Subject: Discrete Mathematical Structures Subject Code: BCS405A Semester: 4th Scheme: 2022 ICTS ME ACER mM ATTRIB) Cartesian Products, Relations and Functions Types of Functions Pigeonhole Principle Composite functions Invertible Functions Properties of Functions Zero-one matrices and Directed graphs Properties of Relations Equivalence relation Partial orders External elements in Posets website: vtucode.ine Module -3 — Relakiont and Runch’ons 0 Costesien Product of wht: LE A ond Bl be He. “Then Ste mek ut ott ordund pai (a,b), where 2 EA ond ben, B GUid Corksio, Product (or) Crocs Pacduct (or) Produck Ack & A and ® ond Cy denoted by AXB + qh AxB ec Slab) | acd ond LER]. Note: 1) AXB i nok some of BXA , becoute axa =f$Cha)l be @ and acai. (a6) $(b, 0) grval. dy Gis) end Grd) ome ondend Pole AOS Gait) = Cor 4) ah and only if ase, bed. 5) Th A od Bom Ante atts wit falem, IBL= A iAxB] = mn = IARI - uw) Upcaxedl = 27° axB hes er ke a len. re wr Th A ber 6 seman , & het S ee 30 then ARB het gor? = 2°? rubs - hy = Maa4h B= 43,4,8,64 C= {a,u,6y. fad AxB, BXA, ax(euc) , (Anb)xc, CAXxB) o(BXC) , CAxg) — (Bx) sole §XB = LODO WOIG G,9G4) C9 6) (3,3) (3:4) ~ (258) (3,6) (ua) Ca) Cus) Cay 6)4 § 20) 0.2). C4) Cut) G1) cys) Cu) (5,9) (5,2) (s, 3) (5,4) (6,1) (6.2) (6,8) (6,4)} ez [a hiys 8). oe 7 Loa) (1s coa}ensden9) (9) (2,3) (4) (28) C8) (3.4) (3,8) (3,0) (3,9 8) (429 Gud) Cain) (49D Car6)} BxA " Scanned hy CamScanner _(ane) = faut. - = {auc}. az fans) xe = $03,37(3,8) (2,6) Ca) Cae) CHO). (Bxc) = {03,2) (3,4) (3,6) Cad Ca,4) Cu, 6) (5.2) (5,4) (5,6) (2) (6,4) (6,6) ) : = &WXB) a(BXC) = £34) (3,6) (44) (4 6)) - es caxc) = {0r8) (1,4) (Hs) C6) (28) (24) (29 C6) Ce) (3.3 (ud (9). elements in (Ant) bulk aot ta (Bxc)- a Rr ony won-amehy ek, A,B,C» Prove sthe fellowing Aesusls + 1) ax (oc) = (Axe) vu Caxc) Cave) xc = Canc) vu (exc) yw) AxCAnc) = Cas) a (Axc) tv) (ane)xe = CAxc) n (exe) v) ax (Bc) = CAxB) — CAxc) sd s- Br ony oadered Por (HY), of hae ) Cay) € {ax (eveyy a LEA ond ye bv gy LEA ond, YER or YeC- > LEA ont YER, OY LEA and Yer: eo GY) E AXR or Cary) © AAC > cuy) € f(axe) vu Caxc)h. thus = AX(Buc) = (Axe) U CAXC)- wm) (ny) E{CAUB)XChEY HE AUB, ad YEC™ gy LEA oy “EB ad Yee or LEB ond YEC. (x.4) @ BxC- & LEA ond yee <> Cxy) & AXE ee a> Caiy) € }caxc) v (axe)} sthus (AUB) XC = (Axc) VU (EXC) | Scanned by CamScanneri) Cayde Tr xcencth gs LEA ond Ye anc- Sy LEAN ad YER ond YEC G LEA and YeB, ad EA ond YEC - &> (Ui) © AKB ond (ay) © AKC > (ay) € Seana) nq Caxc)} shes px(Bac) = (xa)A (Axe) ww Cuy) € (antdhxc @ LE ANB ed Yer & XE A ond LE BR, and aad %CB and YEE Ye & LER ard YE C & (ay) € (Axe) ont Cary (exc) & Cay) & (xc) 0 exch. thes GOR) KC = (Axc) A(exc) . Vy Ax(e—c) = CAXH— (axe) (ay) © Ax(B-C)} <> XEA and Ye B-C > nxEeA and YER, and ype GB TEN ond YeBrondt xO" ond ye SANE (Hx8) and cD) a (uy) € \cand) - caxedy . q caxc) hus Nx (Bc) = CAXB)- Caxc) - 3) suppose AiB,C GRAZ with N= Lous) | 4 = st}, =i) [ye ert , c fo) Jaxyo-Fh. Rad Dang Bene wi) Roc Ww) BLT. solds- i) (ay) 6 ANB Sr CX) EA ond (ary) EB - & yssr-l ad ya er & sx sys bu & re-l ,ys-e- Ang = Sarah . Scanned by CamScannerW) Cuy)e Bae & (Ly EB ad (Hy EC- ky you and 3a-ye-F- dy Yabu ond y= BXt4 & Ge = Y= 3xtt & 3x44 & X= Hs uslich UX uot potrible , because XEZ- thus (BAC) = > Wi) we howe RUT =o ANE > ARut= Rae = Ane - (uy) & Ane SS HYIEA ond Cu EC- GS Yast ond BEN HTT: ay ys St end oy = 3X44 & S544 24 = Batt & %=4, 9=19- thus Aue = ane = §custady . tv) we have Rue = Bac from UW)» BANG = Bae = But = 2 Co newersed Act) + Scanned by CamScannere e Relation w- set A ond B be 2 ARK. Then @ Aubsek of ARB Bw Ged a binody Aclokion OX JHE a Atlakion — fon A te B. thar (2 AR & @ Adetcon Yurn A to By teen & 7 ey need wok be olf fy a see & ordued Paiae @,b) whe a GA ond bEB), and cenversty Ty RoW a +b oh ovdued pei (a,b) usttere QEA and bER , Hen R & Q rhation perm A bo R- Th (AWER , we Jay tet “OQ UW Aalates to b by RY. the & dencted by ARE. Th R # a Mlakon fom A to A R & a Aubstt of AxA , we ASY Hot RG a binasy JeteKon on A. Axi Refonrh ad & = 43,4, 54 a ete R= 3 (1,8) (2,4) (2,8)} eee | (a) Aw a rubesk of ARB. Thh U snpreterted by the agtom @) and Mis diagtay 4 Giud fee sanovo dtogiom Jiabie Th A hat ‘m! shemerdl ond B hos) chemenkt , then a wo, ot rdaons fom A be B 4 2 Problems o - rasan Ye A= fh2,8,4,6h and R be He Mitekien 09 A debined by