms of n. Deduce that 2 + 2 + 2 + ... < 2 . [2]
1 x 1 2 3

2 It is given that f ( x ) = x3 ln a + bx 2 + cx + d , where a, b, c and d are constants. The curve with

 5 320 
equation y = f ( x ) has a minimum point with coordinates  ,  . When this curve is translated
 3 27 
1 unit in the negative x-direction, it has a maximum point with coordinates ( 0, 12 ) . Find the values
of a, b, c, and d. [4]

x2 − 1
3 Find the exact area of the region A which is bounded by the curve y = , the horizontal lines
x
1 3
y= , y= , and the y-axis as shown in the diagram.
2 2
y
y=1

O x
1 [4]

9758/01/Prelim/2018
 2

4 (a) State a sequence of transformations which transform the curve with equation
( x − 3)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 1 to the curve with equation
( x − 6 )2 + ( y + 3) 2 = 1. [2]
42 52 82 52
(b)

The diagram shows the graph of y = f ( x ) . The curve crosses the x-axis at A, and has a minimum
point at B. The coordinates of A and B are ( a, 0 ) and ( b, 2 ) respectively, where a < 0 and b > 0 .
The line y = 2 x and y-axis are the asymptotes to the curve.
Sketch on separate diagrams, the graphs of
(i) y = f '( x) , [3]
1
(ii) y= , [3]
f ( x)
showing clearly, in terms of a and b where possible, the equations of any asymptote(s), the
coordinates of any turning point(s) and any point(s) where the curve crosses the x - and y -
axes.

5 (i) Let y = ln(e x + 1) .

2
d2 y
dy  dy 
Show that 2
−
+  =0. [2]
dx dx  dx 
(ii) By further differentiation of the result in part (i), find the first four non-zero terms in the
Maclaurin series for y . [5]
ln(e x + 1)
(iii) Hence, expand 2
in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in x 3 . Leave
4− x
the coefficients of the series in exact form. [3]

9758/01/Prelim/2018
 3

6 2− x
(a) Find  4 + x2 dx . [3]

1 1
(b) Use the substitution x = tan y to find the exact value of 0 1 + x2
dx . [4]

2 x3 3
(c) Write down x e dx . Hence find  x5e x dx . [4]

7 The function f is defined by

f : x a x 2 + 4 x − 5, for x ≤ k , k ∈ ¡ .
−1
(i) Find the largest exact value of k such that f exists. For this value of k, define f −1 in a
similar form. [4]

Another function g is defined by

4 − x 2 , for 0 < x ≤ 2
g:x a 
2 x − 4, for 2 < x ≤ 4
and that g(x) = g(x + 4) for all real values of x.
(ii) Sketch the graph of y = g ( x ) for −1 < x ≤ 7 . [3]
(iii) Using the results in part (i) and (ii), explain why composite function f −1g exists and find the
exact value of f −1g ( 6) . [4]

8 The logistic model for population growth states that the rate of growth of the population can be
written as:
dP  P
= cP 1 −  ,
dt  K
where c is the proportionality constant, P is the size of population (in billions) at time t (in years
after 2010), K is the carrying capacity (in billions). The carrying capacity is the maximum
population that the environment is capable of sustaining in the long run.

At the start of 2010, the population of the world was about 7 billion. Many scientists estimated the
Earth has a maximum capacity of 10 billion people, based on the calculation of the earth’s available
resources. It is assumed that when the population of the world is 9 billion, the rate of growth of the
9
population is .
1750
dP 1
(i) Show that = P (10 − P ) . [2]
dt 1750
(ii) Use the logistic model to predict the world population at the start of 2020. [6]
(iii) After how many complete years will the world population first exceed 8.5 billion? [3]
(iv) Sketch a graph of P against t, where t ≥ 0 . [2]

9758/01/Prelim/2018
 4

9 x2 − 4 x + 1 7
The curve C has equation y = , x∈¡ , x ≠ − .
2x + 7 2
(i) Without using a calculator, find the set of values of y that C can take. [3]
(ii) Sketch C, stating the equations of any asymptotes, the coordinates of the points where
the curve crosses the axes and the coordinates of the turning points. [4]
(iii) By drawing a suitable graph on the same diagram, solve the inequality
4 x − x2 − 1 1
> .
2x + 7 ( x + 1)2 [3]

10 In order to render the position of a shadow cast by an object on a wall in virtual reality, the concept
of vector projection is used. When an object is placed between a point source of light and a wall, its
shadow is projected onto the wall as shown in the diagram (not drawn to scale) below.

A triangular object OAB has O as the origin, A ( −23, 16, 10 ) and B ( −9.5, 6.5, 10.5) on the same
plane where it is placed between the point source of light, P (11, − 22, − 10 ) , and the wall. Light
rays l A , lB and lO start at point P, passing through points A, B and O respectively and projecting their
respective images A ', B ' and O ' onto the wall.

A
B
P
O
Wall Point source
of light

Given that the coordinates of A ' is ( −40, 35, 20 ) and the line that passes through A’ and B’ is
parallel to the vector 10i + 11k ,

(i) Find the coordinates of the point B ' . [4]

It is given that the light ray l O is perpendicular to the wall.

(ii) Find the equation of the plane O ' A ' B ' in scalar product form. Show that coordinates of O ' is
given by ( −22, 44, 20 ) . [4]
(iii) Hence or otherwise, find the exact distance between point P and the wall. [2]
(iv) Are the planes OAB and O ' A ' B ' parallel? Justify your answer. [2]

9758/01/Prelim/2018
 5

11 It is given that z = − 1 is a root of the equation

2
( ) ( )
8z3 + 4 − 4 2 z 2 + 2 − 2 2 z + 1 = 0 .

The roots of the equation are denoted by z1, z2 , z3 , where arg ( z1 ) < arg ( z2 ) < arg ( z3 ) .
iθ
(i) Find z1 , z2 and z3 in the exact form re , where r > 0 and − π < θ ≤ π . [6]

π
The complex number w has modulus 2 and argument .
24
w2
(ii) Find the modulus and argument of z 4 , where z4 = . [3]
z1

The complex numbers z2 , z3 and z4 are represented by the points Z2 , Z3 and Z 4 respectively in an
Argand diagram with origin O.

(iii) Mark, on an Argand diagram, the points Z2 , Z3 and Z 4 . [2]

(iv) By considering sin ( A − B ) with suitable values of A and B, show that

π  2
sin   =
 12  4
(
3 −1 . ) [1]

Hence or otherwise, find the exact area of the quadrilateral OZ3Z4 Z2 . [2]

⎯ END Of PAPER ⎯

9758/01/Prelim/2018
 1

Section A: Pure Mathematics [40 marks]

1 (i) The sum of the first n terms of a sequence is given by S n = n(2n + 7) .

Show that un = 4n + 5 and prove that the sequence is an Arithmetic Progression. [2]
N
1
(ii) Find  u n +1 + u n
in terms of N, where un is the nth term of the arithmetic series
[4]
n =1

in part (i).
1 1 1
(iii) Hence find the exact value of + +L + . [2]
53 + 49 57 + 53 361 + 357

uuur uuur
2 The origin O, and the points A and B lie in the same plane where OA = a and OB = b . It is given
π
that a = 1 , b = 2 and the angle between a and b is radians. The point F is the foot of the
3
perpendicular from A to the line segment passing through O and B.
uuur
(i) Find OF in terms of b only. [4]
(ii) It is given that C is the point of reflection of A about the line segment passing through
O and B. Find the position vector of C in terms of a and b.
Hence, state with a reason, the shape of the quadrilateral OABC and show that its exact
[4]
area is 3.

