QO EC 14D > VFO), Fe Adentity ebementk Tay ‘ CHINESE REMDINDER THEOREM: dit Gh, Ba... ob Re Lean HA , ” i cd ret - Bye Oy = HT AE cund Of CX COPng vtej, ebjen, | s Oy a Auayeetin E> O10 aol ons ores Laprinds WAAY Meita, ” sity . 3 Seg BS Grote = C0? Ci) ws Anpectiue ne Lote ob op au Many by Glad =(ArOy areas ae We proue tris by Unauctim on ns Fol w22 , pevteus pupesttin Dsus Aye AMutt As AXut fOr Wes tdeals (ce) Tf Bt, Oye Ol axe prise coprint ceherts A, 7 nt Hen Tre = Am a ie ly dk ota Pere, For ——— @ ' Bxpere ad FqpeMm se AA =) Re ge on aed ard nce AC D> (WY OrYa) Cl Yn) © Ot I= (lems Containing Sori 4) = % for Somme KEM Ut Y= terns lomtaining dorms Qi -& On— = 1-H fos wee WE OC And Yo On ey a) eet - oa a fa em Cepcime a pace at. An = C81 Hy 4, ne ao (gor =?? , Tete. Hn fer piehpen 7 Be, and BY 2AtR CAPEK wos anol nttnock twin oh geriratity tor Ca} ° vet IFS ye ee n On a eas rat sa T Ase (ey (04 8t, » OF 7? perenne 7 0rey DET O18 as sunpedte , 2 KEP ena =(B 7, Bp Te 7 BD (2481 FOB om XBL». Were) = (Orn Sy Ba ee. OF On) xreg = ory 0 i#j > “eer: ae L@o xtetg = Iti BD 1-H eo —-@ whera l+j BU) +x Ee AE4OHY > Le try doe eC, = 67-8... 0) Ae? 2 CO, | ODL ee ye @n = CO,6,--., 7) Mag Calm > ; 3 haw J wea «At Hlzz) a at 7, e297, 8,-.8) Foo GHC , G0 and ot 4 coprine > Ixp ea ee and 2 apeory st ap ref atas RAE p lati i, ine, TY ep tre yD 2 | & bt J 14 oy = Oree7 =o for Jot zie 7 4p = Wt xj) = bam) Claea) Bam) a, ftaj VCH I aye ny . ie (ee RY corm xp) 14x, CAB por come KE MT bez) = (0, 0.-- 6).=el) rh ee oppor (Be dir, & ET Mag Q2, +O Zp te Fan Bm E A dst x bey ofa, 2) te >t Qnzn ) = bly) +Pplarta) geen t+ &(An2n) = Gla) Pl) + pcasyolZs) +- , GgfOtn) (2) +O 1 (Ant Ota) (ZN FO = Lt Plan). bl2n) alate rn 2 +2) FO) He # CGat en » Zpren) BO, +e gece, yt Hy LET Bre OP + (a, 4M,» Met + Opti) (8,7) BO) 4 (Ant Hr p= An Hom) (oa genye CiREN AatOls rm- 7 Ont An) n » an ) eg Aloe 1 box 1K og es oD Ay Araggtus . n Gp A Te, pe o> fur b= {5} ier hesge fren: don = 6} 1 UTA) = COTH, OF Per 048%n) J [rer (er 04) HO, = {xed + tog = OF! pvieleny ofwea : ~EM iwreieny hee = {xe 2 xe orda jar de Dove Fas Ae b- fh & Aor fel ae & Hence Ade proposition pRIMe AVOIDENCE THEOREM ° i) tet Ji, Bas Gn be primes ‘duals of A anol gp Xe ar Gial poly tet oe VU Fi thor ace, 4 we Zedtre hh Bit §% rape tat Mh BS 01,, Ota ree Pha n pp 4Aaws ee 2"? then oe Bg fon eomd TeGd ho) = giet” In pastinnr 44 =F then ay F Gy Te paptiitand op ee L ; man 2 FF ad U Ge ka pee OF ee pe gg 2 aaa me em Saemeae "eb dre rewelt 4% Baie For wel er Gr Paces Fro aXt plus ideals “a ete , HF FL =. or OFF Trouctins 6p je wecein, aod ge Ne FRG. then ad gz 1 fe a Pye By thelaction Aaypotes / ad U4 ify > sxe bub xe Oe > xp 4g, bole sie la} Foi. -mo™ 47, sypeot but FR re tej @ Casey , 4 x54 8 | ee ae fe1,2,.,0 , +f and 3 1G; n ree > af Og. Hence tne Hesse psCaxe 2: Aappee , VPater on 1 RPE BF now : xy + gE for inj. Cons der y= (% x... hy) 400 3 . ta) H(%1 M2 My -.. MD F PUK... HN) n, = 5% %2.. Xho ex um Aingue 2 teen = oa Commiebee El = ME RO eG ied (> REG, FJ Sh MMe Min eer Mn dg Gt “! Bi AB prime ideal, tse hae, zipar at weds 6) Note thet Ye 21+ 22t--- 7 Zn Chaim : y¢ oa ego 98 OF: yoo > Fl a 3 ete t+ t+ egGr 3 2 tF2¢--- tn =Pe fer aoe presi > Zze= Per (2, +2a4-- 4 Dy HATH AH FZ) > 2 gi peg. Zee Ge’ ket Wrek 16 & Unbadictm ye Doe be Te > HAE UE G) Bs equivalent fo shew tit “4 ab ieten, fF avi, 14C4n, a $F. at , 3D DEH At KE. n n me ten 2 OC ge > X= U%-- is- n > Ke Nn ist > ee wt, wten, «IB and Ante yn prime icbenk 2, Ma. an = x 4OG n 2 we OO HE but x4 y iy ‘ > OA ier #9 Hen Ate Areedd n pe Aaue Dm kg > Ji zt neg: nowt past: n ~ Auppese JOOL = g we Aa Lee 2a give Hi EG. {4 rene . Dey © oy Vie legen