Ge Sola) ER ik ond ody SLO : ce mnubkiple of b. vorite dowo Root a Ack ot orduad pot gob. R= flan) ] abe and a & a mubkiple ot by R= fon) BGA) Ga) Gd C1) (4,9) (44) (6,1) &, 9 aes} By tek A ond B be gate see with Il a. TE Hee me 40.916 fglabio fom A bo BR, week oF Al =? asl: TE Ilem, 1] =9 A ro B- Given IB) = nad. ond on mo Fiun Hine a 2 sitebiont them = yore. mo a 2 = Yo ‘Scanned by CamScanner=> 3m hog? = bog 40% > m = dogo 3 x log, shut VAL = ly ay be A= $i,2,3) i) I*xel Wi) No. sf Adatiour thom A to B- in) Ne. at binony relobious O1 A jv) mo. af Aetakions porn A to v) Wo vi) Wo and B= {2,4,S}- Debumine the — fotlovsiny Het Conkain (1,2) 4 (1,5) st Astabionr fom A,R that Contain exactly 5 ovdend pac, of bineouy Aslation, On A trot Conkedin otleote 7 ordered Pore ato s- Given IA[= om =3 IRB)an=3- t) laxal = mn ad- b mo Wt) No, B Adatou from A to B & aM atic . j 7 Wit) No. binary stators en AG awe = Sige. fv) te R= {COLAC SD}. Every Actatien fem A do B tek contains Kae demand? (1,2) and (1,5) & of te berm RURa » Utore Ro & A Aubost oh R, ia AXB- No Auch! AWokious a po. of Aubee of R, = at (1 IR a Iaxel-IRil = 4-2 = 3) = IDR cthuh Mun ane 128 wo. of Atlabors fom A bo & thet Cont Og tle Uenents (1,2) ond (1,5). v) Sine AXP Contain’ GQ ovrdurd Paint , Hy wo. Gh sadabrour ben A to B that contain exackly § ordusd pout = ne. ok Wm ot ctcosirg S ordured pais fom 9 orauedl pains . hn wo. G Tee = 126 iy wt | te wo. ot binary Astebens on A thot Conboin oHeatk F daments (oratud poi) Ve) + Teg + Vey = 4c. Scanned by CamScanner® (a) Mateix of a _relebion = consid ta ate Ae faigaa Am}, Bede ba. be} af orttys ay ad on Atghs then ANB contraing ALL ovdured Prt of the be (si, by) pate wide one MA Ta nembe: - Lee R be a Relat from A “tw B te tteat Row ow Sab sel ft AxB- be My = (ai, bj) east nares 7 ® (ai, ej) @4 . ‘ Zevo- ort telex o ih (om) fe tae setting Oats The MXH Mot Rx peared by my Th Catte dt pr KR or te adjacency mabix or aad. & Ginoted by Mp of m(R) Rows seta one atagx her Re: BP Ma coves pond by clement of covmipend ko damentt of when BoA, then Ma Gg ae oxo! Matix tolvoge ae wey i ih (yer 0 ik (oi, 4) GR A ak Colaarnd Rene we) ve {44s 4p B= fas} as R= 204) Gh 4 S Wi lo z ° \ 3/0 0 - oo a) pelba, 4 sit (bP) Cha) Cad Cad) then ¢ Me = : \ |: a < \ 9 @ ape oto ab SN é @ Peed & BAB Digete a Station t= Lik R be a Adtakien on A faite st =e 7 ge Ae defor t R , we ppllow sre fetlercing preteens | 1, Ddaw q Amatt circle oy butlt por tact of the elamentr of A and nth TE cstth su COrtspordtey cement of © . these one med vertices OF voces. cachet Scanned by CamScanner2. Ww a wy brn NAW, Cathe a Celye fron, om vention e too a vex Yy and only Wh Cu) OR. Rei & Tn a degtaph , a verter pron clued on edge toonee Ot cated Mo origin or dla Aon et Mook wdtge aed a wha whine an edge ent Cotte the tetmtotr bey Mook adne a» A vatex whic A neither A ‘outa Her om Leamtnui 4 an uly A Known at OS Wo latrd — veskex + he cfeoenints ere One ard 2) An adge poy which Hae ounce and Har same vere Collad o Lo eT em a) 4) THe 0. of cages (ames) teaminabing of A andige s Corton) of Abul vertex te tn- degree Gh Maak vertex and the 10 Hegsee leaving a verkx Uw Called tla Ou wi Y Ae fared} R= GH) (HH) CHA) Ce) Ce, 4) (4,0) Cc)) G4) y ae duaaasd me} 4, C3) (1, 2),089) : 4 S 3 OPeratgu On Aclabions + Union and Gntusection of Relotions + Given Mu velahions R, ond Ra be fh B®, on BR, dursoted by RIV - A to B with te propety tor Cait) € RL URS mm ak A bo a 2et B & Adekincd af the Union a rilekon Kem ak (as) © Rr oF far) Aa - athe fatweection FR ond Aa, danckid bY RYARa » HR ond R? og a We and Aigaphs of Re and RE we Aome of Sighaphs of - diy, an oh 5y Lit ac{uaau), ee je.ty,2d ond CH=§S,6,74- Also LE R, ve a askation fem A to Bs Ra ond Ra, be rehobort pom B ke C dabined by Ry = {Oy 2) GO (sy) 7h Aa = § (0.8) (4,6)) 8 =L (urs) (9,69) - ‘Rad RpoRp md Roky - | ii) Rad (Ar) ™(R2) WW) Verity the (Aye Ra) = MCR) MRS > vand M(Rie Ra) Scanned by CamScannerSethi) GER ov (reJeRa ay CVE Rye Ra @ se R fare ad Geet, > (216) © Rye Re gee Efe). 4) { i> ~ s say \ ma, {y/ Re Re uy eS wYaens we clement (ae) Ry AH tear (es ©) GR pe Rel bed Coe 80) a 7 a) +, 4 2 WH) mle) = 4 oo} lee 2fo 1 es 3] 0 oe It : a eon % Ss 6 4 m(® 2 Ra) = !'lo too 5 € . Vad alo loo ™ CR) = a ° 6 alo o «0 So kl er. 4Lo e zle @ o i. <, s foes a BD consider MCA)-MER)= 1 1 o ofjo t % |. : : 3 eo ett oo © 800 ° oo. eo Oo Ld °c oe ° = M(Re&2) . & ue ashieaul ed R230.) 