LINES AND ANGLES.

Point: In Geometry, a point is a location. It has no size. i.e, no width, no length

and no depth. a point is shown by a dot (.).

Line: A line is defined as a line of points that extends infinitely in two

directions. In has one dimension, length. Points that are on the same line
are called collinear points.
A B
AB
Lines are basically 2-types

Straight Line: If two points are at minimum distance from each other, then line
joining these two points, called straight line

Curved Line: If the line is not straight then it will be a curved line.
Line Segment: A part of a line that has defined end points is called a line
segment.
Parallel Lines: Parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; i.e., two
lines in a plane that do not intersect or touch each other at any
point are said to be parallel.

Ray: A part of line with one end point is called ray.

Intersecting Lines: Two or more lines that meet at a point are called
intersecting lines.

A B

D C
Angle: An angle is a fig. formed by 2 rays with a common initial point,
Say O. These point is called vertex. or you can say, inclination of
2 lines is called angle.

θ
O
 TYPES OF ANGLE-

1. Acute angle (∠θ∠90°)

2. Right angle (θ = 90°)
3. Obtuse angle (90°∠θ∠180°)
4. Reflex angle (180° ∠ θ∠360°)
300° 60°
5. Straight angle (θ = 180°)
Reflex angle
6. Complete angle (θ = 360°)
 Let α and β be two angle

Complementary Angle
α
If α + β = 90° β
1. If complementary angle of an angle is 10° more than the thrice of the angle,
what is the measurement of the angle.
(a) 10° (b) 20° (c) 40° (d) 30°
2. If the angles (2x + 8)° and (3x – 8)° are complementary, the value of x is
(a) 14° (b) 28° (c) 18° (d) 22°
3. If an angle is two-third of its complementary angle, find the difference of the
two complementary angles.
(a) 18° (b) 36° (c) 54° (d) 72°
4. How many degrees are there in an angle which equals two-third of its
complement?
(a) 36° (b) 45° (c) 48° (d) 60°
SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
If α + β = 180°
1. An angle is 26° more than its supplementary angle, what is the
measurement of the smaller angle?
(a) 67° (b) 77° (c) 103° (d) 107°
2. Two angles A and B are supplementary and their values are (2x – 15)° and (3x
+ 25)° respectively. Find the value of x.
(a) 18° (b) 34° (c) 45° (d) 42°
 Linear Pair angles
α + β = 180°
α β

1. In the given figure ∠AOC + ∠BOC form O linear pair. Determine the value of
x.
(a) 42° (b) 52° (c) 62° (d) 58°
C

(x+44)° (2x–20)°

A O B
Adjacent angle A C
If AB||CD then α + β 180°
α β
B D
Vertically opposite angles: If two lines cut each other at a point, the two
angles formed at opposite sides are called vertically opposite angle. The
measurement of vertically opposite angles is the same.
D B

A C
1. If the lines AB and CD cut each other at O and ∠AOD = 30°, then ∠BOC = ?
(a) 60° (b) 30° (c) 120° (d) 150°

D B

30°
O

A C
 AB || CD and PQ is a transversal line.
P
1. Corresponding Angles: ∠1 = ∠8, ∠2 = ∠7
A 3 4 B
∠4 = ∠5, ∠3 = ∠6
2 1
2. Vertically opposite Angles:
∠1 = ∠3 ∠6 = ∠8
C 6 5 D
∠2 = ∠4 ∠5 = ∠7 7 8
Q
3. Alternate Angle: P
INTERIOR EXTERIOR
A 3 4 B
∠2 = ∠5 ∠4 = ∠7
2 1
∠1 = ∠6 ∠3 = ∠8

C 6 5 D
4. Straight Angel: 7 8
∠3 + ∠4 = 180°, ∠1 + ∠2 = 180° Q
∠5 + ∠6 = 180°, ∠7 + ∠8 = 180°

5. Co-interior angle:
∠1 + ∠5 = 180°, ∠2 + ∠6 = 180°
1. In the given figure AB || CD, find the values of ∠1, ∠2, ∠3, ∠4, ∠5, ∠6, and
∠7. L

A 2 1 B
3 4P

C 5 40° D
6 7Q
M
2. In the given figure, AB||CD||EF and ∠TSD = 130° and ∠EQR = 120°, find
the value of ∠TPQ.
(a) 50° (b) 60° (c) 70° (d) 80°
R
E 120° F
130° Q
C D
S

A B
P
3. In the following figure AB ||CD and ∠ABP = 48° and ∠CDP = 67°. Find the
value of ∠BPD.
(a) 132° (b) 113° (c) 115° (d) 130°

B X D

48° 67°

A C
Y
4. In the following figure, lines k and l are parallel, the value of a° + b° is
(a) 45° (b) 100° (c) 180° (d) 360°
(SSC CGL Tier-1, 2012, CPO, 2012)

a° k
45°
b°
l
5. In the following figure, the lines k and l are parallel, the value of x is
(a) 22° (b) 24° (c) 26° (d) 28°

5x+2°
K

L
2x–4°
6. In the given figure given, AB is parallel to CD. If ∠BAF = 98° and ∠AFC =
144°, then what is the value of ∠ECD?
(a) 62° (b) 64° (c) 82° (d) 84°
A
B
98°
F 144°
C D
E
If two transversal lines l and m cut a set of distinct parallel lines AB, CD and
EF as shown in the figure, then i.e., length of the intercepts between two
parallel lines are proportional.
l m
PQ XY
=
QR YZ P X
A B
Q Y
C D
R Z
E F
7. Two transversal lines l and m cut three parallel lines a, b and c as shown in
the figure. If PQ = 3 cm, QR = 18 cm, and YZ = 42 cm, then XY =?
(a) 14 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 9 cm
l m
P X

Q Y

R Z