AMBER INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, THANE

ACADEMIC YEAR (2024 – 2025)

QUESTION BANK
GEOGRAPHY
Grade: X

1. Resources and Development

1 Mark Questions

1. Which type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast?
Ans. Alluvial Soil

2. Write the two types of renewable resources.

Ans. Continuous and Biological resources

3. From which Five Year Plan has India made concerted efforts for achieving thegoals of
resource planning?
Ans. First Five Year Plan

4. Give any two factors which determine the land use pattern of a nation.
Ans. Topography and Population

5. How much degraded land is present in India?

Ans. 130 million hectare

6. By which name is the bad land known in Chambal basin?

Ans. Ravines

7. Name the institution which is empowered by the government of India toacquire

land?
Ans. Urban Development Authorities

8. Name the way which helps the sand dune to stabilization.

Ans. Shelter Belts have contributed significantly to the establishment of sand dunes.

9. Name the nutrient in which black soils is poor?

Ans. Phosphoric contents

10. Which region of India is known as Basalt region?

Ans. The Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau.

11. Where was first international earth summit held?

Ans. . Rio de Janeiro in Brazil

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 12.How much percentage of forest area in the country according to the NationalForest
Policy.
a) 33% b) 37%
c) 27% d) 31%
Ans. a) 33%

13. Which one of the following is responsible for sheet erosion?

a) Underground water b) Wind
c) Glacier d) Water
Ans. d) Water

14.Who wrote the book ‘Small is Beautiful’?

Ans. Schumacher

15.Which one of the following statements refers to the sustainable development?

a) Overall development of various resources
b) Development should take place without damaging the environment.
c) Economic development of people.
d) Development that meets the desires of the members of all communities.
Ans. b) Development should take place without damaging the environment.

3 Marks Questions

1. What was the main contribution of the Brundtland Commission Report, 1987?
Ans. a. The seminal contribution with respect to resource conservation at the global level was
made by the Brundtland Commission Report, 1987.
b. This report introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ and advocated it as a
means for resource conservation, which was substantially published in a book, entitled Our
Common Future.
2. Explain the interdependent relationship between nature, technology andinstitutions.
Ans. a. The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an
interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions.
b. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to
accelerate their economic development.
c. Resources are the functions of activities.
3. “Resources are a function of human activities”. Elaborate the statement withsuitable
arguments.
Ans. a. Natural resources are the free gifts of nature but many manmade resourcesare used
by the humanity.
b. Resources are functions of human activities. Human beings themselves are
essential components of resources.
c. They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them.
4. List the problems caused due to the indiscriminate use of resources byhuman
being?
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Ans. a. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
b. Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divide the society into two,
segments i.e. ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ or rich and poor.
c. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as,global
warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
5. Write a short note on Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992.
Ans. a. Rio de Janeiro was the meeting ground for the first International Earth
Summit.
b. More than 100 heads of state met at this famous conference which was convened in June
1992 to address the urgent problems of environmental protection and socio- economic
development at the global level.
c. A declaration on Global Climatic change and the Biological Diversity was signed by
the assembled leaders.
d. They adopted Agenda 21 and endorsed the global forest Principles to achieve
Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
6. What is resource planning? Why is resource planning essential?
Ans. a. Resource planning: Resource planning is the widely accepted strategy forjudicious use
of resources.
b. Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
c. Sustainable existence is a component of sustainable development.
7. Explain the relationship between the process of colonization and richresources of
colonies.
Ans. a. The History of colonization reveals that rich resources in colonies were the main
attractions of the foreign traders.
b. It was primarily the higher level of technological development of colonizing countries that
helped them to exploit resources of other regions and established their supremacy over
colonies.
c. There for resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by
appropriate technological development and institutional changes.

8. What is the reason behind the availability of Land use data for only 93percent of
the total geography area of India?
Ans. a. Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq lm land use data, however is
available only for 93 per cent of the total geographical area.
b. Because the land use reporting for most of the nor-east states except Assam hasnot been
done fully.
c. Moreover, some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and Chinahave
also not been surveyed.
9. Why does the net sown area vary from one state to another?
Ans. a. There are wide variations in the pattern of net sown area from one state toanother
state.
b. If we compare Haryana and Punjab with Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and
Andaman and Nicobar Islands there is a great disparity.
c. In Punjab and Haryana the net sown area is 80% of the total area but in other
mentioned states it is less than 10% of the total area.
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10. How is land a natural resource of utmost importance? Explain with suitablearguments.
Ans. a. All economic activities are performed on land.
b. It supports natural vegetation and wildlife.
c. It is used for transportation and communication system.
d. Most of the minerals are formed in land.
5 marks Questions

1. Classify resources on the basis of ownership with example.

a. Individual resources: These are owned privately by individuals. Many farmer sown
land which allotted to them by government against the payment of revenue. People own
plots, houses and other property.
b. Community owned Resources: There are resources which are accessible to all the
members of the community. Village commons, public parks, burial ground, playgrounds
in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the people living there.
c. National resources: All the resources belong to the nation. The country has legal power
to acquire even private property for public good. We have seen roads, canals,railways
being constructed on fields owned by some individuals. Urban DevelopmentAuthorities
get empowered by the government to acquire land.
d. International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some
resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the exclusive Economic Zone
belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilize these without the
concurrence of international institutions.
2. Why is resource planning important in the context of a country like India?
Ans. a. India has enormous diversity in the availability of recourses.
b. There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient insome
other resources.
c. There are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of availability
of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage ofsome vital
resources.
d. For example the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in
Minerals and coal deposits. Arunachal Pradesh abundance of water resources but lake of
infrastructural development.
e. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks inwater
resources. The cold desert of Ladak is entirely isolated from the rest of the country.

