Functional Skills Maths

Entry Level 3
Study Pack 2
Money and Number
HCUC offer courses in mathematics at Entry level, Level 1, GCSE and A level. The following
resource give you a taste of some of the topics covered in Functional Skills and GCSE maths
lessons. It includes some important facts along with worked examples and exam style
questions. The solutions are included for your reference.
The purpose of this resource is to give an initial insight into an example lesson. Actual
lessons may consists of more activities/use of technology and may be adapted to meet the
needs of individual learners.

In this pack there are 3 example lessons:

Lesson 1: Money Pages 3 – 11
Lesson 2: Whole numbers, decimals & Rounding Pages 12 – 21
Lesson 3: Fractions & Decimals Pages 22 - 32

2|Page
 Functional Skills Maths
Entry Level 3
Money Skills
Study Resource

3|Page
 Document Index
Explanation, key words Page 5
Questions & worked answers Page 6
Links to external videos Page 9
Online quiz Page 9
Exam-style questions Page 10
Exam answers Page 11

Money in Functional Skills Entry 3

Money is in the topic of ‘Measure’.
At Entry 3, you are assessed on being able to calculate with money using decimal notation
and express money correctly in writing in pounds and pence. You will also be assessed on
being able to round amounts of money to the nearest £1 or 10p.

4|Page
 Money skills
Introduction
We all know how to spend money, but how are your Maths skills when it comes to
money? This document will give you a chance to check and update your skills.

Key Words relating to Money

Convert change from one thing to another

Round To ‘round’ a number is to change the number to one that is less exact but
easier to use for calculations
Currency Another word for money
Profit The money earned or made when something is sold and any other costs

Discount To pay less for something; to get money off the price of an item
Exchange To swap for something else. In terms of money, this usually means swap
your British pounds for money from another country or the other way
round.

Interest Money paid regularly at a particular rate. This could be money which is in a
bank account of has been borrowed, like a loan.

When you work with money, you use decimal numbers.

Decimals are numbers that have a ‘dot’ in them, just one dot. For British money, the dot
separates the pounds (£) from pence (p).

When dealing with money, we sometimes round the value, to make it easier for us to talk
about or use. For example, if a shirt costs £14.99, you might tell someone that it costs £15.
Another example might be if you wanted to buy a few items at 45p, 29p and 99p. You
might round those numbers in your head to 50p, 30p and £1 to check you had enough
money to buy them.

Try the tasks on the next page to check your money skills.

5|Page
Task 1: Can you name the value of these different coins?
(Answers are given on the last page of this document)
Your options are 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1, £2
A B C D E F G H

You need to be able to work out total when you have lots of coins together.

= 3 x £1 = £3 = 10p + 20p = 30p

Task 2: How much is each pile of coins worth?

(Answers are given on the last page of this document)
A) B)

C) D)

6|Page
Task 3
Add up the costs listed below
Could you buy each list with a £5 note or would you need a £10 note?
A) Coffee (£2), cake (£1), large cola (£1)
B) Burger (£3), chips (£1.50), water (£1)
C) Pasta (75p), Beans (50p), milk (£1.10), sugar (£0.80)
D) 2 x sausage roll (1 is 90p), 3 x vegetable pasty (1 is £1.10), 2 x tomato soup (1 is 85p)

Extension task: How much change would you get from a £5 or £10 note?

Task 4
By matching the ‘unrounded’ sums on the left with the ‘rounded’ versions on the right,
find the pair that don’t match.
Unrounded values Rounded values
A) 46 + 37 E) 34 + 96 1) 70 + 30 5) 20 + 70

B) 19 + 73 F) 66 + 29 2) 30 + 50 6) 30 + 60

C) 25 + 59 G) 25 + 59 3) 50 + 40 7) 60 + 20

D) 56 + 24 H) 63 + 38 4) 70 + 40 8) 10 + 80

Extension: For the pair that doesn’t match, write down a value for each on that will
match with it.

