MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &

CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

PILE DESIGN

PROJECT NO: M.F.D / 053/ 2023

Design For: power substation and water pumping

Transco unit iii pumping station Al Falah

LOCATION:
ABU DHABI

OWNER: Yaqoub Yousef Mohammed Abdulla Al Hammadi

CONSULTANT: Transco.

CONTRACTOR: AL DHAFRA ENGINEERING AND CONTRACTING EST

 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

V=14 T H=0.5 T June 22, 2023

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF 600 MM DIA PILES, 14 TONS C & 1TONS T

CONTENTS:

1.0 GENERAL

2.0 PROPOSED PILE DETAILS

3.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF THE PILE

3.1 MAXIMUM ALLAWABLE COMPRESSION LOAD

3.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF REINFORCEMENT

3.3 BENDING MOMENT CALCULATIONS IN PILE DUE TO H-FORCE &

CONSTRUCTIONAL ALLOWANCES

3.4 STRESS IN CONCRETE

3.5 CHECK FOR CLEAR SPACING

3.6 CHECK FOR BOND LENGTH

3.7 CHECK FOR STEEL IN TENSION

3.8 CHECK FOR SPACING OF STIRRUPS

4.0 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF THE PILE

4.1 RESUME OF SOIL DATA

4.2 TOTAL PILE CAPACITY

4.2.1 CAPACITY OF PILE IN ROCK LAYER

4.2.2 SHAFT FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF PILE IN SOIL ABOVE ROCK LAYER

4.3 CALCULATION OF SETTLEMENT OF PILE

4.3.1 SETTLEMENT OF PILE SHAFT

4.3.2 SETTLEMENT OF PILE CAUSED BY THE LOAD AT END BEARING
4.3.3 SETTLEMENT OF PILE CAUSED BY THE LOAD SUBMITTED ALONG THE
PILE SHAFT
4.3.4 TOTAL PILE SETTLEMENT

1
 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

1.0 GENERAL
Project : power substation and water pumping

Location : Transco unit iii pumping station Al Falah

ABU DHABI
Owner : Yaqoub Yousef Mohammed Abdulla Al Hammadi

PILING : MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING

Contractor : AL DHAFRA ENGINEERING AND CONTRACTING EST

Consultants : Transco.

References :
Principles of Foundation Engineering - Braja M Das
Pile Design and construction practice - M J Tomlinson, Third edition
Elements of Soil Mechanics for Civil and Mining Engineers
- By G N Smith
Pressure Meter and Foundation Engineering
- By F Baguelin, J F Jezequel, D H Shields

2.0 PROPOSED PILE DETAILS Ground Level ± 0.000 m G.Lvl

Pile Type : CFA 750 mm

max 1 m C.O.Lvl
Pile Diameter : 600 mm (Nominal) below platform

Design applied load :V 14 Tons (C) & H :0.5 Ton

Number of Piles : 4 Piles

Pile Toe Level : -6.50 m

Pile length : 6.50 m
Safety Factor : 11.36
2
Cub Concrete Strength : 40.00 N/mm
-3.8 m Rock Lvl
Reinforcement : 6.0m Steel Bars
BS 4449:1997
Main Bars : 9 No: 16 mm & fy = 460 N/mm2
Links : 8 mm @ 150mm & fy = 250 N/mm2 -6.5 m Toe Lvl
Cover : 75 mm

Tests :

Nbr of Working test : 0 Piles (2.0%)

Nbr of Integrity test : 4 Piles (100.0%)

Note: All Dimensions are in mm unless otherwise noted

C- Compression, S- Shear, T - Tension

2
 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

3.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF THE PILE

3.1 Maximum allawble compression load:

Allowing for eccentricity of loading due to deviations during construction, the
ultimate axial load should not exceed the value of N given by:

N = 0.4 fcu A c + 0.75 As fy

2 2
fcu = 40 N/mm , Ac = 280933.7815 mm (Net Area)
2 2
fy = 460 N/mm , As = 1809.557368 mm
N = 5119237.795 N Or 511.92 TONS
Load Factor : 1.4

Safe N = 365.66 TONS

Hence the pile is structurally safe to carry the load 14

3.2 Design Requirements of Reinforcement :

OUT OF POSITION ALLOWED : 75

OUT OF PLUMB ALLOWED : 1:75

The reinforcement shall be designed for this Article requirement

Horizontal load on the pile : 46.60 kN
Horizontal load from plumb on the pile : 1.87 kN
(Including construction allowances)

B.M produced by eccentricity : 10.50 kN.m

3.3 Bending Moment calculations in Pile due to H-force and constructional allowances:
Since the piles are restrained by the pilecaps and Tie Beams the pile head shall be considered to be
restrained from rotational moment. Hence the moment on the pile occurs mainly due to horizontal
force at the pile head.