3. How has technical and economic development led to more consumption ofresources?
Ans. a. Human beings interacted with nature through technological and create
institutions to accelerate their economic development.
b. As more technological development occurs there is increased need for inputs and
utilization of resources.
c. Technical and technological development is closely linked to economic
development.
d. For example more factories providing employment to more people are a necessity.
e. For the factory land and labour is used. For this mining of minerals and metals increases.

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4. Explain the land use pattern in India?
Ans. a. The net sown area in India has decreased from 45.26% to 43.41%. This means
that more and more agricultural land is being shifted to other activities.
b. The pattern of the net sown area varies gently from one state to another. In Punjaband
Haryana the net sown area is 80% of the total area but Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram,
Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, it is less than 10% of the total area.
c. The area under forests has been increased from 18.11% in 1960-61 to 22.57% in2000-
2003 and to 23% in 2005-06 yet it is far below than the scientific norms.
d. The land under permanent pastures is very low, i.e., only 3.45%.
e. Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence
agriculture is being replaced by commercial agriculture.

5. Explain any five proper farming techniques which can be used for soil
conservation.
Ans. a. Strip Cropping: To counter the effect of wind the practice of strip cropping is followed
to stop wind erosion. Large fields are divided in strips. Grass in strips is left togrow between
the crops.
b. Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines does not let water run downthe
slopes. This technique involved ploughing along contours, so that the furrows follow lines
linking points of the same height. Such furrows halt the downward flow ofwater and reduce
erosion.
c. Terrace Farming: Since ancient times farmers have built terraces or steps up a hillside
creating several levels of farms. Hill slopes are cut into a number of terraceshaving
horizontal top and steep slopes on the back and front.
d. Crop rotation: If the same crop is sown in the same field, year after year, this consumes
particular nutrients from the soil making it infertile. Crop rotation can checkthe type of
erosion.
e. Shelter Belts: Planting trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of such
trees are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed significantly to the
stabilization of sand dunes and in establishing the desert in western India.

6. How is red soil formed? Mention its features.

Ans. a. Formation: most of the red soils have come into existence due to weatheringof
ancient crystalline igneous rocks.
b. Soils are loamy in deep depressions and in upload. They consist of loose gravelsand
highly coarse materials.
c. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and
metamorphic rocks.
d. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
e. This soil is found in the areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the
Deccan plateau.

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7. Which is most widely spread and important soil of India? State the
characteristics of this type of soil?
Ans. Alluvial soil is most widely spread and important soil of India. In fact the entire
northern plains are made of alluvial soils.
a. These soils have been deposited by three important Himalayan river systems-theIndus,
the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
b. The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
c. According to their age alluvial soil can be classified as old alluvial and new alluvial.
d. Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate
proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of
sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
e. Due to its high fertility, region of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely
populated.

8. Which type of soil is ideal for growth of cotton? What are the main
characteristics of this type of soil? Name some areas where they found.
Ans. Black soil is ideal for the growth of cotton soil. Following are its characteristics:
a. Black soils are also known as ‘regur’ soil or black cotton soils. Such a soil is ideal for
growing cotton and hence the name.
b. They have extremely good moisture retention capacity but become sticky when wet.
c. These soils are difficult work upon unless tilled during pre-monsoon periods or justafter
the first shower.
d. Black soils are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potashand
lime but poor in phosphoric contents.
e. This soil is found in Deccan trap areas. This includes Maharashtra, Western Madhya
Pradesh, Gujarat, and Chhattisgarh, some parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh andTamil
Nadu.

9. What is soil? Analyze the four main factors which help in the formation ofsoil.
Ans. a) Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth
and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
b) The soil is aliving system. It takes millions of years to form soil up to a few cm in depth.
c) Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and timeare
important factors in the formation of soil.
d) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water,wind
and glaciers, activities of decomposition etc., contribute to the formation of soil.
e) Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important. Soils also
consist of organic (humus) or inorganic materials.

10. Classify resources on the basis of state of development with example.

Ans. a. Potential Resources: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been
utilized due to the lack of capital. For example, the western parts of India particularly
Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development ofwind and solar
energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.
b. Developed resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantityhave
been determined for utilization. The development of resources depends on technology and
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level of their feasibility.
c. Stock: material in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but
human being do not have the appropriate technology to access these, are includedamong
stock. For example water is a compound of two inflammable gases: Hydrogen and oxygen,
which can be used as a rich source of energy. But we do not have the required technology to
use them for this purpose. Hence it can be considered as stock.
d. Reserves: Reserves are the subset of stock, which can be put into use with the helpof
existing technology but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future
requirements.

Map Work

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