Name___________________ Chemistry 153-080

(3150:153-080)
EXAM II
Multiple-Choice Portion
Tuesday, 5:10PM
FORM A March 18, 2003 120

Instructions:

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5. This part of the exam consists of 15 multiple-choice questions worth 8 points each. For each multiple-
choice question, choose the ONE best or correct answer and write it both on your exam paper and on the
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portion of the exam!

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Blimp Mania!!
_____ 1. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
(a) Entropy is a measure of a driving force behind chemical reactions.
(b) Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness.
(c) Entropy can be created and destroyed.
(d) Entropy is a measure of the number of ways energy can be distributed among the motions of
particles.
(e) Entropy is a measure of the tendency of energy to become less concentrated.
_____ 2. Chemical thermodynamics predicts (correctly) that materials made of wood, paper, metal, plastic,
leather, and rubber react with oxygen in the atmosphere and decompose at 25oC and 1 atm
pressure. Which of the following is responsible for the fact that these reactions are very
slow under these conditions?
(a) entropy (b) enthalpy (c) internal energy (d) activation energy (e) potential energy
_____ 3. The following equation represents the reaction that occurs when fuel oil and ammonium nitrate, a
component of fertilizer, react explosively. This kind of explosion destroyed the Murrah
Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1995.
52 NH4NO3 (s) + C17H36 (l) → 52 N2 (g) + 17 CO2 (g) + 122 H2O (g)
Using “positional entropy” arguments, the ∆Ssys for this process would be:
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) It is impossible to tell.
_____ 4. The following equation was derived for the [H3O+] in a solution of a weak acid in water:

[H 3O + ] = K A Cacid
o

What assumptions were included in the derivation of this formula?

I. there are no OH– ions present in the solution.
II. the auto-ionization of water is negligible.
III. [H3O+] is much smaller than Coacid .
(a) I only. (b) II only. (c) III only. (d) II and III only. (e) I, II, and III.
_____ 5. Formic acid (HCOOH) is a weak acid with KA = 1.8 × 10–4. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a
weak acid with KA = 1.8 × 10–5. Which of the following is/are TRUE?
I. Formate ion (HCOO–) is a stronger base than acetate ion (CH3COO–).
II. A 0.10 M solution of formic acid has a larger percent dissociation than a 0.10 M
solution of acetic acid.
III. Formic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.

(a) I only. (b) II only. (c) III only. (d) I and II only. (e) II and III only.
_____ 6. Addition of sodium formate to an formic acid solution at equilibrium will cause:
(a) no change in H3O+ concentration.
(b) H3O+ concentration to decrease.
(c) H3O+ concentration to increase.
(d) concentrations of all species to increase.
(e) a decrease in hydroxide concentration.
Use the titration curve for a titration of a weak acid with 0.18 M NaOH below for Questions 7–8.

____ 7. The pKA of the weak acid is closest to:

(a) 1.5 (b) 3.0 (c) 4.0 (d) 4.5 (e) 8.5
_____ 8. The pH at the equivalence point of the titration is not = 7.0 because:
(a) at the equivalence point, there is excess OH– present.
(b) at the equivalence point, the solution contains the conjugate base of the weak acid.
(c) at the equivalence point, the weak acid becomes a stronger base than water.
(d) The pH of an equivalence point should be 7.00. This titration contains some experimental
error.

