Ecology

test bank

Made by Dr. Baya

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 1

 ‫خطة الترم لدكتور بايا‬
‫مسموح بتداول ال ‪Test bank‬بين الطلبة‬
‫المشتركين والغير مشتركين لالستفادة لكن من‬
‫دون اخفاء اسم ‪Dr. baya education‬‬

‫‪Dr. Baya education‬‬ ‫‪Tel: 01009324965‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 3
 Content
More than 720 MCQs from different
resources
Part 1 LO12 224 QS + ITS ANSWER

Part 2 LO13 248 QS + ITS ANSWER

Part 3 LO14 248 QS + ITS ANSWER

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 4

PART 1

LO12
ITS ANSWER
*224 QS *

5
1) How does the foraging of animals on tree seeds affect the distribution and abundance of the trees?
A) would require an elaborate experimental design to answer.
B) is difficult to answer because a large experimental area would be required.
C) is difficult to answer because a long-term experiment would be required.
D) is a question that a present-day ecologist would be likely to ask.
E) A, B, C and D are correct.

2) Which of the following statements about ecology is incorrect?

A) Ecologists may study populations and communities of organisms.
B) Ecological studies may involve the use of models and computers.
C) Ecology is a discipline that is independent from natural selection and evolutionary history.
D) Ecology spans increasingly comprehensive levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems.
E) Ecology is the study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment

3) Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive?
A) community, ecosystem, individual, population
B) ecosystem, community, population, individual
C) population, ecosystem, individual, community
D) individual, population, community, ecosystem
E) individual, community, population, ecosystem

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 6

4) Ecology as a discipline directly deals with all of the following levels of biological organization except
A) population.
B) cellular.
C) organismal.
D) ecosystem.
E) Community

5) You are working for the Environmental Protection Agency and researching the effect of a potentially toxic chemical in drinking
water. There is no documented scientific evidence showing that the chemical is toxic, but many suspect it to be a health hazard.
Using the precautionary principle, what would be a reasonable environmental policy?
A) Establish no regulations until there are conclusive scientific studies.
B) Set the acceptable levels of the chemical conservatively low, and keep them there unless future studies show that they can be
safely raised.
C) Set the acceptable levels at the highest levels encountered, and keep them there unless future studies demonstrate negative
health effects.
D) Caution individuals to use their own judgment in deciding whether to drink water from a potentially contaminated area.
E) Establish a contingency fund to handle insurance claims in the event that the chemical turns out to produce negative health
effects.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 7

6)Which of the following statements best describes the difference in approach to studying the environment by early naturalists
compared to present-day ecologists?
A) Early naturalists employed a descriptive approach; present-day ecologists generate hypotheses, design experiments, and draw
conclusions from their observations.
B) Early naturalists manipulated the environment and observed changes in plant and animal populations, while modern ecology
focuses on population dynamics.
C) Early naturalists systematically recorded what they observed in their environment; modern ecology is only concerned with
manʹs impact on the environment.
D) Early naturalists were interested with manʹs interaction with the natural world; present-day ecologists seek to link ecology to
developmental biology.
E) Early naturalists were interested in interactions between organisms and their environment; present day ecologists are
interested in interactions between organisms.

7) Which statement best contrasts environmentalism with ecology?

A) Ecology is the study of the environment; environmentalism is the study of ecology.
B) Ecology provides scientific understanding of living things and their environment; environmentalism is more about conservation
and preservation of life on Earth.
C) Environmentalists are only involved in politics and advocating for protecting nature; ecologists are only involved in scientific
investigations of the environment.
D) Ecologists study organisms in environments that have been undisturbed by human activities; environmentalists study the
effects of human activities on
organisms.
E) Environmentalism is devoted to applied ecological science; ecology is concerned with basic/theoretical ecological science
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 8
8) Of the following examples of ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect (→), which is most correct?
A) When seeds are not plentiful → trees produce more seeds.
B) A few organisms of a larger population survive a drought → these survivors then emigrate to less arid environments.
C) A few individuals with denser fur survive the coldest days of an ice age → the reproducing survivors all have long fur.
D) Fish that swim the fastest in running water → catch the most prey and more easily escape predation.
E) The insects that spend the most time exposed to sunlight → have the most mutations.

9) Rachel Carson would most likely have endorsed which of the following statements?
A) Conserving wildness will lead to the preservation of the Earth.
B) The greatest liberty humans have taken is with nature.
C) Humans have dominion over the Earth and all of its inhabitants.
D) All pesticides are unsafe and must be banned.
E) The environment can repair damage created by human activity.

10) Landscape ecology is best described as the study of

A) the flow of energy and materials between the biotic and abiotic components of
an ecosystem.
B) how the structure and function of species enable them to meet the challenges of
their environment. C) what factors affect the structure and size of a population over
time.
D) the interactions between the different species that inhabit and ecosystem.
E) the factors controlling the exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms among
ecosystem patches.
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 9
11) Studying species transplants is a way that ecologists
A) determine the abundance of a species in a specified area.
B) determine the distribution of a species in a specified area.
C) develop mathematical models for distribution and abundance of organisms.
D) determine if dispersal is a key factor in limiting distribution of organisms.
E) consolidate a landscape region into a single ecosystem

12) Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities?
A) precipitation, wind
B) nutrient availability, soil pH
C) predation, competition
D) temperature, water
E) light intensity, seasonality

13) Which of the following abiotic factors has the greatest influence on the metabolic rates of plants and animals?
A) water
B) wind
C) temperature
D) rocks and soil
E) disturbances

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 10

14) Which of the following statements about light in aquatic environments is correct?
A) Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light.
B) Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably use red light.
C) Longer wavelengths penetrate to greater depths.
D) Light penetration seldom limits the distribution of photosynthetic species.
E) Most photosynthetic organisms avoid the surface where the light is not too intense.

15) In mountainous areas of western North America, north-facing slopes would be expected to
A) receive more sunlight than similar southern exposures
B) be warmer and drier than comparable southern exposed slopes
C) consistently steeper than southern exposures
D) support biological communities similar to those found lower elevations on similar south-facing slopes.
E) support biological communities similar to those found at higher elevations on similar south-facing slopes.

16) Coral reefs can be found on the southern east coast of the United States but not at similar latitudes on the southern west
coast. Differences in which of the following most likely account for this?
A) sunlight intensity
B) precipitation
C) day length
D) ocean currents
E) Salinity

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 11

17) Deserts typically occur in a band at 30 degrees north and south latitude because
A) descending air masses tend to be cool and dry.
B) trade winds have a little moisture.
C) water is heavier than air and is not carried far over land.
D) ascending air tends to be moist.
E) these locations get the most intense solar radiation of any location on Earth

18) Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made
possible by which of the following?
A) warm, less dense water layered at the top
B) cold, more dense water layered at the bottom
C) a distinct thermocline between less dense warm water and cold, dense water.
D) the density of water changes as seasonal temperatures change.
E) currents generated by nektonic animals

19) In temperate lakes, the surface water is replenished with nutrients during
turnovers that occur in the
A) autumn and spring.
B) autumn and winter.
C) spring and summer.
D) summer and winter.
E) summer and autumn

20) Which of the following is responsible for the summer and winter stratification
of deep temperate lakes?
A) Water is densest at 4°C.
B) Oxygen is most abundant in deeper waters.
C) Winter ice sinks in the summer.
D) Stratification is caused by a thermocline.
E) Stratification always follows the fall and spring turnovers.
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 12
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 13
1) Many homeowners mow their lawns during the summer and collect the clippings, which are then hauled to the local landfill.
Which of the following actions would most benefit the local ecosystem?
A) Allow sheep to graze the lawn and then collect the sheep’s feces to be delivered to the landfill.
B) Collect the lawn clippings and burn them.
C) Either collect the clippings and add them to a compost pile, or donʹt collect the clippings and let them decompose into the
lawn.
D) Collect the clippings and wash them into the nearest storm sewer that feeds into the local lake.
E) Dig up the lawn and cover the yard with asphalt.

2) What is the most important role of photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem?

A) converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds
B) absorbing solar radiation
C) producing organic detritus for decomposers
D) dissipating heat
E) recycling energy from other tropic levels

3) Ecosystems are
A) processors of energy and transformers of matter.
B) processors of matter and transformers of energy.
C) processors of matter and energy.
D) transformers of matter but not of energy.
E) neither transformers or processors of matter nor energy.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 14

4) Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?
A) All of the brook trout in a 500 hectare2 river drainage system.
B) The plants, animals, and decomposers that inhabit an alpine meadow.
C) A pond and all of the plant and animal species that live in it.
D) The intricate interactions of the various plant and animal species on a savanna during a drought.
E) Interactions between all of the organisms and their physical environment in a tropical rain forest

5) If the Sun were to suddenly stop providing energy to Earth, most ecosystems would vanish. Which of the following ecosystems
would likely survive the longest after this hypothetical disaster?
A) tropical rainforest
B) tundra
C) benthic ocean
D) grassland
E) Desert

6) Which of the following is true of detrivores?

A) They recycle chemical elements directly back to primary consumers.
B) They synthesize organic molecules that are used by primary producers.
C) They convert organic materials from all trophic levels to inorganic compounds usable by primary producers.
D) They secrete enzymes that convert the organic molecules of detritus into CO2 and H2O.
E) Some species are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 15

7) Suppose you are studying the nitrogen cycling in a pond ecosystem over the course of a year. While you are collecting data, a
flock of 100 Canada geese lands and spends the night during a fall migration. What could you do to eliminate error
in your study as a result of this event?