3 An airport proposes to collect passenger service fee from each traveller to fund an upgrading project
for the airport. The upgrading project is expected to cost $ 1, 000, 000.

The proposal is to collect a fee of $5 per traveller from 1 January 2019, and increase this fee by
$2.50 on 1 January of every subsequent year. It is given that the airport handles 10, 000 travellers a
year and that there is no change in the number of travellers every year.

(i) According to this proposal, find the earliest year in which the airport reaches its
target of $ 1, 000, 000. [4]

However, representatives from the airline industry strongly object to the above proposal.
Consequently, the airport decides to allocate funds from its reserve investment revenue every year
to finance the upgrading project instead, starting from the year 2019.
The allocated fund in 2019 is $50, 000. Due to increases in other expenditures, the allocated fund is
expected to decrease by 6% of the allocated fund in the previous year, such that the allocated fund
is $47, 000 in 2020, $44, 180 in 2021 and so on.

(ii) Find the total allocated fund collected in the years from 2024 to 2030, giving your
[3]
answer correct to nearest dollar.
(iii) Will the airport eventually collect enough to fund the upgrading project? Justify your
[3]
answer.
 2

4.

Figure 1 Figure 2

2 2
 x  y
Figure 1 shows the upper-half of an ellipse with equation   +   = 1 , and region A bounded
r h
by the ellipse and the axes in the first quadrant.

(i) Show that the volume V of the solid of revolution generated by rotating region A through
2
2π radians about the y-axis, is V = π r 2 h . [3]
3

(ii) The ellipse can also be represented by parametric equations x = r cosθ , y = h sin θ , where
0 ≤ θ ≤ π . Show that the equation of the tangent to the ellipse at point P (r cos α , h sin α ) , is
h 
y = −  cot α  x + h cosecα . [4]
r 

Figure 2 shows a fixed right circular cone of height 5 and base radius 3, which contains an inscribed
2 2
 x  y
hemi-ellipsoid generated by rotating the region that is bounded by the ellipse   +   = 1 and
r h
the x-axis through π radians about the y axis.
5
(iii) Given that the line y = − x + 5 , the slanted edge of the cone joining points (3, 0) and (0, 5),
3
2 2
 x  y
is a tangent to the inscribed ellipse   +   = 1 , deduce that the base radius r and height
r h
2 2
h r
h for the inscribed hemi-ellipsoid is related by the equation   +   = 1 . [3]
 5 3

(iv) Find the exact value of height h for which the volume of the inscribed hemi-ellipsoid is a
maximum as h varies. [4]
 3

Section B: Probability and Statistics [60 marks]

5 In a supermarket game, ten randomly selected shoppers are allowed 15 minutes each to search for
mystery items hidden amongst the supermarket shelves. Each shopper is allowed to find at most one
1
mystery item. On average the probability that a shopper will find a mystery item is where
p
1< p < 2 .
(i) State, in the context of this question, an assumption needed to model the number of
shoppers who find a mystery item by a binomial distribution. [1]

Assume now that part (i) holds.

15
( )
7
The probability that three of the ten shoppers find a mystery item is 2 −1 .
4
(ii) Find the value of p. [2]

The supermarket conducts this game n times.

(iii) Find the least value of n such that there is a probability of more than 0.01 that in more
than two of the games, three of the ten shoppers find a mystery item in a game. [3]

6. Five fair coins are tossed together in one throw. The number of tails and heads obtained in one throw
are denoted by T and H respectively. The random variable X denotes T – H.
5
(i) Show that P( X = 1) = and hence find the probability distribution of X. [3]
16
(ii) State the value of E( X ) and find the value of Var( X ) . [2]

A player pays $1 for one throw. He receives nothing if the difference between the number of tails
and heads obtained is less than three, receives $2 if the difference is equal to three, and receives $k
if the difference is more than three.
(iii) Find the value of $k if the expectation of the player’s profit is $10. [2]

1 1 1
7 (a) For events A and B, it is given that P( B) = , P( A ∩ B) = and P( A '∩ B ') = .
3 5 6
Find P( A | B ') . [3]

(b) A seven-digit number is formed by writing down the digits 1, 2, 2,3, 4,5,5 in some
order. Find how many of such numbers can be formed if
(i) the two ‘5’s are not next to each other, [2]
(ii) there are exactly three digits between the two ‘5’s, [3]
(iii) the number is an odd number between 1 000 000 and 2 000 000 . [3]
 4

8 In a neuroscience study, researchers investigate the relationship between brain mass, x kilograms
and Intelligence Quotient index, y. The table below shows the data of a random sample of 10 people.

x 1.196 1.342 1.399 1.476 1.493 1.504 1.521 1.568 1.582 1.601
y 73 82 98 109 114 119 128 138 142 148

(i) Draw the scatter diagram for these values, labelling the axes clearly.
[1]

It is thought that the intelligence quotient, y can be modelled by one of the formulae
y = a + bx or y = c + dx 2
where a, b, c and d are constants.
(ii) Find the value of the product moment correlation coefficient between
(a) x and y, [1]
(b) 2
x and y. [1]
(iii) Use your answers to parts (i) and (ii) to explain which of y = a + bx or y = c + dx is
2

the better model. Hence, calculate the equation of the least squares regression line of
the suitable model you have found. [3]

(iv) Use the regression line found in part (iii) to estimate the value of Intelligence
Quotient index when the brain mass is 1500 grams.
Comment on the reliability of your answer. [2]

(v) An internet article claims that the neuroscience study shows that “heavier brain mass
leads to higher intelligence quotient”. Comment briefly on the validity of this
statement. [1]
 5

9 In a certain country, heights of males and females follow independent normal distributions. Heights
of males have mean 175 cm and standard deviation 10 cm, and heights of females have mean μ cm
and standard deviation σ cm.
(i) If the proportion of females shorter than 143 cm and the proportion of females taller
than 183 cm are both equal to 0.01114 , write down the value of μ and show that σ
is 8.75 , correct to 3 significant figures. [3]
(ii) If two females and one male are randomly chosen, find the probability that the sum of
the heights of the two females differ from twice the height of the male by at least 30
cm. [4]

Flight attendants and fighter pilots have strict height requirements due to the nature of their
professions. The national carrier of the country has a minimum height requirement of 155 cm and a
maximum of 185 cm for female flight attendants. Its air force has a minimum height requirement of
160 cm and a maximum of 192.5 cm for its male fighter pilots.
(iii) Two females and one male are chosen at random. Find the probability that the male
meets fighter pilot height requirement whereas only one female meets the female flight
attendant height requirement. [3]

During a group interview conducted by the national carrier, all female candidates wear standard
shoes with 5 cm heels. A random sample of 15 female candidates is chosen.
(iv) Find the probability that the average height of the sample of female candidates wearing
standard shoes is greater than 170 cm. [3]

10 In a large busy restaurant, the mean time taken for a server to clear a table and set it for the next
guest is 4.5 minutes. In order to improve the quality of service and maintain a clean environment,
the restaurant manager introduced a new routine to clear tables. A random sample of 30 servers is
taken and the time taken by each server to clear a table, x minutes, is recorded. The data are
summarised as follows:
 x = 132 and  x 2 = 583.96 .
(i) Find unbiased estimates of the population mean and variance. [2]
(ii) Test, at the 10% significance level, whether the mean time taken for a server to clear
a table has changed. [5]
(iii) Using the results in part (ii), state the range of values of α , where α % is the level of
significance, at which a test would lead the manager to conclude that the mean time
has not changed. [1]
(iv) Without carrying out another test, state with reasons, the conclusion if the test at 5%
significance level was to determine whether the mean time taken to clear a table is
less than 4.5 minutes. [2]