_____ 9. Calculate the pH of a buffer prepared by mixing 0.05 mol of sodium formate (HCOONa) and
0.10 mol of formic acid (HCOOH) in 1.0 L of solution. [HCOOH: KA = 1.8 × 10–4]
(a) 1.8 × 10-4
(b) 3.44
(c) 4.05
(d) 5.31
(e) none of these
_____ 10. Would a solution of ammonium bromide (NH4Br) be acidic, basic, or neither?
KA (HBr) = 1.0 × 109 ; KB (NH3) = 1.8 × 10–5.
(a) acidic (b) basic (c) neither acidic nor basic
_____ 11. A reaction has a value of ∆Go = –83.9 kJ. Which of the following must be TRUE about this
reaction?
I. The reaction is spontaneous at standard conditions.
II. 83.9 kJ of work must be done on the reaction to make it occur.
III. The equilibrium constant of this reaction is greater than 1.
(a) I only. (b) II only. (c) I and II only. (d) I and III only. (e) I, II, and III.
_____ 12. A reaction has a value of ∆Go = –83.9 kJ. How long (in s) would the reaction take to reach
equilibrium?
(a) 83.9 s (b) 167.8 s (c) 251.7 s (d) 42.0 s (e) It is impossible to tell.

_____ 13. Which of the following might increase the solubility of a salt above the molar solubility estimated
from the KSP value?
(a) formation of ion pairs
(b) formation of complex ions
(c) reaction of ions with water
(d) all of the above
_____ 14. The solubility product constant for cobaltic hydroxide, Co(OH)3, is 1.6 × 10-44. What is the
solubility of cobaltic hydroxide in a solution buffered at pH 9.00?
(a) 1.6 × 10–44 M
(b) 1.6 × 10–29 M
(c) 1.3 × 10–22 M
(d) 1.6 × 10–17 M
(e) none of these
_____ 15. Which of the following sets of conditions is consistent with a reaction that would be spontaneous
at LOW temperatures and nonspontaneous at HIGH temperatures?
(a) ∆H positive, ∆S negative
(b) ∆H positive, ∆S positive
(c) ∆H negative, ∆S positive
(d) ∆H negative, ∆S negative
 Equations/Constants/Conversion Factors
TK = TC + 273.15 TF = (9/5) TC + 32 TC = (5/9) [TF – 32]
Avogadro: 6.022 × 1023 R = 8.314 J/mol K R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
n –EA/RT
∆TB = i kB m rate = k [A] , n=0, 1 or 2 k = Ae KC = KP (RT)∆n
∆TF = i kF m [A] = !kt + [A]o EA ⎛ 1 ⎞ pH = – log[H3O+]
PA = XA PEA
ln k = ln A ! ⎜ ⎟
ln[A] = !kt + ln[A]o R ⎝T⎠ [H 3O + ] = K A Cacid
o

o
TF = TF – ∆TF 1 1
= kt + [H 3O + ] = K W + K A Cacid
o
[A] [A]o ⎛ k ⎞ −E A ⎛ 1 1⎞
TB = TBo + ∆TB ln ⎜ 2 ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟
ln([A] / [A]o) = !kt ⎝ k1 ⎠ R ⎝ T2 T1 ⎠ [OH _ ] = K B Cobase
o
kF for water = 1.86 C/m
ln([A]o / [A]) = kt [OH _ ] = K W + K B Cobase
kB for water = 0.512 oC/m
KW = [H+][OH–] = 1.00×10–14 at 25oC −∆HSYS
∆G = –RT ln K ∆G = –nFE ∆SSURR = (at constant P)
pH + pOH = 14.00 at 25 C o T

KW = KA KB ∆G = ∆H ! T∆S ∆HE = Σn∆Hof (products) – Σn∆Hof (reactants)

[H+] = [H3O+] ∆G = ∆GE + RT ln Q SE = ΣnSo(products) – ΣnSo(reactants)
[A _ ] ∆G = wMAX GE = Σn∆Gof (products) – Σn∆Gof (reactants)
pH = pK A + log
[HA]
ECELL = EECELL ! RT ln Q ln K = nFEE F = 96485 coul/mol e–
nF RT
1A 8A
(1) (18)
1 2
H 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A He
1.008 (2) (13) (14) (16) (16) (17) 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 174.97 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 197.00 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
(223) [226] (260) (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) (269) (272) (266) (285) ( )