J? 2 6 eee pal alo, B ome and use haut or fg Oe ge 27/02) 2024 - Tassdey TpeeL QUOTIENT: yok A al & be ‘deals 64 A- bee Atpine Lebel quotient of Of ead & tre set FEA? xh ech @ xbeo bed. aed fb ae ieted, mn (5 5) Bq: tag :az)= [nee 1-2 2 gz} 2187 = {n> negere = [ree: Anke &ZF = @ = fned: NE42Z (62:22) 242 (PY lax) = prez h. tex € in} 2eaKd aways = 2 &y > 3u PeBe 3x25 (ue: e@) = fnew . MPSA? r2 dre “2 OZ gle 2x7 (ez. Laz) = fnez: ne ¢ B2y See oh In gent p (m2: nz)=] m= B. pie 2 pe * Bo By 6 a Br Ia PK (mzsnz)=kz whe kp Pro--s Pre oti Ay = man f%e-Bi Of. , Ga) & ged. (rn) = ph... pS, op = min Ki BY Wim FR-h.of 2 ar~ min (x, BE = > -- c- phe prarbsrpred 9, a min wi 7 eo et - Pee a “, a K- pi p* - FF pe Pees eee Bo pee. pee | mm) Reraork: 54, ot eA» (A, &) = fer: ansAah =” ap = 4 foot) = gac aH £ ane A =e (ot: A) = { 2e0 Tee oom (0:4) = (ocd: aA 20% =203 (owz)= (93 t= 0-274 0° Phen : . Bice tery oe § Fe thx BO. = 204% ,) nyDupeitios ANNIHILATOR it Ot be a Adeat tht anrihvletor CO asol clrvotes BS aun py A. tren (0201) 4» Calne! an ot aecl 6 ant “heals ap 47 fe The Aatal quot (oc. B? tn tn ahead oA Proof U4 wg & (e:5) > xben anol gb es & = ember Arel ghee L +be8 Getyrb = xbsyb E% - nay € CUb) fe aeh. and xe(oe: DD thes » xbewr Peal, pao Pure arb ©St or 4s ard HOHE OC > VYbeb. (ar)be ancl (abe > ax and rwé 6h) 1, (00: )4a an deat of A Hence » prourol Corollary ! Foot an tdit phaA , Arner as an dent. Prop Gon w= ©: %) = fo% ws an Cheat Ctruucal) Of A By previous aeveth, (0:00) 45 On ideal aA (et )= Pane as on cdeal of A Exowye :- 6) 0S (0 BD dt) (ar byb © o dir(lecb): 6) = Ct: Bc) =e) 4) (wy (AM bY = Q(ewrbd wv (oC: She) = (OC eC: be) PeeRapicp. OF AN PDEAL: det Of bea sdeal Of A, her The Andel op 1 sdenotd 25 ACH) Ms Abe Adt Alene FxEA! xe Ot fou som NF Bq: AChE) = fez . heyy fox xonenG = $02, Hb: a = 2b All) = 9°u 4( 300%) = ” A(126%) = 2b AChR)=EKES whew n= PO PL... pee alwew de OU k=fP2---Pa Ke TAA, Aloe 1xeA? ynetes } Alo) = 5 mEA Wao pr sonen $ aiod= MCA) (ret Aacltead ) Royle * eeynatke ST wet radical Yon deat a alo en Weal. Sol let 1 be an ideal OE A. Clan » ALO) Ab an ideal Conan the quotiert Aing AL ov dee Me (Mer) be tee, We Hacdhcnl OF A/ et. (édeal ) Led : Aa Ale he Ba naturel atng bey cphisan We knew Abat gt (mel Ym)) Ls On ident of A Ann, "2(A/g) 4a tdeal of A/a gil Pl Moar) = y xe ix VE Alor) 4 = fxer sxe EM (Mey 3 = {xea: (ror) = or for come otages ny nd YSCe (Mei) = Sreas nee Sony P| = jer - ane ec % gM Mey) 2600 —= A(R) At On heel OY A BE ci) OE LER) Ww? AlALH)) = ASH) acethy= 2lerb) = 9600) 3CBD Gi (iv> ace -A & ot-A aw acoth = AC CAFR CI) yw rg)= 2 04 (02) 20.25 ede be a Auber yA eek for sone 04> ACE) = Gres: cAheat. Put ALE) need not Be an dit D duce Aer set &Y% all yewdiniors of A SNe an tdeol ME, D= (6,332,543 bat 2434 D * De U ann x = U (ow = 290) eA 1 re ago 8 | det geD , AOL Of all pero dine Dycto) st *-Y =O > KAS Aanrinitate of YEA fe => xe any © Vann orycd wf > ee Vsnny (ee —<“‘—™—™s™SCS GV2. De VUannrx. =o OFxeA lek aE U any OFMEA = ayer At oe anny G #2) > + ylto) ate XG=O DS XK aA Aro dims > -~eDd UarnxeD — @ opxes ©O4@ > De Vax OfneA ee) D= ACD) ht “xeD > x'ED > xe acd) D£ ALD) @ dit ye ALD) , Y yao Dyed . $0, &t yo, Lt hh be Amattert Entigr nt yED => 3 x C#0) HA Bt Mg? =O, use hae 2-9" spo [te yer 26) 4 g. =e > ye? xen) 2 @ Utimately b+ Aue. D=xktD). let EF, Le a collictim Of rubrics of A tim A( VE?) = UACE}). Pacey yi, Eee UE AlE:) ¢ ACUE) UAE DE ACULE) ~~ @Let xe ALVER) gn a weve | FF a xe ACE?) £ UV ACE) ~- xe UAE) > alue) ¢ Usted) —@ pow O 1@- ATVE) = UAlbe) y D= U Alannwy. ofxeA P= alD) \by @ Do A[ Lan) | by © tne 7 = Ufawnnn)) | © - > ma aor ) al a be Fy o& ad b& ae (dea inl. At Ale) andl