After a few weeks, based on feedback from servers and guests, the manager modifies the routine.
Another random sample of 30 servers is taken and their time taken to clear a table has mean x
minutes and variance 1.01 minutes2.
(v) Find the set of values of x for which a test at 1% significance level concludes that the
mean time taken to clear a table is greater than 4.5 minutes, giving your answer to 3
decimal places. [4]

- END OF PAPER -
 CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE
H2 MATHEMATICS
2018 JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION PAPER I SOLUTION

1(i) Use given sketch of the graph of y = 1

, together with an array of vertically-aligned rectangles,
x2
each of width 1, inscribed beneath the curve :

From the diagram,

Area of first rectangle = length x breath = 12 × 1
2
Area of second rectangle 1
= 2 ×1
3
…
Area of (n - 1)th rectangle = 1 × 1
2
n
 Area under the curve y = 1 
Total area of ( n − 1) rectangles <  x2 
 over the interval 1 ≤ x ≤ n
 
n
+ 2 + ... + 2 < 
1 1 1 1
 2 dx
2 2
3 n 1 x
(ii) n
 1 dx =  x 
n −1
 2  
1 x  −1 1
n
 1
= − 
 x 1
 1   1
= −  −− 
 n   1
1
= 1−
n

Page 1 of 19
 n
1 1 1  1
Since 2 + 2 + ... + 2 <  2 dx = 1 −
1
2 3 n 1 x n
Adding 1 to both sides,
1 1 1 1  1
+ 2 + 2 + ... + 2 < 1 +  1 − 
 n
2
1 2 3 n
As the difference between both sides of this inequality
increases with n, as n → ∞,
1 1 1   1 
+ 2 + 2 + ... ... < lim  1 +  1 −  
 n 
2 n →∞ 
1 2 3
= 1 + (1 − 0) = 2 (shown)

2. Marking Scheme:
f ( x ) = x3 ln a + bx2 + cx + d
f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 ln a + 2 xb + c
 5 320 
At  , ,
 3 27 
3 2
5 5 5 320
  ln a + b   + c + d =
3 3 3 27
125ln a + 75b + 45c + 27 d = 320 −(1)
2
5 5
3   ln a + 2   b + c = 0
 3 3
25ln a + 10b + 3c = 0 −(2)
Let g ( x ) = f ( x + 1) = ( x + 1) ln a + b ( x + 1) + c ( x + 1) + d
3 2

g ' ( x ) = 3( x + 1) ln a + 2 ( x + 1) b + c
2

At ( 0, 12) ,
ln a + b + c + d = 12 −(3)
3ln a + 2b + c = 0 −(4)
Using GC and solve, ln a = 1, b = −4, c = 5, d = 10
∴ a = e, b = −4, c = 5, d = 10

3. To obtain area of region A, consider integrating w.r.t. y .

x2 − 1
y= ⇔ xy = x 2 − 1
x
where x, y > 0 ⇔ x2 y 2 = x2 − 1
⇔ 1 = x 2 (1 − y 2 )
1
⇔ x2 =
1 − y2
1
⇔ x=
1 − y2

Page 2 of 19
 3
2
1
∴ Area of A = 
1 1− y 2
dy
2
3

= sin −1 y  1
2

= sin −1 23 − sin −1 12
= π3 − π6 = π6

4(a) ( x − 3) ( y + 1)
2 2

+ =1
42 52
2
 x  
  2  − 3 ( y + 1)
2
  
x
Replace x with
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2
→  + =1
42 52
( x − 6) ( ( y + 2 ) + 1)
2 2
Replace y with y + 2
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ + =1
22 42 52
Stage 1: Scale parallel to the x-axis by factor 2.
Stage 2: Translate 2 units in the negative y-direction.
(Order does not matter in this case)

Alternative solutions:
( x − 3) ( y + 1)
2 2

+ =1
42 52
x 2 ( y + 1)
2
Replace x with x + 3
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ 2 + =1
4 52
2
 x
x   ( y + 1) = 1  x 2 + ( y + 1) = 1
2 2

→  2 +
Replace x with 2
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2
4 52 82 52
( x − 6) ( y + 1)
2 2
Replace x with x − 6
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ + =1
82 52
( x − 6) ( y + 3)
2 2
Replace y with y + 2
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → + =1
82 52
Stage 1: Translate 3 units in the negative x-direction.
Stage 2: Scale parallel to x-axis by factor 2.
Stage 3: Translate 6 units in the positive x-direction.
Stage 4: Translate 2 units in the negative y-direction.

Page 3 of 19
(b)(i)
y

O x

(ii)
y

O x

5(i) y = ln(e x + 1)

dy ex
= x
dx e + 1

d 2 y e x (e x + 1) − e x (e x )
=
dx 2 (e x + 1) 2
ex
=
(e x + 1)2

Page 4 of 19
The expression
2
d 2 y dy  dy 
2
ex ex  ex 
− +   = − +  
dx 2 dx  dx  (e x + 1) 2 e x + 1  e x + 1 
e x − e x (e x + 1) + (e x )2
=
(e x + 1)2
e x − (e x ) 2 − e x + (e x )2
=
(e x + 1) 2
= 0 (shown)

Alternative Method 1 (simpler)

y = ln(e x + 1)
dy ex
= x
dx e + 1
d 2 y e x (e x + 1) − e x (e x )
=
dx 2 (e x + 1) 2
ex (e x ) 2
= −
e x + 1 (e x + 1)2
2
dy  dy 
= − 
dx  dx 
2
d 2 y dy  dy 
∴ − +  =0 (shown)
dx 2 dx  dx 

Alternative Method 2 (via implicit differentiation)

y = ln(e x + 1)
e y = ex + 1
dy
Differentiating implicitly w.r.t. x, e y = ex
dx
Differentiating implicitly w.r.t. x,
 y dy  dy yd y
2
 e  + e 
 2 
 = ex
 d x  dx  dx 
 dy 
2
 d2 y  dy
e y   + e y  2  = e y
 dx   dx  dx

Multiplying throughout by e − y produces

2
 dy  d y dy
2
  + =
 dx  dx 2 dx
2
 dy  dy d y
2
  − + =0 (shown)
 dx  dx dx 2

Page 5 of 19
(ii) When x = 0 ,
y = ln(e + 1)
x
y = ln(e0 + 1) = ln 2
dy ex dy e0 1
= x = 0 =
dx e + 1 dx e + 1 2
d2 y ex d2 y e0 1
= = 0 =
dx 2 (e x + 1)2 dx 2
(e + 1) 2
4
2
d 2 y dy  dy 
Q − +  =0 ,
dx 2 dx  dx 
Differentiating this implicitly w.r.t. x produces
d3 y d 2 y  dy   d y 
2
− + 2    2  = 0
dx3 dx 2  dx   dx 

d3 y 1  1  1 
When x = 0 , − + 2    = 0
 2  4 
3
dx 4
d3 y
 =0
dx 3
Differentiating the above once more implicitly w.r.t. x,
d 4 y d3 y  d 2 y  d 2 y   dy   d 3 y  
− + 2  2   2  +    3   = 0
dx 4 dx 3  dx  dx   dx   dx  

When x = 0 ,
d4 y  1  1   1  
− 0 + 2    +   ( 0 )  = 0
 4  4   2  
4
dx
d4 y 1
 4
=−
dx 8
∴ The Maclaurin series for y
dy
= y x = 0 + dx (
x =0
)
 d2 y
x+ 2
 x2

 dx x = 0  2!
 d3 y  x3  d 4 y  x4
+ 3  + 4  4! + ...
 dx x = 0  3!  dx x=0 
2 3 4
= ln 2 + ( 12 ) x + ( 14 ) x2! + (0) x3! + (− 18 ) x4! + ...
= ln 2 + 12 x + 18 x 2 − 1912 x 4 + ...

