Exercise 1F

z 12 + 5i
1 a = c z =−3 + 6i

z= (122 + 52 )= 169= 13 z = ( (−3) 2

+ 62 ) = 45 = 3 5
5 6
tan α
= = α 0.39 rad. tan
= α = α 1.107
12
3
arg z = 0.39 radians (2 d.p.)
arg z = π − α = 2.03 radians (2 d.p.)
b z
= 3+i
d z= 2 − 2i

z = (( )
3) 2 + 12 = 4=2 z= (2 2
+ (−2) 2 )= 8= 2 2
1 π 2 π
tan α
= = α tan α
= = α
3 6 2 4
π π
arg z = arg z =−α =−
6 4

e z =−8 − 7i

z= ( (−8) 2
+ (−7) 2 )= 113
7
tan
= α = α 0.7188
8
arg z =−(π − α ) =−2.42 radians (2 d.p.)

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1 f z =−4 + 11i
( 2) + ( 2)
2 2
2 a i 2 + 2i=
= 8
=2 2

2 π
ii tan α = , so α =
2 4
π
arg z =
4
z = ( (−4) 2
+ 112 ) = 137
( 5) + ( 5)
2 2
11 b i 5 + 5i=
tan
= α = α 1.222
4 = 50
arg z = π − α =1.92 radians (2 d.p.)
=5 2

g=z 2 3 −i 3 5 π
ii tan α = , so α =
5 4
π
arg z =
4

( −6 ) + ( 6 )
2 2
c i −6 + 6i =
= 72
=6 2
=z ( (2 3) 2 + (−
= 3) 2 ) 15
6 π
3 1 ii tan α = , so α =
tan
= α = = α 0.4636 6 4
2 3 2 Here z is in the second quadrant, so
arg z = −0.46 radians (2 d.p.) arg =
z (π −α )
π 3π
h z =−8 − 15i arg z = π − =
4 4

( −a ) + ( −a )
2 2
d i − a − ai =
= 2a 2
=a 2

a π
ii tan α = , so α =
z= ( (−8) 2
+ (−15) 2 )= 289= 17
Here z
a 4
is in the third quadrant, so
tan α
=
15
= α 1.0808 arg z =−(π −α )
8  π 3π
arg z =−(π − α ) =−2.06 radians (2 d.p.) arg z =
− π −  =
−
 4 4

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3 z1= 3 + 5i 4 d z 2 = 5 + pi
z2 = 5 + pi
a z1= 3 + 5i
= 52 + p 2
2 2
= 3 +5 Since z2 = 13
= 34 52 + p 2 =
13

b z1=
2
( 3 + 5i )
2 52 + p 2 =
169
=9 + 30i + 25i 2 p 2 = 144
=9 + 30i − 25 p = ±12

=−16 + 30i
5 a
c z12 =−16 + 30i

= ( −16 ) + 302
2

= 34

( )
2
= 34
2
= z1
9
2 b tan α =
Therefore, z12 = z1 as required. 40

4 z1 =
26
=α arctan
= 9
40 ( )
0.2213...

3 + 2i Here z is in the third quadrant,

a=z1
26
×
3 − 2i so arg z = −(π −α )
3 + 2i 3 − 2i
arg z =− ( π − 0.2213...) =−2.92
26 ( 3 − 2i )
=
9 − 4i 2
6 a z= 3 + 4i
26 ( 3 − 2i )
z 2 =( 3 + 4i ) =9 + 12i + 12i + 16i 2
2
=
13
=−7 + 24i
= 2(3 − 2i)
= 6 − 4i
( −7 ) + ( 24 )
2 2 2
b z = = 625 = 25
b z1= 6 − 4i
c tan α =
24
62 + ( −4 )
2
= 7
= 52 =α arctan
= 24 1.2870...
7 ( )
= 2 13 z is in the second quadrant, so
2

arg z 2= π − α
z1 z2 z=
c = 1 z2 26 13
arg z 2 =
π − 1.2870... =
1.85
2 13 z2 = 26 13
z2 = 13

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6 d  3+22 p 
8 b arg z2 = arctan  3− 2 p 
 2 
 3+ 2p 
= arctan  
 3− 2p 
Since we are told that arg z2 = arctan 5 it
follows that:
3+ 2p
=5
3− 2p
z1 4 + 6i
7 a = 3 + 2 p =15 − 10 p
z2 1 + i
−12 =−12 p
Multiply by the complex conjugate
4 + 6i ( 4 + 6i ) (1 − i ) p =1
= × 3− 2p 3+ 2p
1+ i (1 + i ) (1 − i ) c z2
= + i
2 2
4 − 4i + 6i − 6i 2 1 + 5i
= When p= 1, z2=
1 − i + i − i2 2 2
= 10 + 2 i
() ()
2 2
2 2 z2 = 1 + 5 = 26 = 26
2 2 4 2
= 5+i
d
z1
( 5) + (1)
2 2
b=
z2

= 26

c tan α =
1
5
=α arctan
= 1 0.20
5
As z is in the first quadrant
arg z= α= 0.20 radians (2 d.p.)
26
z z 9 a z=
8 a 1 = 1 − i ⇒ z2 = 1 2 − 3i
z2 1− i Multiply by the complex conjugate
3 + 2 pi
=z
26
×
( 2 + 3i )
z2 =
1− i ( 2 − 3i ) ( 2 + 3i )
Multiply by the complex conjugate 52 + 78i
( 3 + 2 pi ) × (1 + i ) =
=z2 4 + 6i − 6i − 9i 2
(1 − i ) (1 + i ) = 52 + 78 i
3 + 3i + 2 pi + 2 pi 2 13 13
= = 4 + 6i
1 + i − i − i2
 3− 2p   3+ 2p  b z 2 =( 4 + 6i ) =16 + 24i + 24i + 36i 2
2
=  + i
 2   2  So z 2 =−20 + 48i