Total horizontal force on the pile head (Ultimate) H= 67.11 kN

Elastic Analysis:
Reese and Matlock have established a series of curves for normally consolidated and cohesionless soils
for which the elastic modulus of the soil Es is assumed to increase from zero at the pile head in direct
proportion to the depth assuming that the pile behaves as an elastic beam on a soil which also behaves
elastically. Refer pages 219 to 223 of " Pile Design And Construction Practice by M J Tomlinson Third
Edition; 1987

Using the fixed Pile head equation (6.58) = MF = FmHT

MF = Bending Moment
Fm = Bending Moment Coefficient from figure 6.39b
T = Stiffness Factor
5
= EI/nh
E = Reference: BS 8110:1997 Part 2, Table 7.2
= 28000 MN/m² or N/mm²
4
I = 0.006361725 m
nh = Coefficient of subgrade modulus variation
= 28 MN/m3 (Refer figure 6.20)
T = 1.45
Zmax = L/T
L = Pile length
Zmax = 4.48  5
3
 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

Depth T Z=x/T Fm MF =FmHT

x (m) (m) (kN.m)
0 1.45 0.00 0.93 90.49
1.45 1.45 1.00 0.60 58.38
2.9 1.45 2.00 0.35 34.06
4.35 1.45 3.00 0.17 16.54
5.8 1.45 4.00 0.05 4.87
7.25 1.45 5.00 0.00 0.00

Therefore maximum bending moment on pile = M max =

10.5 + 90.49 = 100.99 kN.m

hs = 418 mm
418
Then hs /h = = 0.70
600

For the Ultimate State Design apply a load factor of 1.4 for working load:
1.4 N M
= 0.54 ; = 0.47
h² h3

From Chart 13 for design of circular columns to ACI318-08 , for this condition:
Area of Steel required Areq = 0.40%
Area of Steel provided As = 0.64% Therefore safe

Proposed reinforcement:
Main Bars, 9 Nos, Dia: 16 mm
Area = 0.64% of concrete Therefore O.K.
Links 8 mm @ 150 mm

3.4 Stress in Concrete:

the working stress in compression should not exceed 25% of
the characteristic concrete strength at 28 days;

14 x 10000
Working stress = = 0.495148712 N/mm2
p/4 x 600 ²

< 0.25 x fcu < 10 N/mm² Therefore safe

As an example of the foregoing calculations stresses,

the Moment at 5.8 M = 4.87 kN.m
Nc M f
s at 5.8 m = ± x
Ac I 2

140 x 103 4.87 x 106 x 600

= ±
p/4 x 360000 6361725124 x 2

= 0.72 OR 0.27 N/mm², Which give sm = 0.50

these stresses are < 0.25 fcu or 10 N/mm²

From the above results it can be inferred that stressses in the concrete are acceptable

4
 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

3.5 Check for Clear Spacing:

For 9 bars of 16 mm dia, c.c spacing = 145.91

Therefore clear spacing is 129.91 mm

max clear spacing is 300 mm

Thus 9 bars provided are adequate.

3.6 Check for Bond Length:

shows the following values of anchorages
for various grades of concrete:

Grade Type 2 Deformed Bars

30 40 f
35 38 f
40 35 f

For fcu = 40 N/mm²

Anchorage length = 35 x 16
= = 560 mm

We propose 750 mm into the pile cap

3.7 Check for steel in tension:

As = 1809.557368 mm² for 9 Bars, Dia 16 mm

Ultimate Tensile Force = 1809.56 x 437 (460 X 0.95 = 437)

= 790776.6 N = 79.078 Tons

Load Factor = 1.4

Allowable Tensile Force = 56.48 Tons > 1 Tons Therefore safe

3.8 Check for Spacing of Stirrups:

, for fcu = 40 N/mm²
ds = 400.00 mm gm = 1.25

Area of Reinforcement Provided = 1809.56 mm2

1/3 1/4
Shear Stress = vc = 0.79 x (100 x As/(b x d)) x (400/ds) /gm
2
= 0.576 N/mm for concrete grade 25
vc = 0.576 [40/25]
1/3
= 0.674 N/mm2 for concrete grade 40