A) Find out how much nitrogen is consumed in plant material by a Canada goose over about a 12-hour period and multiply this
number by 100 and add to the total nitrogen in the ecosystem.
B) Find out how much nitrogen is eliminated by a Canada goose over about a 12-hour period and multiply this number by 100
and subtract from the total nitrogen in the ecosystem.
C) Find out how much nitrogen is consumed and eliminated by a Canada goose over about a 12-hour period and multiply this
number by 100; enter this +/-value into the nitrogen budget of the ecosystem.
D) Do nothing. The Canada geese visitation to the lake would have negligible impact on the nitrogen budget of the pond.
E) Put a net over the pond so that no more migrating flocks can land on the pond and alter the nitrogen balance of the pond

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 16

1) Study the food web in the diagram given below. The missing organism in this food web of a forest could be a:
A) Deer
B)Hawk
C) Pine tree
D) Wildflower

2) Study the food web given and answer the question. Which of the following organisms in the given food web act both as a
predator and a prey?
A) I, II and IV
B) II, III and IV
C) II, III, V, VI and VII
D) II, III and VI

3) Identify the likely organisms (I), (II), (III), and (IV) in the food web
A) I - Deer, II - Rabbit, III - Frog, IV - Mouse
B) I - Dog, II - Squirrel, III - Bat, IV - Deer
C) I - Rat, II - Dog, III - Tortoise, IV - Crow
D) I - Squirrel, II - Cat, III - Rat, IV – Pigeon

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 17

4) This is a typical food web in a pond. ................. in this food web are in direct competition.
A) Bass and minnows
B) Minnows and sunfish
C) Frogs and sunfish
D) Bass and algae
E) Frogs and algae

5) Make up a food chain:

Frog, Eagle, Worm, Snake, Grass.
A) Grass-> Worm-> Frog-> Snake-> Eagle
B) Grass-> Worm-> Eagle-> Frog-> Snake
C) Grass-> Worm-> Frog-> Eagle-> Snake
D) Grass-> Worm-> Snake-> Eagle-> Frog

6) The given diagram shows the pyramid of energy at each trophic level. Choose
the correct statement for the energy flow in the given pyramid.
A) Energy is passed up the pyramid with the least energy at the top.
B) Energy is passed up the pyramid with the most energy at the top.
C) Energy is passed down the pyramid with the most energy at the top.
D) Energy is passed down the pyramid with the most energy at the bottom.
E) Energy is a constant in the pyramid.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 18

7) The flow of energy is unidirectional in a pyramid.
A) True
B) False

8) In an ecosystem :
(i) the flow of energy is unidirectional
(ii) the flow of materials is unidirectional
(iii) the flow of materials is cyclic
(iv) the flow of energy is cyclic.
A) (i) and (ii)
B) (ii) and (iii)
C) (i) and (iv)
D) (i) and (iii)

9) Which one belongs to the level of primary consumers?

A) Fishes
B) Eagles
C) Cattle and insects
D) Snakes and frogs

10) Which one function as primary organizer in frog?

A) Dorsal tip of gastrula
B) Grey crescent
C) Chordamesoderm of gastrula Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 19
D) Any of the above
11) On a daily basis, our food consists of cereals, pulses, vegetable and fruits. Why do we consume different variety of food
material?
A) It gives balanced taste to the food we consume.
B) Not all food material possess the right amount of carbohydrate, proteins and fat.
C) It makes the food more digestible.
D) It is cheaper to mix food stuff than go for a single food type.

12) Ecosystem diversity deals with the variation in ecosystems within a geographical location.
A) Biomass
B) Community productivity

13) Biodiversity includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
A) True
B) False

14) Consider the following statements with regard to measurement of biodiversity: Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
A) 3 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1, 2 and 3
D) 1 only

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 20

15) Consider the following pairs:
1. Alpha Diversity: Number of species in an ecosystem.
2. Beta DIversity : Amount of species change between ecosystems.
3. Gamma Diversity: Overall diversity within a large region
Which of the above is/are correctly matched?
A) 1 and 3 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1,2 and 3

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 21

1)Which of the following can be considered under Ecological Diversity?
a) Deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands.
b) Alpine Meadows
c) Estuaries
d) All of these
ANS: D

2)which or the following is true for the species Diversity?

a) Western Ghats have a greater fish diversity than the Eastern Ghats
b) Western Ghats have a greater amphibian diversity than the Eastern Ghats
c) Western Ghats have lower amphibian diversity than the Eastern Ghats
d) Western Ghats have lower fish diversity than the Eastern Ghats
ANS: B

3)Species Diversity
a) Diversity at the level of species
b) Diversity at the level of genes within species
c) Diversity at the level of ecosystem
d) Both 1 and 2
ANS: A

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 22

4)It has taken million of years of……….to accumulate this rich diversity in nature but we could lose all that wealth in……if the
present rates of species losses continue
a) Evolution, less than 100 years
b) Evolution, less than two centuries
c) Founders effect, less than two centuries
d) Founders effect, less than 100 years
ANS: B

5) the total number of plant and animal described so far is slightly more than 1.5 milion
this is reported by
a) IUCN-2004
b) IUN-2006
c) IUCN-2006
d) IUN-2004
ANS: A

6) For many taxonomic groups, species inventories are more complete in

a) Temperate countries
b) Tropical countries
c) Grasslands
d) Both b and c
ANS: A

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 23

7) according to the extreme estimate which say that there is 20 to 50 million global
species diversity is based on
a) species richness of insects
b) species richness of arthropods
c) species evenness of insects
d) species evenness of arthropods
ANS: A

8) the products of ecosystem processes are named as

a) environment service
b) ecosystem service
c) ecosystem products
d) ecosystem taxes
ANS: B

9) the waste products and the dead organisms are decomposed by………… releasing
phosphorus
a) parasitic bacteria
b) phosphate solubilizing bacteria
c) phosphate solubilizing fungi
d) acidic fossil
ANS: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 24

10) the standing crop is measured as the
a) mass of living organisms in a unit area
b) the number of living organisms in a unit area
c) calculated from the net primary productivity
d) both A and B
ANS: d

11) prokaryotes have not been estimated in terms of biodiversity. Which of the following
reasons does not hold true
a) conventional taxonomic methods are not suitable for identifying microbal species
b) many species are simply not culturable under laboratory conditions
c) lichens do not allow them to be assessed because of close association
d) both A and C
ANS: C

12) India has only……per cent of the world’s land area, it’s share of the global species
diversity is an impressive………. per cent
a) 2.4, 12
b) 2.4, 8.1
c) 8.1, 12
d) 8.1, 2.4
ANS: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 25

13) India is among 12 mega diverse countries of the world because
a) it bears 2.4 per cent area of the world’s land and has a share of 12 per cent of global
species diversity
b) it bears 2.4 per cent area of the world’s land and has a share of 8.1 per cent of the
global species diversity
c) it has several groups to protect environment which are not in other countries
d) government of India is aware of the loss of biodiversity but other governments not
ANS: B

14) india holds which of the following biodiversity data true?

a) 45000 species of plants
b) 50000 species of animals
c) 90000 species of plants
d) 45000 species of animals
ANS: A

15) which of the following is not a pattern of biodiversity

a) latitudinal gradients
b) species area relationship
c) fragmentation
d) both b and c
ANS: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 26

16) a wide variety of habitats within a biome can be a result of
a) regional variation of temperature and precipitation
b) local variation of temperature and precipitation
c) both A and B
d) natural seslction
ANS: C

17) aquatic organisms face problems when water quality gets disturbed. Here water
quality includes
a) chemical composition, temperature, pH
b) chemical composition, PH
c) only pH
d) pH and temperature
ANS: B

18) the salt concentration of water bodies is measured in

a) parts per thousands
b) parts per million
c) parts per billion
d) parts per hundreds
ANS: A

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 27

19) light as an abiotic factor is important
a) for photosynthesis and flowering only
b) foraging, reproductive and migratory activities of animals
c) A and B both
d) only for autotrophs
ANS: C

20) in aquatic habitats the type of benthic animals is determined by

a) the grain size of soil at the bottom
b) sediment characteristics
c) percolating properties of soil
d) topography of soil
ANS: B

21) When we talk about the constant internal environment of our body and of any
other animal's body we include
a) Optimal temperature
b) Osmotic concentration of body fluids
c) Environmental conditions affecting the internal system of organisms
d) Both A and B
ANS: d

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 28

22) secondary productivity is defined with respect to
a) producers
b) consumers
c) ratio of producers and consumers
d) trophic level
ANS: B

23) primary productivity of an terrestrial ecosystem depends upon

a) photosynthetic capacity of plants
b) a variety of environmental factors
c) availability of nutrients
d) all of the above
ANS: D

24) what is the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere
a) 160 billion tons
b) 170 billion tons
c) 177 billion tons
d) 190 billion tons
ANS: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 29

25) which of the following contribute the maximum to the net primary productivity?
A) ocean ecosystem
b) land ecosystem
c) pond ecosystem
d) man- made ecosystem
ANS: B

26) why do we call the earth worm as a farmer’s friend

a) it eats the pests
b) it prevents the growth of weeds
c) it makes the soil fertile by burrowing
d) it helps in the breakdown of the complex organic matter as well as in loosening of
the soil
ANS: D

27) which of the following is not a step in the process decomposition

a) fragmentation
b) leaching
c) anabolism
d) humification
ANS: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 30

28) which of the following statement is correct?
a) dead plants and animal remain including fecal matter, constitute detritus
b) detritus is the product of decomposition
c) breakdown of complex inorganic matter into organic substances CO2 and nutrients
is called as decomposition
d) decomposition is a single step process
ANS: A

29) what is the process by which detritivores break down the detritus into smaller
particles
a) degradation
b) decomposition
c) fragmentation
d) leaching
ANS: C

30) what does the process of leaching refers to

a) accumulation of a dark colored amorphous substance
b) organic solvents reabsorbed the plants
c) inorganic solvents get precipitated out of the soil
d) water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated
at unavailable salts
ANS: D
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 31
31) in the process of decomposition “catabolism” is performed by
a) earth worms
b) bacteria
c) bacteria and fungi
d) fungi
ANS: C

32) which are the primary consumers in a grazing food chain

a) carnivores
b) herbivores
c) detrivores
d) omnivores
ANS: B

33) what do secondary carnivores referred to

a) animals at second trophic level
b) those animals that depend on herbivores for food
c) those animals that depend on the primary carnivores for food
d) those animals that depend on the secondary herbivores for food
ANS: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 32

34) what is the major conduit for energy flow in an aquatic ecosystem
a) grazing food chain
b) detritus food chain
c) sun
d) hydrothermal vents
ANS: A

35) identify the odd one out

a) cockroach
b) crow
c) human
d) goat
ANS: D

36) what do you mean by food web

a) group of food chain
b) food chains present in a particular area
c) natural interconnection of food chains
d) food chains formed by members of genu
ANS: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 33

37) based on the source of organism’s nutrition or food, they occupy a specific place in
the food chain that is known as
a) strata
b) trophic level
c) sere
d) chain level
ANS: B

38) what do you mean by the standing crop

a) crop in a field at a given time
b) Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time.
c) Each trophic level has a certain mass of organic material at a particular time.
d) Top trophic level has a certain mass of organic material at a particular time.
ANS: B

39) which of the following statement is wrong about species diversity

a) more than 70 per cent of all species recorded are animals
b) algae and fungi comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total species diversity
c) plants include algae, fungi, bryophyte, gymnosperms and angiosperms comprise no
more than 22 per cent of the total species diversity
d) 70 per cent of the total animals come from insecta
ANS: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 34

40) which is the natural reservoir of phosphorus
a) ocean
b) fossils
c) rock
d) soil
ANS: C

41) Which of the following promotes the process of decomposition?