02) (a3) GA)» a S21 CA0(nph) Goad (iui), be tttasions on A DommemIN® cent Reg , Seh > RolBes), RelseR), se(Ros), Seek) R oa s- el ll Scanned by CamScannerRo(Res) = fey) (2,90) e404) G4) = Leva) G1) Cant Re (sek) = Fu (12) (2,3) (3,4)} © 202) (3,294 = fan rt So (Ros) = 1) CHa) Gu) Our © tCn 4) Gn) (3,4) = ; uh So (Soa) = LQ) CuH) Gu) Gru)} ° {G.) G2 = bah} \ he Ree = hen) OCD ° 4001) G99 21 (3.10) 2400 01,2) (1.3) Gud} ese8 = 1G) (4444) 0,09 ° 3G) (ay) Cor4) 4) = } (3,4) C4,4) (2,4) Cu}. : a , A datined by ats A 241,2,3, 4) ond A “ ve cet BB. wwe down a2 $0290.24) (38) BD). Fe meee)= (acer thi, Aigagt. Rod ma), MCA), mca’). vexchy tok ona m(R%) = fm(e}- sald Re eR = YC29 C113) (254) (8,2) (8,8) G4) $29 19 (24) 2) (3.3) (34095 Scanned by CamScannerato) DOI) (LVM. ® R= RR = $04) (1,2) (4,3) (84) 8.99 (3.3)) o Yen29 G3) (240329 (2,3) Ch Rs Sy) 2203), C4) (2) 30) The digrapha of Re and RP core af Amon below 4 a ee R> ma) - JO 1 1 0 » fori yo cect} MR =| 0.0 oe] mit}. Jeo co by medxix muttiplicakion with tw Akpubation thot It1=l ,we tind 2 {me ] = ma). M(@) = fo 110 e 11 0 @©oo |! eo oo | oy tl o 1 oo 8 0 oo © 8 z=foe ttt 0 0 © 0 an 4 TAP Il m(0°) ° o °o eo and [mcar}e may mee?) = : 8 “ co oo OS o-o- o-o- oon 1 z = % we Scanned by CamScannere (1 XV the Aigtoghe ef oo Atlalvons Ro ond Sen the et Ae {awed ore quer below. DXour Ube iytophe tok, Rus, RAs aw Ro © & 2H (- — Salo 2 Proer bee Rapha y ¢ 4 Re Lad G9 We) (meh gy se LAE) (ho (upe) Cone) s, =H = {Ov9) C64) Cera) Cerny Cored Rus = {Gad Gad (a, ¢) Coo) (u,e) Cored) Ros = { Ge) (weds € Roc Pl,9) Cad Cora) tow). MWe Agha p FR okture one F : hoy geek ol & é & R: > Rvs: Cy gy &—d Scanned by CamScannerProperties of Relations + Y Replarive Antation + A Aclation Ro on a ack A ce Aaid bo be ———— pe Selatve th (aa) eR Vaeh, @ Ra, VE, Ro & wot Arklexive (& non—-sblexie) Ab J Some @ eA, oon ee Ava Mak (aa) ER. on the “ee of at 2801 m0", Nace eh 2,50 we Sablexive Arlabions , whens OF © 5 > We nok aeklexive Ackabions on Mar Atk ak att Real none a) ah ae luaaad, the R= 10) G9 (3,3) 4 tenet pon-rexive bitod = EA but cay) gR- 3) Tanetlaxive Adlon g- A Aataion Aon a att A Acts to Le SS ou & jaretxive ah Cara) ER, VACA. Go shine Ue no thement oe A Adated bo dtd’ exs- *<', Sy! ane tarelplexive on He KE Hoth Asal vols. Not t= 1) Ar non Acklextive Adlakion need hot be TArueblemive ay A attabion Can he neither Aled ve nor tanshlecive - 3) syeomebic Retakion t+- A Artobion A on a ack A Ce Amid to he Anyone € cohen (a,b) ER, GroVeER ¥ a,otf. ek uy) ASyrametsic Attebion s- A Relation Ro on a wae A & Aatd to lee Cymmebie — ustanener (aber, (had ER wa,bEA S) Antsymmebic vteabiog 1- A Atlakion Ron qa atk A w& Aaid bo be Oak ~cymmabic Th whenever (a,b) € % and (bya) ER Hin! ani. G BIER , ord afb ten (ba) ZR kei Se) ib anksymeebic on the Me Kk atl ral number , bloz tt afb ond boa, then aab- Note: 1) Asynmabsic end anksymmebic Autabior Ors net Aom - ya Ail” Gn be both Aymeubric and oakiSymmebie » TE Can be Wath Aymmebtc nor ankidymmebrte - Scanned by CamScannerad) Trenatttue Adon t= A velation Ron a atk AH ® Aatd do be tanstve 2p wheacwr (0,6) ER ond Cec) GR ten (a,c) ER VY abjce a ei “2. ‘5 ane transitive 99 tee ack ot a; aaa nals an or ant ty arb ee ye ean ome - wy ab, OG RB Circl not, Mow = Ro & nok transtivve th thew exist 6,6 GA such thet (a,b) ER ad (ec) ER but (a,c) da. — x pubvalunce Adation t= A dalatg R ona “ERS Acid fo —_———_— Le on tytvalenes stekion on A 4b Rt Asklevive , AU™HNUOME and fantthve on A &ie' =! ty on quobince diloKion ao Ka Ark of oll Reol no's, Equivalence lames - Lee R be 07 Cypivalene Artation en a AEA we we he than te aie WOM EF wees OR a ens go a aty Re ebay te eyetinlane state ot ott Aerpeck +e RB. Tha eyptvolenn dan G danced by Ria) or [a] of & . tht Dae pls pels xeal (9) ERY. ge Ae VOCE dG) bys [sJe $a} Ro a de wile A 2 age idk STERN ENS thane Cict eis Ek ~ non emPhy nubstt My, Ar, A3a-- Ak Bh A Auch thet the bettoro- —ing do | Conditions lold + 4) a G ats oh A fae AR Aa Ute UUM. m fay 2 of HY heels Ay face. Be We diajoint ew mnape gd ger THiS Then Pe LA, Aay--- Amd B Gbad oO Porkition ot A: leo Mn, fa. AR OM Called te blocky ov Coult of He Partition. A Poakitinn sf a mk with 6 Llecks Ceatlt) & ax Alrown Letow: as Scanned by CamScanner° @ Probium * ( AWrwing Alo bions bh lak A= $12.8}. Debeamine the nature of the fell mraing Aste Won on A ) Ree fo) GY (na) (3,05 — Darglextve _ Sy momety — Nnon- trantifive + ~ ® ={0,) G2) G2) (aa). — Refxive — TSanai hue = Asymmetric (not Agnnmutbric) a) W@ = ON) (29694 — Rafbxive — Symmetric . fauivalance Athobion — thongst we wy) Rye Lenn) 2) (22) (29% = symmetric ( fqivelena Relation Tranrt tue vy Be = $044) (2,3) DY Non aecive or Darrhlrive — nok syrnmabric fe Asymmetric » = Tiansitive 4) Res 10,9 (3,4) (2,4) = Transihve — Toareplexive - — Nok 4ymemrebsic wy Ry = 2D C95 = Tre fuxive — non tacasitive = nok Arymmebric Scanned by CamScanner2 ond Robe & Atheakicn on A - YT A =fr2,3,4h , Give an example ct a mation py @ each of tu fplloroing | T) Acyaxiue and Aymmebic » bub no transi te GH) aekexie ond thon Sitive yuk = wot aym mdsic BH) Aymmebic ant transitive , but nok Aatlaxive asta) {0.0 G9) G9 Cau) G2) CN (2,2) (295. a) 20) (22) C4) 094 wy fon G2) 2) G4 (33) ay lk A= fi2,auk and A= Jot. 2.022 Ca aa), Cor be a Adtation on A. Veriky that AG on Gpivalint aelokony gol 4- To Very KR hon tapivalene Awaken 4 we hove an troe AR a Abexne, Aymmebic and teonsiftue - 9 Cun (429 (3,3) Gah) bdog + R- & (aa) ER VaeA oe AR Reklexive - 47) 0,9, Gn) € Rod (3,4) (4,3) & R a df (aj) GR , Heo (uc) CR wr a,bOA. mR S&S Ayre est 2 wy G2) GN G)ER> (an) 0,2) (49 ER, (4,2) (34) Cy) © R- NO. ee ee Weis SE ate RG Rr onsitive « thea R & OF teptivalina vtlakion , 7 Do Hua prcblern obte Bh combining with oth by Lee Ae 312,345,698 T NO MIZD © Om his ak cabins Rho Batorion R by (HYVER Bh Ty B aw murkiele & Ss. Votky thot Ro & on eapivalancs Atokion . Solgi- 1) Fy ony XEA, wo blue Gg x20 GU a mulkpk 5 (2 0=6x0) & GW eER- Po Re AskUxive Scanned by CamScanner-. ® wi) fy ony YE A, dh (ay) GR than Any = Sk pr Bone inkeger k D> Yet = Fk) Ao thot (iO OR - ve RR aymnmebatec iW) Ry ony AWZEA, ik Gay) CR ow (4,2) ER, Aeon ay = Sk, Od Y-z=Sko bY AO Intageg Ki ond Ka oe A-2 = (A) ~ (2-4) = (r-y) + (4-2) = SK +Ska = SCK4+K) we (4,2) ER- ay R & Thansibue - Ths RA on epWalkne Wallon . ST Ba NUMURE, where Apsqay, a SBuy ond Ras Define Bu Adabsn Ron A by Ry Sh x and yo or Fo dia kame “eh AZ, T= 1,23- tc Sas qutvalen Arlation 2 Ale: A = muAe VAs = $4,2,3, 4,54 R=16.0 GD GG) G3) G4) G9 (2) (3.4) Cy, 2) (423) G4) (s,593 Ro & Afexive ‘J (ae) GR Vata. BYR 8 Aymmebic 27 whenunr (as)ER, CeadER Vaeeh Rou wot drone °F (,2)ER, SER but (2) GFR. ve RB nak On eqpivalene rabion . ” for a fixed tnkeger 171, Prove trot the Adlabion " Conquict module n“ Chan cyiteahinee Whekion og Ma ab of at totes Z - sel: Fr omy BER, “a & congraant to b module 9” [oa = bs {model} 4 a-b & a muhpkh ot 9. © a-b=okn lpr Aom Kez. le RB be a whetion on % defined by ORL Yb & = b (mod n) i) ue hae = ar-a =O = OXN = asa (mod 9). aRa > a Me Aeki ne Scanned by CamScannerM Boa aRy . a = b (mod n) e . Q=-b= ka ey b-as (-k)n. ey bea (mea? (1h & OF” kev) bRa thes whined @ Rb, LRa Va, bx. a Re Aymebyc ‘ wy) lek = aRb ond bRe. u A = b(medq) od b = c (mod n) w a-bekyn QO od bec = kan + @, Kis ho ez Ori@ => a-c Q-c= Ckytk)9- = kntkn ry & = C (mod n) (€ Ky he ez) akc. hes Re oad bRe =) aRe, V aAbc CK a wv RW onsitive . mes Ro on tapivatence rHhakion sp Br Ge equivalence rttalion , 2401.0 C1,29 (21) (212) C8) (44, 2) (2,2) Ci) aefinad on tte aek A =P DS induced - YY. Dekeaming Hee Porki Hoe sol Te getvalsow Chanyses of Hoe ataments eA wk KR we CJ =$,24 [als 4124 (3) -43,43 fuj= iat. st thee, or'y C1] ond [3] oe diaback - 2 Patten Pe fury ,taly = $4,233.03) Un Khe PON oo ok He given A taduced by & . [ob sce wet Az fijulel= fro} uta) = inane | P.T.0- Scanned by ‘CamScanner -® & 2) Rad bu Partition of A induced by Rs Yven A= 91,243,4,8,6,9,8,9,10, 0,124 Sd R= tow CR tL xy A a mulbiple of 5). (4,1) (212) «=. (21) a Re Le, 1) (42) Ce, 8) (4,4) (10,5) Cn 6) (13,59) (1,1) (12,2) (8) ca.) (s,abCe,4)(5 19) (0) (a,12) (Lu) Cia}. eo Lae @) One fquivalena Clardts Cyeiben Glefa ne} Cal= 4384 Lule {4,9} [s}= ts,10}. AN Kure Chests ONE aus Hack & Pe $019, c23, 081, GIC8]} we the by Rand A= {ren ofa aaay essed Ota oFssteh Poatiken of fi Induced ay bak A = $1,2,3,4,5, 69% end Ro be tee egpivabinte ahion On A alot induces Ake Partition A= Srayuysyoju,say ores . fired R- Sol?;- Given Paskitten hex y blocks * gay, §2h, Yas ad, isd Ler R be tke epivalinu THabron Joga kus Paakivea . Sinte 1,2 