Hw
Working Shear Stress in pile = v =
p/4 xf ²

67.11 x 103
v = = 0.237 N/mm² (Ultimate)
p/4 x 600 ²

As v < vc the permissible shear stress is more than the actual shear stress, No Shear reinforcement is not required.
however we provide nominal 8 mm links @ 150 mm

For this condition use the following equation:

Minimum Shear reinforcement required = Asv  0.4 bv sv / 0.95 fyv

0.95 x 460
< 100.53 mm² Therefore safe.
5
 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

4.0 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF THE PILE:

4.1 RESUME OF SOIL DATA:

Soil Report by : Al Masfoufa

Platform Level : ± 0.000 m

Platform Level

Cut-off Level : max 1 m Cut-Off Level

: below platform

UCS of shaft : 1600 kN/m²

From BH 1

UCS at Toe : 0 kN/m²

From BH 1
Rock Level
Toe Level : -6.50 m Toe Level

Length of Piles:

It should be emphasized that the length of pile assumed in these calculations is based on Lower cut-off
levels, Loadings and results of tests run on a few boreholes carried out by a third party. At any rate such
information contained in the Boreholes results affecting the design may not be exactly representative of the
whole area and particularly that the hard strata reported may differ from pile location to the other. The
length of pile(s) shall be determined on site while boring by our supervisor on site as he is the best judge of
the soil conditions because he watching every bore all the time.Of course the attention of the Engineer's
Representative shall be drawn to each case as it arises and a decision taken regarding where to found the
pile in each case.

4.2 Total Pile Capacity :

4.2.1 Pile Capacity in Rock Layer :

Taking the worst case, Rock Level : -3.75 m
UCS of rock at Toe of Pile : -6.50 m 0 kN/m²
UCS in Rock Socket : 1600 kN/m²
Length of Rock Socket : 2.75 m
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Pile Qu
_
a. 1st assumption (SF shall be greater than 3.0):
Reference: Braja M Das (Principles of Foundation Engineering - Pages 487 - 504) - Estimation of shaft & end
bearing according to (TERZAGHI - a) Method which can be calculated as follows:

Qu = Qb + Qs = Ab qb +As qs = 9 Cb Ab + a Cs As

Ab = Pile base area = 282743.3 mm²

Cb = Cohesion at base = ½ quc of UCS of Rock = 0.00 N/mm²

D = Diameter of Piles = 600 mm

As = Area of Socket friction in rock = 5183627.878 mm²

Cs = Average Skin Cohesion = ½ quc of Skin UCS of Rock = 0.80 N/mm²
a = Adhesion Factor = 0.4 (Bowels 5th Ed: Foundation analysis & design - Fig. 16-14 page 899)
(see annex - page 4)
2 2
qb = 0 kN/m & qs = 320 kN/m

Qb = 282743.3388 x 0 = 0 N 0.00%
Qs = 5183627.878 x 0.32 = 1658760.921 N 100.00%
Qu = 1658760.921 N = 165.88 Tons
6
 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

b. 2nd assumption (SF shall be greater than 3.0):

(Reference: Tomlinson's "Pile Design and Construction" Pages 131 - 136 Unit end bearing according to
Tomlinson can be calculated as follows:

qb = 2 Nf quc (4.26)
Where Nf = tan² (45 + f/2) For UCS of 0 kN/m² ;
f = 27 °, Nf = 2.66 ;

qb = 2 x 2.66 x 0 = 0.00 kN/m²

= 0.00 N/mm²

Shaft Frictional Resistance of Pile in Rock according to Tomlinson (After Williams & Pells):
qs = ab quc Where,

a = Rock Socket Reduction factor = 0.30 ;

b = Rock Socket correction factor = 0.65 ; (Dependent on Mass factor/RQD)
Average RQD < 50%

quc = 1.600 N/mm² (Average UCS Value)

qs = 0.30 x 0.650 x 1.600 = 0.312 N/mm²

Shaft Frictional Resistance of Pile in Rock according to according to Tomlinson (After Rosenberg & Journeaux) :
qs = ab quc ; a = 0.20 ;b= 1.00 ;
qs = 0.2 x 1 x 1600 = 0.32 N/mm²

From the above comparative calculations it can be inferred that the minimum values are:
qb = 0.00 N/mm² ; qs = 0.31 N/mm²