a) Warm and moist environment
b) low temperature
c) Anaerobiosis
d) Lignin and chitin rich detritus
ANS: A

42) Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a) Only three top-carnivores are supported in an ecosystem-based ion production of
nearly 6 million plants.
b) a Pyramid of biomass shows a sharp increase in biomass at higher trophic levels
c) Pyramid of biomass is inverted if small standing crop of phytoplankton supports
large standing crop or zooplankton.
d) Pyramid of energy is always upright
ANS: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 35

43)Primary carnivores are, most aptly, characterized as:
a) Secondary producers
b) Primary consumers
c) Secondary consumers
d) Tertiary consumers,
ANS: C

44) Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time, best called as
a) Biomass
b) Standing state
c) Standing crop
d) Gros productivity
ANS: C

45)Which of the following pyramids can never be inverted in any ecosystem?

a) Pyramid of numbers
b) Pyramid of biomass
c) Pyramid of energy
d) All ecological pyramids can be inverted
ANS: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 36

46) The natural place of an organism or community is known as
a) Niche
b) Biome
c) Habitat
d) Habit
ANS: C

47)Which is the renewable exhaustible natural energy resource?

a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Kerosene
d) Biomass
ANS: D

48) According to Shelford’s Law of Tolerance, the organisms wide environmental factor
tolerance limit show
a) Narrow distribution with low population size
b) Wide distribution with high population size
c) Narrow distribution with high population size
d) Wide distribution with low population size
Answer: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 37

49) Plants growing under direct sunlight are known as
a) Heliophytes
b) Sciophytes
c) Psamophytes
d) Dicots
ANS: A

50) Plants growing under shade are known as

a) Psamophytes
b) Sciophytes
c) Heliophytes
d) Monocots
ANS: B

51) An orchid living on a tree exhibits

a) Predator
b) Mutualism
c) Commensalism
d) Parasitism
ANS: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 38

52) Which statement is correct with respect to the food chain?
a) Every component of the food chain forms a trophic level
b) Inter-relation between different food chains is known as a food web
c) All the chains formed by nutritional relations is used to understand energy flow.
d) All of the above
ANS: D

53) The process of vernalization is practised in

a) Cold countries
b) Hot countries
c) Only in sub-tropical countries
d) Only in tropical countries
ANS: A

54) Which of the following requires maximum energy?

a) Secondary consumer
b) Decomposer
c) Primary consumer
d) Primary producer
ANS: D

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 39

55) The bottom area where production is less than respiration in a pond ecosystem is termed as
a) Profundal zone
b) Tidal zone
c) Benthic zone
d) Limnetic zone
ANS: A

56) Which is not the characteristic of ‘r’ selected species?

a) Reproduce quickly
b) Parental care
c) A low survival rate of progenies
d) Produce a large number of progenies
ANS: B

57) Which is not the characteristic of a population?

a) Natality
b) Mortality
c) Stratification
ANS: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 40

58) Lincoln index measures
a) Population mortality rate
b) Population natality rate
c) Population size
d) Population density
ANS: C

59) The ratio between energy flow at different points in a food chain is known as
a) Ecological capacity
b) Ecological efficiency
c) Ecological assimilation
d) Ecological potential
ANS: B

60) In an ecosystem, the energy flow is always

a) Always unidirectional
b) Always bidirectional
c) In any direction
d) Always down directional
ANS: A

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 41

61) The upper part of an aquatic ecosystem contains
a) Nekton
b) Plankton
c) Benthos
d) both (1) and (2)
ANS: B

62) What type of food chain is it?

dead animals → blowfly maggot → maggots → frog → snake
a) Detrital food chain
b) Decomposer food chain
c) Predator food chain
d) Grazing food chain
ANS: A

63) Identify the mismatched pair

a) Tundra – Permafrost
b) Savanna – Acacia trees
c) Prairie – Epiphytes
d) Coniferous forest – Evergreen trees
ANS: C

64) “The pyramid of energy is always upright” states that

a) The energy conversion efficiency of herbivores is better than carnivores
b) The energy conversion efficiency of carnivores is better than herbivores
c) Producers have the lowest energy conversion efficiency
d) Energy conversion efficiency is the same in all trophic levels
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 42
ANS: A
65) The population of birds declined in an area where DDT was extensively used. Why?
a) The birds stopped laying eggs
b) The eggs laid by the birds did not hatch
c) The snakes ate the eggs
d) The DDT spray killed all the birds
ANS: B

66) Plant species with a wide range of genetic distribution evolve into a local
population known as
a) Ecotype
b) Population
c) Ecosystem
d) Biome
ANS: A

67) Biodiversity loss can lead to everything except this

a) increased resistance to the environmental perturbance
b) a decline in plant production
c) increased variability in water use
d) increased variability in pest and disease cycle
Answer: (a)

68) Which of these is not a reason accounting for greater biodiversity of tropics?
(a) more niche specialization
(b) availability of more solar energy
(c) more time for species diversification
(d) large seasonal variations in environmental factorsDr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 43
Answer: (d)
69) The hot spots of biodiversity are characterized by:
(a) low endemicity and low threat of extinction
(b) low endemicity and high threat of extinction
(c) high endemicity and low threat of extinction
(d) high endemicity and high threat of extinction
Answer: (d)

70) Presence of plants organized into well-defined vertical layers based on their heights can be best observed in
a) grassland
b) tropical savannah
c) tropical rain forest
d) temperate forest
Answer: (c)

71) Which of these is related to Ex-situ conservation of threatened plants and animals?
a) Biodiversity hotspots
b) Wildlife safari parks
c) Amazon rainforest
d) Himalayan region
Answer: (b)

72) The region of biosphere reserve that is protected legally, where no human activity takes
place is known as
a) transition zone
b) buffer zone
c) core zone
d) restoration zone Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 44
Answer: (c)
73) The National aquatic animal of India is
a) Sea horse
b) River Dolphin
c) Blue whale
d) Gangetic shark
Answer: (b)

74) Which of the following is not a component of food?

a) Fats
b) Fibres
c) Water
d) None of the above
Answer: (d)

75)Which of the following food products are the best sources of animal proteins?
a) Milk
b) Egg
c) Cheese
d) All of the above.
Answer: D

76)The rate of decomposition of detritus is slow when

a) It contains lignin, chitin, tannins and cellulose.
b) Temperature is more than 25°C.
c) It contains proteins.
d) There is good aeration.
ANS: A Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 45
77) Which of the following would be abiotic factors for a polar bear?
a) extreme cold, floating ice
b) eating only live prey
c) large body size
d) paws with thick hair
Answer: A

78) Which of the following describes energy and matter in ecosystems?

A. Both energy and matter are completely recycled.
B. Matter recycles, but some energy is transferred.
C. Energy is recycled, but most matter is lost.
D. Both matter and energy are completely lost.
Answer: B

Use the picture of the food web shown here to answer questions 79 and 50
79) In the pyramid of energy above, less energy is available in the second level because ________.
A. there is more food than at the first level
B. energy from the first level was given off as heat
C. the organism at the top doesn’t need very much
D. producers don’t use as much energy as consumers
Answer: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 46

80) The amount of energy at each level is about ________ of what it was on the level
before.
A. 50 percent
B. 25 percent
C. 20 percent
D. 10 percent
Answer: D

81) All the abiotic and biotic factors in a small forest form a(n) ________.
A. population
B. community
C. ecosystem
D. biosphere
Answer: B

82) When we study a(n) ______, we are concerned with the community plus its physical and chemical environment.
a) habitat
b) niche
c) ecosystem
d) population
Answer: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 47

83) Given enough time, all water eventually returns to the ________.
A) aquifers
B) lakes and ponds
C) atmosphere through transpiration
D) oceans
Answer: D

84)The oceans are a primary reservoir for carbon in the form of ________.
A) marine plants
B) calcium carbonate shells
C) marine animals
D) coal
Answer: B

85) The picture below shows an energy pyramid.

What will most likely happen to the foxes and the wolves if the rabbits are removed?
A. The foxes will eat more wolves.
B. The foxes will eat fewer wolves.
C. There will be more foxes and wolves.
D. There will be fewer foxes and wolves.
Answer: D

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 48

86) Use the food web below to answer the following question. Which group is not represented in the food web?
a) producers
b) primary consumers
c) secondary consumers
d) decomposers
Answer: D

87) If an ecologist were studying the regional interactions among multiple populations of different
species and how they influence the exchange of materials between their various environments, then this would be an example
of which kind of research?
A) landscape ecology
B) population ecology
C) global ecology
D) ecosystem ecology
Answer: A

88) Only a small amount of the energy stored in food is available to the next organism in a food chain because
a-there are more producers than consumers in a food chain
b-there are fewer top consumers than producers in a food chain
c-primary and secondary consumers compete for food
d-most of the energy is used for life processes
answer: D
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 49
89) In this interaction, the interacting species stay close together
(a) Predation, Parasitism, Commensalism
(b) Competition and Mutualism
(c) Amensalism, Commensalism
(d) Amensalism, Predation and Parasitism
Answer: (a)

90) Predation can be considered as

a) predator’s way of controlling prey’s energy level
(b) nature’s way of controlling predators food chain
(c) nature’s way of transferring energy to higher trophic levels
(d) prey’s way to control the population
Answer: (c)

91) This cannot be performed by predators

(a) allowing herbivores to be filled with energy fixed by autotrophs
(b) make the ecosystem stable
(c) controls the species of prey
(d) conduit for the transfer of energy
Answer: (a)

92) What is the name of the feature that allows organisms to survive in the conditions of their habitat?
a) Adjustment
b) Adaptation
c) Acclimatization
d) Adaptive variation
Ans : B Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 50
93) A wide variety of living organisms is called:
a)Biodiversity
b)Population
c)Habitat
d)Diversity
Answer: A

94) The set of ecosystems is called ______________.

a) Atmosphere
b) Hydrosphere
c) Biome
d) None of the above
Answer: C

95) Prey is small, predator is massive, typically filter feeders – whales and zooplankton and
lichen, graph is found to be linear
(a) Functional response
(b) Type 3 functional response
(c) Type 1 functional response
(d) Type 2 functional response
Answer: (c)

96) This can be a predator in a broad ecological context

(a) crow
(b) tiger
(c) lion
(d) seed eating sparrow Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 51
Answer: (d)
97) Predators which consume almost everything are
(a) generalist predators
(b) predation
(c) predators
(d) specialist predators
Answer: (a)

98) The reason why exotic species starts dispersing fast and turns invasive is
(a) because of successful establishment of the food web
(b) because of the lack of natural predator
(c) because of lack of competition from other exotic plants
(d) it gets better nutrition there
Answer: (b)

99) In an ecosystem, if you discard predators in a hypothetical scenario causing few species to become extinct, it indicates
(a) commensalism
(b) parasitism
(c) interspecific competition
(d) intraspecific competition
Answer: (c)

100) The starfish Pisaster amongst the rocky intertidal communities of the American Pacific coast is a significant
(a) Competitor
(b) Parasite
(c) Predator
(d) Prey
Answer: (c) Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 52
101) Predators suppression of prey declines with the increasing impact of prey on the next lower trophic level such as the impact of herbivores
on plants – this is
(a) Predation cycles
(b) Parasitism
(c) Trophic cascades
(d) Top down
Answer: (c)

102) What is called for a discrete group of organisms of the same kind?
a) Genes
b) Community
c) Species
d) Column
Answer: c

103) Approximately, how many species are assigned with scientific names?
a) Around 1 million
b) Around 1.5 million
c) Around 2 million
d) Around 2.5 million
Answer: b.