(iii) ln(e x + 1)
= ln(e x + 1) (4 − x 2 ) −1
4− x 2

n ( n −1)
(1 + x ) n = 1 + nx + 2!
x 2 + ... , where −1 < x < 1 .

Page 6 of 19
 ( )
−1
(4 − x 2 ) −1 = 4−1 1 + (− x4 )
2

= 1
4 (1 + (−1)(− x2
4
)+
( −1)( −1−1)
2!
2
(− x4 ) 2 + ... )
= 1
4 (1 + 1
4
x 2 + ... )
= 14 + 161 x 2 ...

ln(e x + 1)
= ln(e x + 1) (4 − x 2 )−1
4−x 2

(
= ln 2 + 12 x + 81 x 2 ... )( 1
4
+ 161 x 2 ... )
= (ln 2) ⋅ 14 + ( 12 ⋅ 14 ) x + ( 18 ⋅ 14 + 161 ln 2 ) x2 + ( 12 ⋅ 161 ) x3...
= 14 ln 2 + 81 x + ( 32 1
+ 161 ln 2 ) x 2 + 32 1 3
x ...

6(a)
 2 − x dx

 4 + x2
−x
=  dx + 
2
  dx
 4+ x 2
 4 + x2
 1
= 2 dx +  −  
1 2x
 2  dx
 2 +x 2
 2   4 + x2
1  x  1
= 2  tan −1    − ln 4 + x 2 + C
2  2  2
x 1
= tan −1   − ln 4 + x 2 + C ,
2 2
where C is an arbitrary constant.

π
1 1 1
(b) 0 1+ x 2
dx =  4
0
1 + tan y 2
sec2 y dy

π
1
=4 sec 2 y dy
0 2
sec y
π
=  4 secy dy
0
π
=  ln secy + tan y  04
π π
= ln sec + tan − ln sec0 + tan 0
4 4
= ln ( 2 +1 )

Page 7 of 19
 1 1 3
x e 
2 x3 3
(c) dx = 3 x 2 e x dx = e x + C
3 3

 x e dx =  x x e
5 x 3
3 2 x
) dx
( 3

e 
 − x e ) dx
 3  (
x3
2 x3
=x  3

 
1 3 1 3
= x 3e x − e x + C
3 3
7(i) Largest value of k = − 2

Let y = f ( x )
y = x2 + 4 x − 5
= ( x + 2) − 9
2

x+2=± y+9
x = −2 ± y+9
Since x ≤ −2 , x = −2 + y + 9 is rejected.
∴ x = −2 − x + 9
Since D f = R f = [ −9, ∞ ) ,
−1

−1
f : x a −2 − x + 9, for x ≥ −9
(ii)

O ( 2,0) ( 6,0) x

(iii) R g = [ 0, 4]
D f −1 = [ −9, ∞ ) from part (i)
Since R g ⊆ D f , f −1g exists. −1

f g ( 6) = f
−1 −1
( 0)
= −2 − 9
= −5

Page 8 of 19
8(i) Given carrying capacity, K = 10
dP 9
When P = 9, =
dt 1750
dP P
Substituting into d.e. = cP(1 − )
dt K
9  9
= c9  1 − 
1750  10 
1  1
= c 
1750  10 
1
c=
175
dP 1  P
= P 1 − 
dt 175  10 
dP 1
= P (10 − P )
dt 1750
(ii) dP 1
= P (10 − P )
dt 1750
1 dP 1
 P (10 − P ) dt dt =  1750 dt
1 1
 P (10 − P ) dP = 1750 t + C
Method 1: By Partial Fractions
1 A B
Let = +
P (10 − P ) P 10 − P
1 1
So A = 10 and B = 10
1 1 1 1
 +
10 P 10 − P
dP =
1750
t +C
1
ln ( P ) − ln (10 − P ) = t + C since 0 < P < 10
175
 P  1
ln  = t +C
 10 − P  175
1
P t
= e ce175
10 − P
1
P t
= Be175 where B= ec
10 − P
1
t
175
10 Be
P= 1
t
1 + Be 175

Method 2: By Formula
1 1
 10P − P 2
dP =
1750
t +C
1 1
 52 − (P − 5)2 dP = 1750 t + C
Page 9 of 19
 1  5 + ( P − 5)  1
ln  = t + C since 0 < P < 10
2(5)  5 − ( P − 5)  1750
 P  1
ln  = t + 10C
 10 − P  175
1
P t
= e10 ce175
10 − P
1
P t
= Be175 where B= e10c
10 − P
1
t
10 Be175
P= 1
t
1 + Be175
Method 3: By Formula
1 1
 10P − P 2
dP =
1750
t +C
1 1
− dP = t +C
( P − 5) − 5
2 2
1750

−
1
ln
( P − 5) − 5 = 1 t + C since 0 < P < 10
2(5) ( P − 5) + 5 1750
P − 10 1
ln =− t − 10C
P 175
P − 10 −
1
t
= ±e − 10 c e 175
P
P − 10 −
1
t
= Ae 175
where A = ±e - 10c
P
1
− t
P − 10 = PAe 175

1
− t
P − PAe 175
= 10
10
P= 1
− t
1 + ( − A)e 175

1
t
10( − A) −1 e 175
P= 1
t
( − A) −1 e175 + 1
1
t
175
10 Be
P= 1
where B = (-A) - 1
t
1 + Be 175

At start of 2010, let t = 0, then P = 7

10 B
7=
1+ B
7 + 7 B = 10 B
7
B=
3

Page 10 of 19
 1
70 175 t 1
e 175
t
3 70e
Therefore, P = 1
= 1
7 175 t t
1+ e 3 + 7e175
3
At the start of 2020, t = 10.
10
70e 175
P= 10
= 7.1186
3 + 7e 175

Hence population at start of 2010 is 7.12 billion.

