5/19/24, 5:20 PM Prelim Exam: Attempt review

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Started on Sunday, 19 May 2024, 4:40 PM

State Finished
Completed on Sunday, 19 May 2024, 5:20 PM
Time taken 39 mins 42 secs
Marks 34.00/50.00
Grade 68.00 out of 100.00

Question 1
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How often is the medical terminology in LEXMED updated?

Select one:
a. Annually
b. Monthly
c. Weekly
d. Daily

Question 2

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In Dempster-Shafer theory, the "conflict function" is defined as:

Select one:
a. The degree of belief that an event will occur
b. The level of disagreement about the likelihood of an event
c. The probability that an event will occur
d. The likelihood that an event will occur

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Question 3

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a statement to be considered unprovable within a godelized system of logic?

Select one:
a. It is not a contradiction of a theorem of the system
b. It is not a negation of a theorem of the system
c. It is not a theorem of the system
d. It is not a combination of theorems of the system

Question 4

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring given multiple other events that are independent of
each other?

Select one:
a. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events
b. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ... 
c. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
d. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event

Question 5
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

IDA* search is a type of search algorithm used for what purpose?

Select one:
a. Solving problems involving game trees
b. Storing and retrieving data from a database
c. Finding patterns in large datasets
d. Sorting data in ascending or descending order

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Question 6

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a feature of LEXMED?

Select one:
a. Medical diagnosis assistance
b. Legal case search
c. Medical terminology lookup
d. Legal precedent search 

Question 7

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following statements about Gödel's incompleteness theorems is NOT true?

Select one:
a. They prove that all formal systems are complete
b. They show that some statements within a formal system are undecidable
c. They prove that all formal systems are consistent
d. They demonstrate the inherent limitations of any formal system

Question 8
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is the main disadvantage of using a greedy search algorithm?

Select one:
a. They may not consider all possible options before making a decision
b. They are not guaranteed to find a solution 
c. They can be slow when searching large spaces
d. They are not guaranteed to find the optimal solution

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Question 9

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In first-order predicate logic, what is a quantifier?

Select one:
a. A function that returns a value based on its input
b. A logical symbol that represents a negation
c. A logical symbol that represents a relationship between objects
d. A symbol that specifies the scope of a variable

Question 10

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

If the probability of event A occurring is 0.5 and the probability of event B occurring is 0.5, what is the probability of neither event A
nor B occurring?

Select one:
a. 0.5
b. 0.25 
c. 1
d. 0

Question 11
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

If there are two events, each with a probability of 50%, what is the probability that at least one of them will occur?

Select one:
a. 0%
b. 75%
c. 25%
d. 50%

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Question 12

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In first-order predicate logic, what is a closed formula?

Select one:
a. A formula that contains only closed terms
b. A formula that contains a free variable
c. A formula that contains only predicates
d. A formula that is always true

Question 13

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How does the heuristic function in A* search work?

Select one:
a. It estimates the cost of the most efficient path from the current node to the goal node
b. It estimates the cost of the shortest path from the current node to the goal node
c. It estimates the cost of the longest path from the current node to the goal node
d. It estimates the cost of all possible paths from the current node to the goal node

Question 14
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a common method of mitigating risks?

Select one:
a. Reducing the likelihood of the risk occurring
b. Transferring the risk to another party
c. Increasing the impact of the risk
d. Accepting the risk

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Question 15

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In a binary cost matrix, what do the elements in the first row and first column represent?

Select one:
a. The cost of predicting the positive class when the actual class is positive
b. The cost of predicting the negative class when the actual class is negative 
c. The cost of predicting the negative class when the actual class is positive
d. The cost of predicting the positive class when the actual class is negative

Question 16

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Can heuristic search be used to solve problems with no clear goal or solution?

Select one:
a. It depends on the specific problem and the heuristic function being used
b. No, heuristic search can only be used to solve problems with a clear goal and solution
c. Yes, heuristic search can be used to solve any type of problem
d. It depends on the specific search algorithm being used

Question 17
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is the relationship between the maximum entropy distribution and the available information in maximum entropy without
explicit constraints?