Therefore
Qb = 282743.3388 x 0 = 0 N 0.00%
Qs = 5183627.878 x 0.31 = 1617291.898 N 100.00%
Qu = 1617291.898 N = 161.73 Tons

From the above comparative calculations it can be inferred that the minimum value for bearing in rock is:
Qu = 161.73 Tons

4.2.2 Shaft Frictional Resistance of Pile in Soil above Rock Layer: Not Considered
Friction angle of shaft in the Soil Layer : 27.0  (see annex - page 1)
Length of Pile shaft in Soil Layer : 0.0 m

Qs (S) = As qs = 1/2 Ks s'v0 tand As ; Where

g' = Average Effective unit weight of shaft pile in soil = 3

18.00 kN/m , (see annex - page 3 to take an idea)
s'v0 = Effective overburden pressure at the base of soil level = 0.00 kN/m² ,
Ks = Coefficient of the horizontal soil stress; d = Pile/Soil friction angle
As = Area of Socket friction = 0 mm²

qs = 1/2 Ks s'v0 tand As ; Where :

Ks = Coefficient of the horizontal soil stress; d = Pile/Soil friction angle
Ks = K0 = (1-sinf) = 0.546 (Pile Design and construction practice - M J Tomlinson,
tand = tanf = 0.510 Third edition: Cast-in-place; concrete/sand)

qs = 0.00 kN/m²
Qs (S) = 0 x 0 = 0 N= 0 Tons

Therefore, the total capacity of the pile is : Qu = 161.73 Tons

7
 MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND &
CONTRACTING
Tel: + 971 2 6213668
MIDDLE EAST FOUNDATION DRILLIND & CONTRACTING Fax: +971 2 6213667
E-mail: [email protected]
P.O. Box: 28840 - Abu Dhabi Mob: + 971 50 5291904

In compression :
F.S = 3 ; Qallow = 53.91 Tons
> 14 Tons ; Therefore safe
In Tension :
Q u = Qs = 162 Tons ; The weight of pile is not considered
F.S = 2.5 ; Qallow = 64.69 Tons
> 1 Tons ; Therefore safe

4.3 Calculation of Settlement of Pile :

Reference: "Principles of Foundation Engineering", 3rd edition by Braja M Das.

Nomenclature:
S = Total pile settlement = S1 + S2 + S3
S1 = Settlement of pile shaft
S2 = Settlement of pile caused by the load at end bearing
S3 = Settlement of pile caused by the load transmitted along the pile shaft

4.3.1 Settlement of Pile shaft :

Settlement of pile shaft = S1 = (Qwp + x Qws )L
Ap Ep
Qwp = load carried by end bearing under working load condition = 0 kN
Qws = load carried by shaft friction under working load condition = 140 kN
Ap = area of pile cross section = 282743.34 mm²
L = Length of the pile from cut-off level of 1m (L-1m) = 5500.00 mm
Ep = Young's modulus of the pile material = 28 kN/mm²
Skin Friction resistance Distribution factor " x " = 0.5
x = 0.5 for uniform & parabolic ; x = 0.67 for triangular (Vesic, 1977)

Settlement of pile shaft = S1 = 0.049 mm

4.3.2 Settlement of pile caused by the load at end bearing :

S2 = qwp D x (1 - ms² ) Iwp
Es
D = diameter of pile = 600.0 mm
qwp = point load per unit area at pile point = 0.00 kN/m²
Es = Young's modulus of rock at pile tip (see annex - pages 7, 9 & 10) = 700000 kN/m²
µs = Poisson's ratio of soil = 0.30 (see annex - page 11)
Iwp = influence factor = 0.88

S2 = Settlement of pile caused by the load at end bearing = 0.00 mm

4.3.3 Settlement of pile caused by the load transmitted along the pile shaft :
S3 = Qws x D x (1- µS2) Iws
pLe Es
p = perimeter of the pile = 1884.96 mm
Le = embedded length of pile = 2.75 m
Iws = influence factor = 2 + 0.35  Le / D (Vessic, 1977) = 3.06 mm

S3 = 0.07 mm

4.3.4 Total pile settlement :

Total settlement anticipated = S = S1 + S2 + S3 = 0.12 mm
The above figures, it must be appreciated, are calculated using data available from the soil report
and the actual conditions may vary taking into consideration the practical aspects and limitations
of the piling operation.

We cannot predict residual settlements as these should better be left to the actual testing of piles.