ART APPRECIATION

(LESSON 1)

WHAT IS ART?
INTRODUCTION AND ASSUMPTION

-ART – is from the ancient Latin;

-ARS -which means a "Craft or specialized form of skill, like carpentry or smithing or surgery"
(Collingwood, 1938). Art then suggested the capacity to produce an intended result from carefully
planned steps or method.
-ARS - in Medieval Latin came to mean something different. It meant "any special form of book-
learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology" (Collingwood, 1938). It was only during the
Renaissance Period that the word reacquired a meaning that was inherent in its ancient form of craft.

Why Study Humanities?

-HUMANITIES
-Constitutes one of the oldest and most important means of expression developed by man" (Dudley et
al., 1960). Human history has witnessed how man evolved not just physically but also culturally, from
cave painters to men of exquisite paintbrush users of the present.

THE GALLOPING WILD BOAR

-Found in the cave of Altamira, Spain is one such example.
1879
-a Spaniard and his daughter were exploring a cave when they saw pictures of a wild boar, hind, and
bison. According to experts, these paintings were purported to belong to Upper Paleolithic Age,
several thousands of years before the current era.
ART IS UNIVERSAL
In every country and in every generation, there is always art. Oftentimes, people feel that what is
considered artistic are only those which have been made long time ago, this is a;
Misconception:
Age is not a factor in determining art. An "…art is not good because it is old, but old because it is
good" .
-(Dudley et al., 1960).
In the Philippines, the works of Jose Rizal and Francisco Balagtas are not being read because
they are old.
Florante at Lạura - Never fails to teach high school students the beauty of love, one that is universal
and pure.
Ibong Adarna -another Filipino masterpiece, has always captured the imagination of the young with
its timeless lessons.
The pieces mentioned are read in school and have remained to be with us because they are
good. They are liked and adored because they meet our needs and desires.
ART IS NOT NATURE
PAUL CÉZANNE - a French painter, painted a scene from reality entitled Well and Grinding Wheel in
the Forest of the Château Noir. The said scene is inspired by a real scene in a forest around the
Château Noir area near Aix in Cézanne's native Provence. Comparing the two, one can see that
Cézanne's landscape is quite different from the original scene. Cézanne has changed some patterns
and details from the way they were actually in the photograph. What he did is not nature. It is art.
-One important CHARACTERISTIC OF ART is that it is not nature.
-Art is man's expression of his reception of nature.
-Art is man's way of interpreting nature. Art is not nature. Art is made by man, whereas nature is a
given around us. It is in this juncture that they can be considered opposites. What we find in nature
should not be expected to be present in art too. Movies are not meant to be direct representation of
reality. They may, according to the moviemaker's perception of reality, be a reinterpretation or even
distortion of nature.
This distinction assumes that all of us see nature, perceive its elements in myriad, different, yet
ultimately valid ways.
Art is like each of these men's view of the elephant. It is based on an individual's subjective
experience of nature/It is not meant, after all, to accurately define what the elephant is really like in
nature.
Artists are not expected to duplicate nature just as even scientists with their elaborate laboratories
cannot make nature.

ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE

-Art is just experience. By experience, we mean the "actual doing of something".
(Dudley et al., 1960).
-When one says that he has an experience of something, he often means that he knows what that
something is about.
-A work of art then cannot be abstracted from actual doing. In order to know what an artwork is, we
have to sense it, see or hear it, and see AND hear it
-An important aspect of experiencing art is its being highly personal, individual, and subjective.
-In philosophical terms, perception of art is always a value judgment. It depends on who the
perceiver is, his tastes, his biases. and what he has inside him.
Degustibus non disputandum est - (Matters of taste are not matters of dispute). One cannot argue
with another person's evaluation of art because one's experience can never be known by another.
HUMANITIES AND THE ART - have always been part of man's growth and civilization. Since the
dawn of time, man has always tried to express his innermost thoughts and feelings about reality
through creating art.
THREE ASSUMPTIONS ON ART ARE;
1.Its universality.
2. its not being nature, and;
3. its need for experience.
- Art is present in every part of the globe and in every period time.
ART APPRECIATION, CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION, AND EXPRESSION.
(LESSON 2)

-This allows individual to explore their own unique perspectives and emotions through various forms
of art.