Note:
Can also use initial t = 2010 with P = 7 and then find P when t = 2020 or initial t = 10 with P
= 7 and then find P when t = 20. However, this will give a corresponding different values for
B. Final value for P will be the same.
(iii) When P > 8.5,
1
t
175
70e
Using GC on equation P = 1
> 8.5
t
3 + 7e 175

Or using expression from Method 1

 P  1 7
Since at t = 0, P = 7, ln  = t + ln
 10 − P  175 3
 8.5  1 7
ln  = t + ln
 10 − 8.5  175 3
  8.5  7
t = 175 ln   − ln 
  1.5  3
= 155.2780591

Hence, the number of complete years needed is 156

(iv)
10
70e175
P P= 10
3 + 7e175 P = 10

t
O

Page 11 of 19
9(i) Discriminant method (recommended) :
( x, y ) is on curve C.
x2 − 4 x + 1
y= for some x ∈ ¡
2x + 7
y(2 x + 7) = x 2 − 4 x + 1
x 2 − 4 x − 2 xy + 1 − 7 y = 0
x 2 − ( 4 + 2 y ) x + (1 − 7 y ) = 0 for some x ∈ ¡
Q Real roots exist for this quadratic eqn. in x,
b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0
( 4 + 2 y )2 − 4(1) (1 − 7 y ) ≥ 0
16 + 16 y + 4 y 2 − 4 + 28 y ≥ 0
4 y 2 + 44 y + 12 ≥ 0
y 2 + 11y + 3 ≥ 0
2 2
 11   11 
 y +  +3−  ≥ 0
 2 2
2
11   109 
2

 y +  −   ≥0
 2   2 
 11 109  11 109 
 y + − 

y+ + ≥0
 2 2  2 2 
109 11 109 11
y≤− − or y ≥ −
2 2 2 2
Set of values of y that C can take
 109 11 109 11 
=y ∈¡ : y ≤ − − or y ≥ − 
 2 2 2 2 

Alternative method :
Finding stationary pts. on C via differentiation :
(Not recommended –– steps more tedious)
x2 − 4x + 1
y=
2x + 7
dy (2 x − 4)(2 x + 7) − ( x 2 − 4 x + 1)(2)
=
dx (2 x + 7) 2
4 x 2 + 6 x − 28 − (2 x 2 − 8 x + 2)
=
(2 x + 7) 2
2 x 2 + 14 x − 30
=
(2 x + 7)2
dy
If y is stationary, then = 0,
dx

Page 12 of 19
2 x 2 + 14 x − 30 = 0
x 2 + 7 x − 15 = 0
−7 ± 7 2 − 4(1)(−15) −7 ± 109
x= =
2(1) 2

Since curve C is the graph of a rational function of the form

ax 2 + bx + c R
y= = Px + Q + , with stationary points present, curve C would assume a
dx + e dx + e
general shape :

Curve C

Stationary
point

−7 ± 109
At x = ,
2
x2 − 4 x + 1
y=
2x + 7
2
 −7 ± 109   −7 ± 109 
  − 4  +1
2 2
=   
 −7 ± 109 
2 +7
 2 
1
(49 m14 109 + 109) − 2( −7 ± 109) + 1
= 4
± 109
1
(79) + 15 m 72 109 m2 109
= 2
± 109
109
m11 109 109 11
= 2 2
=± −
± 109 2 2
Set of values of y that C can take
 109 11 109 11 
=y ∈¡ : y ≤ − − or y ≥ − 
 2 2 2 2 

Page 13 of 19
(ii)
y

(iii) x2 − 4 x + 1 1
<−
2x + 7 ( x + 1)
2

1
Draw y = −
( x + 1)
2

Points of intersections
(1.07, −0.234 ) and ( 3.52, −0.0489 )
7
From the diagram, x < − or 1.07<x < 3.52 .
2

Page 14 of 19
 uuur uuur uuur
10(i) PB = OB − OP
 −9.5   11 
   
=  6.5  −  −22 
 10.5   −10 
   
 −20.5 
 
=  28.5 
 20.5 
 
 11   −20.5 
   
lB : r =  −22  + λ  28.5  , λ ∈ ¡
 −10   20.5 
   
 −40   10 
   
l A ' B ' : r =  35  + μ  0  , μ ∈ ¡
 20   11 
   
B’ is the point of intersection between lines lB and l A ' B '
 11 − 20.5λ   −40 + 10 μ 
uuuur     for some λ , μ ∈¡
OB ' =  −22 + 28.5λ  =  35 
 −10 + 20.5λ   20 + 11μ 
   
11 − 20.5λ = −40 + 10 μ −(1)
−22 + 28.5λ = 35 −(2)
−10 + 20.5λ = 20 + 11μ −(3)
From eqn (2),
λ=2
To check with eqn (1) and (2):
From (1), 11 − 20.5 ( 2) = −40 + 10μ  μ = 1
From (2), −10 + 20.5 ( 2) = 20 + 11μ  μ = 1
 −30 
uuuur  
OB ' =  35 
 31 
 
Coordinates of B’ is ( −30,35,31)
(ii) Since lO passes through O and P and is perpendicular to the wall,
 11 
uuur  
n = OP =  −22 
 −10 
 
 11   −40   11 
Equation of wall: r ⋅  −22  =  35  ⋅  −22  = −1410
 −10   20   −10 
     
 11 
 
lO : r = s  −22  , s ∈ ¡
 −10 
 
 11 s 
uuuur  
OO ' =  −22 s  for some s ∈ ¡
 −10 s 
 

Page 15 of 19
  11s   11 
   
 −22 s  ⋅  −22  = −1410
 −10 s   −10 
   
121s + 484 s + 100 s = −1410
s = −2
11( −2 )   −22 
uuuur    
OO ' =  −22 ( −2 )  =  44 
   20 
 −10 ( −2 )   
Coordinates of O ' is ( −22, 44, 20)
(iii) Distance between point P and screen
11   −22 
uuuur uuur uuuur    
O ' P = OP − OO ' =  −22  −  44 
 −10   20 
   
 33 
 
=  −66  = 332 + ( −66 ) + ( −30 )
2 2

 −30 
 
= 6345
(iv)  11 
 
n of plane O ' A ' B ' =  −22 
 −10 
 
uuur uuur
n of plane OAB = OA × OB
 −23   −9.5 
   
=  16  ×  6.5 
 10   10.5 
   
 103 
 
=  146.5 
 2.5 
 
 11   103 
Since  −22  ≠ k  146.5  for any k, planes OAB and O ' A ' B ' are not parallel.
 
 −10   2.5 
   

Alternative method:
By using the fact that if a direction vector of plane OAB is not perpendicular to the normal of
O’A’B’.
 11 
uuur  
OA ⋅  −22 
 −10 
 
 −23   11 
   
=  16  ⋅  −22 
 10   −10 
   
= −705 ≠ 0
uuur
Since OA (on the plane OAB) is not perpendicular to the normal of O’A’B’, the two planes are
not parallel.

Page 16 of 19
11(i) 8z 2 − 4 2 z + 2
z+
1
2
(
8z3 + 4 − 4 2 z 2 + 2 − 2 2 z + 1 ) ( )
8z3 + 4z 2
(
− 4 2z2 + 2 − 2 2 z + 1 )
− 4 2z2 − 2 2z
2z +1
2z +1
0

( )
8z 3 + 4 − 4 2 z 2 + 2 − 2 2 z + 1 = 0 ( )
 1
(8 z 2

 2
)
− 4 2z + 2  z +  = 0

8z 2 − 4 2 z + 2 = 0

(4 2 )
2
4 2± − 4(8)(2)
z=
2(8)
4 2 ± 32 − 64
=
16
4 2 ± −32
=
16
4 2 ± 4 2i
=
16
2 ± 2i
=
4
1 i π4
−
z1 = e ,
2
1 i π4 1
z2 = e , z3 = eiπ
2 2
π
i
w = 2e 24
w2
z4 =
z1
2
 i
π

 2e 
24

= π

1 4 − i
e
2
π π
i +i
= 4e 12 4

π
i
= 4e 3
π
Modulus = 4, argument =
3

Page 17 of 19
 π
i π π
4e 3
= 4 cos + 4 sin i
3 3
= 2 + 2 3i
(iii) π  π π 
sin   = sin  − 
 12  3 4
π  π  π  π 
= sin   cos   − sin   cos  
3 4 4 3
3  2   2  1 
=  −  
2  2   2   2 