ALB) Art copeine then Gtarol B ~ BH puoe bee petme B- man bo — need not be rae: te Lek 4:48 be sing honomexphion , ne eee 4b 4 PP: (41H) %& ident) The téenk 4 1Cb> +s Catted contraction of Ht fn A frin got ar ideal HEB tren b°SbOA. =z # det fA > B Rng hemomeoiyzhiim ( G2) it oe he Adenk A. — (ay neon Mel pe a” end Oe Fg: Z— Aa by bn Chios on map fl2%) = 9z be 2% eS nOt an (deal deta: SED ae ouly onli in A.anna * lit 6 be a hubset af a ding Bo then the Adeal ginvoted by S + hha set i Shine 1 US be B, pt de favre wR Bul Bo are ere Clensty tb ck an bdel of Bo ad alae the Armaseeg (deel Cates *” dit 4: A—> B be a xing Aomonoephtinn and o As dhe Adel of A. frer the ertension of $0 Sin BR, Aneta as oe thé ee mang fBepece | A EO, b'EB whue acl Creep Finch | Ore Woe OF o2]ocsy- Te wit- MODULES Vector. Space oun a prttd 2 #LV,+> - abelion ro-p + Fev — Vv (xv ))-> ov > (+B). Va xv+py > a. (Utv)= aut av > (&. BP. V= om (piv? XY=O + x20 BY Yo > uveY. Dantmune generating et ~ Pa > J, aM ks a morkect eur a sng A. (onnuteti, Moule : df aie CM. +> 2s an abelian pup x AyM—> MM algined by (0%) b> an wugy 4 to (arb). % = ann bx d a amy) = OM tay Aveo wb veo ow veo il) (Ab) = Alb) () 1x%= % AE yeM and Yapeh. Cem ef os a A mectute . Gh) fey as a A. module det Ot be an theak OF A, theq Gil) ee Am en A ~modeele . ut ec be an ident of A then 0” Me bs an fx module . — prove tt Ex? 2 z As an ZG -modute Note Yen . pite cnpeatte (v) AlxI 4s an A = module . | Wy (Gt.4) xs an abelian GrrP (1g > FOR MG This 6 8 An Z~ moclute [Abetin ques O78 Aurlle our ZT Sabmeolute eet M be a A meolate . A rrebset NOE IM ay Ald ubmerlute 4 Mf MV 4's an A-malele Lolth same operation 6 ™M.Proposition: ember oN ay mM As @ hecbrectictt “4M Ap GN ae rem eneply ub Ao yen aay eN cy YacNaq¥uen » aveN , Nous Snotrtal atoags. Age Md abelian Mt N be a Submetute of MSSM +> 4 an Abeer group. Define Ax MA ——> MIN by (a, HN JE > OxEN. Wert Aifinednin: ltt HIN = aN Sx eN Alum) EN amen endl axjy—axreNn_ GxuIN = ae a, A(%+N) = a(%r4N). Ex: bt My 4 a A -Mmotute- i %K otuy fietd us -foritely aa xe TE VAs @ vector Apace cues F 5 then Vb a FH mode dit M and N be Bh — rnvcdiiles ig Bay & rapping fo MBN a a A homoriorphitn Ay prey) = 400 + fey) an flax = afin). Ex! Chuck whetir Tug anc heap he submnduelet —oe [03 Por ~ Wwedresct. | yee ws Aetbretite of M. tet my !e kere 2 fro fry =o New, flow fory = tor ty = plo - 4 $m) = 0 > xy eka$ ut 26A. fo) = foro) flax = A-ftx) = AO fiorto= f10+ plo) te ak flo) =0 ~ AKe . nS gto)aO (> pert +6. . 0b keg - * Ing f Ba subretuh of M, OM fted=o a oetng $ > Ing dg +4 Get peng fo peg € Tag > ft figy =F Oy) whan eee a Abbe ii Dory Za © Tag 7 whey 2, = ty) + Zs Yer) Xe, eM Zr 2a = $x -¥ex) FF Ig Whee oxy OM $time) Tn f 224-ymae os : “at UD) eer aed AZ, = Aptxr= PlAndy o Tog f » a2 € Tru fdase {: MON tea Ap homsnetphtin ther | Tose 4s led Cohernel of A= Horeruorphisonr due gi: MN be a A- homomephiim the, of krtaces an toometphism f: keg * HF Atferey by F larkub) = fee, x hkel Aefinccbrress ! tke = yt kunt xy kuz > f(x-y) =o 2D foo- #4) =o 9 409% Fy) 2 Plas berg) = Fey ker Wien Ex: ee fos Anjectiue ce) kurd= fe}. f % Autpctiucy Coke = fo5, x Pl kept yrkeep) = fF lrry keg) x I-l: Ub rthug € Korg f lurkuf) =O | = fly fim =O = foor4dly 2 ve kat = flee peg) + Pegrkey) Dx kergeerkeb=© |e F(a ternerey) > ku f= 5s. = fF actkup) = $lax) = Agr) ea. Piutkup)Hom (MV) tet M,N be Aq ruwcticter p tren Ploy (MN) 4s the ad of all A -homonosphisms porn M te, V Aut 4ege Hom, (mM. ) pine fg: M—>N Ay GOO = deotpen, Vorn at OCA, as? ta—> N (AP M> HOO, YaeM Chik well Ufinudness ara hancerayhraw . Bes Mea Unde” Hem) ae ee AW modecte Dan pat 4 ym dit ur M'—3™M bea A ~ hememntphisnn ~ Yea. [¥ ad N ban A modile, Min uw indus ~~~ 2 oa Achpraaroryhinr po Bem (MeN) —> Hormel Mm) aipgned bg. up fo pou. UH L094 Dm infect ~ well Atfinedness: $f) = 42 # Homoncophtarn Li fin $2 © Hom(M,). Dit) 0x9 = ([yirqs ute) = Yi lui) 4 f2lurn')) =(0y) mo) #(U (fo))ey = (aegn + 2G) = THe) = Udod tulh >ee ee De: a dk vi NON fea A-Aoraspupiphim , tien 4 A-nedati My Vinducer a map P Vig Harn 0M NI—> aml MN"), Atpred hi vg) = Veg Exs cr ® ok Ex: A havecmsnrphiann . {ex Ex. Me » fis\> a — A an A-modute , whet abot tm fp, mu) AM, 08]02/2024 — Fax Ni SM and NicM , NiONs , %ENDN2 ‘ Jos raoclylt = OXENg Ard Na Ex Dltk ENibier Le @ collection S$ Aubmetuter Of M > thin ON; As A Aurbyroctrue o4 M (22 2) Ni + Np Axe Aubmecues of Ni+N2 = G4 gy: KEN, and geno as 4) roduc (2) 2) Ltt QM Sep ee a collectim OY Submodutes OF 1 tin Buy Ff Ze 1 mens» mise for att bat gicte ce) Px: ENG AsO Kadbywockite 64 M LDN be a fasbircdute of A ancl Bt an tcleal af A ana £ Saini 5 GEO KEN finite sum 9 Patporitio: det M he an A-module and N, kk be Arbmolitis of M bth EN tum My i subrmyl Me ant Me a Nie = My (C Peo} — a} zet than Za=xX+tk for some ne NEM zeMy (xem)Noe ‘eS ke 1 Ng 4% A Aebmeotule Of Me Deyire % APH PE yw > Yn yp (% ky ewe N pott defined 3 bet TK = rotk : > x1-% ekKen = tN = xa+N =» p (artk) =Wlrtk) Ee cca saci (tx+k) +ytk) = ¥ (p+) = (age N a een + yen = ork) tyler kd Lark cytk)) = Ylryrk) a = xyrN = (ANIC PEND = Wlxtk)- ylgrk) ove: vow cueke Ge! nplxek ys oN $ ker = S S utk €'Vq » xaN= o+N 7 7 5 xek 6% oxen t pow =Nre Y é thes, S, By Fur Lromorphiom toe gee Our Aepectragl Aeseett -Proportion. ' det M besdn A-rnbcbite ar M1, Ma he M, tha ow Mt Aarbracctules of ta tren SIR? ee PReo}: Consider the Enclustion Pmborapyphirm o: Ma —> Mim eapined bg ee and fee natucob gb: My) 1M —> Me , Arrornorphicrm ; My) EM: oe es cae: (a a eet Povepranrphinn bo a ee (iene = My ) ze bag tm, for “ome xem, , yemr = (ora MY + Cys MD -o + yom) 2 gth W (gd= (G00) 149 = Br oty)) = bly) =¥tM) -2 2 ayeMe Aa Wigy ae . ps onto - HAM, 2 kun p= {xem > win=o% oe = § eM » KEM vonp = MOM e By Morn DA pr hian tnewren, Urt eur sesut ¢ Ce (a: b = paea > abea 4 te aben Leb Depcnction: at N and P be submodule of M CA- modute) (NIP)= feepa: PEN Y ceanen atrePneha Prove that (N:P) ts an tdenliohew NEM 4 P . £ < ge Cay, AN) Go On nOMEM H9D Let abet: 7 > axveM _#xeP breN , ¥wneP (Q-b)%= Bx. Bx en , wneP > av cam (Nip) ae bgp. lie eA ee aeW:2) => wWrePp , axe nN SN Be Kebrncckule - aan = AlaxndEeN (N:P) & an Adiat 1 A- 3 pee ONE tage Aubmedute Of NM (ar A-racdiute) tun (O:N) ( -@ 24 A*e Univial Atyined as (a+or)n= OX Pro}: Ltt AAA = +H a-best = Ann ~ (a-b)x=0 => ar-bte =° = axabne = A408) He (bro wm > hence Are produt 0 nethligs (@re0+ (bre) x =(O+b) +O) > = +byr= ant bn = (B+00% + (br H) X : (aro) (x+y) = amy) +00) (b+ 0) % eee a 1% = axray = (Ab+ ot) X | =x sabe catbx) | = G40) u Haro Y | 20+.) bX = Qt 00[oro)) . So, M ts an Moy - rodiste Popper (aame ray, a YreM, (aren? © am 2° a aed, = AEH > AA =O+rHh=O0 > Anna M= So} Be dak M1 and My be eulormodlustes of M thin ann (M) +42) = dan My 9 arly Picop > 2 my CM, tMo Bxr anna M, 22 (M, +My) arn Mz 2 ann LM +M 3) Mm, 2Mr Ann M, Dann 9—_ 3 aK th, Carne 2—-Anx that) Ver FOFO® er eo, oe pw h®@... OA hw A tren we Phat [4 em ow 4 ee “7 A - rood te gue C32 a pe 2 matute aze2e 4! 2 3a Bpened “ey $1 = 2m Vee" AimVen Ve n ve @F ard Awe @Z CH mo ” ie 6z Notation n A’=AGA®... OA - BA Ce te; n tines = FO pe, Prd + VERS, Mt &-61,0,-. ,0) > = [0,17 O1-- 0) tp e: eA”-_ ON Preporttion ct SM - motte M Xe fF cbely Genera tee] SMe Cre1wophie Ae 2 quctiont oy Britten, generated yree A- nerdule ‘un Me Ah Ao* tome Nad fot roma Fubmectuke k oy gy fee My Lee fir tely qrwrated fmetite, > Me SE Ax fa) Define a map Play M as lay, 03,....0n) = &H) tOamp--. Andy, | tb rr AR), bby. by) ear, * $(Ca1 a0) toby. bn) = Faith)». 