Institute of Technology of Cambodia Department of Electrical and

Energy

LAB PART 3

Lecture by: DAYA ETH OU

Students: NOV DAVANN

ID : e21090712

Group: GEE EE

Class of 2022 2023

 POWER SYSTEM LAB 1

( )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. A= 9 7 5 3 1 −1 −3
4 8 16 32 64 128 254

a. Find a short MATLAB expression to build the matrix above

b. The sum of columns 5 and 7 of A
c. The sum of row 2 and row 3
d. The last row of A
e. Find the row number of matrix A
f. Find the position of number 9 in matrix A
2. The daily load on a power system varies as shown in Table 1. Use the barcycle function to
obtain a plot of the daily load curve. Using the given data compute the average load and the daily
load factor.
 SOLUTION

( )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. We have matrix A= 9 7 5 3 1 −1 −3
4 8 16 32 64 128 254

a) Find a short MATLAB expression to build the matrix above

b) The sum of columns 5 and 7 of A

c) The sum of row 2 and row 3

d) The last row of A

 e) Find the row number of matrix A

f) Find the position of number 9 in matrix A

2. Use the barcycle function to obtain a plot of the daily load curve. Using the given data
compute the average load and the daily load factor.
 POWER SYSTEM LAB 2
1. The annual load of a substation is given in the following table. During each month, the
power is assumed constant at an average value. Using MATLAB and the barcycle function,
obtain a plot of the annual load curve. Write the necessary statements to find the average
load and the annual load factor.

2. Two voltage sources V1120  4 V and V2  1004 V are connected by a short line of
impedance Z = 4 + j8 Ω as shown in Figure below. Determine the real and reactive power
supplied or received by each source and the power loss in the line.

Write a MATlAB program for the system such that the phase angle of source 1 is changed
from its initial value by ±28° in steps of 4°. Voltage magnitudes of the two sources and
the voltage phase angle of source 2 is to be kept constant. Compute the complex power
for each source and the line loss. Tabulate the real power and plot P1, P2, and PL versus
voltage phase angle δ .
 Solution:

1. Using MATLAB and the barcycle function, obtain a plot of the annual load curve. Write
the necessary statements to find the average load and the annual load factor.

 CODING

data = [ 0 1 9
1 2 6
2 3 5
3 4 7
4 5 8
5 6 5
6 7 6
7 8 3
8 9 7
9 10 6
10 11 5
11 12 12];

P =data(:,3); % Column array of load

Dt = data(:, 2) - data(:,1); % Column array of demand interval
W = P'*Dt; % Total energy, area under the curve
Pavg = W/sum(Dt) % Average load
Peak = max(P) % Peak load
LF = Pavg/Peak*100 % Percent load factor
Barcycle(data) % Plots the load cycle
xlabel('Time, hr'), ylabel('P, MW'), grid
 COMMAND WINDOW:

 PLOT
 2. Determine the real and reactive power supplied or received by each source and the power
loss in the line.

 Write a MATlAB program for the system such that the phase angle of source 1 is
changed from its initial value by ±28° in steps of 4°.
 CODING
E1=120;
a1=-4;
E2=100;
a2=4;
R=4;
X=8;
Z= R + j*X; % line impedance
a1 = (-30+a1:5:30+a1)'; % change a1 by +/- 30 deg., col. array
a1r = a1*pi/180; % convert degree to radian
k=length(a1);
a2=ones(k,1)*a2; % create col. array of same length for a2
a2r = a2*pi/180; % convert degree to radian
V1=E1.*cos(a1r) + j*E1.*sin(a1r);
V2=E2.*cos(a2r) + j*E2.*sin(a2r);
I12 = (V1 - V2)./Z; I21=-I12;
S1= V1.*conj(I12); P1 = real(S1); Q1 = imag(S1);
S2= V2.*conj(I21); P2 = real(S2); Q2 = imag(S2);
SL= S1+S2; PL = real(SL); QL = imag(SL);
Result1=[a1, P1, P2, PL];
disp(' ')
disp(' Delta 1 P_1 P_2 P_L ')
disp(Result1)
plot(a1, P1, a1, P2, a1, PL), grid
text(-26, -550, 'P_1'), text(-26, 600,'P_2'), text(-26, 115,
'P_L')
xlabel('Source #1 Voltage Phase Angle, \delta_1'), ylabel('P,
Watts')
  COMMENT WINDOW:

Delta 1 P_1 P_2 P_L

-34.0000 -491.6002 765.9873 274.3871
-29.0000 -436.7692 650.3645 213.5953
-24.0000 -373.1344 533.5973 160.4629
-19.0000 -301.1803 416.5744 115.3942
-14.0000 -221.4543 300.1865 78.7322
-9.0000 -134.5633 185.3192 50.7559
-4.0000 -41.1686 72.8469 31.6783
1.0000 58.0191 -36.3746 21.6446
6.0000 162.2449 -141.5139 20.7310
11.0000 270.7155 -241.7709 28.9446
16.0000 382.6055 -336.3826 46.2229
21.0000 497.0632 -424.6289 72.4343
26.0000 613.pLOT2176 -505.8382 107.3794
 PLOT


 Power System Lab3

A. Zdata = [ fbus tbus r x ]

1 2 0.01008 0.0504 ;
1 3 0.00744 0.0372 ;
2 4 0.00744 0.0372 ;
3 4 0.01272 0.0636 ;

1. Find bus admittance matrix by hand calculation

2. Build your algorithm in matlab program to find bus admittance matrix
3. From question (2) Find Ybus matrix
4. From the diagram shown below find voltage of bus 1, 2 and 3B.
 Solution
A.
1. Find bus admittance matrix by hand calculation

1
Y 12= =90.9091− j 454.545
0.01008+ j0.0504
1
Y 13= =134.4086− j672.043
0.00744+ j 0.0372
1
Y 24= =134.4086− j 672.043
0.00744 + j 0.0372
1
Y 34= =73.9641− j 369.820
0.001272+ j0.0636
2. Build your algorithm in matlab program to find bus admittance matrix
3. From question (2) Find Ybus matrix

4. From the diagram shown below find voltage of bus 1, 2 and 3B.
 POWER SYSTEM LAB 3
1. Draw flowchart of Guassidel iteration method .
2. Find a root of this equation x 2−6 x +2=0 by Guassidel iteration method and initial value
(0)
x =1 , ε <0.003
3. Find a root of equation above by the same method in your Matlab algorithm
4. Power flow by Guassidel method
• Collect the system data (bus data, gen data, branch data)
• Form Ybus matrix
• Identify the which one is (slack bus, PV buses, PQ buses)
• Assume bus voltages: for PQ buses (magnitude + angle), for PV buses (angle) for Slack
both pre-specified
• Form the voltage equation of PV buses and PQ buses
• Slack bus nothing to deal with
• For PV buses: find Q and new voltage angle (fixed magnitude) from the voltage
equation
• For PQ buses: find new voltage from the voltage equation
• Check the voltage convergence of all buses
• (If converge) program is terminated
• (If not converge) go to 6. again, and repeat
5. Using the Gauss-Seidel method, determine the values of the voltage at the load buses 2 and 3
6. Obtain the power flow solution of system below by using Guassidel method
  SOLUTION

1. Draw flowchart of Guassidel iteration method .

Start

Set i=1

Set x(i)=1

Set error_x(i)=0.003

While error_x(i)>=0.003

Set x(i+1) = (1/x(i)) * (6*x(i) - 2)

Set error_x(i+1) = abs(x(i+1) - x(i)

Set i = i + 1

End

2. Find a root of x 2−6 x +2=0 by Guass Seidel for x(0) =1 , ε <0.003

2
We have x −6 x +2=0
1
x (1 )= [ 6 x ( 0 )−2 ]= 11 ( 6 ×1−2 )=4
x ( 0)
x (2 )=5.5

x (3 )=5. 63
x ( 4 )=5.64516129

x (5 )=¿ 5.64571428

Thus, a root of x 2−6 x +2=0 is x=5.64571428

3. Find a root of equation above by the same method in your Matlab algorithm.
CODING:
clear;
clc;
format('long','g');
i=1;
x(i)=1 ;
error_x(i)=0.003;
while error_x(i) >= 0.003
x(i+1) = (1/x(i))*(6*x(i)-2);

error_x(i+1) = abs(x(i+1)-x(i));

i=i+1
end
disp(' x error_x');
disp([x',error_x'])