=
4
2
( 3 −1 )
(ii), Z4
Im
(iv)

Z2

Re
Z3 O
Z1
“Hence”
Area of quadrilateral OZ 3 Z 4 Z 2
= Area of triangle OZ 2 Z 4 + Area of triangle OZ 4 Z3
11 π π  11  π
=   ( 4 ) sin  −  +   ( 4 ) sin  π − 
22  3 4  22  3
π   2π 
= sin   + sin  
 12   3 

=
4
2
3 −1 +(2
3
)
“Otherwise”

A2

A3 A4

Area of quadrilateral OZ 3 Z 4 Z 2
= Area of big triangle – A2 – A3 – A4

Page 18 of 19
 1 1 1  2  2  1  2  2  2  2 
=  2 +  2 3 −  
  −  2 − 
 2 3−  −  2 −  
2 2 2  4  4  2  4  4   4 
 4 
5 1 2 6 1 2 2
= 3− −2 3+ + − − +
2 16 4 4 16 2 16

=
4
2
( )
3 −1 +
2
3

Page 19 of 19
 CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE
H2 MATHEMATICS
2018 JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION PAPER II SOLUTION

Section A: Pure Mathematics [40 marks]

1(i) un = S n − S n −1
= n ( 2n + 7 ) − ( n − 1)( 2n + 5 )
= 2n 2 + 7 n − ( 2n 2 + 3n − 5 )
= 4n + 5

u1 = 4 (1) + 5 = 9
S1 = 1  2 (1) + 7  = 9
u1 = S1

un − un−1
= ( 4n + 5) − ( 4 ( n − 1) + 5)
= 4n + 5 − ( 4n + 1)
=4
Since un − un−1 = 4 ( constant ) , the sequence is AP.
N
(ii) 1
n =1 un +1 + un

=
N ( un +1 − un )
n =1 ( un +1 + un )( un +1 − un )
=
N ( un +1 − un )
n =1 un +1 − un
1 N
=  un+1 − un
4 n =1
( )
=
1
4 {(
u2 − u1 + )
( u3 − u2 + )
M

( u N − u N −1 + )
( u N +1 − u N )}
1
=
4
( u N +1 − u1)
1
=
4
( 4 N + 9 − 3)

Page 1 of 16
(iii) 1 1 1
+ +L +
53 + 49 57 + 53 361 + 357
1 1 1
= + +L +
4 (11) + 9 + 4 (11) + 5 4 (12 ) + 9 + 4 (12 ) + 5 4 ( 88 ) + 9 + 4 ( 88 ) + 5
88 10
1 1
= −
n =1 un +1 + un n =1 un +1 + un

=
1
4
(4 ( 88 ) + 9 − 3 −
1
4
) ( 4 (10 ) + 9 − 3 )
= 4 −1
=3

2(i) Equation of line segment passing through O and B: r = λb, λ ∈ ¡

uuur
F lies on the line: OF = λ b for some λ ∈ ¡
uuur uuur uuur
AF = OF − OA = λ b − a
uuur
AF ⋅ b = 0
( λb − a ) ⋅ b = 0
λb ⋅ b − a ⋅ b = 0
2 π
λ b − a b cos = 0
3
1
λ ( 2) − 2   = 0
2

2
1
λ=
4
uuur 1
OF = b
4

Alternative:
uuur π
OF = cos = 0.5
3
uuur 0.5 1
∴ OF = b= b
2 4

(ii) F is the midpoint of A and C

uuur 1 uuur uuur
OF = OA + OC
2
( )
uuur uuur uuur
OC = 2OF − OA
1
= b −a
2
Hence,
Since the diagonals AC and OB are perpendicular, OA = OC = 1 and AB = CB , OACB is a kite.

Page 2 of 16
Area of OACB = 2 × Area of OAB
uuur uuur
= OA × OB
= a×b
π
= a b sin
3
 3
= 2  
 2 
= 3

Page 3 of 16
3(i) Let the amount received in $ be un , where n is the number of years from 2018.
u1 = 10, 000 × 5.00 = 50, 000
u2 = 10, 000 × 7.50 = 75, 000
u3 = 10, 000 × 10.00 = 100, 000
...
forms an AP with a = 50,000, d = 25,000

For S n ≥ 1, 000, 000 ,

n
 2 ( 50, 000 ) + ( n − 1)( 25, 000 )  ≥ 1, 000, 000
2
n ( 500 ) + ( n − 1)(125 )  ≥ 10000
n [125n + 375] ≥ 10000
n [ n + 3] ≥ 80
From GC, n ≥ 7.5692 or n ≤ −10.569
n ≥ 8 or n ≤ −11 rejected as n is positive
In the year of 2026 or 2027 or 2026 Dec or 2027 Jan.

(ii) Let the amount received in $ be vn , where n is the number of years from 2018.
v1 = 50, 000
v2 = 50, 000 × 0.94 = 47, 000
v3 = ( 50, 000 × 0.94 ) × 0.94 = 44,180
…
forms a GP with a = 50, 000, r = 0.94

The total allocated fund received in the years 2024 to 2030, v6 + v7 + ... + v12
= S12 − S5

=
(
50000 1 − ( 0.94 )
12
) − 50000 (1 − ( 0.94) ) 5

1 − 0.94 1 − 0.94
(
= 1000000 ( 0.94 ) − ( 0.94 )
5 12
)
= 214986.42
= 214986

The total allocated fund received in the years 2024 to 2030 is $214, 986.
Accept answer to 3SF i.e. $215, 000.
(iii) In the long run, as n → ∞ ,
50000
S∞ =
1 − 0.94
= 833, 333.33

The airport would not be able to collect the fund for expansion project as the amount received will
never reach $1, 000, 000.

Page 4 of 16
4(i) h
Volume of required solid of revolution generated by rotating about the y-axis, V =  π x 2 dy .
0

( rx ) + ( ) y 2
2
h
=1

( )
 x2 = r 2 1 −
y2
h2

V =  π r (1 − ) dy
h 2 y2
0 h2
h
= π r2  y − 2 
y3
 3h 0

 (
= π r 2  h − h 2 − 0 
3h
3

 )
= 32 π r 2 h (shown)
(ii) Given x = r cosθ , y = h sin θ , where 0 ≤ θ ≤ π .
dy
dx
dθ
= − r sin θ , dθ
= h cos θ ,
dy dy dy
dx
= dθ dθ
h cos θ
= − r sin θ
= − hr cot θ

At point P (r cosα , h sin α ) , θ = α

gradient of tangent = − hr cot α .

Equation of the tangent to the curve at P :

y − h sin α = − hr cot α ( x − r cos α ) ,
y=− ( hr cot α ) x + h cot α cosα + h sin α ,
y = − ( hr cot α ) x + h ( sin α + sin α ) ,
2
(cos α )

( hr cot α ) x + h ( (cosα )sin+α(sin α ) ) ,

2 2
y=−

y = − ( hr cot α ) x + h cosecα . (shown)

Alternatively,
Equation of the tangent to the curve at P :
y = − hr cot α x + C , for some constant C

Q P (r cosα , h sin α ) is on this tangent line,

h sin α = − hr cot α ( r cos α ) + C
C = h cot α cosα + h sin α
=h ( cos2 α
sin α
+ sin α ) = h( cos2 α +sin 2 α
sin α )
( sin1α ) = h cosecα
=h
∴ y = − ( hr cot α ) x + h cosecα . (shown)

Page 5 of 16
(iii) When the hemi-ellipsoid is inscribed within the cone, there is a point on the ellipse whose tangent line
matches that of the cone’s slanted edge.
i.e. General equation of tangent line *
y=− ( hr cot α ) x + h cosecα matches y = − 53 x + 5 ,
for some α .
Comparing coefficients produces
h
r
cot α = 53 and h cosecα = 5
 cot α = 35hr and cosecα = 5
h

[Obtain relationship between variables r and h, by eliminating parameter α .]