7|Page
 Answers
Task 1

A B C D E F G H
1p 50p £1 2p £2 10p 20p 5p

Task 2

A) 2p + 2p + 20p + 50p = 74p B) 10p + 20p + £1 + £1 + 50p = £2.80

C) 50p + 50p + 50p + £2 + £2 + 10p = £2.60 D) 1p + 1p + 1p +20p + 20p + 20p + £1 + 50p = £2.13

Task 3

A) £2 + £1 + £1 = £4  Yes, you could use a £5 note

B) £3 + £1.50 + £1 = £5.50  No, you could not use a £5 note, you need a £10 note

C) 75p + 50p + £1.10 + £0.80 = £3.15  yes, you could use a £5 note

D) (2 x 90p) + (3 x £1.10) + (2 x 85p) = 180p + £2.20 + 170p = £1.80 + £2.20 + £1.70

= £5.70  No, you could not use a £5 note, you need a £10 note.

Task 3 Extension

A) £5 – £4 = £1 change B) £10 - £5.50 = £4.50 C) £5 - £3.15 = £1.85 D) £10 - £5.70 = £4.30

Task 4

A) 46 + 37 matches to 3) 50 + 40 F) 66 + 29 matches to 1) 70 + 30

B) 19 + 73 matches to 5) 20 + 70 G) 25 + 54 matches to 2) 30 + 50

C) 25 + 59 matches to 6) 30 + 60 H) 63 + 38 matches to 4) 70 + 40

D) 56 + 24 matches to 7) 60 + 20

E) 34 + 96 and 8) 10 + 80 do not match. E) 34 + 96 would match with 40 + 100.

8) 10 + 80 could match with 14 + 83 or 9 + 76 or 7 + 79 or 5 + 84

10 + 80 could be (any number between 5 and 14) + (any number between 75 and 84)

8|Page
Links to websites
Below are a few websites which you might find useful. We suggest you go to them by
clicking on the links below, rather than try and type them in!

Link Information
https://youtu.be/5IzYZRcKOnY
How to change Pounds(£) to Pence(p) and
change Pence(p) to Pounds(£)
https://youtu.be/6IN7p914Ov8

https://youtu.be/LVGZPT2Ilsc Rounding pounds and pence

https://youtu.be/oi-J_8TAEuI Adding pounds and pence

https://youtu.be/_n7IWGMREqo
Solving Money problems
https://youtu.be/arw4XshpwpQ

Topic Quiz
Test your skill with this online quiz:
https://forms.gle/bgQ8obLotzUFtbY17
It will mark it for you and give you feedback if you got a question wrong. Good luck!

9|Page
Exam-Style Questions
Here are some typical exam questions at this level:
1) Pete buys some dog snacks. The dog snacks cost £7.90.

He pays with a £10 note.

How much change should Pete get?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2) Sue and Beth go to a café.

Sue buys 2 teas, 2 sandwiches and 1 pasta.

What is the total cost their food?

10 | P a g e
 Answers

11 | P a g e
Functional Skills Maths
Entry Level 3
Number 1

Study Pack
HCUC offers courses in mathematics at Entry level, Level 1, GCSE and A level. The following
resource gives you a taste of some of the topics covered in Functional Skills and GCSE maths
lessons. It includes some important facts along with worked examples and exam style
questions. The solutions are included for your reference.
The purpose of this resource is to give an initial insight into an example lesson. Actual
lessons may consist of more activities/use of technology and may be adapted to meet the
needs of individual learners.

Whole Numbers, Decimals and Rounding in

Functional Skills Entry 3

Content List
Topic explanation and some examples Page 14

Links to external videos & websites Page 18

Online quiz Page 18

Exam-style questions and worked solutions Pages 19

At Entry 3, you are assessed on being able to Count, read, write, order and compare numbers up
to 1000. This document helps you with updating your skills on the above skills.
Reading and writing numbers:

The first step in working on maths and dealing with problem solving questions is to know how to
read and write numbers. In your daily life, you may plan to buy a car/house and need to read the
advertisements with prices, for instance.

Aiming this, you will need to now the place names in numbers. Look at the first example now.

Example 1:

thousands hundreds tens units

4 8 9 1

We read the above number as: four thousand, eight hundred and ninety one.

This is how we write this number: 4,891 (use the comma to make it easier when reading, however,
it is optional).

Example 2: In the number 21.9 the point separates the 21 (the whole number part) from the 9
(the fractional part, which means 9 tenths). So 21.9 is 21 and nine tenths.

Example 3: below is how we show and express decimal places up to 3.

Rounding numbers:

By rounding the numbers, you will be able to approximate numbers to a given number of places.
At your level, numbers can be rounded to the nearest 10 and 100.