8nthn)) " (itbjx, +--. HAn thy en Fi) tH £--. TAH MD Hin Xn t " Oi +. +O My byt) tos By PB eB) #0 by 1 bond) = FAs, amy othr by. a ) xX lit xed. ch toe Cay a= PC Hay. Aany SAAN) Hons AORpay = Km 4-- On 2m) = bee, 0, and, +d» Cuviyebeae | At xEeM = Soni e ee % Fda, anyKe Tug & PADS i pb os surjective pr Ay _. ™M Rar (ey. Me Ne bhi Ke herp a qubmalute 4 4” Corvensely olsstince Het, 7 iseneiphisne Y AR m eet for Ame pubnedise Kop A”. ConnAhe, hn 5 Mm A hatrrct Ae a Oe cup at & 9-4ee n asia Cx ob Ave fp mel Vo one mare hemerioyphcms 6) ALM pte Pe wht elecy= xp Where OC = C9, Or re 7 OO cote claknt — {Kr Marne eng SM gersetes MM. Lee xem. Ana & 4 onto, F (a,ar,- ,On) EA et R= QO, 02,-. 40) - an OM Or By AO 431-1 OH (0,0 rnd) gle 0) FOLD MOET ae oas | = BCA Crary) FOC LO ep eee a 2 ea, Olt 0y-110) FAROL OHA OAT Bn C421 Oca 71) gy 012) 4&2 O82) get tO) em. KM = Arm +d 2 fot Onn len (aa ’, Fre yaar moh qerats MM. > Ma piney generated « ——det M hea fevrteds geavated A-module a, ot dean Aderl of A. ML bimsM he a A-hormorsorpirianr | ardombuphPinn] 6b gim) CaM fom = Bass: eens S Arar ane A AE NE Oy eA tage O ProsP> se tone deme aim c Aa: finikeehy gerbe 0 OCG ex ren BOM tM A Ms Shae > te! HM PE ony ~ Ae €8t \ wem \ = Ee “Shy | aw eo Pi By en “nN — =f S/Sacby). be& . 5) ij . ia eb] — tet lane ory Dlx) SFR + aM Ain for ae. POH) = 9%) —Ap%y — + = Ane =O = Ay A) FPO) — Bo a% = Ont =O si ny gy hy + dix) HI.4g%q— + -- Any =O SAN Ai Onaga. bi cien) apy ea =Oee (i) (B- ay OD ~ % % - QAn™® =o, ~ 9) 21 4 (P- 499) 00) — -3;,%, =o nity ~ Amo% — ... —(b- Ann) lun) =0 > o— AN -Ap -.. — ain xy \ oO o Cite + bn Joey = 2 — @ eit ae bythy 4 --+ thn & OC ‘r TONE Fy @. (rea) x => (ltayMae Hence proved . Nakayariey Lenses : cet M bea finiditg gorexated A -produn + ard ot Le an ideak o A corbaingd Ln TCA) vhin, ws the Tebbotywn radio Y A tn Mao At MaaM then M=o. Frcsp: 4 Previous oes) , FAA AE (14a) M=0 Now, ACA € TCH) a tra as & tne 2 M=o.Ae eee var MAGA “pA et. POA = ig Coy OA et [03/2924 - Wednesday O-4p -% - ~ An fi - % —Qx, h-a2 --. ~@an a © a oP A Acar Trx=0 where fe) 4 02/#) “an! Le TOT k =O. wh Te af CT), Po 8-8 aren ' = 3 b eT) = ] D> Ab uy so HW='2,... 54 TS, Mayen gruel M, ust get att T=0 P-ay -A + - -Arn Ax BA =~ Fay roe | 4, re ee Babe 4... +b =O: ohother proof 4 Nakayerns brane? 6 py go let fe Ha, qh be mintral seb GY qensxatOors og M, ”, Mzony = Siti Lajyen rye foe eben 1 BF EOL arent ke! foare. Yo tu} genoates Hc Ax, (-O)x=0 BS Meso we Pe : aeLye = FUGA AH) + + ak Ge (8a) ye = Are taamy toe Ae HR, HOTA) = Tap me Goll S - 4 + Bent Me Fm os ery, Mes > vx, Res] gmetater Mo Sst the mntnnality DY penreating cop Med & y f ES et Mk a fenntely gona tis A~mocttla ard Nt A farbrralule of Mo ter / Myy A ford, qpruatad . Ba an, pe tns gearcates M chock lehebe Foxit, oo, Math gercata Miny ae M Bt oO Pritt, gercatd An reoolle Gaol v » NJs @ Atersccate 3p NM stnel ZA ancl BEL TIA), TNeMe Neem tun Men. Pros My 4 foiter, quuated o(My) = f Zatcneeny i 4 YrrNeMs/ ny = cSaryi +N: ate ee) om eM +N — “TON ngad het La Sm of N byt Nts lm of omen A f - M 3 (Ma)= My “By Nak, My = “4 Aan 6 Lemma , ny = O ating, rat eed =) M=N. f— DBBing Ex A femal generated wa ry maninal fdealy MonummM => Mao, __ ot A be Leek Ring arch my he Manimal ical , MAS an A-module Sb My As a pees. om & ton M Ms A mod My) 2 or ann (Ming 2m let 2ey anol ser) € My wy =O m&, AlXrnymM) = ax +nyNn = OFM” = A arnthiletes by wp nyo aan (oro). a as a FY motte. fuecter cree. ” Coreen: # M wa forrtely qructed A-matile whee A » a@ Lowl Adrg ugtth marimal “heal ng . As DT for “one 14, %G,-.. 