Since 1 + (cot α )2 = (cosecα )2 ,

1 + ( 35hr ) 2 = ( 5h ) 2

Multiplying by ( 5h ) 2 on both sides produces

( 5h ) + ( 3r )
2 2
=1 (shown)

Alternative method
Substituting (3,0) and (0,5) into the general eqn. of tangent line produces :
0=− ( hr cot α ) (3) + h cosecα  3 hr cos α
sin α
= h
sin α

 cos α = 3r , and

5= − ( hr cot α ) (0) + h cosecα  sin α = h5 .

( 5h ) + ( 3r )
2 2
Since (sin α ) 2 + (cos α ) 2 = 1 , = 1 (shown).

(iv) Hemi-ellipsoid volume V = 23 π r 2 h .

( 5h ) + ( 3r ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
=1  r 2 = 32 1 − h2 = 9 1 − h25
5

∴ V = 23 π × 9 1 − h25 h ( 2
)
( h
= 6π h − 25 .
3
)
When volume V is maximum, it is also stationary w.r.t. h.
∴ dV
dh (
= 6π 1 − 32h5 = 0.
2
)
 h2 = 25
3
, h= 5
(Q h > 0) .
3

∴ d 2V
dh2
= 6π − 625h( )
= − 36
25
πh
At h = 5
3
, d 2V
dh 2
= − 36
25
π ( ) < 0.
5
3

∴ By the 2nd derivative test, volume V

Page 6 of 16
 5
attains a maximum at h = .
3

Alternatively, use the 1st derivative test :

( ) ( )
− 5 +
5 5
h 3
3 3
dV
dh >0 0 <0

Slope

∴ By the 1st derivative test, volume V

5
attains a maximum at h = .
3

Section B: Probability and Statistics [60 marks]

5(i) 1
The probability, , of a shopper finding a mystery item is a constant for all shoppers.
p
Or
The event where a shopper finds a mystery item is independent of all other shoppers finding a mystery item.
(ii) Let X be the random variable denoting the number of shoppers who found a mystery item out of 10 shoppers.
Then X ~ B(10, 1 )
p
Given P( X = 3) = 15 ( 2 − 1)7
4
3 7
10  1   1  15
C3   1 −  = ( 2 − 1)7
 p  p 4
120 15
10 (
p − 1) = ( 2 − 1)7
7

p 4
Hence, p = 2
Alternative Method – using graph
15
P( X = 3) = ( 2 − 1)7
4

From GC, p = 1.4142136 or 22.303621

Since 0 < p < 2 , hence p = 1.41 (to 3 s.f.)

Page 7 of 16
(iii) Let Y be the random variable denoting the number of games where three shoppers found a mystery item out of
10 shoppers out of n games.
15
Y ~ B(n, ( 2 − 1)7 )
4
P(Y > 2) = 1 − P(Y ≤ 2) > 0.01
Using GC,
n 1 − P(Y ≤ 2)
56 0.0098
57 0.0103
58 0.0108
Hence the least value of n is 57.

OR
P(Y > 2) = 1 − P(Y ≤ 2) > 0.01
P(Y ≤ 2) < 0.99
Using GC,
n P(Y ≤ 2)
56 0.9902
57 0.9897
58 0.9892
Hence the least value of n is 57.

Page 8 of 16
6(i) X = number of tails – number of heads in one throw.

Using probability to obtain the p.d. table

5
1 1
P( X = −5) = P(0 tail − 5 heads) =   =
 2  32
1 4
 1   1  5! 5
P( X = −3) = P(1 tail − 4 heads) =   ×   × =
 2   2  4! 32
2 3
1 1 5! 10
P( X = −1) = P(2 tails − 3 heads) =   ×   × =
 2   2  2!3! 32
3 2
1 1 5! 10
P( X = 1) = P(3 tails − 2 heads) =   ×   × =
 2   2  3!2! 32
4 1
 1   1  5! 5
P( X = 3) = P(4 tails − 1 head) =   ×   × =
 2   2  4! 32
5
1 1
P( X = 5) = P(5 tails − 0 head) =   =
 2  32

0T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T
-5H -4H -3H -2H -1H -0H
X=x -5 -3 -1 1 3 5
1 5 10 10 5 1
P(X = x)
32 32 32 32 32 32

Alternative Method
1
Taking X ~ B(5, )
2
5
P( X = 1) =
16

0T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T
-5H -4H -3H -2H -1H -0H
X=x -5 -3 -1 1 3 5
1 5 10 10 5 1
P(X = x)
32 32 32 32 32 32

(ii) By symmetry, E( X ) = 0

Using p.d. table

Var( X ) = E( X 2 ) − [ E( X ) ]
2

(−5)2 + (−3)2 (5) + (−1)2 (10) + 12 (10) + 32 (5) + 52

− [0]
2
=
32
160
= =5
32

Page 9 of 16
(iii) Using the table in (i)
|X| =| x | 1 3 5
Winnings $ 0 2 k
20 10 2
P(X = x)
32 32 32

Expected winnings
20 10 2
= 0× +2× +k ×
32 32 32
20 + 2k 10 + k
= =
32 16
10 + k
Expected profit − 1 = 10
16
k = 11 × 16 − 10 = 166
Alternative Method

Winnings $ -1 1 k-1
20 10 2
P(X = x)
32 32 32

Expected winnings
20 10 2
= ( −1) ×
+ 1 × + (k − 1) ×
32 32 32
1 3
= k−
16 8

1 3
So, k − = 10
16 8
k − 6 = 160
k = 166

7(a) 1 1 1
Given P( B) = . P( A ∩ B) = and P( A '∩ B ') =
3 5 6
P ( A | B ')
P( A ∩ B ')
=
P( B ')
P( A ∪ B ) − P( B )
=
1
1−
3
1
1 − P( A '∩ B ') −
= 3
2
3
1 1
1− −
= 6 3 =3
2 4
3

Page 10 of 16
(b) 1, 2, 2, 3,4, 5, 5
Note that there are three distinct digits
and two repeated “2” and two repeated “5”
(bi) Method 1: Using complement
No. of digits
= all possible – two “5”s together
7! 6!
= −
2! 2! 2!
= 900
Method 2: Slotting in method
X X X_X X _ _ _ _ _ _
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

No. of ways to arrange three distinct digits and two “2”s

5!
= = 60
2!
No. of ways to choose 2 slots for the two “5”s = 6C2 = 15
So, total number = 60 ×15 = 900
(bii) “5” _ _ _ “5” _ _
Case 1: If the two “2”s are between the two “5”s
= select one other digit to put in between the two “5”
× no. of ways to arrange the two “2”s and one other digit between the two “5”s
× no. of ways to arrange one block and 2 distinct digits
3!
= 3C1 × × 3! = 54
2!
Case 2: If one “2”s is between the two “5”s
= select two digits to put in between the two “5”
× no. of ways to arrange one “2”s and two other digits between the two “5”s
× no. of ways to arrange one block and 2 distinct digits
= 3C2 × 3! × 3! = 108
Case 3: If no “2”s is between the two “5”s
= select three digits to put in between the two “5”s
× no. of ways to arrange 3 distinct digits between two “5”s
× no. of ways to arrange one block and two “2”s
3!
= 3C3 × 3! × = 18
2!