104) What is the significance of spices diversity?

a) Species interacts with its environment and thus perform certain functions
b) Species minimize interaction with its environment and thus perform certain functions
c) Species never interacts with environment
d) Though species interacts with the environment it Dr.
doBaya
no education
perform any functionsTel: 01009324965 53
Answer: a
105) How do human activities affect species diversity?
a) Due to over-exploitation of humans
b) Due to conserving the forests
c) Due to a decline in population growth in humans
d) Due to decrease in the pollution causing by industries
Answer: a

106) How many components are there in species diversity?

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c

107) We cannot calculate species diversity.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b

108) How will increasing species diversity affect ecosystem?

a) It increase the efficiency and productivity of an ecosystem
b) It increase only the efficiency and not productivity of an ecosystem
c) It do not increase the efficiency and productivity of an ecosystem
d) It only increase the productivity of an ecosystem
Answer: a

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 54

109) How many types of species are there?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c

110) What is called for the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise?
a) Speciation
b) Condensation
c) Evaporation
d) Admiration
Answer: a

111) Which is the largest scale of biodiversity?

a) Species diversity
b) Genetic diversity
c) Cell diversity
d) Ecological diversity
Answer: d

112) Which one of the following diversity boosts the availability of oxygen?
a) Species diversity
b) Ecosystem diversity
c) Genetic diversity
d) Cell diversity
Answer: b Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 55
113) Which of the following is an example of ecosystem diversity?
a) Earth
b) Sun
c) River
d) Glass
Answer: c

114) Apart from reduction of gene flow, what is the one more reason for speciation?
a) Morphological insulation
b) Geographical isolation
c) Area distribution
d) Mutation
Answer: b

115) Forests are the only example of Ecosystem diversity.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b

116) What is called for a discrete group of organisms of the same kind?
a) Genes
b) Community
c) Species
d) Column
Answer: c

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 56

117) Approximately, how many species are assigned with scientific names?
a) Around 1 million
b) Around 1.5 million
c) Around 2 million
d) Around 2.5 million
Answer: b

118) What is the significance of spices diversity?

a) Species interacts with its environment and thus perform certain functions
b) Species minimize interaction with its environment and thus perform certain functions
c) Species never interacts with environment
d) Though species interacts with the environment it do no perform any functions
Answer: a

119) How do human activities affect species diversity?

a) Due to over-exploitation of humans
b) Due to conserving the forests
c) Due to a decline in population growth in humans
d) Due to decrease in the pollution causing by industries
Answer: a

120) How many components are there in species diversity?

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 57
121) We cannot calculate species diversity.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b

122) How will increasing species diversity affect ecosystem?

a) It increase the efficiency and productivity of an ecosystem
b) It increase only the efficiency and not productivity of an ecosystem
c) It do not increase the efficiency and productivity of an ecosystem
d) It only increase the productivity of an ecosystem
Answer: a

123) How many types of species are there?

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c

124) What is called for the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise?
a) Speciation
b) Condensation
c) Evaporation
d) Admiration
Answer: a

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 58

125) Which is the largest scale of biodiversity?
a) Species diversity
b) Genetic diversity
c) Cell diversity
d) Ecological diversity
Answer: d

126) Which one of the following diversity boosts the availability of oxygen?
a) Species diversity
b) Ecosystem diversity
c) Genetic diversity
d) Cell diversity
Answer: b

127) Which of the following is an example of ecosystem diversity?

a) Earth
b) Sun
c) River
d) Glass
Answer: c

128) Apart from reduction of gene flow, what is the one more reason for speciation?
a) Morphological insulation
b) Geographical isolation
c) Area distribution
d) Mutation
Answer: b Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 59
129) Forests are the only example of Ecosystem diversity.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b

130) What does a primary consumer eat?

a) Plants
b) Decomposers
c) Small animals
d) Large animals
Answer: a

131) On what category consumers are classified into?

a) Herbivore
b) Carnivore
c) Omnivore
d) Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore and scavenger
Answer: d

132) What is called for an organism that feeds on other organisms?

a) Insects
b) Consumer
c) Producer
d) Herbivore
Answer: b

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 60

133) How many types of consumers are there?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c

134) To which category ‘Hawk’ can be classified?

a) Primary consumer
b) Secondary consumer
c) Tertiary consumer
d) Quaternary consumer
Answer: c

134) All plants are herbivores.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b

135) To which classification predators are classified?

a) Primary consumer
b) Secondary consumer
c) Tertiary consumer
d) Tertiary producer
Answer: c

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 61

136) What is another name for tertiary consumers?
a) Decomposers
b) Producers
c) Herbivores
d) Apex predators
Answer: d

137) How many types of secondary consumers are there?

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: b

138) What is the food habitant of secondary consumers?

a) Feed on primary consumers
b) Depends on tertiary consumers
c) Produce their own energy
d) Eat dead animals
Answer: a

139) In the following tropic levels of plants followed by rabbit flowed by fox. Here fox belongs to______________
a) Primary producer
b) Primary consumers
c) Secondary producers
d) Secondary consumers
Answer: d Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 62
140) A consumer that feeds on other animals are known as carnivores.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a

141) Which of these statements is true about frog?

a) It lives both on land and in sea water
b) They cannot survive in freshwater
c) Rana tigrina is a rare species
d) They belong to class Amphibia
Answer: d

142) Frogs are _______

a) homeothermic
b) warm-blooded
c) poikilothermic
d) heterothermic
Answer: c

143) Which of these methods are utilized by frogs for protection?

a) Speed
b) Spikes
c) Mimicry
d) Playing dead
Answer: c

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 63

144) Which of these statements is false about frogs?
a) They do not aestivate
b) They change color
c) They live in burrows
d) They hibernate
Answer: a

145) Which of these describes the skin of frog?

a) Thick, leathery
b) Smooth, slippery
c) Hard, dry
d) Thin, membranous
Answer: b

146) If the sun were to suddenly stop providing energy to Earth, most ecosystems would eventually vanish. Which of the following ecosystems
would likely survive the longest after this hypothetical disaster?
A) pelagic ocean
B) tundra
C) deep benthic ocean
D) a desert spring
Answer: C

147) Which of the following terms encompasses all of the others?

A) heterotrophs
B) herbivores
C) carnivores
D) primary consumers Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 64
Answer: A
148) To recycle nutrients, an ecosystem must have, at a minimum, ________.
A) producers
B) producers and decomposers
C) producers, primary consumers, and decomposers
D) producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers
Answer: B

149) Which of the following organisms is correctly paired with its trophic level?
A) cyanobacterium—primary consumer
B) grasshopper—secondary consumer
C) phytoplankton—primary producer
D) fungus—primary consumer
Answer: C

150) Which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical cycling within an ecosystem?
A) the ecosystem's rate of primary production
B) the secondary production efficiency of the ecosystem's consumers
C) the rate of decomposition in the ecosystem
D) the trophic efficiency of the ecosystem
Answer: C

151) Matter may be gained by, or lost from, ecosystems. How does this occur?
A) Chemoautotrophic organisms can convert matter to energy.
B) Matter can move from one ecosystem to another.
C) Photosynthetic organisms convert solar energy to sugars.
D) Heterotrophs convert heat to energy.
Answer: B Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 65
152) Why is terrestrial productivity higher in equatorial climates?
A) Productivity increases with temperature.
B) Productivity increases with water availability.
C) Productivity increases with available sunlight.
D) The answer is most likely a combination of the other responses.
Answer: D

153) During a year, plants never use 100% of the incoming solar radiation for photosynthesis.
What is a reasonable explanation for this?
A) Plants cannot photosynthesize as well in warm temperatures as in cold temperatures.
B) Plants do not intercept all incoming light, as some light will strike water, bare soil, or rock.
C) The pigments that drive photosynthesis absorb all of the wavelengths of light that are available; however, some of the light is subsequently
reflected.
D) At least 75% of all incoming light is reflected, absorbed, or scattered back by clouds in the atmosphere.
Answer: B

154) You own 300 acres of patchy temperate forest mixed with grassy meadows. Which one of the following actions would increase the net
primary productivity of the area the most?
A) adding fertilizer to the entire area
B) introducing 100 rabbits into the area
C) planting 500 new trees
D) relocating all of the deer found in the area
Answer: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 66

155) Suppose you are studying the nitrogen cycling between vegetation, sediments, and water in a pond ecosystem over the course of a month.
While you are collecting data, a flock of 100 Canada geese lands and spends the night during a fall migration. What could you do to eliminate
error in your study as a result of this event?
A) Find out how much nitrogen is consumed in plant material by a Canada goose over about a 12-hour period, multiply this number by 100, and
add that amount to the total nitrogen in the ecosystem.
B) Find out how much nitrogen is eliminated by a Canada goose over about a 12-hour period, multiply this number by 100, and subtract that
amount from the total nitrogen in the ecosystem.
C) Find out how much nitrogen is consumed from vegetation and eliminated by a Canada goose over about a 12-hour period and multiply this
number by 100; enter this +/- value into the nitrogen budget of the ecosystem.
D) Put a net over the pond so that no more migrating flocks can land on the pond and alter the nitrogen balance of the pond.
Answer: C

156) Many of the organisms in the ocean are nutrient-limited. If you wanted to investigate this
phenomenon, one reasonable approach would be to ________.
A) observe Antarctic Ocean productivity from year to year to see if it changes
B) experimentally enrich some areas of the ocean and compare their productivity to that of
untreated areas
C) compare nutrient concentrations between the photic zone and the benthic zone in various
marine locations
D) contrast nutrient uptake by autotrophs in marine locations that are different temperatures
Answer: B