rc tn tHe Same block , we hove IRI, War, 2A, BAD- Sinw 3 been te Wok [3], 3R3. Sing 4)S,4 belongs, ko Aarne block 4 RY, YRS, 4YRE, SRY, SRS, SAF , FRY, ARS, TRF - Sina 6 bdongs o Ce) , 6RG. Re $a) C2929 2908, FED, SIH, CSM NSONS-9) CHW) C415) G/*) (6,0). pia ee @ rors by ayo [a] = fxew] xRah. Es (renter Exe ra = 21,60). Scanned by CamScannerop Lek Az {73 4/S). Define 6 ailabion Room AXA bE (91) R(Xa Hs) Ak and onty AS tok PR on eyptvalene viletion o4 AXA. caves LCA), C0) ona [er] = % te: 4) vesthy i) Debamine Mu Uaytivalance ii) Detamine SMe partition ok AXA induced by R- 4) @) Rr ony (nu) € AXA, we hove At ms aety. =) (ay) & Guy)- sc) Rw Aehltwe - ) for ony Gui), Ma, 92) © AKA Suppose (U4) & Casta) He UTS) > ty = Ut: =) (2,492) Blau) = 2.+9% R is Dyromnebe c c) fox omy Cay), Crys) COs) © AXA, suppose (Ai) & (Cds) and (e242) 8 (3.98) then ytd, = eto and AatYa = A%3tYs = t= ts - =) (y,4i) & Oa,4a)- Q&A transite chur R 4 on Salalne velekfon - wy) ue hase [onaj}= Tawye axa | cage 020) = ftuy) © Axa] aig = 43 243 = 80.3) (294 {ise a=$034,5)) wt fay)) = £09 (4) (3,3) (5104 Con) = $o.05 M1) To ateemine Hae Porkition taduced by clement (4, " R, we have fo OEE bind ar R Ha epivalina closer of ott y) AKA ee Pio. Scanned by CamScannere ee Con] = fa) - “4 To.) {G9 G0 = fe, I} wa} [es) 2.94 = pad = (O8) Com) = Leu (od O2)GT= found) < feel [1] Peat: LOK) [esi] = cus) csi) G3) GY) ana)}= Les] LO + fo): loa fej. {eso awtns}= Us2= Lead) = Lona) [as] = 1696 (t= Leu) = fsa). Tons = {eusd tsa) = [e4)) [(si)] = Les. 3} ahs fond, Lon) (0-9), Conwi), 9) Lot), (6-9), feasd] , [esi] ee B+ orks aushnck eqntvelene, cenit of AXA oF AR. Pash 'tten asprrrrted boy i ‘ faduced bY Ro Pail, fest oh tod tive). (ens), Casi), (6.9) (es) (axe = fa.) ofc.) ufcua) ofernae [cvs] ¥ [e293] 8 [e299] v [tus] vfs, =I) ny Find tbe number eh apivelince mulation thet Con be defined OS faite BRE A with wice. —7do_i9 $rd okre —=_—_= Noter— The no. oF Positble wars to atta en) attack syed toto tnt ideakical plus a with eenphy Placer cowed UU Gen by the fermute p(n) = - gtm,1) wer mR? udene stn) & 11 the Stirling om ber oh ard Kad gen by a P. K, Sm,0) = aT S a) (Can) (a-wS™ pr men. * kro this no. Jepacsentt tae no. of Wont of acrranging “mm! objects Toko On didinck= Conkainens with ne Conta ote Me amehy Scanned by CamScannerBelo Since IAl= 6, the ParsNea aA & Gr hax otmokt £ cou Treaby Be then AO oject (u& mae) ond eth aes, Carbetean (Gos 6) g iw nae <, wo] a = 1 [2-2] =a) - 3 S,3) = * 2 ey (eax) G4) z sf 3x2 6 anit] = qo. sea) = £ ea (ey) _ ape ux 3 © cxat yx it] = es sede 5 5 a (Pa3,) (s-*¥ ST kn . a A ne gu uty roxat—texata oxi] = is tre 6 . ste.¢) = * 2, oF Geen) (69) < x[é- cxse $I5x4 * sax at pisxa - ex"+0] =! wt, Ne. of Poabitont eA P(e) = 1431 +90 FOS+IS +) = Aod G B03 Hivelence Aslabing Con ve dekinnd On A Scanned by CamScanner@) antisymmetric Ono Partial Ovdiar 3. A statis Ro oon a Ate AW Anid ko be O&O potih ovam on A, RH ahexie, feansthve on A. A atk A wilh a Partich order okebined on Sb & Gted a Paskiably ord Sek (oy) & Poste and U denoted by the Pain (A, 8) - fxi- The Adlaton 2! on te Ack of att tategens tk Panttal evan & (Z,4) & a Pog the Ataticn by! ON the ack of au tategeas ts a Partial ovder - 2. (2, %) & ag Pose Tokal ord + Lt Ro be a paitih) owdin og a Ste A - shen R & Cated a ketal order on A, ih ter ob ary GA, then xRy oy qk%- Tn thin Que y Mu Post (A, R) 4 Colca totally erdued Gk - Exi- The Patio) orden Atlabion ‘A’ & A Lokal orden oc9 dhe Sct coh atl Acad nombtray TR btcoie yor ony, VYHER, we howe KEY oy eX. CR, Z) & a totally ovdd sek. Note:- Evay total ord & a parkicl order bulk eyeuy powkres orden need not be o Lotal ord - asse Di a a me gutstion on a (enith mk, oe fon drew) cdigkaplh of a Panttel odin - Le Since @ Parktol order 4 Sublexive , oO every verkos of dighaph ch Partial order thers will bee Loop . wile drrassing he digaph oF partial orn, we de ot Aloug ae Loops explicétly . They Ot be automat Undustoed by convention - gu Th tha atgloph of Paatiod ord, dy thar & on says fom vertex gq to b and On edge kon wettex b EOC, then Shane wi be on edge bom a bo c (Bur of taonsitivity) » BE we do nok exlebiE On etge fom a to c explctity . TE oil Le omkomatically Undastood by convention « Scanned by CamScannerB. To Atmpaipy Me feemak ot Ha ai goph cf a parbial @grten. , we Re parser’ ta vevbor by det ond