Art
-Is a product of man’s creativity, imagination, and expression. No matter how perfectly blended the
colors of a sunset are and no matter how extra ordinary formed mountains are, nature is not
considered art simply because it is not made by man, not of art, but mere recordings of the beauty of
nature, though captured or drawn by man, are works of art, but mere these are mere recordings of the
beauty of the nature.( Collins & Riley, 1931).

THE REALM OF THE EXTRAORDINARY ART.

ARTS
-Refers to a broad range of human activities and creations that involve:

- The expression of imagination, creativity, skill, and emotion, often in visual or auditory forms.
-This can include painting, sculpture, drawing, photography, music, dance, theater, literature,
film, and other forms of creative expression.
-Arts can be both functional and aesthetic, serving practical purposes as well as providing
enjoyment and cultural enrichment.

JEAN PAUL SARTRE OF THE 20TH CENTURY

-A famous French philosopher, who described the role of art as a creative work that depicts the
world in a completely, different light, and perspective, and the source is due to human
freedom.
- Appreciating art allows people to deeply understand the purpose of an artwork and recognized the
beauty it possesses.

THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART MAKING

Creativity - makes the art unique from another art. In art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork
from another.

A creative artist - does not simply copy or imitate another's artwork, he does not imitate the lines,
flaws, colors, and patter but instead he is putting his own flavor to the work.

-Being creative nowadays can be very challenging, it will seem that your thoughts can
coincidentally devised from someone’s work from another part of the world.

ART AS A PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION, IMAGINATION AS A PRODUCT OF ART.

Where do ideas in making creative solutions begin?

-Imagination. Every art begins in imagination of the creator.

ALBERT EINSTEIN
-He demonstrated that knowledge is actually derived from imagination.“Imagination is more
important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we know and understand, while
imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand.”

-Imagination is not constricted by the walls of norm but goes beyond that is why people rely on
curiosity and imagination more on reality.
-One is able to craft something bold, something new, and something better in hope of creating
something that will stimulate change. Imagination allows endless possibilities.

“In an artist mind, sits a vast gallery artworks, an artwork does not need to be a real thing, but
can be something that is imaginary.” (Collingwood, 1928)
However, imaginary doesn’t necessarily mean it cannot be called art. Imagination produces art, and
art also inspires imagination.

ART AS EXPRESSION

“Trying to release yourself from the tormenting and disabling state by doing something is
what we called, expressing one self.”
-Collingwood (1938).

ROBIN GEORGE COLLINGWOOD

- An English philosopher who is best known for his work aesthetic, explicated in his publication The
Principles of Art (1938) that what an artist does to an emotion is not induce it, but express it.

-The expression of emotion is a mere description and not referring to a certain emotion.
-Expression, on the other hand, individualizes.
-An artist has freedom to express himself the way he wants to, but there is no certain technique in
expression.

-Creative expression: Sometimes, artists use their art as a form of creative expression that may not
necessarily reflect their personal experiences or emotions. They may be more interested in exploring
abstract concepts, experimenting with different styles and techniques, or simply creating something
beautiful.

-Separation of art and life: Some artists prefer to keep their personal life separate from their art.
They may view their art as a separate entity that exists on its own, rather than a direct reflection of
their inner thoughts and feelings.

-The reasons why an artist's work may not be a direct reflection of what is outside or internal for them
will vary depending on the individual and their unique creative process.

VISUAL FILMS

-This creation fall under the category to appeal the sense of sight and visual in nature. Artist produce
visual arts driven by their desire to reproduce things that they have seen in the way that they
perceived.
(Collins & Riley, 1931).

VISUAL ARTS is the kind of art form from the population that is likely more expressed but it’s
variations are so diverse – they range from sculptures, paintings, drawings, letterings, printing,
digital imaging, and more.

PERFORMANCE ART

-This is a live art and the artist medium is mainly human body which he or she uses to perform, but
also employs other kind of art such as visual, art, props, or sound.