The general rule:

A good way of explaining this is to use a number line.

First, we identify the place value we are rounding to (nearest 10 or 100).

If we were rounding to the nearest ten, we would consider the value in the ‘ones’
column.
 If that number was less than five, the number needs to be rounded down.
 If that number is 5 or above, the number needs to be rounded up.

So 32 would be rounded down to 30, 35 would be

rounded up to 40 and 38 would also be rounded
up to 40:

If we were rounding to the nearest hundred, we would consider the value in the ‘tens’
column.
 If the tens digit is less than 50 the number is rounded down.
 If the tens digit is 50 or more, the number is rounded up.
 The ‘ones’ digit can be ignored when rounding a three-digit number to the nearest
100

So 834 would be rounded down to 800,

851 would be rounded up to 900 and
876 would be rounded up to 900:

(The examples above were taken from https://www.theschoolrun.com/what-is-rounding-numbers)

Example 4: round the number 6471 to the nearest 10 and 100.

Rounding to the nearest 10:

Less than 5 therefore it

6 4 7 1 will be rounded down

7 is in the ‘tens’ column in this number. The ones digit is 1 and hence, this number to the nearest
10 would be rounded as 6470

Rounded to 10 = 6470

Rounding to the nearest 100:

75 is above 50 so will

6 4 7 1 be rounded up

4 is in the ‘Hundreds’ column and the digits on the right-hand are 75. Therefore, this number to
the nearest 100 would be rounded as 6500

Rounded to 100 = 6500

Ordering integers:

Integers are whole numbers, exact numbers, numbers you could count on your fingers. When
you are given a set of integer numbers to be written in order, for instance, starting with the
biggest number, you could consider looking at how many digits for each number.

This only works with whole numbers, not any numbers with a decimal point!

You can choose the number with the most digits. Then, comparing the numbers with the same
amount of digit, you need to look at the digits from left-hand side onwards to judge which number
goes first. Try the question below:

Example 5:

Put these numbers in descending order (means from biggest to smallest):

4 6 5 9 8
46598, 952, 4910 and 47023. 9 5 2
4 9 2 0
Write the numbers underneath each other, in a list.
4 7 0 2 3
 Look at the first column, the left-hand column. There are two numbers that
have digits in that column, so they will be first and second, but in which order? We need to
look at the next column for just those numbers.

 One number has a ‘6’ and the other a ‘7’. 7 is higher than 6 so 47023 is bigger than 46598.

 Next, we look at the second column. We have two numbers left to sort and 4 7 0 2 3
only one of them has a value in the second column, so it must be bigger. It 4 6 5 9 8
9 5 2
goes next.
4 9 2 0

 We are left with one value, which goes at the bottom of the list.

4 7 0 2 3
4 6 5 9 8
4 9 2 0
9 5 2
Link to website(s)
Below are a few websites which you might find useful. We suggest you link to these on
your device, rather than try and type them in!
Place Value Value of a digit in a number
https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/skillswise/place- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfyS3g04i4Y
value/zbd747h

https://www.mathsisfun.com/place-value.html https://www.basic-math-explained.com/place-
value.html#.Xse23WhKjIU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5Qf0qSSJFI

Writing number words in figures or figures in Rounding/estimating – decimals

number words
https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/skillswise/roundin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsJ8ohjbvaM g-and-estimating/zv8qcqt

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/pre-algebra/pre- https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zmdqxnb
algebra-arith-prop/pre-algebra-place-value/v/writing-
numbers-in-words-and-standard-form

Rounding to nearest 10/100 Whole number/Big numbers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXPEUPjPFTE https://www.mathsisfun.com/whole-
numbers.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lv_FfiIhVDo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFyOsvnr9ig

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zh8dmp3/articles/z
px2qty https://www.scholastic.com/parents/school-
success/learning-toolkit-blog/easy-strategies-
adding-and-subtracting-larger-numbers.html

Topic Quiz
Test your skill with this online quiz / these online quizzes:
https://forms.gle/WW29BdbDcWUkkrJN7
Exam-Style Questions
Here is an example of a typical exam questions at this level:
Q1.

Lyn moves to a new flat.

These are the amounts she spends each month on rent and bills.

Calculate the total of these amounts.

(2)

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q2.

Riya and her friends want to rent a flat.