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 67

157) If you applied a fungicide to a cornfield, what would you expect to happen to the rate of
decomposition and net ecosystem production (NEP)?
A) Both decomposition rate and NEP would decrease.
B) Both decomposition rate and NEP would increase.
C) Decomposition rate would increase and NEP would decrease.
D) Decomposition rate would decrease and NEP would increase.
Answer: D

158) Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding mineral nutrients in soils and their implication for primary productivity?
A) Globally, phosphorous availability is most limiting to primary productivity.
B) Adding a nonlimiting nutrient will stimulate primary productivity.
C) Phosphorous is sometimes unavailable to producers due to leaching.
D) Alkaline soils are more productive than acidic soils.
Answer: C

159) What advantage would there be for an ecosystem ecologist to measure net ecosystem production (NEP) instead of net primary production
(NPP)?
A) NPP cannot be expressed in energy/unit of area/unit of time.
B) NEP can be expressed in terms of carbon fixed by photosynthesis for an entire ecosystem,
minus respiration by producers, allowing the measurement of net CO2 flux.
C) NEP represents the amount of energy from light converted to chemical energy, minus the energy used by all organisms for cellular respiration,
which could indicate whether or not carbon is being stored.
D) NPP shows the rate at which the standing crop is utilized by consumers.
Answer: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 68

160) How is net ecosystem production (NEP) typically estimated in ecosystems?
A) by detecting the amount of heat energy released by the ecosystem
B) by measuring gas exchange from vegetation as well as estimates of respiration by all other organisms
C) by measuring the rate of decomposition by detritivores
D) by calculating the annual total of incoming solar radiation per unit of area
Answer: B

161) Which of the following ecosystems would likely have the largest net primary productivity per hectare and why?
A) open ocean, because of the total biomass of photosynthetic autotrophs
B) grassland, because of rapid growth, the small standing crop biomass that results from
consumption by herbivores, and rapid decomposition
C) tundra, because of the incredibly rapid period of growth during the summer season
D) deep ocean, due to the high activity of chemoautotrophs at deep sea vents
Answer: B

162) Why is it that satellites, using wavelength reflectance technology, detect variable levels of productivity across Earth's oceans, rather than an
increase toward the equator?
A) Temperatures at the equator often exceed those which are optimal for primary production.
B) Light at the equator is too constant and direct.
C) NPP in Earth's open oceans could differ due to variability in depth, the presence of coral
reefs, or by ocean currents.
D) Satellites detect differences by measuring the amount of water vapor emitted by
transpiring
producers, and this is a variable measurement in the oceans.
Answer: C

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 69

163) Which one of the following correctly ranks these organisms in order from lowest to highest
percent in production efficiency?
A) mammals, fish, insects
B) insects, fish, mammals
C) fish, insects, mammals
D) mammals, insects, fish
Answer: A

164) How does inefficient transfer of energy among trophic levels result in the typically high endangerment status of many top-
level predators?
A) Top-level predators are destined to have small populations that are sparsely distributed.
B) Predators have relatively large population sizes.
C) Predators are more disease-prone than animals at lower trophic levels.
D) Top-level predators are more likely to be stricken with parasites.
Answer: A

165) Why does a vegetarian leave a smaller ecological footprint than an omnivore?
A) Fewer animals are slaughtered for human consumption.
B) There is an excess of plant biomass in all terrestrial ecosystems.
C) Vegetarians need to ingest less chemical energy than omnivores.
D) Eating meat is an inefficient way of acquiring photosynthetic productivity.
Answer: D

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 70

166) For most terrestrial ecosystems, pyramids composed of species abundances, biomass, and energy are similar in that they have a broad base
and a narrow top. The primary reason for this pattern is that ________.
A) secondary consumers and top carnivores require less energy than producers
B) at each step, energy is lost from the system
C) biomagnification of toxic materials limits the secondary consumers and top carnivores
D) top carnivores and secondary consumers have a more general diet than primary producers
Answer: B

167) Which of the following is primarily responsible for limiting the number of trophic levels in most ecosystems?
A) Many primary and higher-order consumers are opportunistic feeders.
B) Decomposers compete with higher-order consumers for nutrients and energy.
C) Nutrient cycling rates tend to be limited by decomposition.
D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is usually less than 20 percent efficient.
Answer: D

168) Which trophic level is most vulnerable to extinction?

A) producer level
B) primary consumer level
C) secondary consumer level
D) tertiary consumer level
Answer: D

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 71

169) Consider the food chain of grass → grasshopper → mouse → snake → hawk. About how much of the chemical energy fixed by
photosynthesis of the grass (100 percent) is available to the hawk?
A) 0.01%
B) 0.1%
C) 1%
D) 10%
Answer: A

170) If the flow of energy in an arctic ecosystem goes through a simple food chain, perhaps
involving humans, starting from phytoplankton to zooplankton to fish to seals to polar bears,
then which of the following could be accurate?
A) Polar bears can provide more food for humans than seals can.
B) The total biomass of the fish is lower than that of the seals.
C) Seal populations are larger than fish populations.
D) Fish can potentially provide more food for humans than seal meat.
Answer: D

171) The natural residence of every organism is known as:

A. Biome
A. Niche
A. Habit
A. Habitat
ANS: D

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 72

172) What is the name of the feature that allows organisms to survive in the conditions of their habitat?
A. Adjustment
A. Adaptation
A. Acclimatization
A. Adaptive variation
Ans: B

173) Animal adopts a similar state like sleep to reduce their metabolic rate, it is called:
A. Migration
A. Transpiration
A. Hibernating
A. None of these
Ans: C

174) A mutual relationship between two organisms, where both of them are benefitting from watching the other is called:
A. Mutualism
A. Symbiosis
A. Parasitism
A. Food chain
Ans: Mutualism

175) Which is/are the abiotic components of an ecosystem?

A. Soil
A. Protein
A. Carbon
A. All of the above
Ans- All of the above Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 73
176) Acid rain is a result of:
A. Excess amount CO2
A. Excess amount of NH3
A. Excess amount of SO2 and NO2
A. Excess carbon monoxide
Answer: C

177) The greenhouse effect in the atmosphere is produced due to:

A. Absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere
A. Absorption and re-emission of ultra violet radiation by the atmosphere
A. Absorption and re-emission of visible light by the atmosphere
A. Absorption and re-emission of visible light by clouds
Answer: A

178) The result of acid disposition is:

A. Dying forests and lakes
A. Acid indigestion in humans
A. Greenhouse effect lessens
A. All of these
Answer: A

179) The reason for soil pollution is ________________.

A. Ozone
A. Aerosol
A. PAN
A. Acid rain
Ans: D Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 74
180) Which of the following constitutes the fourth trophic level?
a)Small carnivores
b)Plants
c)Herbivores
d)Top carnivores
Answer: D

181) Why did the consumer movement arise?

A. High rates of products
B. Total false claims
C. The dissatisfaction of the consumers as many unfair practices were being indulged in by the sellers
D. None of the above
ANS: C

182) What was the main drawback for the consumer?

A. High rates of final products
B. No legal system available to consumers to protect them
C. Low-quality products
D. The exploitation of the consumer
ANS: B

183) In India, the consumer movement as a ‘…………..’ originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers
against unethical and unfair trade practices?
A. Consumer need
B. Social force
C. Consumer responsibility
D. Unhappy consumer Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 75
ANS: B
PART 2

LO13
ITS ANSWER
*200 QS *

76
1.Carbon is a common component of
A) limestone
B) all organisms
C) volcanic gases
D) all of the choices

2. The geologic portion of the carbon cycle operates on a scale of days to months.
A) true
B) False

3. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants

A) release CO2 to the atmosphere.
B) Biologingo Dr.Baya Education
B) turn CO2 into sugars.
C) turn sugars into energy.
D) none of the choices

4. Respiration is the process by which ____ is consumed and _____ is produced.

A) carbon dioxide, oxygen
B) carbon dioxide, energy
C) oxygen, carbon dioxide
D) energy, carbon dioxide

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 77

5. Regular, annual fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations occur because
A) photosynthesis stops at night while respiration continues
B) humans influence the carbon dioxide concentrations.
C) carbon dioxide emissions increase in the winter.
D) plants in the northern hemisphere lose their leaves during the winter.

6. How does the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect climate?
A) As carbon dioxide concentration increase, temperatures decrease.
B) As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures increase.
C) Carbon dioxide concentrations have no affect on climate.
D) As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures become more random.

7. According to most scientists, activities like fossil fuel burning and deforestation have affected the global carbon cycle.
A) true
B) False

8. Which of the following processes does NOT add carbon to the atmosphere?
A) volcanic eruptions
B) respiration
C) weathering of limestone
D) subduction

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 78

9. Although direct measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide have only been taken consistently since the 1950s, scientists
have been able to retrieve data from the past 500,000 years. They have been able to do this by looking at
A) ice cores from ice sheets
B) sediment cores from the ocean
C) tree rings
D) all of the choices

10. A net carbon source is a carbon pool which takes in more carbon than it releases.
A) true
B) False

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 79

1. What is the most abundant element on Earth?
A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) hydrogen
D) Nitrogen

2. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does carbon have?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

3. Which of the following is not a carbon reservoir?

A) atmosphere
B) hydrosphere
C) lithosphere
D) Moonsphere

4. What % of the air is oxygen?

A) 21%
B) 76%
C) 3%
D) 98%
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 80
5. Which of the organic molecule’s function is short term energy?
A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

6. DNA and RNA are examples of

A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

7. Fats, Oils, and Waxes are examples of

A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 81

1) All the water at and near the surface of the earth, 97% of which is in oceans
a) emission
b) atmosphere
c) hydrosphere
d) ocean acidification

2) the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation

a) diffusion
b) deforestation
c) sedimentation
d) industrial revolution

3) Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels are ancient remains of plants and animals.
a) fossil fuels
b) ocean acidification
c) hydrosphere
d) combustion

4) To come together in a group, assemble.

a) calcify
b) ocean acidification
c) hydrosphere
d) congregate
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 82
5) to wear away
a) ocean acidification
b) hydrosphere
c) congregate
d) Erode

6) living organisms
a) biosphere
b) atmosphere
c) viability
d) geosphere

7) A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth; the air

a) biosphere
b) hydrosphere
c) atmosphere
d) combustion

8) reservoir is a large storage area

a) true
b) False

9) molecule is A group of atoms bonded together

a) true
b) false

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 83

10) decomposition is the process in which soil particles and decaying organic matter pile up in layers
a) true
b) false

11) ocean acidification is decreasing the pH of ocean waters due to the absorption of excess atmospheric CO2
a) true
b) False

12) combustion is the process that breaks large things apart into smaller things
a) true
b) False

13) geosphere is the solid part of the Earth that consists of all rock, as well as the soils and lose rocks on Earth's surface
a) true
b) False