draw thu dagtoph. a wey Abwot att akg § Ppoiat upward. wilh bit convention we need not put arrews Tn de eye fa Auch The dicparh a a feobicl ort dawn by atopting Ah conventions Yadicdad alow & Cold a Posek diagiam OF Ke Hae di ram fey Bu Porbiol evdir . Problums ye A = 23,4} ond Re 3016129 (2,2) Cn). (0,3) (3,8) (2,4), Cyt) (yy)). Very that & & a Pasklal order 07 A - Aigo Lorie down He Hate Bagram per RK: et Sta thok” . : solo, 0 (0,0) CR VY ach. Hurce RoW Alexie Of A are e wu Ate thal ) tk Gat) © R ond ab, en lea) dR, V abe: Rw antlsymmebic - tr th Gare) © R aed (ec) GR Hun ue Ate that (ac) CR. 2 RB Uw teansifee thu, R Ug a @Pabelicerdi og A- & (AR) a Posek- the Hane Diagtem gr Ra 4 not be tn Aon a viakion of He Stk £2 912,3,44 Achincd by Weaky Gk % aida q. Prove that (a,R) & a Drove stk Haste diagkom - si. R=} COND] TH EA ond 1 divides a] a 2 C41) Gye) (13904) (2.9) (2,4) (8,3) Cad) {) ue ace Mok (aja) ER ¥ ty leak Ro be Posk - aca. > R U Ahexive Oe A HD Tp (OER and Ab, ten ue se Mok (Ha) de. ae Ra antisymeveric oa A | Scanned by CamScanner" © WY TL (aye) ER ead (6c) ER, Mun ae fe tak (a,c) ER. fe Rw th ansitve - Thus R & a Porticd order 00 Th Home diagram yr RA as Austen) “lees 4 << A. & (A,A) & A Posek . 3) be ac {u2,3,4,6, 8,12). 00 A, dabine Ae partial Ordering dation Ro by aRy th x14 thot R 4 a Parked | ordi on A. Draw de Horie diagtom bor | ade: R= Yo. 0.90.3) Con) ue 0,8 C12) (43) | (3,3) (3,6) (3,12) (au) (4, 2)C4 12) (6,6) (642) (a8) (12,293 . =y Rw Ablexive - (ay ue me Met (an) ER VaAEA. = i ab (ejb) © R ond adh, Man vue te thot (6.0) GR- + Prom ay 4) (2,6) 02, 2) (2122, Ri anttsyenmabic - a) th (a,8) ER and (ie) GR nseany Are Hot (a/c) CR- oe. Rw teen siti ahus Ro w& a Partoh Seder on A & (aa) 2 Oo Potek The Hote diagioms c& 04 Gelow: & nm 4 6 a 3 ' uy Draw fa Horse diagtam rprrieting Soe positive divisor of 36. (Soloy The 2k of atl posite divison sh 26 Dae = 41,2,3,4,6,9, 1 18,36). | The Moon R oh duis G ARE Uk a Ades b- ao Porbicl order on dit Ach . | we KOR lok, Undir R | - ai Scanned by CamScannerU& Adeked to all clenenk kD @ 2 & wy —— 3,4,6,12,18, 36 3 4 ———— 3,6,4,12, 18,36 yu ,12, 36. 6 1 ——— 6,12, 18,36 qu ———3, 18, 36 few eee a, 38 won » IS, 36 ae » ———_ 2c. 3c ae Ws Hasse dliagsam - 4 4 2 3 = yoauias gy The dtgferh fer @ Atlakioo 0 Be ase A= $1,243,681 Q ate dooa oty Ahown edow: Vaiby Tok (A,R) Ge Pork at Ht davon cab: R= LCN OIG DLO C79 2,6) 2.902926) 6 ceo). 4) Rw Akixive Boz (asa) @R Wach- Rod anksymmebic tor sh (aie) GR and a fb, tan we Ate that (bs) ER. WW) R & tmanihve bloz sh (a,b) ER and (b,c) ER, we Ae thar (oc) € R- hus Rw A Parbiel order oF Ae & (AA) Ww a@ Posts Hare diagtars ¢ — Scanned by CamScanner. @ OY The Home ainjtam of a portiol order Ro on Ht sek Re §ia,d,4.56) & Os given below. Lx devon Rag aw Aube ot AXA. confyuck GR digaph. Aso jm. ws G mratix of Rte Porttal ort - TOK Sie Flew Hu dagen, i Ld IRT, IAW, IRE, DRA, AAS ARC, BR3, BRS, RG, HRH, URC, SAS) SRE, oRG. ee REAO OH O.0 229 299 0,92) (3,5) (3,6)C4 4) C419) (s, 6) (6,69) (s.s) of 6 ! | | | ! | l | ° ! ° BD Br AsfawGdeh, Ha Home stoxtam pr tbe Poset ~ (A, ®) e ww as Alown below: d fer A b © Tt) Condteuck tte digraph be Re ee) sol .- Rz \Ca,0) (a8) (aA) (a,c) (bb) Cord) Cee) Ceo (4,4) Cae) (e,e)4, a b die ©) Cce,d Cer e) nme e afr yor ry | Oe: blo lot | ¢j}o of t | dJooo1 | | Scanned by CamScanner2 Tr tee folloroing Gen conkidun Hu partial arti of divi sip lity On Mu ack A. Draw te Hoye dtapram gee Ble Posek and Ackiming ushetlo Bru Pork & totally orduud or mot - G) a=fh 23,8 6, 10,1S 204 i) A= F244 8, 1c, 324, Solos 1) Re 41,1) 61,29 (1,89 C89C1,6) (1, to) C1 1S) (1,30 C2, 6) Oto) (2,30) (3,3) (3, 63,18) (3,30) (5, 5) (5, 1°) 5) 1s) (5,30) (6, 6)(@,39) (10,18) (10,38) (15,18) (1, 26) (30,395 or CA,R) & nok obeoty ordusd tk bts | 2,3 th A nit 2 dtd B roy 3 divides > - tay R= 42) (4)C2,9 C216) (3132) (4H) Crs) Gale (4,32) (8.9 (2,16) (8,32) (te,16) (16,32) (a2, 3299. | 3m 1b Scanned by CamScannere @ Extremal climenta in Poset © Consider a Post (AR), ve dane Acme Aptctal chmen Glled cxtrema elma dha may exist a - Qo an deren Qe A & Glas 2 Maximal tkment ip thee Oricts no oa ch A otk Han ‘a Auch thet paRx st ‘o! u roaximal cement iy and only 3k Kane angio of R, no aye Ata ak ‘oO! An temenk AeA YH GIs a mrintenal Aliment i), thee sxists no Din A oth Hon a’ Auch Het 2xRa minimad lament 