So, total = 54 + 108 + 18 = 180

Alternative solution
5
No. of ways to select and arrange three digits to put between two “5” = P3
No. of ways to arrange one block of 5 digits and the remaining 2 individual digits = 3!
1
To remove duplication from two “2”s =
2!
5
P3 × 3!
Total no. of ways = = 180
2!
(biii) 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
↑
{3, 5}
Seven-digit number must start with “1” and end with digits 3 or 5
Case 1: Seven-digit number ends with “3”
= arrange the remaining digits with repeated “5” and “2”

Page 11 of 16
 5!
= = 30
2!2!
Case 2: Seven-digit number ends with “5”
= arrange the remaining digits with repeated “2”
5!
= = 60
2!

Total no. of ways = 30 + 60 = 90

Alternative solution
Number must start with “1” = 1
No. of ways to select the last odd digit out of 3 choices i.e. {3, 5, 5} = 3C1
No. of ways to arrange the remaining 5 digits = 5!
To remove double counting from two “2” and two “5”
1
=
2!2!
1 × 5! × 3 C1
Total no. of ways = = 90
2!2!

8(i)
y, IQ

x, brain mass

OR

y, IQ
148

73

1.196 1.601 x, brain mass

(ii)(a) Between x and y: r = 0.9645001408 ≈ 0.965 (3 s.f)

(b) Between x2 and y: r = 0.9745220219 ≈ 0.975 (3 s.f.)

(iii) From (i), since as x increases, y increases at a increasing rate, the points on the scatter diagram
take the shape of the graph of y = c + dx 2 .
And
From (ii), the product moment correlation coefficient between x and y 2 is closer to 1, as
compared to that between x and y,
Page 12 of 16
 ∴ the model y = c + dx 2 is the better model.
y = −36.5807 + 69.911x 2
y = −36.6 + 69.9 x 2

y = −36.5807 + 69.911(1.5 )
(iv) 2

= 120.71905
≈ 121
Since the value of 1.5 is within the range of values of x and the value of r is close to 1, this
estimate is reliable.

(v) This statement may not be valid as strong positive linear correlation between brain mass and IQ
as shown by the data does not imply causation. There are other factors affecting intelligence
quotient other than brain mass as well.

9(i) Let M and F be the random variable the height of a random female and male respectively.
Then M ~ N(175, 102 ) and F ~ N( μ , σ 2 )
Given P( F < 143) = 0.01114
and P( F < 183) = 0.98886
Since P( F > 183) = 1 − 0.98886 = 0.01114
Hence by symmetry, μ = 183 + 143 = 163
2
Using P( F < 143) = 0.01114
143 − 163
= −2.285560213
σ
σ = 8.750589849 ≈ 8.75 (shown)
(ii) F1 + F2 − 2 M ~ N (2 × 163 − 2 × 175, 2 × 8.75 2 + 2 2 × 10 2 )
F1 + F2 − 2 M ~ N( −24, 553.125)
P(| F1 + F2 − 2 M | > 30)
= 1 − P( −30 < F1 + F2 − 2 M < 30)
= 0.4101527381
≈ 0.410
(iii) Probability
=P(155 < F < 185) × [1 − P(155 < F < 185) ] × 2 × P(160 < M < 192.5)
= 0.2707250364
≈ 0.271
(iv) Let X be the random variable denoting height of a random female candidate wearing standard shoes.
So X = F + 5
Since F is normally distributed,
2
then X ~ N(163 + 5, 8.75 )
15
P( X > 170) = 0.1880099665 ≈ 0.188

Alternative solution 1
X = F +5 X = F +5
8.752
F ~ N(163, )
15
P( X > 170) = P( F > 165) = 0.1880099665 ≈ 0.188

Alternative solution 2
Page 13 of 16
 F1 + F2 + ... + F15 ~ N(15 × 163, 15 × 8.750589849 2 )
F1 + F2 + ... + F15 ~ N(2445, 1148.592341)
 F + F2 + ... + F15 + 15 × 5 
P 1 > 170 
 15 
= P ( F1 + F2 + ... + F15 > 2475 )
= 0.1880260552 ≈ 0.188

Alternative solution 3
F1 + F2 + ... + F15 + 15 × 5
~ N(15 × 163 + 75, 15 × 8.750589849 2 )
F1 + F2 + ... + F15 + 75 ~ N(2520, 1148.592341)
P ( F1 + F2 + ... + F15 + 15 × 5 > 170 × 15)
= P ( F1 + F2 + ... + F15 + 75 > 2550 )
= 0.1880260552 ≈ 0.188

10(i) )
Unbiased estimate of population mean, μ =
 x = 132.00 = 4.4 (exact)
n 30

Unbiased estimate of population variance,

1  (  x) 
2
2
s =  x −
2

n −1  n 
 
1  (132.00) 
2
2
s = 583.96 − 
29  30 
= 0.1089655172
≈ 0.109
(ii) Let X be the random variable denoting the time taken for a server to clear a table,
and μ be the population mean time taken.

H0 : μ = 4.5 mins, the mean time taken is 4.5 mins

H1 : μ ≠ 4.5 mins, the mean time taken is not 4.5 mins
Under H0, since n = 30 is large enough, by Central Limit Theorem
0.1089655172
X ~ N(4.5, ) approximately
30
X − 4.5
Test statistic: Z = ~ N ( 0,1)
0.1089655172
30

At 10% level, reject H0 if p-value < 0.1

p-value = 0.0970621091 < 0.10

Since p-value < 0.01, we reject H0.

Page 14 of 16
 OR

At 10% level, reject H0 if ztest ≤ −1.64485 or ztest ≥ 1.64485

4.4 − 4.5
ztest = = −1.65926627
0.1089655172
30
Since ztest = - 1.659266271 < - 1.64485, we reject H0.

Conclude at 10% level that there is sufficient evidence that the mean time taken has changed from 4.5
minutes.

(iii) Since p-value = 0.0970621091,

α
To not reject H0, p-value >
100
α
So, 0.0970621091 >
100
Hence 0 < α < 9.71
(iv) In this case,
H0 : μ = 4.5 mins,
H1 : μ < 4.5 left-tail test.

p-value method
Using (ii),
0.0970621091
p-value = = 0.0485310546 < 0.05
2
OR
At 10% level, reject H0 if ztest ≤ −1.28155
Using (ii),
z test = −1.6592 ≤ −1.28155

So reject H0, conclude at 5% level that there is sufficient evidence that the mean taken to clear a table is
less than 4.5 minutes.
(v) n 30
s2 = ( sample variance) = (1.01) ≈ 1.044827586
n −1 29

H 0 : μ = 4.5
H1 : μ > 4.5
1.01
Under H0, since n = 40 is large enough, by Central Limit Theorem X ~ N(4.5, ) approximately
29

X − 4.5
Test-statistic, Z =
1.01
29
To reject H0 at 1% level for right-tailed test
 ztest > 2.326347877

Page 15 of 16
 x − 4.5
 > 2.326347877
1.01
29
 x > 4.934146542
 x > 4.934
Hence, {x∈ R: x > 4.934 minutes}

Page 16 of 16