COMMENT WINDOW:
x error_x
4 3
5.5 1.5
5.63636363636364 0.136363636363637
5.64516129032258 0.00879765395894339
5.64571428571429 0.000552995391705835
5. Using the Gauss-Seidel method, determine the values of the voltage at the load buses 2 and 3.
CODING:
clear;
clc;
Z_12 = 0.02 + j*0.04;
Z_13 = 0.01 + j*0.03;
Z_23 = 0.0125 + j*0.025;
Z_33 = Z_13 + Z_23;
%%%%%%%%%%%
% y12=10-j*20;
% y13=10-j*30;
% y23=16-j*32;
% y33=y13+y23;
% V1=1.05+j*0;
y12=1/(Z_12);
y13=1/(Z_13);
y23=1/(Z_23);
y33=y13+y23;
V1=1.05+j*0;
%format long
iter =0;
S2=-4.0-j*2.5;
P3 = 2;
V2=1.03+j*0;
Vm3=1.04;
V3=1.04+j*0;
for I=1:10;
iter=iter+1
E2 = V2;
E3=V3;
V2 = (conj(S2)/conj(V2)+y12*V1+y23*V3)/(y12+y23)
DV2 = V2-E2;
Q3 = -imag(conj(V3)*(y33*V3-y13*V1-y23*V2));
S3 = P3 +j*Q3;
Vc3 = (conj(S3)/conj(V3)+y13*V1+y23*V2)/(y13+y23);
Vi3 = imag(Vc3);
Vr3= sqrt(Vm3^2 - Vi3^2);
V3 = Vr3 + j*Vi3
 DV3=V3-E3;
end
COMMAND WINDOW:
iter = 1
V2 = 0.9766 - 0.0411i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0042i
iter =2
V2 =0.9713 - 0.0428i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0068i
iter =3
V2 =0.9708 - 0.0445i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0081i
iter =4
V2 =0.9707 - 0.0452i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0087i
iter =5
V2 =0.9706 - 0.0455i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0089i
iter =6
V2 =0.9706 - 0.0456i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0090i
iter =7
V2 =0.9706 - 0.0457i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0090i
iter =8
V2 =0.9706 - 0.0457i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0090i
iter =9
V2 =0.9706 - 0.0457i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0090i
iter = 10
V2 = 0.9706 - 0.0457i V3 =1.0400 - 0.0091i
6. Obtain the power flow solution of system below by using Guassidel method.
y12=10-j*20;
y13=10-j*30;
y23=16-j*32;
V1=1.05+j*0;
iter =0;
S2=-2.566-j*1.102;
S3=-1.386-j*.452;
V2=1+j*0;
V3=1+j*0;
for I=1:10;
iter=iter+1;
V2 = (conj(S2)/conj(V2)+y12*V1+y23*V3)/(y12+y23);
V3 = (conj(S3)/conj(V3)+y13*V1+y23*V2)/(y13+y23);
disp(' ier V2 V3');
disp([iter, V2, V3])
end
COMMENT WINDOW:
Iter =1
V2 =0.9825 - 0.0310i V3 =1.0011 - 0.0353i
Iter =2
V2 =0.9816 - 0.0520i V3 =1.0008 - 0.0459i
Iter =3
V2 =0.9808 - 0.0578i V3 =1.0004 - 0.0488i
Iter =4
V2 =0.9803 - 0.0594i V3 =1.0002 - 0.0497i
Iter =5
V2 =0.9801 - 0.0598i V3 =1.0001 - 0.0499i
Iter =6
V2 =0.9801 - 0.0599i V3 =1.0000 - 0.0500i
Iter =7
V2 =0.9800 - 0.0600i V3 =1.0000 - 0.0500i
Iter =8
V2 =0.9800 - 0.0600i V3 =1.0000 - 0.0500i
Iter =9
V2 =0.9800 - 0.0600i V3 =1.0000 - 0.0500i
Iter =10
V2 =0.9800 - 0.0600i V3 =1.0000 - 0.0500i