14) liquid fossil fuel

a) natural gas
b) coal
c) oil
d) ocean surface

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 84

15) fossil trees that haven't rotted
a) atmosphere
b) oil
c) limestone
d) coal

16) plant, including trees

a) soil
b) vegetation
c) weathering
d) atmosphere

17) soil is a loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air
a) true
b) false

18) limestone is very deep, more than 1 km down in the ocean

a) true
b) false

19) limestone is a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

a) true
b) false
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 85
20) Which of the following is the largest reservoir of carbon?
a) soil
b) atmosphere
c) ocean
d) sedimentary rocks

21) The nutrient cycle that has the largest reservoir in the atmosphere is
a) carbon cycle
b) nitrogen cycle
c) potassium cycle
d) phosphorus cycle
e) water cycle

22) Choose the statements that correctly differentiate between the phosphorus and carbon cycle.
I. Phosphorus is released into the atmosphere due to respiratory activities while carbon is not
II. Carbon is released into the atmosphere due to respiratory activities while phosphorus is not
III. Phosphorus cycle is sedimentary while the carbon cycle is gaseous
IV. Lithosphere is the reservoir for the phosphorus cycle while the atmosphere is the
reservoir for the carbon cycle
a) I, III and IV
b) II, III and IV
c) II and III
d) I and IV
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 86
23) In the carbon cycle, the human body directly returns carbon to the atmosphere through this way:
a) urination
b) formation of glucose
c) photosynthesis
d) cellular respiration

24) How is carbon returned into the atmosphere in a slow carbon cycle?
a) plants
b) animals
c) volcanos
d) all the above

25) Which of the following statements is/are incorrect with regard to biogeochemical cycles?
i) Sedimentary cycles are considered perfect cycles while gaseous cycles are imperfect cycles
ii) Atmosphere is the reservoir for the carbon cycle.
iii Gaseous exchanges of phosphorus between organisms and environment are negligible unlike carbon
Options:
a) Only ii
b) ii and iii
c) i and ii
d) Only i

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 87

26) which of the following factors is most likely to contribute the gene flow between population?
a) random mating
b) migration
c) mutation
d) genetic drift

27) In the naming of the given diagram, the carbon to the right will be the 1st carbon in the main chain. What is the name of the
given compound?
a)Heptanone
b)Hex-2-enone
c)Hex-4-en-2-one
d)Hexanoic acid

28) The biological process by which carbon is returned to its reservoir is

a)photosynthesis
b)denitrification
c)carbon fixation
d)cellular respiration

29) About 71% carbon is found dissolved form in ________ and also _______ fuel represent a reservoir of carbon.
Ans: fossil fuels, oceans

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 88

30) Carbon dioxide, dissolved in water, can dissolve rocks containing calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. What are the respective salts
formed?
a)Nuclear
b)Hydrogen
c)CNG
d)Kerosene

31) Give examples of crystalline form of carbon and non crystalline form of carbon
Ans: The crystalline form of Carbon is pure because it represents diamond.
Diamond is tetrahedral in structure and is pure.
While amorphous or non-crystalline form of Carbon is the term generally used for
coal, soot, etc., impure.

32) Carbon dioxide is withdrawn from the carbon cycle in the forms of
a)Organic matter
b)Carbonate rocks
c)Carbonate shells and skeletons in animals
d)Both B and C

33) In carbon cycle processes, carbon is used by plants to form organic molecules but most carbon is found in the atmosphere as
carbon dioxide.Which process is most responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
a)Photosynthesis
b)Respiration
c)Combustion
d)Decomposition
e)Evaporation Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 89
34) Carbon is found in all organic material. It is used by plants to form organic molecules but most carbon is found in the
atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Which of the following processes releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere?
I. Decomposition
II. Respiration
Ill. Combustion
a)I only
b)II only
c)I and Ill only
d)II and III only
e)I, II, and III

35) Carbon exists in the atmosphere primarily in the form of:

(a) Carbon monoxide only
(b) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
(c) Carbon dioxide only
(d) Methane
Ans: b

36) Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

(a) Methane
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Carbon monoxide
(d) Ammonia
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 90
37) Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Carbon Monoxide are greenhouse gases.
a)True
b)False

38) Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

(i) Water Vapour
(ii) Carbon Dioxide
(iii) Nitrous Oxide
(iv) Methane
a)Only (i) and (iv)
b)Only (ii) and (iii)
c)Only (i), (ii) and (iii)
d)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

39) Among the following gases, find the number of gases that are polar, planar as well as having the greenhouse effect.
(i) Water vapour
(ii) Carbon dioxide
(iii) Nitrogen
(iv) Methane
(v) Nitrous oxide
(vi) Ozone
(vii) Sulphur dioxide

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 91

40) a gas without color or smell, that burns easily and is used as fuel. Natural gas consists mainly of this
a) carbon
b) carbonate
c)methane
d) Glucose

41) The process by which carbon sinks remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is known:
a)carbon absorber
b)carbon chain
c)carbon sequestration
d)carbon well

45) Which of the following processes release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
a)Volcanic eruptions
b)Respiration
c)Combustion
d)Decomposition

46) Which of the following process is responsible for the release of carbon dioxide by animals?
a)Digestion
b)Photosynthesis
c)Reproduction
d)None of these
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 92
47) Which of the following processes is not responsible for liberation of carbon dioxide?
a)Photosynthesis
b)Respiration
c)Burning of fuels
d)None of these

48) Which step is not involved in the carbon-cycle?

(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Transpiration
(c) Respiration
(d) Burning of fossil fuels

49) hich of the following processes is responsible for the release of oxygen?
I. Lactic acid fermentation
II. Alcohol fermentation
III. Aerobic respiration
IV. Photosynthesis
A)I and II
b)I and III
c)II only
d)IV only
e)III and IV

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 93

50) An experimental setup showed that carbon dioxide is produced by a seed on germination. This carbon dioxide turned the
limewater milky. Which process in germinating seeds is responsible for carbon dioxide generation.
a)Transpiration
b)Expiration
c)Photosynthesis
d)Respiration

51) a chemical element found in all living things, existing in a pure state in two main forms (diamond and graphite)
a) carbon
b) glucose
c) carbonate
d) methane

52) The percentage of carbon dioxide gas in air is

a) 0.03
b) 1
c) 21
d) 78

53) Carbon dioxide is a:

a) element
b) compound
c) mixture
d) molecule Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 94
54) how many atoms make up a molecule of carbon dioxide ( CO2)?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

55) Carbon dioxide is produced from

a) photosynthesis process
b) exhalation process
c) burning of the candle
d) b and c

56) Air is heavier than carbon dioxide gas

a) true
b) False

57) Carbon dioxide scarcely dissolves in water

a) true
b) False

58) Carbon dioxide is used in the industry of

a) steel
b) soft drinks
c) gunpowder Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 95
d) fertilizers
59) Carbon dioxide gas doesn't burn and doesn't help in burning
a) true
b) False

60) Carbon dioxide is produced as a result of combustion of

a) wood
b) oil
c) gasoline
d) all the above

61) what is the impact of human activity on environment

a)Climate change
b)Pollution.
c)Deforestation
d)Reduction in biodiversity and extinction of species
e) All

62) What are the impacts on the Ganga - Brahmaputra basin region due to human activities?
a)Increase in population of aquatic animals
b)Reduction in population of aquatic animals.
c)River pollution
d)Development of industries
e) b, c and d
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 96
63) What are the human activities that cause harm to the environment?
*More than one options may be correct.
A Use of excessive pesticides
B Cutting down trees
C Polluting rivers and streams
D Plannting more trees

64) The major reservoir of carbon on earth is

a)Producers
b)Spindle
c)Light
d)Earthworm, mites
e)Ocean

65) which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to gene flow between populations?
a) random meting
b) migration
c) mutation
d) genetic drift

66) one characteristics that distinguish a population in an extinction vortex from most other population is that
A) it’s habitat is fragmented
b) it is a rare, top-level predator
c) it is genetic diversity is very low Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 97
67) Which statement about the effects of natural events and human activities is true?
a) The environment is not usually affected by natural events.
b) All human activities change the environment in a negative way
c) Natural events always have a positive impact on the environment.
d) Human activities and natural events can damage the environment.

68) Any amount of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) in the atmosphere is bad for our planet.
a) true
b) False

69) Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

a)carbon dioxide
b) water vabor
c) methane
d) Nitrogen

70) Increased industrialization will most likely

a) decrease available habitats
b) increase environmental carrying capacity
c) increase the stability of ecosystems
d) decrease global warming

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 98

71) Which of these is one cause of deforestation?
a) Urbanisation
b) Buying a chirstmas tree during the holidays
c) Overbreeding birds in the wild
d) Cutting down the tree in your backyard

72) Deforestation causes an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

a) true
b) false

73) Deforestation has an affect on the water cycle

a) true
b) false

74) What does biodiversity mean?

a) What does biodiversity mean?
b) The different amount of species in an area
c) All abiotic life
d) Nitrogen fixation

75) problem caused by increased levels of CFC's in the atmosphere

a) global warming
b) thermal pollution
c) greenhouse effect
d) ozone depletion

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 99

76) which of the following results when nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds mix with water in the atmosphere?
a) global warming
b) ozone depletion
c) acid rain
d) thermal pollution

77) Which of the following is a finite resource?

a) solar energy
b) wind energy
c) trees
d) fossil fuel

78) Which of the following is NOT a method of energy conservation?

a) taking public transportation to work (bus, subway)
b) riding your bike to work
c) walking to work
d) driving alone in your car to work

79) Conservation is the act of conserving, or protecting the environment, plants, and
animals. What are some things you can do to help conserve our environment?
A) leave water on, leave TV on, run dishwasher with 1 plate
b) run the washing machine with 1 shirt
c) leave the refrigerator door open
d) turn off water, turn off lights, turn off T Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 100
80) Continued depletion of the ozone layer will most likely result in
a) an increase in skin cancer among humans
b) a decrease in atmospheric pollutants
c) an increase in marine ecosystem stability
d) a decrease in climatic changes

81) What does ozone in the atmosphere do?

a) lithosphere
b) hydrosphere
c) atmosphere
d) Biosphere

82) Which of the following have been linked to climate change?

a) droughts
b) flooding
c) melting of polar ice caps
d) all of the above

83) Without the Greenhouse Effect the Earth would be

a) warm
b) cold
c) dead

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 101

84) A type of pollution found both indoors and outdoors, which includes pollen, dander, soot, carbon, and dust.
A) Water droplets
b) Allergens
c) Particulate matter
d) Combustibles

85 What can humans do to reduce the effects of acid rain?

a) Develop Alternate Energy Sources (Solar Power, Wind Energy)
b) Use Less Energy
c) Stop Burning Fossil Fuels
d) All of the Answers are Correct

86) Where is the Ozone Layer found in our atmosphere?

a) Troposphere (lower portion)
b) Stratosphere (upper portion)

87) forms when ground-level ozone and vehicle exhaust react in the presence of
sunlight.
A) smog
b) emission
c) acid precipitation
d) air quality

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 102

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 103
1-Carbon dioxide is converted by photosynthesis in autotrophs. Which type of compound are made using the carbon dioxide?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Acidic compounds
C. Amphipathic compounds
D. Water

2-By what process does Carbon dioxide move from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs.
A. Photosynthesis
B. Differentiation
C. Diffusion
D. Active transport

3-Carbon dioxide diffuses out of organisms into water, or the atmosphere. What is the process which produces carbon dioxide?
A. Carbon dioxide is produced by photosynthesis in autotrophs.
B. Carbon dioxide is produced in carboxylation reactions in living organisms.
C. Carbon dioxide is produced in oxidation reactions in cells.
D. Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration in all living organisms.