They want the flat to be lower than the 5th floor.
They want a flat that costs between £875 and £925 per month.
Riya finds information about flats to rent.
Which flat do they choose?
(1)
Select one of the following answers:

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q3.

A water meter shows how many units of water Riya and her friends use.
Riya reads the meter when they move in.
She reads the meter again after one month.

(a) How many units of water did the friends use in one month?
(2)
(b) Round 789 to the nearest 10
(1)
(c) Use the rounded number to check your answer to (a)
(1)

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Answers to Exam Style Questions

Q1

Total amount = rent + bills

Total = 679 + 138 = £817

Q2

To satisfy the first condition, the choice is between flats B, C, D, or F, as all are in a floor
lower than 5.
Flat C is excluded as its rent is more than £925.
Flats D and F are excluded because both have a rent less than £875.
Flat B is the flat satisfying the two conditions.

Q3

a) Units of water used are the difference between 820 and 789.
820 – 789 = 31units.
b) The digit to the right of digit in the tens column will decide the rounding. As 9 is more
than 5, 789 would be rounded up to 790.
c) 820 – 790 = 30, 30 is very close to 31. 790 + 31 = 821, which is also very close to 820.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Functional Skills Maths
Entry Level 3
Fractions, Decimals & Percentages

Study Pack
HCUC offers courses in mathematics at Entry level, Level 1, GCSE and A level. The following
resource gives you a taste of some of the topics covered in Functional Skills and GCSE maths
lessons. It includes some important facts along with worked examples and exam style
questions. The solutions are included for your reference.

The purpose of this resource is to give an initial insight into an example lesson. Actual lessons
may consist of more activities/use of technology and may be adapted to meet the needs of
individual learners.

Content List
Introduction to Decimals Page 24
Introduction to Fractions Page 26
Links to external videos Page 28
Online quizzes Page 28
Exam-style questions and worked solutions Page 29
Common misconceptions Page 32

Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages

Introduction
Fractions, Decimals and Percentages are used throughout modern day life, whether it is in
the workplace, calculating if you have been charged income tax correctly, or in a shop
whether you have been charged VAT correctly or even at the gym seeing whether your gym
membership has been charged at the special offer discounted price! A person who chooses
to ignore the skill of calculating these equivalences is clearly going to be disadvantaged!

At Functional Skills Entry Level 3, you will be assessed on the following topics in particular:
 Read, write, and understand thirds, quarters, fifths and tenths, including equivalent
forms

 Read, write and use decimals up to two decimal places

P a g e 23 | 34
INTRODUCTION TO DECIMALS

Not All Numbers Are Whole Numbers

 Decimals are numbers with a decimal point (.) in them. For example, 0.5, 1.3.
 If you are saying the number out loud, you say “point” where the “.” Is. For example, 1.3
is one point three.
 They are used to show the numbers in between whole numbers.
 Digits to the right of the “.” Are worth less than one.

The number 0.9 is a bit smaller than the number 1.

The number 1.1 is a bit bigger than the number 1.
The number 1.9 is a bit smaller than the number 2.
The number 1.0 is the same as the number 1.
The number 1.5 is exactly halfway between the numbers 1 and 2.
The number 2.54 is bigger than the number 2.51.
The number 4.61 is smaller than the number 4.63.
The number 6.80 is exactly the same as the number 6.8.

You Can Show Decimals on a Number Line

 A number line is a line with numbers spaced out along it in order.
 The further right a number is on a number line, the bigger it is.
 The space in between the whole numbers can be split into divisions.
 If the space is split into 10 divisions then each division is equal to 0.1.
 You can see this on a number line.

(2 + 0.2) (2 + 0.5) This space = 0.1

P a g e 24 | 34
Decimals are Used in Money and Measuring

 Decimals are used in money to show pounds (£) and pence (p).
 Money is always written with two digits after the decimal point, even if they are just
0s at the end.
£7.38 means 7 pounds and 38 pence.
You write £5.90 not £5.9 for 5 pounds and 90 pence.
£5.09 is 5 pounds and 9 pence.

 Decimals are also used in measuring.

 For example, you can use them to show metres (m) and centimetres (cm).
3.20 m means 3 metres and 20 centimetres.
3.2 m means 3 m and 20 cm too. You do not need to have two digits
1.62 m means 1 m and 62 sm. after the point for measurements.