4 (FOUR) ELEMENTS;
1. Time
2. Where the performance took place
3. The performers or performers body, and the;
4. Relationship between the audience and the performer(s), (Moma Learning, n.d.).

POETRY PERFORMANCE
-An art form expressing emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or camera but through words. These
words are chosen carefully to exhibit clarity and beauty to stimulate the intensity of emotions.
- This words, combined with movements, tone, volume, and intensity of the delivery adds artistic value
to the poem.

ARCHITECTURE
-These forms of art-make beautiful buildings, but not all buildings are beautiful.
-Some buildings embody the functionality they only need, but the structure, lines, form, are not
beautifully expressed.
- Buildings shall embody these three important elements:
1. PLAN
2. CONSTRUCTION AND;
3. DESIGN IF THEY WISH TO MERIT THE TITLE OF ARCHITECTURE (Collins & riley, 1931).

DANCE
-Form of arts with series of movements that flows to the rhythm of the music. It was long-debated if
dance is an art form or not but then dancing is also an art of expression.

-Dance has no rules, a choreography may not allow this but in art of expression, dancers are not
confined to set steps or rules but are free to create and invent their own movements as long as they
deemed them graceful and beautiful.

LITERARY ARTS
-Art form that uses words-not paint. Simply becoming a writer does not make one a literary artist,
simply constructing a succession of sentence in meaningful manner is not literary art.
-Literary art goes beyond the usual, professional, academic, journalistic, and other technical form of
writing.
- This focuses on unique writing styles just like The little prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupery and
Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare.

THEATRE
-Art form that uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live audience.
This
usually follows a script, though this is not the same as literary arts but more like of filmmaking.
-Similar of performance art, the participation of the viewer is an important element in theatre including
the drama, musical, tragedy, comedy, and improvisation.

APPLIED ARTS
-This form of art incorporates elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim of
increasing their aesthetical value. Applied is often compared with fine arts, where the latter is chiefly
concerned on aesthetic value.

“Artist in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into many things that are useful in everyday life”
- ( Collins & Riley, 1931).

LESSON 3
FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ART

Aristotle
-Claimed that every particular substance in the world has an end, or “ TELOS” (PURPOSE).
-Every substance defined as a formed, moves according to a fixed path towards its aim.

“TELOS”- is intricately linked with function. For a thing to reach its purpose, it also has to fulfill its
function.
-The TELOS and function of a thing are both related to a thing' s identity.

FUNCTIONS OF ART
-When it comes to function, different art forms come with distinctive functions. There is no one-to-one
correspondence between an art and its function. Some art forms are more functional than others.
ARCHITECTURE
- is highly functional just like most applied arts. A building as a work of art is obviously made for a
specific purpose.

THE TAJ MAHAL

-a massive mausoleum of white marble built in Agra was constructed in memory of the favorite wife of
the then emperor, Shah Jahan.

PAINTING AND LITERATURE

-Forms of art that have the least to do with purely practical values.
Functions of art are classified into three:

1.Personal
-public display or expression.
-are varied and highly subjective. This means that its functions depend on the person-the artist who
created the art.

2.Social
-celebration or to affect collective behavior.
-when it addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is a
very common example of an art with a social function.

3. Physical
-utilitarian.
-the easiest to spot and understand. The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are
crafted in order to serve some physical purpose.

OTHER FORMS OF FUNCTIONAL ART ;

Music
-used for dance and religion. Unlike today, when one can just listen to music for the sake of music ' s
sake, the ancient world saw music only as an instrument to facilitate worship and invocation to gods.

Sculpture
-Just like music, from the early days of humanity, sculptures have been made by man most
particularly for religion. Sculptures are also made to commemorate historical figures whether in
statues or in coins.

Architecture
-Unlike other forms of art, architecture might be the most prominent functional art form. In pots,
furniture, poetry, or even paintings, buildings take so much time to erect and destroy.

Does art have to be functional?

- The value of a work of art does not depend on function but on the work itself. Despite these,
efficiency cannot be mistaken as beauty. Art demands so much more than mere efficiency.