3h and onty tk in Hasse dtegrar aR, | | ec 4 | no edge taminks at ‘a’. (3) An cemenk ACA & called 0 gfteast themenk ARa VER. Gall cumerkun ge A AE be aR to A feast clement of A fp 3h , -f aRx AEA a oO sad be tated FO oH emarts of A Duk BGA. Tn aq teak g GCA BU Ged OF upper bound of B Sk waRa > ¥ xER- & ost Chinventy 5 —— Artetk GB Ad bee asked fo . AeA w& Sted a 10 uw Ged a y) An cemenk OE A 6) kee Bc A. Then on sement ot 2 Ra, VUES ee NS & subur B- a) Le BEA. Ten an cement AEA & Gls tHe wound (Lua) of & ik ty a UW oo wpper bound & B&B ond i) TE a! UPS opper loons of B, then aRa! 3) lr Be A. tha on eumenk a GA & Gilad He qeoksst od (GLB) ct BH Louse Qa a tower boued & B ard +. alse \ W) Tp ad Wa Lover bound ot B&B, Han aRa- nofe:- LUB is also Called Suparrmum and GLe a y ———_Tngienum « Scanned by CamScannerLotkicer s- lek (a/R) be Oo Post . “hig 2 Cotted a Lahti ® ih VY Ay GA, He clmente Lup fuyh od GLB Fayh exhct in A- ty (WN, <) & a Metta. By at WY fa N, GLBQwa yy = min Suyh ond Lue Jonas = rm axfus) - Bot of Herre batons to N- ah aig ctkvisibility = Atekron and wy zt ay (at, t) & @ beta ne \ for ot %,4 fo ee Que} ayy = qt (ais) ; Lug $2144 = Lem Cary) = Bote sf Hee belong Problems 2— ly for she Pos (A,R) Aeprsentd by Ku Hasse dio | Bind i) meximed Ti) insmod tty qeeske se end iv) rot elemmant(s) 9 4 b) ss 6 Sd! 9) 5 and & Om ra aximal cements \ Bw a Minimal Utment . ty Bee Leask element (7 | sutcted 1 & No -qeakst thament(-" net CM uot wot GS &) Maximal > 3,5 Grkest + No grutest(*! 5k ‘ose Hintwol > ', © least + No Lost (*! \Ke | GRIN) 5 0 ; ‘ ’ Gaeetest 1S (12 AS, 2AS ORS UES ce) 4 Uaximel 1 5 a “tS ® Hintmal + 1 leave 2 1 (YR2, IRB. IRULIES) a I ev, yt f £ fa a) af Moximet: & 1 quasst : ° e Minimal 3 a Leagk 2m b o Scanned by CamScanneré q ” e | Haximal ? 6, ‘t Protst i No (4) uy fo A i 2 A Minimal 4 1,2,3 Aeast : No. 3 BY consiter the Hasse tingram a a Poset (A,A) given bela a Th B= fcAr,eh , Aad (ch Muy exist) 3 h V) au uppte boveds of a. a { e Wath bower bovets of @ < WW) Mee Leask upper bound of & b W) the greatest Love, boone of @. a figih- sols D A Cyd, els ore fy Bone abated FO Soin 2 Fgh Om oppeRr foounts fF QW. AD) Whe chementt Ab CO autates to all oh cide uslately au in Be fe A bre Are Loree bowrels Af B. at) The upper bound + sh fh salad bo the other “pPss bounds gow h oe. oF & te Lop ot &- & LuBlp)= Ft ef B oe Adatd *O Hu loot, gy) THe lover bounds a ond b & |rea(e)se he. 6 & Khe aig ot &. bound = C 3) Rr the Posckk Altoron fa He tPllorwing, Horre atagsams , Nod WW) a lower bourdls 7) au oper boondlt wy) GLB ot He seb B, whe ) Lo® ond Ba fede} i eG) ond B= 3B, 4,54 tm com Ce)- g s C G) 4 Ce) c d 3 4 2 a b t ee aeloi- @) 1) at of cide which ore to B So GF gq re opp bods ot B. c,d, which OF au sete d to f19- i) The dement a lated bo att ot in B. whe Aw lowsey bound of B. Scanned by CamScannerTO te veper bound cof BU Atlaked to Ree Otter oygpen boustt Ff ond of 8B: ¢ fe oe uk the «CLUB ot B.C CLUB(B) = w) G@Le(s) = a. by 1) 5,9 tom Bae Upp boot of B. (not 6 °° sKé) i) t,2 On ke lout boundt of a. WD) tha G mo LuR o B- ww) 6@tB(8)= 2 Scanned by CamScanner° Fart &) De® ak A wed B be nen empty Aetr . “then a punckten (or a mapety) fem A te & is a xileken prom A to B Auch Ehet for cack a in A, there emigh A Unique & in B Bun ter (a,b) 6 f. Then we writ beatla). Hee b & Giled ee image of a and a i cots he Parimage of b, abso wader fo the chmant Nets an argument oF the funchice $ and befe) a Called Mu Vote of she fonction Foy Be agement a. A funckion f fora A to B duncted by $2 AB. The Pictorial AkParrentation of fu at below ¢ ' a fj : hua 7X * {°. wos, wot A af ; “ tx wot a fo". s Every gunden fh yelabiog buk aveny aelaliog Bloor, AR & a Aelatyon fond A tb B Hen an Chment oh A Gan be Pelatid to 2 Cements oF BR ander R- Bub vader & fincbiog , an temen® RW Con be Achated bo ony Ce clemenk of B- of athe subeck of a mu «Oko % for We pincKen WA B, A cotled tee FeMaro PMG Qe cae Bo qasemain ot F- ay % comistngy of Hee Images & ou cima of Bonde £ celled tre vege ot fF, denoted by #(a). Hebe if } eve a tn A boon to Sonne Pair (a,b) Ef ond (aei)ef ond (aybs)EF ben b= ba. te Uamenk LEB need woe bee o pidtnnge TH A, Ure hy |g Too dip mats oP A Gan hone He ome ternge To > under $- Scanned by CamScanner| Wy The seatrmett fate f , afb and bata) aug | daulleslenle: a) Thkog 4 6 forncton