20 EM LIM Asa bass & Miyy MyM 7 xotmM) ~~ , Xn Gerteates MM. A/by vector pret then XL), Ma, - Prog: (Carey) CF FIV) = axe 49M. WityM, %X+YNy ~-- 7 hn + M fous a basis of M/rym os AM/py vector “pace - tAXn ws a Wubmolule of M, Lee Neo Au thm + ae Vy , ee, ay = mri | Cee aun i SS (Aix +m) : are ag (or » aeAt a6 ean mM f tor= > = N+MM ie fern gen} sone => M-N+m™ ~mM-N aM aw op lavtley gqeatiate oy, pe 492 Ps hg emo © kd = 6% A Acgerence op mottudes and hononsorphisms 2) Me pHs Pg Fe A a ER ~ A complin ib Aer amge CS ker #4) © 6z — $i 2 ° | We enn ck im Om kup =z The Aczeremce @ As Alled enact if tm fr 2! het tee, he = Hoo Loge, (mo Proporta 4 o— m'— ow — @® Ws euack tft oy Us Onpedtit Proef:- ie 7 eam! & tme =o = kurt az As Anpeb ue . Aspartic : mJ, + uf E> 9% away PAog. ~ ® Ws enact > Ans Dee “ eet - O ws erat : spt! we Bs 1 @ b ena ad 7 es Ayetang Aetack repens oY the frotmnr (inby 2 el). os ico Mom" —>O ub Calleol kd pe yeeanyy) #, He rg fang «ltt N be a uibmabile of M, then -_ 2 Ni> M—>» yy, —3 0 4 Mort enrak ° een . = * TY 0-—>M-36 4% crat men Meo. ve ; 4 v worm’ —» M 9m" 56 Ms hetk enack . Dit N be a A. mochile 0-9 Harn (MY Home (M,N) 5 He (MN) 0 neek net be omar Propositio: the Acgene Oo u AS mit, m—Y5m" 50 wnak 2 4Y A -rectute N, 7 uw OS Heme (p> Hin OMNI Ho mt nO) As enact Proof: > Vv ws rerpectibe dt N be a A- moclils 2a Aaue the Meath ce—— Ms, my! lt Nv 7 ~ 0 Horn (MY,N)—> Haw / MA) > Hoon (mm) whe V4") = p'ov and Orf)= fou. TP! @ de eneck , use meee 1 pu D Via Anfective anol im) = ku Mmppese Vc") =0 fio =0 (f'viim) =O 4c vem) =O) : gem") a “A Anarpectius =) f"=0 2 ku T =0 9 Vb anjuctivey —— Be M' “ym 45m" mu ekuv cs veus0 Selig mu kee Quem!) € kev SHY CULM )) = 0 & (veu) (mM) 20 & Vol =o L TeV i Hein" NI Henrie’) dlpioed by (BIE = TVG = BCL W) = (Fovhu =f blow (BT) = ¥8(4w WO ts nat imuskuy % vou =O > (Wei) =0 By om: Now, 2b 9 ap =0 - you =o , fou: M'i—>N yy a... imv 2 kau fe ker U Where fi Mon—_- ru pea " Now, vse lepine MM 8 nae LF Be at vee gi: Mi—> N es pus ye wa fry 4m Nem", so vy us mito JxeM at VOO=K" fe Yoo — sbherve ving) =m" ty = 2" ee VOL) oppose Vir vlrewr) = Vom) —VluI) =O > x-%, EKUV amu © +s enact gions x2") = g'lv ei +O) bem! vt Ui) =x my die = gicvin +%2)) flaring (ale) = y(t 4x2) = (fourx') Safe +h Oe) = Up) ag aeons anew) ” " f tn) - eu) = 0 glen) = 9 Lo Vixr) , " = 9" vewm)) = go> £00) qe "ge ral = flak) HK FOV > 9" A well cliff wget) Vgroo) = Grevin) = $00 7 vue Vege ¥ 2 yom s karo em ULetruatily Use gt ket a and VAX Angee > O ws encet ORANG Bhi trek, @) ts enact , + Arrodute N = inv TP) © ws erak po haut £0 show, imu kU anol Vi Ae Kujectice proose, N= Mimy and tee bs MN vy, . cmy Ora V0 ineerbiine. gece . (Vedy)tx = bivex) = OO + Omy (V0) ry tomy = Vido=0 PeTo ae aA angrier > b=0 ve taav \ ayes ey > my =o | tay Tm v | O= mw \ = Jimy > imve om" => Vs Aruafeits - “@ x enat GeT=ao [FN ond ") SUE NEM" end td qu > MoM" TovVeldyy =O TL tdyy ov) =O id o Vee 20 Vok =O Tmu ¢ kv ,u Vv. u m’—>M—->M Toke N= My dL Lt bs Mas My Rratomnt toes | Bye 3 © 2 ent imv=kuu —® rn (Geb Xx = 4 (400) TildJ=$,ou =9 Gee = UK) + LAY D> be ka otmV ue PIM Vey =P Da =9Gou XEkRLV » Vix =-0 g'evews) =O (qrov)ex> ae Dw =o > fee nekud, = fxem = [ven Ketmas yeti = ot > xwetmu = EU =) RUVES imu. Wes baa kev qd d Vio age ergot ue _ Oe onc. abx; The epee Ex. . | poN NN" mn enak & | af P- racdule M, | v ” o—> Hem ty Bes tum LM,N) “> Hom (M,N) Eiinenewer isu as yen Chommoerphiam ) ST ys tug +5 Mia Fy 8 coke PO As enact. Prebeesion. Ming y Oe My; ard M2 are A-mwocdutes then : (ia) -e— 3 My, > MOM. > Ms —O. % oak. (7 --—> (41,0) Dofenition : aay we Aug Qa Diagyam M, —> Mo au 