4-Methane (CH4) is produced as a pan of the carbon cycle. Which process is involved?
A. In anaerobic conditions photosynthesis can produce methane.
B. In aerobic conditions methane is produced from the breakdown of
carbohydrates.
C. In aerobic conditions the decomposition will produce methane.
D. In anaerobic conditions the decay of organicDr.matter will produce methane.
Baya education Tel: 01009324965 104
5-Methane is changed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. What does the methane change into?
A. Carbon dioxide and water
B. Water and Ozone
C. Oxygen and water
D. Carbon dioxide and oxygen

6-How does 'Peat" form in the ground in some parts of the world?
A. Organic matter is not fully decomposed in soils which are waterlogged.
B. Respiration in decomposing organisms releases carbon dioxide from the soil.
C. Photosynthesis traps carbon dioxide in the soil.
D. Saprotrophic organisms decompose organic materials.

7-Which of the processes listed produce carbon dioxide?

A. The hydrolysis of carbohydrates
B. The combustion of biomass and burning of fossil fuels.
C. The formation of peat and carbohydrate
D. The formation of reefs by corals

8-Animals such as reef-building corals and Mollusca form a reservoir in the carbon cycle.
In what form is the carbon stored in their bodies?
A. Calcium carbonate in their hard body parts.
B. Carbon dioxide is stored in their gills.
C. Bicarbonate ions are stored in all parts of their bodies.
D. Calcium carbonate in their soft body part Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 105
9- How precise are measurements of carbon fluxes?
A. They are accurate to a high precision.
B. They are accurate to one part per million.
C. They are sometimes measured exactly.
D. They are estimates.

10- Which organism is most likely to produce methane in the carbon cycle?
A. Bacteria
B. Birds produce methane during flight.
C. Fungi produce methane.
D. Fish in aquatic systems

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 106

1- Which of the following best describes the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
A. Photosynthesis moves carbon-based molecules between consumers in an ecosystem.
B. Photosynthesis moves carbon from the atmosphere into the bodies of living organisms.
C. Photosynthesis breaks down carbon-based molecules and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
.
2- Which of the following best describes the carbon cycle as a whole?
A. the flow of carbon through the living and nonliving parts of the environment
B. the conversion of carbon dioxide to sugar in ecosystems
C. the depletion of carbon reservoirs through the burning of fossil fuels

3- Which of the following correctly describes one way that an organism's cells contribute to the carbon cycle as they carry out
cellular respiration?
A. The cells help move carbon from the atmosphere into the organism's tissues.
B. The cells break down carbon-based molecules and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
C. The cells help build carbon-based molecules and release oxygen into the atmosphere.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 107

1-The constant cycling of carbon is called the
A. photosynthesis
B. carbon cycle
C. animals
D, respire.

2- Carbon dioxide is removed from the environment by green plants and algae for
A. respire.
B. photosynthesis
C. carbon dioxide
D. carbon cycle

3- Which of the following is not made by green plants and algae using the carbon from carbon dioxide?
A. oxygen
B. protein
C. fats
D. Carbohydrates

4- When green plants and algae…. some of the carbon becomes carbon dioxide and is released into the atmosphere.
A. die
B. respire.
C. nutrients
D. carbon dioxide
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 108
5- When green plants and algae are eaten by…. some of the carbon is passed along the food chain.
A. animals
B. nutrients
C. respire.
D. Photosynthesis

6- The carbon becomes part of the fats and that make up the bodies of the animals……
A. respire.
B. photosynthesis
C. nutrients
D. Proteins

7- When animals……., some of the carbon becomes carbon dioxide and is released into the atmosphere
A. die
B. nutrients
C. respire.
D. carbon cycle

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 109

1-This factor contributes to the carbon cycle
A-cellular respiration
B-photosynthesis
c-fossil fuel combustion
D-all of the above

2-The source of carbon to plants in the carbon cycle is

A-fossil fuels
B-carbonate rocks
C-atmospheric carbon dioxide
D-none of the above

3-The role of bacteria in the carbon cycle is

A-Photosynthesis
B-Breakdown of organic compound
C-Chemosynthesis
D-None of the above

4-In the carbon cycle, the human body returns carbon to the atmosphere through this way:
A-None of the above
B-cellular respiration
C-waste products
D-photosynthesis
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 110
5-Respiration and photosynthesis are central to this process
A-carbon cycle
B-Sulphur cycle
C-nitrogen cycle
D-None of the above

6. The difference between the phosphorous cycle and carbon cycle lies in the fact that
(a) the phosphorous cycle does not include a gaseous phase but the carbon cycle does
(b) phosphorous does not enter living entities but carbon enters
(c) the phosphorous cycle includes a solid phase, the carbon cycle does not
(d) primary reservoir of the phosphorous CYCLE Is the atmosphere, but rocks are the primary reservoirs for carbon cycle

7. Most of the global warming is due to the perturbation of which of these cycles?
(a) Global nitrogen cycle
(b) Global carbon cycle
(c) Global water cycle
(d) All of these cycles equally contribute

8. This carbon isotope is radioactive and very rare

(a) Carbon - 11
(b) Carbon - 12
(c) Carbon – 13
(d) Carbon – 14
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 111
9. By this method, the majority of carbon moves from the lithosphere to the
atmosphere
(a) erosion
(b) deposition
(c) weathering
(d) fossil fuel burning

10. These entities sequester most carbon from the atmosphere

(a) Plants
(b) Archaea
(c) Bacteria
(d) Insects

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 112

1-Things you can do to help decrease global warming include:
a-Eat more ice cream.
b-Keep your air conditioner on high.
c-Keep your freezer door open.
d-Turn off your lights when you're not using them.

2-What is the mixture of gases surrounding the Earth called?

a-carbon
b-atmosphere
c-concentration
d-emissions

3-The single most important step we can take to slow global warming is to decrease…...emission
a-carbon dioxide
b-ozone
c-nitrous oxide
d-sulfur dioxide

4-Choose one-way humans can affect the carbon cycle.

a-Inhaling "'oxygen
b-using CFCs
c-Exhalation of carbon dioxide
d-Wearing sunscreen
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 113
5-In the food web which organisms release the carbon from dead things back into the environment?
a-Producers
b-Scavengers
c-Consumers
d-Decomposers

6-How are burning of fossil fuels and volcanic eruptions similar with respect to their effects on the carbon cycle?
a-Both remove carbon from the atmosphere.
b-Both add carbon to the lithosphere.
c-Both add carbon to the atmosphere.
d-Both remove carbon from the lithosphere.

7-Carbon is stored in
a-Trees and other living things
b-Underground in soil and fossil fuels
c-Oceans
d-All are correct.

8-Water vapor is a greenhouse gas.

a-True
b-False

9-Some greenhouse gases are naturally present in the Earth’s atmosphere

a-True
b-False

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 114

1. Precipitation with a low pH that results from sulfur emissions reacting with water is commonly called
a. acid rain.
b. greenhouse precipitation.
c. sulfuric acid.
d. biological magnification

2. Organisms that obtain energy by making their own organic molecules are called
a. consumers.
c. producers.
b. herbivores.
d. decomposers.

3. The broadest, most inclusive level of organization in ecology is

a. an ecosystem.
c. a population.
b. a community.
d. the biosphere

4. When organisms affect and are affected by other organisms in their surroundings and by the nonliving parts of their
environment, it is called
a. ecology.
c. Interdependence
b. disturbances of the ecosystem.
d. modeling Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 115
5. Heat is lost during the transfer of energy between
a. species.
c. populations.
b. trophic levels.
d. Ecosystems

6. . Some organisms adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors through

a. adaptation.
c. application.
b. acclimation.
d. Resources

7. Conformers are organisms that

a. use energy to control internal conditions.
b. change over many generations.
c. do not regulate internal conditions.
d. None of the above

8. A long term strategy to avoid unfavorable conditions by moving to another, more favorable habitat is called
a. dormancy.
c. hibernation.
b. migration.
d. All of the above
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 116
9. Food chains differ from food webs in that food chains
a. include more organisms than do food webs.
b. include producers and consumers, while food webs include only consumers.
c. depict only one line of energy transfer, while food webs depict many interrelated food chains.
d. depict only one line of energy transfer to a top consumer, while food webs depict all possible lines of energy transfer to a top
consumer

10.Which of the following has the most immediate effect on net primary productivity?
a. population size and density
b. light, temperature, and precipitation
c. living space and geochemical cycles
d. carnivores, omnivores, and detritovores

11.The rate at which trees produce sugars from photosynthesis is

a. the biomass.
b. gross primary productivity.
c. net primary productivity.
d. comparative productivity

12.. If the birth rate in a population is 65 births per 1,000 individuals and the death rate is 70 deaths per 1,000 individuals, what
is the growth rate of the population?
a. 0.005
b. _0.005
c. _0.05 Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 117
d. _0.5
13.Which of the following processes add individuals to a population?
a. birth and emigration
c. death and immigration
b. death and emigration
d. birth and immigration

14.Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?

a. an earthquake
c. shortage of nesting material
b. shortage of a food resource
d. an infectious disease

15.Which of the following definitions of a property of populations is incorrect?

a. Population size is the number of individuals in a population.
b. Population density is the number of individuals in a population per unit area or volume.
c. Population dispersion is the distribution of individuals in a population over time.
d. Population dynamics include birth rate, death rate, and life expectancy

16.. When the birth rate and the death rate of a population are equal, and there
is no immigration or emigration, the
a. population is growing in size.
b. population is remaining constant in size.
c. population is decreasing in size.
d. life expectancy of individuals in the population is very
Dr. Baya great
education Tel: 01009324965 118
17.Exponential growth of a population may occur
a. in populations of bacteria grown in the laboratory.
b. at times following the logistic population growth model.
c. in the absence of limiting factors.
d. All of the above

18.Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the carrying capacity of an environment?

a. It is determined by density-independent factors.
b. It may vary as the environment changes.
c. Population growth ceases because the birth rate equals the death rate.
d. It is the maximum number of individuals the environment can support over a
long period of time

19.. The graph of the age structure of a population represents the

a. birth and death rates of the population.
b. life expectancy of the population.
c. likelihood of an individual surviving to an old age.
d. percentage of people in each age and gender group.