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPEECTIVE ON ART

1. ART AS AN IMITATION

-PLATO
In his metaphysics or view of reality, the things in this world are only copies of the original,
the eternal, and the true entities that can only be found in the World of Forms.

-For example, the chair that one sits on is not a real chair. It is an imperfect copy of the
perfect " chair " in the World of Forms. Plato was convinced that artists merely reinforce the
belief in copies and discourage men to reach for the real entities in the World of Forms.
2. ART AS A REPRESENTATION

-ARISTOTLE
Plato’s most important student in philosophy, agreed with his teacher that art is a form of
imitation. However, in contrast to disgust that his master holds for art, Aristotle considered art
as an aid to philosophy in revealing truth.

- For Aristotle, all kinds of art, including poetry, music, dance, painting, and sculpture, do not
aim to represent reality as it is. What art endeavors to do is to provide a vision of what might
be or the myriad possibilities in reality.

-In Aristotelian world worldview, art serves two particular purposes:

FIRST.
Art allows for the experience of pleasure. Experiences that are otherwise repugnant can
become entertaining in art.

SECOND.
Art is also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things about life; thus, it is
cognitive as well.

3. ART AS A DISINTERESTED JUDGMENT

Immanuel Kant
-Considered the judgment of beauty, the cornerstone of art, as something that can be
universal despite its subjectivity.

- It is the form of art that is adjudged by one who perceives art to be beautiful or more so,
sublime.

-He recognized that judgement of beauty is subjective. However, Kant advanced the
proposition that even subjective judgements are based on some universal criterion for the
said judgement.

-For him, when one judges a particular painting as beautiful, one in effect is saying that the
said painting has induced a particular feeling of satisfaction from him and that he expects the
painting to rouse the same feeling from anyone.

- He added that, every human being , after perception and the free play of his faculties,
should recognize the beauty that is inherent in a work of art.

4. ART AS A COMMUNICATION OF EMOTION

Leo Tolstoy
-Art serves as a language, a communication device that articulates feelings and emotions
that are otherwise unavailable to the audience.

-Art plays a huge role in communication to it' s audience ' s emotions that the artist
previously experienced. In the same that language communicates information to other people,
art communicates emotions.

-As a purveyor of man ' s innermost feelings and thoughts, art is given a unique
opportunity to serve as a mechanism for social unity.

-Art is central to man ' s existence because it makes accessible feelings and emotions of
people from the past and present.
ELEMENTS OF AN ART WORK
LESSON 4