4J Lt Nr San” No 4 rowenta Corninurtat ve 4 Jou = Voy 2) 3 Ny ay Proposition: jp ieee a yea mB 9—> m5 4 —> M30 tf) WL A 0 NY Ngee M9 2s comnurckatinue anol Fooms ape sous art enach thy ae Mare arn enacd gepurence mo " 7. a O—> kx 2 keg “ kung Sroxecg come. 4+ “Brokerp 30 Uhur C ancl, we Keeton Sectrctims of Hy. Prey Gs ku d's Kup diprted bey Ty Coc) = Uy ee Heke pia {lw} =0 > Usl#') = 0 > 464%) =O to Condcsati ue | UK € Korg.Uy & Aormniotprirm . ey a, k Aemorceephi,,, ‘. me G: kes f—> kup” depart % is sy Ay Ceaity W 2s Weebl hiftnod and Aone crnuaiyshtonn. - Bebpoecliale Ex’ at YN M and KE ey thea I borden, ia Ya el ¥ Ot+k) = fio “ ke keg Now ce Wy: Coker p/— coker f vis os ny tay? (P-ratinal uouomroyphcem ) NS Mngt H Yletug yo kona’ porronr x'e M! O49 = Dlusty')) = us t4leen) + ime gt wet O= doug a2 Play + mg f 20 ayle uo wt hawt imp! © kup =) © ineuasahommn T, Dp — , Trees) ilo Atphed hy Taly's Top) Uaty!) + tag Os: Comet! — scone $ ty seed Lifptncd YF Amrromoyntuim Ma. colar? —o Conary" bag Vo Ct Tog) = vat) > WH Lifired Forvonsonphison. - Nent se oltpine y bona, hs her gr cokerp’. de xe hf —y p20 “yy A uctiue » DXEM Ut VY Dee" ~~ " Eyer) 2 foe? Va C40 x)) = "0H 00) = 4"Cx") =0 eign + 0 fin) 6 kuv2 = ing Uo ad FEN at uty! = 400 Ug dy Anjerturi 7 AK = Yt Tug ple Me / Now Uplae map | fe wot cipal : neppese IX, EM rt Vy lt) =X" = VY Cx) Fea) Eke y= IMUs DF) ye Nat BOI =UsCy"> 2 - %—%)) = O => Vitex Fl = 4) + Tne! Gl aap! ify! Zap’ Uy de Anpotive , FPXIEM! ft Uy) HD = H-m) 4 (mHxi= Fra (XD) = el $102) e > Hex, Ekev = Cae pnw, Uy Cyl gi) = Ualyr— uly ld Fl — 4m $ lm KMD = ye $e!) ory te > yey, Ee Taq ¢ > yting fie 4 + tag $! Hence weet clpireet . Chimty oh 0s a Amomerphinnd. (reel to prme) " ) Ja] o2/ 2oah- Tuxstong) ~ be C bea catlectiy 84 A-meolittyy . we wg & fonction rAL-C>2Z Lh adkitin wn © tp for eusry Mork brad Agecerch O99 M' 3M >M"_,0 2f meobtles en A AOMI= NEM 9 +e acm"), Examples dt OC pea cette ctorn Yo frtte Mimnsinnl Vettst syprces ovr Fo ard mM" oveM) : w . Be pa ty Gm —50 & ene 42> . acm!) WC2AESMKIC PM SOWELL 9p Hing hivi-dimv , w VER. oo, & uo 0 VV "30 meee 09) ea utv)) Hon $V) 2 in LV") fac 2 din (V)~ ding Cue) = dm OV") dim(y) —tim(v)) = dim vid 2) dint) = dim tv!) +dbo lV") : oh! ~ Acw = ACV) HALVD. Proportion: ut oom, 4m, Ses. oes mac SMa se bp An Orak Atgeunce. dit ) be ax alditine furchi,, Ae set C ay A-madutes Uhih tras all Mig aid ktrtirs , @20,1,0,...n » ton Ww ne = EN" heme) = 0. iz0 Als = AM) 4 Alm? ~ ENP Army) > + 9 Mp 5m, Ips SO (ue Kg Bneg fy bu fe OSs 3 ey Py f wimp — WEE Heajeer by 8, 73 & $1 OF K3 2 M2 3 ky 25 fe Boab y? + ACMI + MC Ka) = ACM Mien) + rCKg) 2A CMa? ar Cka) + Aka? = ACM3) ae Chinn + ALKA) = ACMo-d So, & em Mr) leo = ACM nd = (Me) — ACM + ACM) = + 0-1) p = (Me) — AlMey — ALK) + ACK) + ks )— _Daepinition: dot M,N arc P be A -~rrachles A peuaminsaat: SN SE oe CSE ~_ A Og tm pe FHP AND © 0% YD = a trp @ ple yew) = PIA FEO 2d eres) = 4 FOD P. ition. (Ext ¥ One oe noporition: CEE SU A, TPAD, onan T ty an wh modute oral 2, pak (TH gi MEN oT ho belinene map sich Ahat 1M py some A-metule 4 x fr Pp @ Fein mp za Unique A— hemonoyyhiee / ~ 4= Fe4 @® the ptr Teg) % one io & UG another prin AALS (7 aap dae 2? ee . thok Ad CT ig) ab a Men—> 7 P Rien. Shales "anal "2 gej! 3 a Ssomuerphimne 1” = a a, 43 Sr eee wg] 2 va Coronas becdine : 7 (ore Poe} Exintencr pont me C yo be pee Module generated! bry he elensants Of (Mx ) “ _ . aed 7 ©. (a... ° ney OMe Yen | dub D be Bea Anbrmececte of C generated by tre Alinsents of the foun <7 (ey) - Gary) (0x4 = 2 aL oe esa (9 +4) —Ovm) Or) (ay) = any) . Hg) %,%, Ts & lek £ Yida Qnol You YugeC, ut Atnote Dre dmg 6g) + D2 x@y. Gi +) Oy = (hme y 4D (ey) Opp eD we ( Liter YD 4D £ (9% Or gd +d = &iyyed 40/4? 