Select one:
a. The maximum entropy distribution incorporates none of the available information
b. The maximum entropy distribution incorporates some of the available information 
c. The maximum entropy distribution is independent of the available information
d. The maximum entropy distribution incorporates all the available information

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Question 18

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a way that the principle of maximum entropy can be used in information theory?

Select one:
a. To compress data
b. To model communication channels
c. To determine the accuracy of a prediction
d. To calculate the probability of different outcomes

Question 19

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a cost matrix, which of the following represents the lowest priority risk?

Select one:
a. High likelihood, high impact
b. Low likelihood, high impact
c. Low likelihood, low impact
d. High likelihood, low impact

Question 20
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In what year did Kurt Godel first present his incompleteness theorems?

Select one:
a. 1975
b. 1879
c. 1952
d. 1931 

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Question 21

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In which of the following scenarios would a heuristic search algorithm be most useful?

Select one:
a. When the search space is small and the optimal solution is important
b. When the search space is small and the optimal solution is not important
c. When the search space is large and the optimal solution is not important
d. When the search space is large and the optimal solution is important 

Question 22

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is the relationship between the Shannon entropy and the information in a distribution in maximum entropy without explicit
constraints?

Select one:
a. The Shannon entropy is proportional to the information in a distribution
b. The Shannon entropy is the information in a distribution
c. The Shannon entropy is maximized when the information in a distribution is uniform 
d. The Shannon entropy is the inverse of the information in a distribution

Question 23
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the name of the godelized system of logic that is based on the axioms of set theory?

Select one:
a. ZFC set theory
b. PA+ set theory
c. ZF set theory
d. PA set theory

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Question 24

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a way in which Gödel's incompleteness theorems have influenced the field of artificial intelligence?

Select one:
a. They have led to the abandonment of the use of artificial intelligence
b. They have sparked debates about the possibility of creating a truly intelligent machine
c. They have led to new discussions about the limitations of machine learning
d. They have led to the development of new artificial intelligence algorithms

Question 25

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a binary cost matrix, what is the cost of predicting the negative class when the actual class is negative called?

Select one:
a. The true negative cost
b. The false negative cost
c. The true positive cost
d. The false positive cost

Question 26
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring given multiple other events that are both independent
and not independent of each other?

Select one:
a. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event
b. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events
c. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ...
d. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...

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Question 27

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In what type of search problem is it guaranteed that a heuristic search algorithm will find the optimal solution?

Select one:
a. None of the above
b. Decision tree problems
c. Traveling salesman problems
d. Constraint satisfaction problems 

Question 28

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Alpha-beta pruning is based on the idea that:

Select one:
a. None of the above
b. When the alpha and beta values are equal, the search can be stopped because both players will choose the same move
c. When the alpha value is greater than the beta value, the search can be stopped because the maximizing player will not
choose a move that leads to a worse score
d. When the beta value is greater than the alpha value, the search can be stopped because the minimizing player will not 
choose a move that leads to a worse score

Question 29

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can impact the performance of heuristic search algorithms?

Select one:
a. The size of the search space
b. The type of problem being solved
c. The quality of the heuristic function
d. The number of processors in the computer

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Question 30

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a binary cost matrix, how many rows and columns are there?

Select one:
a. 2 rows and 2 columns
b. 2 rows and 1 column
c. 1 row and 1 column
d. 1 row and 2 columns

Question 31

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In which type of games is minmax search commonly used?

Select one:
a. Multiplayer games
b. Single-player games
c. Games with random elements
d. Games with perfect information, such as chess and tic-tac-toe

Question 32
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is the formula for Bayes' theorem?

Select one:
a. P(A|B) = P(B) / P(A|B)
b. P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A)
c. P(A|B) = P(B|A) / P(A) 
d. P(A|B) = P(A) / P(B)

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Question 33

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the process of adding new nodes to the search tree in A* search called?