KINDS OF SUBJECT IN AN ART

EXAMPLES OF NON-REPRESENTATIONAL
ART

ABSTRACT ART
Abstract art is a type of art that does not depict things from the visible world. Instead, it uses forms
and colours to create visual effects and meanings. Abstract art is also called non-objective art or
nonrepresentational art because it does not represent any specific object or scene.
KINDS AND SOURCES OF SUBJECT
-The subject of art is the matter to be described or as we have discussed in the previous lesson, it is
the matter to be represented by the artist. The subject in art is the essence of the piece. It may be
what is depicted in the work of art or what the artist may be trying to convey the world.
-Everything in the environment can be a source of a subject – what the artist sees, feel, and hear can
be used as one’s source of subject. In general, the kinds and sources of a subject can be categorized
into seven.
KINDS
• Refers to the different types or categories of subjects in art. It is a way of organizing and classifying
the subject matter based on common characteristics or themes.
The seven kinds of subjects mentioned earlier;
(portrait, landscape, still life, genre, history, abstract, and symbolic) are examples of how art subjects
can be categorized into different kinds.
Still Life
• Still life art depicts inanimate objects, such as fruits, flowers, or everyday objects. It explores
composition, lighting, and texture to create visually appealing arrangements.
Landscapes, Cityscapes, and Seascapes
- are artworks whose primary focus is the natural scenery such as the mountains, valleys, rivers, and
skyscrapers.
Animals
- have been represented by artists from almost every age and place. It can also be said that the
earliest known paintings are representations of animals on the walls and caves.
• A portrait
- is a realistic likeness of a person whether in sculpture, painting, drawing, or print. It need not be
photographic in likeness but is a selective process of highlighting and emphasizing certain features.
Portraits depict individuals, capturing their likeness, personality, or mood. They can be realistic or
abstract, and can include self -portraits or portraits of others.
Genre
- art portrays scenes from everyday life, often depicting ordinary people engaged in common
activities. It can include domestic scenes, street scenes, or historical events.
History art
- depicts significant historical events, battles, or important figures. It aims to document or
commemorate important moments in history.
Symbolic art
- uses symbols, signs, or imagery to convey deeper meanings or concepts. It often relies on
metaphorical or allegorical representations.
SOURCES
-in the context of art subjects refers to the origins or inspirations for the subject matter in artworks.
-It refers to the various places or things from which artists draw inspiration to create their works.
- Sources can include nature, the human figure, mythology and religion, history and culture, personal
experience, literature and poetry, social and political issues, and more.
- These sources provide artists with ideas, themes, narratives, or visual references that they
incorporate into their artwork.
NATURE
-Artists often find inspiration in the natural world, such as landscapes, animals, plants, or natural
phenomena. Nature can provide a rich source of beauty, symbolism, and emotional connection.
Human figure
- has been a prominent subject in art throughout history. Artists explore the human form, expressions,
emotions, and the complexities of the human condition.
MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION
-Mythological and religious stories, figures, and symbols have been depicted in art for centuries. They
provide artists with narratives, moral lessons, and spiritual themes to explore.
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
-Artists often draw inspiration from their own lives, emotions, and personal experiences. They may
use art as a means of self expression, introspection, or catharsis.
LITERATURE AND POETRY
-Literary works, poems, and written narratives can inspire visual interpretations in art. Artists may
depict scenes, characters, or themes from literature to bring them to life visually.
HISTORY AND CULTURE
-Historical events, cultural traditions, and societal issues can serve as subjects in art. Artists may
depict significant moments, cultural practices, or social commentary through their work.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES
-Art has long been used as a platform for social and political commentary. Artists may address issues
such as inequality, injustice, human rights, or environmental concerns through their work.

ARTIST AND ARTISAN

Artist- is person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing and demonstrating art .
-An artist is dedicated only to the creative side, making visually pleasing work only for -enjoyment of
the viewer, but with no functional value.
-An Artist is a person who creates art for expression of emotions and creativity, or for a commercial
purpose.
Artisan-is a person who practices a trade or handicrafts.
-Artisan is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art,practicing and demonstrating art.
-An Artisan is a person who creates functional or decorative items by hand, often using traditional
techniques.
Early on, artists were embedded in the development of culture, and in turn, art was nurtured by the
varying culture in which it existed. There are numerous monuments and memorials that are plotted
over the world such as;
-The Stonehenge
-Pyramids of Giza
-Vietnam Veteran (Memorial in Washington DC)
THE ARTISANS AND THE GUILD
-A guild (/gild/ GILD) - is an association of artisans and merchant who oversee the practice of their
craft/trade in a particular territory.
-An artisan-is a skilled worker who makes the things by hand.
-Museums are packed with numerous artifacts and interesting objects from all over the world that
have survived centuries for us all to see. Magnificent structures that are often appreciated not only for
their historical significance but more so for their aesthetic characteristics.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURES
- a style of masonry building characterized by the cavernous spaces with the expanse of walls broken
up by overlaid tracery.
Example of Gothic Architectures;
Cologne Cathedral
-in Germany, it is one of the many examples of early Gothic architecture
-the tallest twin-spired church in the world, said to have been used as an easily recognizable
navigational landmark.
Master Mason Gerhard Ryle - he started the project in 1248 but was completed roughly 600 years
later, claiming the record as one of the longest construction projects to date.
GOTHIC CATHEDRAL
-are religious buildings created in Europe between the mid-12th century and the beginning of the 16th
century. The cathedrals are notable particularly for their great height and their extensive use of
stained glass to fill the interiors with light.
GOTHIC CATHEDRAL CHARACTERISTICS
-GRAND, TALL DESIGNS, WHICH SWEPT UPWARDS WITH HEIGHT AND GRACE
-THE FLYING BUTTRESS
-THE POINTED ARCH
-THE VAULTED CEILING
-LIGHT AIRY INTERIORS
-THE GARGOYLES OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
-AN EMPHASIS ON DECORATION AND THE ORNATE