( 4) + (6)
2 2
c z= = 52 = 2 13

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 4a + 3b −3a + 4b
10 c w =21 − 22 i = + i
9 d tan α =
48 5 5 5 5
20 Equate real coefficients:
=α tan= −1 48
20 ( )
1.1760... 4a + 3b =
21
Equate imaginary coefficients:
(1)

Here z 2 is in the second quadrant −3a + 4b = −22 (2)

so arg ( z 2 )= π − α
3 × (1) : 12a + 9b =
63 (3)
( )
arg z 2 = π − 1.1760...
4 × ( 2) : −12a + 16b =
−88 (4)
= 1.97 radians (2 d.p.)
( 3) + (4) ⇒ 25b = −25
10 a z1 + z2 =( 4 + 2i ) + ( 2 + 4i ) =6 + 6i b = −1
Substituting b = −1 into (1): 4a − 3 =21
( 6) + ( 6)
2 2
z1 + z2 = = 72 = 6 2 a=6

b=
w
z1 z3
=
( 4 + 2i )( a + bi ) d tan α
=
22
= 22
5

z2 2 + 4i 21
5
21
( 4 2i )( a + bi )
z1 z3 =+
= 4a + 4bi + 2ai + 2bi 2
=α arctan
= 22 0.8086...
21 ( )
Here z is in the fourth quadrant, so
= ( 4a − 2b ) + ( 4b + 2a ) i arg z = −α

w=
( 4a − 2b ) + ( 4b + 2a ) i arg z = −0.81 radians (2 d.p.)

( 6 ) + ( 3)
2 2
2 + 4i 11 a w= = 45 = 3 5
Multiply by the complex conjugate
( ( 4a − 2b ) + ( 4b + 2a ) i ) × ( 2 − 4i ) 3 1
w b tan α= =
( 2 + 4i ) ( 2 − 4i ) 6 2

=
8a − 4b − (16a − 8b ) i + ( 8b + 4a ) i − (16b + 8a ) i 2
2
=α tan= −1 1
2 ()
0.4636...
4 − 8i + 8i − 16i Here w is in the first quadrant
so arg z = α
=
(16a + 12b ) + ( −12a + 16b ) i arg z = 0.46 radians (2 d.p.)
20
=
16a + 12b −12a + 16b
+ i c arg ( λ + 5i + w )
20 20
4a + 3b −3a + 4b = arg ( λ + 5i + 6 + 3i )
= + i
5 5 = arg ( ( λ + 6 ) + 8i )
8
tan α =
λ +6
π
As tan = 1 , it follows that
4
8
= 1 , so λ = 2
λ +6

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 ( 3) 12 c For arg z , tan α = 3
2
( −1)
2
12 a z = + = 4 =2
1

b so
*
z =−1 + i 3
=α arctan
= 3 π
3 ( )
z =−1 − i 3,
Here z is in the third quadrant, so
z −1 − i 3 arg z =−(π −α )
=
z * −1 + i 3
Multiply by the complex conjugate arg z = (
− π− π =
3
− 2π
3 )
=
z ( −1 − i 3 ) × ( −1 − i 3 ) For arg z * , tan α = 3
z* ( −1 + i 3 ) ( −1 − i 3 ) 1
=α arctan
= 3 π
3 ( )
( 3)
2
1 + i 3 + i 3 + i2
= Here z * is in the second
( 3)
2
1 + i 3 − i 3 − i2 quadrant, so arg z *= π − α

=
−2 + 2i 3 arg z * = π − π = 2π
3 3
4
 z  3
2 =3
=− 1 + 3 i For arg  *  , tan α
= =
2
3
2 2 z  1
2
2
π
2
( )
z
( )   =α arctan
= 3
2
= −1 + 3  = 1+3 = 1=1 3
z* 2  2  4 4 z
Here is in the second
z*
 z
quadrant, so arg  * 
= π −α
z 
 z π 2π
arg  *  = π − =
z  3 3

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13 w + z = ( k + i ) + ( −4 + 5ki ) 14 Represent the given information on an
Argand diagram:
= ( k − 4 ) + (1 + 5k ) i
2π 2π
arg ( w + z ) = , and tan = − 3
3 3
1 + 5k − 3
=
k −4 1
1 + 5k = −k 3 + 4 3
So 5k + k 3 = 4 3 − 1

( )
k 5 + 3 = 4 3 −1

4 3 −1
k=
5+ 3
Using this information, consider the triangle
Rationalise the denominator by multiplying ∆ABC shown below:
by the conjugate

=k
( 4 3 − 1) × (5 − 3 )
(5 + 3 ) (5 − 3 )
20 3 − 12 − 5 + 3
=
25 − 5 3 + 5 3 − 3
21 3 − 17
=
22

π π π
∠A = − =
5 10 10
3π π 7π
∠C = + =
5 10 10
The angles in a triangle sum to π, so
∠B= π − ∠C − ∠A
7π π
=π − −
10 10
π
=
5
Using the sine rule:
sin A sin B sin C
= =
a b c
π π 7π
sin sin sin
= 10 = 5 10
z 5 z+w
π π
5sin = z sin
10 5
π
5sin
= z 10 ≈ 2.63
π
sin
5

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