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
[227] 232.04 231.04 238.03 [237] (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259)
 Standard Thermodynamic Values at 298 K
Substance ∆Hof ∆Gof So Substance ∆Hof ∆Gof So
(kJ/mol) (kJ/mol) (J/mol K) (kJ/mol) (kJ/mol) (J/mol K)
Ag+ (aq) 105.9 77.111 73.93 CuSO4 (s) –769.86 –661.9 113.39
AgBr (s) –99.51 –95.939 107.1 Fe2O3 (s) –825.5 –743.6 87.400
AgCl (s) –127.03 –109.72 96.11 H+ (aq) 0 0 0
AgI (s) –62.38 –66.32 114 HCOO– (aq) –410. –335 91.6
Al2O3 (s) –1669.8 –1582 50.94 HCOOH (aq) –410. –356 164
Br– (aq) –120.9 –102.82 80.71 H2O (g) –241.826 –228.60 188.72
C (s, diamond) 1.896 2.866 2.439 H2O (l) –285.840 –237.192 69.940
C12H22O11 (s) –2221.7 –1544.3 360.24 H2O2 (g) –136.10 –105.48 232.9
C2H2 (g) 226.7 209 200.85 H2O2 (aq) –191.2 –134.1 144
C2H4 (g) 52.47 68.36 219.22 H2O2 (l) –187.8 –120.4 110
C2H4(OH)2 (l) –460.0 –319.8 163.2 H2SO4 (aq) –907.51 –741.99 17
C2H4(OH)2 (g) –392.2 –298.2 303.8 HBr (g) –36.23 –53.5 198.59
C2H5OH (l) –277.63 –174.8 161 HCl (aq) –167.46 –131.17 55.06
C2H6 (g) –84.68 –32.89 229.5 HCl (g) –92.30 –95.30 186.79
C3H8 (g) –103.85 –24.5 269.9 HI (g) 25.9 1.3 206.33
C6H12O6 (s) –1273.3 –910.56 212.1 HNO3 (aq) –206.57 –110.5 146
C6H6 (l) 49.0 124.5 172.8 I– (aq) –55.94 –51.67 109.4
Ca(OH)2 (s) –986.09 –898.56 83.39 Na2CO3 (s) –1130.9 –1048.1 139
Ca2+ (aq) –542.96 –533.04 –55.2 NaCl (s) –411.1 –384.0 72.12
CaCO3 (s) –1206.9 –1128.8 92.9 NaHCO3 (s) –947.7 –851.9 102
CaO (s) –635.1 –603.5 38.2 NH3 (g) –45.9 –16 193
CH3COOH (aq) –487.0 –392 160 N2H4 (l) 50.4 149.2 121.2
CH3OH (l) –238.6 –166.2 127 NH4Cl (s) –315.39 –203.89 94.56
CH4 (g) –74.87 –50.81 186.1 NH4+ (aq) –132.80 –79.5 112.8
Cl2 (g) ????? ????? 222.96 OH– (aq) –229.94 –157.30 –10.54
Cl– (aq) –167.46 –131.17 55.10 P4O10 (s) –2940.1 –2698 229
Cl2O (g) 80.3 97.9 266.1 Pb2+ (aq) 1.6 –24.3 21
ClO2 (g) 102 120 256.7 PbCl2 (s) –359 –314 136
CO (g) –110.5 –137.2 197.5 PbSO4 (s) –918.4 –811.2 147.28
CO2 (g) –393.5 –394.4 213.7 SO42– (aq) –907.5 –741.99 17.15
CO32– (aq) –676.3 –528.1 –53.1 Sr2+ (aq) –545.5 –557.3 39.33
CS2 (g) 115.3 65.1 237.8 SrSO4 (s) –1444.74 –1334.28 121.75
CS2 (l) 87.9 63.6 151.0 SrCl2 (s) –828.4 –781.15 117.5
Cu2+ (aq) 64.39 64.98 –99.6 SrCO3 (s) –1218.38 –1137.6 97.07