Select one:
a. Graph traversal
b. Node expansion
c. Pathfinding
d. Route planning

Question 34

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How does minmax search handle tie situations?

Select one:
a. By selecting the move with the highest score
b. By selecting the move that leads to the lowest score for the player and the highest score for the opponent
c. By selecting the move with the lowest score
d. By selecting the move that leads to the highest score for the player and the lowest score for the opponent

Question 35
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following data structures is typically used to implement a breadth-first search algorithm?

Select one:
a. Heap
b. Queue
c. Hash table
d. Stack

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Question 36

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How often is the legal guidance in LEXMED updated?

Select one:
a. Annually
b. Daily
c. Weekly
d. Monthly

Question 37

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is the "fuzzy envelope" in the context of fuzzy logic?

Select one:
a. The area of precision surrounding a fuzzy set
b. The area of heuristic values surrounding a fuzzy set
c. The area of probabilistic values surrounding a fuzzy set
d. The area of uncertainty surrounding a fuzzy set 

Question 38
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is the relationship between the maximum entropy distribution and the underlying distribution in maximum entropy without
explicit constraints?

Select one:
a. The maximum entropy distribution is the same as the underlying distribution
b. The maximum entropy distribution is independent of the underlying distribution 
c. The maximum entropy distribution is different from the underlying distribution
d. The maximum entropy distribution is similar to the underlying distribution

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Question 39

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the process of using A* search to find the shortest path between two nodes called?

Select one:
a. Node expansion
b. Route planning
c. Graph traversal
d. Pathfinding

Question 40

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is fuzzy logic?

Select one:
a. A form of artificial intelligence that uses approximate reasoning
b. A form of artificial intelligence that uses probabilistic reasoning
c. A form of artificial intelligence that uses logical reasoning
d. A form of artificial intelligence that uses heuristic reasoning

Question 41
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the space complexity of depth-first search in terms of the maximum depth of the search tree, d?

Select one:
a. O
b. O(d)
c. O(m)
d. O(1)

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Question 42

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the probability of an event occurring if it is equally likely to happen or not happen?

Select one:
a. 0%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 25%

Question 43

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the purpose of using a cost matrix in the binary case?

Select one:
a. To penalize correct predictions differently based on the predicted class
b. To penalize incorrect predictions differently based on the actual class
c. To penalize correct predictions differently based on the actual class
d. To penalize incorrect predictions differently based on the predicted class

Question 44
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is a heuristic function in the context of search algorithms?

Select one:
a. A function that estimates the cost of the shortest path from the current node to the goal 
b. A function that estimates the cost of the cheapest path from the current node to the goal
c. A function that estimates the cost of the most expensive path from the current node to the goal
d. A function that estimates the cost of the longest path from the current node to the goal

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Question 45

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In Dempster-Shafer theory, the "belief function" is defined as:

Select one:
a. The degree of belief that an event will occur
b. The likelihood that an event will occur
c. The level of uncertainty about an event
d. The probability that an event will occur

Question 46

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Can minmax search handle games with more than two players?

Select one:
a. Yes, by using the same algorithm as for two-player games
b. It depends on the game
c. No, minmax search can only be used for two-player games
d. Yes, by using a modified version of the algorithm

Question 47
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In first-order predicate logic, what is a predicate?

Select one:
a. A statement that is either true or false 
b. A function that returns a value based on its input
c. A logical symbol that represents a negation
d. A logical symbol that represents a relationship between objects

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Question 48

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In supervised learning, which of the following is NOT a common evaluation metric?

Select one:
a. Precision
b. Recall
c. Mean squared error
d. Accuracy

Question 49

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is the name of the godelized system of logic that is based on the axioms of first-order predicate calculus?

Select one:
a. PA set theory
b. ZF set theory
c. ZFC set theory 
d. PA+ set theory

Question 50
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a cost matrix, what does the impact of a risk refer to?

Select one:
a. The duration of the risk
b. The probability of the risk occurring
c. The frequency of the risk
d. The severity of the risk

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