7 > (0) By = m@y + 22 ® Yy- 2]shon — Peay) Ox@ y= @x.y) +D Q@xyy- accg~ryeD, vl hame QxyI+D= FS = a [trys 9), ax@y = a(x@y). 7 y@ (G42) = x Gy, + 2O4a M@Ay a a (x@y) Dapine bax NT. lop Gm Yd = OY glee. y) = Core) @Y = 1 OYt MOY — JOP Agewr m4 glox-y) = aginy) 4 GOO GAG) = BOLD FYOOGD + QL ABI—AG OD (By apeue dlatensonts ) A Noe: T= Ff Eas (xi @Y:) fied, sem. Gren | finite Aum Jot 4IMxXN—5P be & bilinens prap (so rap) [new define £: oe perxey) = flix yd, We ALynsdnees : Auyppose LOY= % By, DW YI4D= lx,74,) +D . > Hy) -lr 91) =D are ‘ noe that 4 Vanixhes on atl the olinterts oy D_ | = fe - G49) =o 7; => #004)- £06,9) = 0 = 44) = F044) | > foey)- Fine). Define Ft Cs P by /F[Ea: (xt, 40) = Sac Fou 4 . = Sa Pours and FO0Y= g0r4) SB, Fl Ox, +m0,4) — MH — 19) By) ) = $470.74) ~ Fw = Flay = (G44) ~~ 4) — fey) = Oo a bilinees. “a De ki~ 2 F Lrduas a A-honernwiphionr FS -5P -& fe a a) F Clg) dD) = Fry = Fg) a nett bifoed hme Oty lek (xy) e MAN Ggiorp = Flees = f C709) pg 0H4) = 4144) > £9 -4- how Aryppose i ae A Remonusi hoon PEG: t due x@yeT , -$) (x Oy) = $1 Cg cg EG eg (xy) =P Ouy) =e gry = Plgmy) 4 lrey= Fo rey) , x@yg eTMALLE of Cree Seppo (Tl g') another prix sucr that + becom map 4) MyN —5P 53 an A -hamorarphiy, goth Lp se Pop's of ’ 8 1 ee yk bitineas rep asl (Tig! ) as 0 ye we satipying OD, Frege fit! Tot J ry es —@ ments rr, a pine acd (7.9) 4s > - Ws Winsor v, a 7 0 a. = paws aatiepyng DO, Junique Plo ToT' a P4G-F—-O Sub®@ in @ 3 (f'opog’=9 fron 2 > Not? Myn £57’ 4G By Jieh =r 7, 4 ae oe 7 oo a q Definition : ig oe prods The mothe T ; aboue 0s called Tensor pratuck dy Mad N which at denoted by MON. C2. TLMON| [2aereryes D fire lo Aanea 31 foa/ae29~ Thursday | a M,N. — now mredute Pad (BY) + 0% BOYZ) = (x14%0) OY ty2). dit My, -Mass-++ Mn ane Pay A-noclutes , Hhtra a map 42 MiXMa x... * Ma —> Pox purrtilinene pgs Mensa dn bar o (0 OF (By. , REAL, XD = teou Mtg +$O%1, 9 xi stn) DFO Mi po hey) = APO 0 2 em) Vlatra,.n Ex: ltt M,,.-.Mn be A peebtent by ta 7 & pam 9) T A & A-poouute ad GoM he RM nT As neltiLineas, map at, O4 tthe map $2 Mix My OP $01 sone B-mode P JO untae A- homomorphism ¢ TP At 4-5 42a C@%, , 2 OT £0 @e2 Cp» 2@T =O * 5 2QT = 5(2@1) = 208-7 = F@O = 0 oa %®o = YPlore)= (XG) + Cx@o) > x@o=0 a Da feck 8® 3, =f. x MON 4NOM Crook not) pur Agebrarcatiy Cyeral. Paspecty: MMeONeN@eaMm Proj? Dapine a function. ©: MXN —+ VOM. by Olx,y) = JOx * Ol x ML Yd = YO te, = YOR + YO ur = OGY I+ OH Y) xX O(HKM, YD = YBa = & CYOX) = a Olx ry) US bésar an Aeeurel eoowltrate two - Ox Gitinsas map2 * Puyeus treoum, 8 tnduces Q A- henemephizn, 6! MON» NOM st Bog # : , ae. Luhere q: MeN—S MON, acy4) = xy ab A mon ~ & & (xy) = 6 Gt.y) = BOLgI =Y¥ OX Wwe gt &:MON—> NOM by F(x Oy) = YOx &, — JD? Nem MON o} Cywx) = x@Y Now, By (y@x) = BW yO) = 5 (rey) = yex > BY 4 Wntity map on Nem alo BB as oh ity nap on MON * Fs an srermeiphion dium MON to NOM. Hin, proud « @ a as an A-medule , AAMaM Dephre &: ARMM by OCa x)= ax SCar+a2.,%) = Arran = Qiviast 2 600,,~ +86AL) 0) Ol Ka, x. = KOx= KXy= & OO,%) BU, WD = AMs KL HAGtAan, = ALA, F Ela, x2) SlA,«x)> = Aa&We om Qxn)> Ola, xd PO ws berm. , By Baset pwccluk property 2. O Ancduas a A-hemenioiphiim Bo sem—s m ab Ong = 8 Whee 9g; AXM —» A@m by lA) = a@x Srawry= Slavery) = 6a, x =ax let a: M—> ABM Whero Boo = 1Ox Cretldepiad Paya 1 Oeny < 10x +10 |} Yor) - \Oax = alin) = oor Soyte = BCH) = Ferexy = xan 5 mem 2) 6-Y Ws Resection H 7 Mpe® (ag = Pesta@x)) = $ (O09 = 1@ax = aciex) =aiet = = 2@r - ' NeS y elentl, oh ABMBA an HYommphim firm A@M 34 Tr modules ~ add MON acl produck: MON. propety a: let Mi eal Po bef manelestes Han M@N@P) » (MeNI@P MON OP