-This guild was prevalent during the Middle Ages particularly during the thirteenth to fifteenth century,
where towns had formalized groups of artisans or craftsmen who too on a particular specialization or
trade.
THE ARTIST AND HIS STUDIO
STUDIO
-the site that saw this shift that was a very personal space for the artist himself.
-this can be for the purpose of anything related to art.
-an art studio is sometimes called an atelier.
-THE BOTTEGA AND THE STUDIOLO
BOTTEGA- where the work usually happened.
STUDIOLO -meant a kind of a study, a room for contemplation which was separated from the rest.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
-Apprentices studied under masters.
-In France, on the other hand, academies and art salons became popular as they did not only
support the production of art but also the discourse around them.
-At a time of the industrial revolution in the 1800s, they encountered innovations in their artistry
whereas those of the past centuries had to make their own paint composed of a variety of ingredients.
-Artist began to question the merits of stringent artistic training and education.

THE PARIS SALON

-The Salon was the official art exhibition of the Academie des
-Beaux-Arts in Paris.
-first held in 1667
-it moved to the Salon Carre in the Louvre from 1725 after it which became known as the Salon de
Paris.
- the only major art show in France
-Rise of the Salon in 1820
-An uproar occurred in 1863, following the rejections by the Salon
-Jury Salon des Refuses (Exhibition of Rejects).

PLAYERS IN THE WORLD OF ART

The Art Worlds of Howard's S. Becker's
-asserted that all artistic work like human activity, involves the joint activity of a number or a large
number of people.
ARTIST
-a person who creates art (such as painting, sculpture, music, or writing using conscious skill and
creative imagination).