P a g e 25 | 34
INTRODUCTION TO FRACTIONS

Fractions are part of a whole

1
Example: For the circle shown, the shaded part is shown by the fraction Think
4
of the fraction saying one part out of four parts.

The denominator (below the line) shows how many equal parts the object has been divided
into.

The numerator (above the line) shows how many of these parts have been selected.

Equivalent Fractions

The table below shows some equivalent fractions:

1 1
2 2

1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

1 1 1
3 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6

P a g e 26 | 34
If both the numerator and denominator of a fraction are multiplied by the SAME number,
the fraction stays the same.

1 2 4 1 2
e.g. = = and =
2 4 8 3 6

This property allows us to SIMPLIFY fractions, also known as CANCELLING.

9 93 3
e.g.  
15 15  3 5

Another way to simplify is to divide the numerator and the denominator by the SAME
fraction. We normally give fractions in their SIMPLEST form.
These fractions can also be put on a number line:

P a g e 27 | 34
Link to website(s)
Below are a few websites which you might find useful. We suggest you link to these on your
device, rather than try and type them in!

Link Explanation
https://youtu.be/bHo_Mt6-XHI Fractions – Video

https://corbettmaths.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/12/Fraction-of- Fractions – Worksheet
Shapes-pdf.pdf

https://www.k5learning.com/free-math-
worksheets/sixth-grade-6/fractions- Simplifying Fractions worksheet
convert/simplifying-fractions-easy

Fractions Wall Game: First click on (Scatter)

https://mathsbot.com/manipulatives/fracti
button, and then rearrange them as they
onWall
were.

https://corbettmaths.com/2012/08/10/ord
Ordering Decimals – Video
ering-decimals-video/

Topic Quiz
Test your skill with this online quiz / these online quizzes:

Decimals: https://forms.gle/LpyaP3qBhiNXqTbk8

Fractions: https://forms.gle/zaTdatomWbc3fPgP6

P a g e 28 | 34
Exam-Style Questions
Here are some examples of a typical exam question at this level

Q10. 2019
Riya wants to buy a bookshelf to fit under a window.

The bottom of the window is 1.43m from the floor.

Riya buys the tallest bookshelf that will fit.

Which bookshelf does she buy?

1.3m 1.39m 1.35m 1.62m 0.95m 1.4m

Q13. 2019
Riya wants curtains in her room. These are the lengths of curtains in metres.

1.0m 1.25m 1.5m

The lengths follow a pattern. Riya wants the next length up from 1.5m.

What length of curtains will Riya buy?

P a g e 29 | 34
Q1, 2017

P a g e 30 | 34
Answers

Q10 & Q13, 2019

Q1, 2017

P a g e 31 | 34
Common Misconceptions – Do you make these mistakes?

 If fractions are part of a one whole, you can’t get a fraction bigger than 1, moreover
when you multiply two fractions the answer is always smaller
 If 5 is bigger than 4 then 1/5 is bigger than 1/4
 A pizza can be cut into 5 unequal sizes, each piece is still a fraction 1/5 one
fifth
 If 2/9 + 3/9 = 5/9 then 1/6 + 1/9 = 2/15 of course

 Which is bigger 0.89 or 0.9? 0.89 of course eighty-nine sounds more than nine
 3.25 hours represent 3 hours and twenty-five minutes
 If 0.1 represents 10% then 2.5 represents? Must be 25%!
 If rail fares are increased by 10%, then decreased by 10%, then rail fares must be back
at the original price because +10% -10% , gets you back to where you started .
 Fractions, Decimals and Percentages, who needs these? I am never going to
need these in my life? I mean everything is computerised for you? Right?
You just google it and get the answer on your phone! It’s a waste of time
studying fractions, decimals and percentages.

P a g e 32 | 34
UXBRIDGE COLLEGE

Uxbridge Campus
Hayes Campus
Park Road,
College Way,
Uxbridge,
Coldharbour Lane,
Middlesex
Hayes,
UB8 1NQ
Middlesex
UB3 3BB

T +44 (0)1895 853333

www.uxbridgecollege.ac.uk

HARROW COLLEGE

Harrow-on-the-Hill Campus
Harrow Weald Campus
Lowlands Road, Brookshill,
Harrow, Harrow Weald,
Middlesex Middlesex
HA1 3AQ HA3 6RR
T +44 (0) 020 8909 6000
www.harrow.ac.uk