bom fb By khan f of ewyarg tament of A te Aame fn By anc fo Mie Core fea) = feh- Scanned by CamScanneronko (Suajectue fr) Y We function tA PF Fa AFB Ani to be an onko -f\ — fhem A bo B® dk for eyvug chiment b of Q, thos exist? an Gament a of A such thot f(a)ab. \e- $F a an onto 49 from A to B Hk every chemenk b of B hat a putmage tn Ase fange dq f 2k. No erent in po ud be be Hy one—to- ow Fenton s— (injective 49 A #7 FF AB gots he ke tn Gute one $% Bm A to ® the SEbb- Punk damenkt BR A hove Atyhtrent imeges fo B under +. tea) = flex) then OF =O, wha, 0, ere ab (or) de par en Flay) $ tlar) Cry condae posi tive). S) One-to-one Corneapondence (Bijedsue #9 or Ri jection) 2— A 49 £:A5B Uw Aatd to be an Onn to — Ore Corres Porctence tie £ Be both omr—to-one ond onto Th ft: 1B wo bijective FS, then every clement ch oR hat a unique troge fx Band every cement ah BR Kes a unique primage in A- Propertien of functions 4— \ ie ff: xy be a £9 and A ond B be arbitrary ren —emphp Aub seer oF X, Meo DT] 428, tan fa) & fe) tt) $(ave) = Fca) vu fee). ts) ECO B) S FER) 0 FCB) and Hee Capsatitiy belelt iy F&I. Leh ad BB be finite felt ond + be a Ff? fom A fe BR, then He pollooing one bru’ * V) EE + & ous—to-one then lal < ler. % TE -f & onto ten [Bl 4 lal. tm TE F & bijective then TAL = IRI 3) Suppore IAl= |B) ond 3 AB, Hen £ uw ow —to-ore th Unto + Scanned by ‘CamScannerWY TR fi nam and IAl= 10] . then fw bijective 52 fu owe boo or onto m BY BE Ft: aap | lem ond 18) en thin thee Oe 1 funchios from A to B od ay m 20 Ben Shine Me ab our-to—onme functions fiom A to B. Co-m) L Staley numba ut Second Kind 2 Lee and Bo be finite Acta with lal=em ond Ble , where myn. then te nvmnber of onto fancten Kren Ato B & gen tte bormuta ¢ 9 = i pleo,a) = 2 a) (0 C.) (n-ne Kzo . (Sb men, tren there cou ne ovr fpr A te 2) with pera 9) aes by the above formuba , te Mo. (henn)| u Gud Be Stirling wmber ho Mie Second Kind and U denoted by stm,n) + , ‘ ah yeets to 1) the no. Ge porsthl Wooys fo orsign tm! distinck ole jee ta! titenkteal placer Ceontarnes) with ao place Ctonkainer) tbe empl a oe by A stm.n) = Pe 2 LS OM) OW fr mr 4 ke wy aiatinee obyectt Fo fe ch possible ways to osrign tm! At es Rt) The no esd by vat Tadenkicad plas with emoehy pens - Pim) = 5S stmt)» for mee 421 nd Scanned by CamScanner® wa ae He pe owing ae WS: . Deka ming Jedi. Ga} a) dua) 9) Gay} Aca Shak SEF aa an) ef a Hh element 2 ch aged ay Hee arynE cements 3 ot! , under £ - 2 = Pa wo fu ne ad \ > SS Pe A Bp ac Ae Bab, Unie 9, Cumy clonent sh A w atetid bo a wie climek & A- a - a. — 9 4 # gem) A ) Rage Ht g = gl) =hfiud A apps bei . thts bot ne Apical aisy sy ue Ae fo, dtp ts, $8. cease FL ASR (eee we Zam Aa) wmobes) dea by ata. faa mowmey & F- adez- Fle) a1. Rw the Fs Boar yact! fy faye) 220743041 238 wt 40)=4. 2) =, F)=-5, #(2)=-2 1, A-a)=-S8. as ‘ay + t= j-sa,-21.-5,1, 3,4,19). ay be a2 41,2.3,4,5,6 od Bz 6,7, 8,9,104 » The fo $: AB & dat by $= 507) Gn).9 Ge) (5.9 Coady: Déomine Fe) ad FA. TE By = f4, 84 ond ge, = 499,193 fea £°(B1) as #4(82)- Scanned by CamScannerSf s- By aah, 4) = fuea} to) =6) #6) = Juealsa)seh = fad. Fi(q)= J real} to) = q} = {sje}. For ony BSB, by Ach? #'(p,) = freal tae a}. FO) 6B, when FOD=T amd Foz 8, Rr 8, =f7,8h, a From the de of f, ue +e thok $0 27 vohen %=1 oad Hla)a 8 whe H=3- vw $4 (ei) = $12,384. wl #1 (a,) = frea] ty) cbad afased. Wy bee F ROR datined by 4x) = BY. for ro —3xt+, fr x40 4) Dekamine 0), $4), 4(3), (73) ty aed Fe), FO), HON, HO, Mea, 176). i what oe 41( Gs,s]) ond $4 (E«,51) 2, eh ;-i) He) = —3)41 =1- f(-)= —38)t1 = + (58) = 3(S)-s = 0. 4p) = -a(-S)41 = 6 ty By aur #40) 2 fa eR] $O) = b). 3 Hilo) = Juen | to)= 0}. Canavan f(y) =o - aiesco (xe) wd Sat = o (10) a 3x =) = A= Y3 70 HE wot Postible HasJa ro Possible Scanned by ‘CamScanner@3) ah PM) PSI). ) Pays fa eR] te—=13 f=) ss 3u-S) (aro) ond = SRS I (x <9) => 3u 2 6 3% 20 e270 UW Med #4) = $0.24. c) 44 (4) = jrueR| $00 =-15 424 = 34-824 (x70) ad ant a4 (x49) -3axe-2 = Baay Sern iy et a wo HLS Heh, 2) Cy = Jrem | te= a} ~ 3 (x49 ) 4) fos ay 3X-5 =3 (x>0) os H3satl = gx ef we a Hee 2-45). #43) = \ wer] #0 =-3) = 40 fedc-3 = 3x-9=73 (xo) and T3NATS a (<9) —3ae-4 2 =e a= 4/3 a4 2 ea = Vb fice) = 2 %E* peaje64 Ha]e—e => Ba-B =F (1x0) ond — BH EG (x40) s 3ua-l —3%=-7 t=-Y2 » xe Ya x “(zits dh. 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