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION IN MUSEUM

DIRECTORS - art directors typically oversee the work of other designers and artists who produce
images for television, film, live performances, advertisements, or video games. They determine the
overall style in which a message is communicated visually to its audience. For each project, they
articulate their vision to artists.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR -assistant art director, their duties include coordinating visual projects,
managing Junior staff members, disbursing budget, overseeing art department activities, and
completing any other tasks assigned by the art director.
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION IN MUSEUM
Curator/Managing Curator -a person in charge of a department of a museum or other place where
objects of art, science, or from the past are collected, or a person who organizes and arranges a
showing of art or other objects of interest.
Institutional Curators -are typically affiliated with museum and galleries.
• Independent or Freelance Curators- have the leeway to move around various projects, platforms,
and art spaces, and multiplicity of term.
BUYERS - are those who initially assessed and survey the artwork that collectors are interested in. It
is the role to oversee the sale of the artwork.
COLLECTORS -a collector who has established himself as someone who not only appreciates art but
knows art, understand its behavior and patterns, becoming a key player in making or breaking an
artist career or shaping the chords of museum collection (through pledges of support and donation).
DEALERS -are those whose direct hand is in the distribution and circulation of the artworks through a
variety of means, such as direct sales, through galleries, and the more recent player in the
Philippines, auction houses.
MUSEUM- is a public and non-commercial institution curating an exhibition program for cultural and
educational purposes. The predominant role is that museum are mandated to fulfill the display of
artworks for education of public and appreciation of the subject only.
GALLERY -is a private and commercial enterprise curating exhibitions with its portfolio of artists while
selling the exhibited artworks.
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE
Medium - is the mode of expression in which the concepts, idea or message is conveyed.
- It may be concrete or tangible, such as paintings, sculptures, monuments and structures; or it may
be ephemeral or something. transient, such as a track (recording of a sound), a film, or a
performance. For concrete works, the objects physically manifest themselves for a lasting period. For
ephemeral works, on the other hand, it is durational.
-A chosen medium must not be expected to yield the same results. Giving two different artists the
same exact material and the general qualifier of "painting", the end product will still vary minimally or
in an exponential scale.
-This is where TECHNIQUE comes in, as it is the reason why art history is described by a seemingly
limitless example of works of art.
-TECHNIQUE of the artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium being manipulated.
-It alludes to the necessity of additional tools or implements (e.g. hammer and chisel may come in
handy for sculptors), or consideration of time (eg. for paintings, it requires drying time), and the
specificity of the site of creation (e.g. Indoor or outdoor production requirements).
ENGAGEMENT WITH ART
"Exhibitions act as the catalyst of art and ideas to the public; they represent a way of displaying
andcontextualizing art that makes it relevant and accessible to contemporary audiences. The art
exhibition, by its nature, holds a mirror up to society, reflecting its interests and concerns while at the
same time challenging its ideologies and preconceptions. Keeping art relevant to society and to a
diverse audience at any given point in history is one of the main goals of the art exhibition and one of
the reasons it is so important to the history of art. Anna Cline's The Evolving Role of the Exhibition and
Its Impact on Art and Culture (2012).
OTHER OPPORTUNITIES FOR ART ENGAGEMENT
-Classrooms (instruction)
-Studio visits; lectures, workshops, and other events that augment the exhibitions (programs);
auction sale.
-Art fairs, biennials and triennials; and other larger showings of not only artworks but also
where art personalities can flex their influence and authority.
AWARDS AND CITATIONS
-ORDER OF THE NATIONAL ARTIST OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND GAWAD SA MANLILIKHANG
BAYAN (GAMABA)
ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST OF THE PHILIPPINES
1. Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining
2. Considered to be the highest national recognition for individuals who contributed to the
development of Philippine arts.
3. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP) together administer this award.
4. The President of the Philippines grants this award to an artist after both institutions give
5. This began in 1972 when Presidential Proclamation no. 1001, s. 1972 was enacted to
recognize Filipino who made exceptional contributions to Philippine arts and letters. Painter
Fernando Amorsolo (b. 1892, d. 1972) was awarded the same year, making him the first
National Artist to receive this award that year.
6. at present, there are 66 awardees of this prestigious honor.
SOME OF THE HONORS AND PRIVILEGES THAT A NATIONAL ARTIST AWARDEE
RECEIVES ARE THE FOLLOWING:
1. the rank and title
2. a medallion or insignia and a citation
3. cash awards and a host of benefits
4. state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani (Heroes' Cemetery)
5. a place of honor or designated area during national state functions, along with recognition or
acknowledgement at cultural events.
NATIONAL LIVING TREASURE AWARD

1. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)

2. The Award was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7335 under the jurisdiction
of The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA)
3. A recipient of the award, a National Living Treasure or Mannlilikha ng Bayan is a Filipino
citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino
4. The distinctions were given by the organization until it was replaced by the GAMABA Law in
1992.
5. There are currently sixteen declared GAMABA awardees, all of which have exemplified the
highest standard in their respective field of expertise.

RECIPIENTS (GAMABA)
-Ginaw Bilog (d.2003), artist and poet, Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro Poetry (Ambahan), 1993
-Masino Intaray (d. 2013), musician and epic chanter, Brookes Point, Plawan, Poetry (Kulilaw and
Bagit)Music (Ba Basal/ Gong), 1993
-Samaon Sulaiman (d. 2011), Musician, Mama sa Pano, Maguindanao Music (Kutyapi), 1993
-INCENTIVES ACCORDED TO THE AWARDEE
1. a specially designed gold medallion
2. an initial grant of 100,000 pesos and a 10,000 pesos monthly stipend for life
3. maximum cumulative amount of 750,000 medical and hospitalization benefits;
4. and a funeral assistance or tribute fit for a National Living Treasure
HOW DOES ONE BECOME MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN?
The recipients of the GAMABA are sought under the qualification of a "Manlilikha ng Bayan" who
is a "citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills. have
reached such a high level of technical and artistic competence" (NCCA, 2015). This artists'
practice may fall under the following categories: folk, architecture, maritime transport, weaving,
carving, performing arts, literature, graphic, and plastic arts, ornament, textile or fiber, pottery and
other artistic expressions of traditional culture.