20.Populations that contain only a few individuals are

a. genetically more diverse than large populations.
b. able to withstand environmental disturbances because they become genetically uniform as a result of inbreeding.
c. susceptible to extinction from environmental disturbances because they are less able to recover from such changes.
d. All of the above Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 119
21.In the exponential model of population growth, the birth rate
a. is dependent on the death rate.
b. is steady and may be small.
c. must be less than the death rate
. d. must be large and may be variable

22.How did the agricultural revolution promote human population growth?

a. It improved economic conditions for many people.
b. It improved the availability and stability of food supplies.
c. It enabled people to move to new areas.
d. It prevented infectious diseases.

23.Beginning about 1650, the global human population

a. had a low birth rate and a high death rate.
b. reached the Earth’s carrying capacity.
c. began to grow exponentially.
d. had a birth rate equal to the death rate.

24.In order to reduce competition, two species living in the same area will
utilize different resources in the environment. This is an example of
a. interspecific competition.
c. mimicry.
b. competitive exclusion.
d. resource partitioning. Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 120
25.When two or more dangerous species look similar it is called
a. competitive exclusion.
c. Müllerian mimicry
b. commensalism.
d. Batesian mimicry.

26.Which of the following is a common pioneer species?

a. lichens
c. dogwood trees
b. conifer trees
d. small shrubs

27.Which of the following is an example of mimicry?

a. heat-sensitive pits of rattlesnakes
b. leaflike coloration of a mantis
c. bright coloration of certain frogs
d. colored rings of a coral snake

28.Which of the following is NOT an example of a predator’s adaptation for finding prey?
a. spiders’ webs that trap flying insects
b. stripes on a tiger’s coat that blend with the grassland habitat of small animals
c. stripes on a nonpredatory wasp that resemble the stripes of a predatory wasp
d. rattlesnakes’ heat-sensitive pits that detect warm-bodied pre
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 121
29.Which of the pairs of parasites listed below are endoparasites? tapeworms and leeches
b. malaria parasites and tapeworms
c. leeches and fleas
d. ticks and mosquitoes

30.Competition is most intense between closely related species that

a. are similar in appearance.
c. use the same resources.
b. have different beak sizes.
d. use different resources.

31.An ecologist studying an ocean ecosystem performed an experiment in which predatory sea stars were removed from the
ecosystem. After the removal of the sea stars,
a. the ecosystem became more diverse.
b. the size of the ecosystem was reduced.
c. food webs in the ecosystem became more complex.
d. the number of species in the ecosystem was reduced.

32.The longest-held hypothesis to explain the relationship between species

richness and community stability states that communities with more species
a. contain more links between species and thus can withstand greater disturbance.
b. inhabit large land areas, which are always richer in species than small land areas.
c. recover more quickly from environmental disturbances.
d. can evolve more new species than communities Dr. Bayawith fewer species. Tel: 01009324965
education 122
33.Pioneer species
a. disperse many seeds over a large area.
b. are usually small plants.
c. are usually fast-growing.
d. All of the above

34.When two species in a community are both competing for the same limited resource and one is eliminated, it is an example of
a. commensalism.
c. a predator-prey relationship.
b. competitive exclusion.
d. resource partitioning

35.Species richness in grasses was found to improve a community’s stability. Which of the following results led to this
conclusion?
a. Species-rich grass plots that were subjected to freezing temperatures lost less
plant mass and took more time to recover than grass plots with fewer species.
b. Species-rich grass plots that were subjected to drought lost less plant mass and
took less time to recover than grass plots with fewer species.
c. Species-rich grass plots that were subjected to human habitat destruction lost
fewer plants than grass plots with fewer species.
d. All of the above

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 123

36.. In the process of succession,
a. an unchanging climax community is the final stage.
b. organisms change the environment so that it can support the growth of other species.
c. progress toward a climax community cannot be altered by further disturbances.
d. grasses are present in primary succession but absent in secondary succession.

37.Aquatic species that can tolerate a wide range of salinities would be welladapted to which of the following aquatic
environments?
a. the intertidal zone
c. estuaries
b. the neritic zone
d. eutrophic lakes

38.What are the three main types of forests?

a. taiga, boreal forest, and tropical
b. boreal forest, tundra, and tropical
c. tropical, temperate, and tundra
d. tropical, temperate, and taiga

39.Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial biome?

a. desert
b. Estuary
c. taiga
d. chaparral Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 124
40.. What are the most productive terrestrial ecosystems?
a. tropical rain forests
b. savannas
c. temperate grasslands
d. deciduous forests

41.In which oceanic zone do coral reefs form?

a. the intertidal zone
c. the aphotic zone
b. the oceanic zone
d. the neritic zone

42.Which of the following best characterizes the differences between tundra

and taiga biomes?
a. Tundra biomes are located at lower latitudes than taiga biomes.
b. Tundra biomes are warmer and have lower average annual precipitation than
taiga biomes.
c. Tundra has small, slow-growing plants with root systems limited by a layer of
permafrost, while taiga has trees adapted to cold temperatures.
d. Tundra has extremely long and cold winters, and taiga has short and warm
winters.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 125

43.Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by
a. pronounced seasons with high average annual precipitation.
b. the presence of trees that lose their leaves during the winter.
c. mild winters, moderate average annual precipitation, and broadleaved trees.
d. pronounced seasons, broad-leaved trees, and grasses being the dominant plants.

44.Orchids and bromeliads are common in tropical rain forests and are examples of non-parasitic plants known as
a. coniferous plants.
b. deciduous plants.
c. veldts.
d. epiphytes.

45.The photic zones of the oceans differ from the aphotic zones in that
a. there are living things in the photic zones but no living things in the aphotic zones.
b. the photic zones are colder than the aphotic zones.
c. the photic zones are found near the tropics, while the aphotic zones are found far from the tropics.
d. the photic zones receive sunlight, while the aphotic zones do not

46.. The greatest number of different biomes may be observed on a

a. plain.
c. beach.
b. mountain.
d. tundra.
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 126
47.Animals that live in savannas
a. must deal with long periods of drought.
b. must be able to survive cold temperatures.
c. are primarily carnivores.
d. are primarily omnivores.

48.The inorganic portion of the soil would be considered to be part of the

a. geosphere.
b. atmosphere.
c. hydrosphere.
d. biosphere.

49.The measure of biodiversity that considers the number of individuals of each species in an area is called
a. species richness.
b. species evenness.
c. genetic variation.
d. genetic distribution.

50.. Many scientists think that humans have caused an increase in the size of the ozone hole by
a. burning large quantities of fossil fuels.
b. generating a lot of carbon dioxide that has resulted in an increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide level.
c. releasing large quantities of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere.
d. All of the above
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 127
51.Which of the following measures of biodiversity takes into consideration the number of species present at a site as well as the
number of individuals of each species?
a. species evenness
c. species diversity
b. species richness
d.All of the above

52.What is the term commonly used to describe the trend shown in the graph?
a. biodiversity crisis
c. global warming
b. ozone depletion
d. water pollution

53.Habitat destruction, hunting, and introduction of invasive species are top reasons for the mass extinction of species today.
Which is the major cause of all three?
a. volcanic eruptions
b. c. global warming
c. b. human activities
d. d. secondary succession

54.Which of the following are reasons to value biodiversity.

a. development of new medicines
b. use as possible food sources
c. maintaining a healthy environment Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 128
d. All of the above
55.Whooping cranes are particularly vulnerable to extinction because
a. they are aquatic birds, and water availability in aquatic habitats varies over time.
b. they are prey to many predators along their flyways.
c. they are typically small birds and often don’t survive their migrations.
d. they require a critical habitat at intervals along their migratory route as well as
at their destinations.

56.The Florida Everglades is an unusual ecosystem in that

a. the large, slow-moving river that flows through it is linked to other vast, bodies
of water.
b. the inland water systems are composed of salt water.
c. it is home to many species of water birds.
d. it is mainly swampland.

57.Which of the following is NOT a part of the plan to restore the Everglades?
a. elimination of some of the drainage canals that were built to drain water from
the region
b. removal of melaleuca trees
c. designation of all Everglade species as endangered species
d. purchase of additional land for park protection

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 129

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 130
PART 3

LO14
ITS ANSWER
*248 QS *

131
1- What is the main significance of sustainable development?
(a) To preserve the natural resources for the needs of the future generation
(b) To exploit the available resource for rapid improvement
(c) To increase the cost of available natural resources
(d) To increase the reservoirs of natural resources

2-The most rapidly dwindling natural resource in the world is:

(a) Water
(b) Forest
(c) Wind
(d) Sunlight

3-Which of these practices will help to conserve the forest?

(a) Practice of deforestation
(b) Putting a ban on deforestation
(c) An increase in the use of firewood by local people
(d) An increase in the use of forest products by industries

4-Which of these practices can be adopted to save the environment?

(a) Refuse the use of single-use plastic bags
(b) Reduce the use of paper bags
(c) Recycle single-use bags
(d) Reuse waste food
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 132
5-Which option explains the disadvantage of using fossil fuels as energy sources?
(a) It releases harmful gases into the atmosphere when they burn
(b) It is extracted from deep inside the Earth
(c) It uses oxygen in the process of burning
(d) It is hard to transport

6-The three Rs that will help us to conserve natural resources for long-term use are:
(a) Recycle, regenerate, reuse
(b) Reduce, regenerate, reuse
(c) Reduce, reuse, redistribute
(d) Reduce, recycle, reuse

7-Which of these is an example of sustainable development in order to conserve natural resources for future generations?
(a) Cleaning water resources
(b) Finding alternate fuel reservoirs
(c) Clearing forests to set up new industries
(d) Planning for safe disposal of wastes after mining

8- Which of the following is not a natural resource?

(a) Mango tree
(b) Snake
(c) Wind
(d) Wooden house
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 133
9-In which year was the Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India?
(a) 1952
(b) 1962
(c) 1972
(d) 1982

10-Who prepared the Ganga Action Plan?

(a) Department of Pollution
(b) Department of Environment
(c) Department of River
(d) Department of Industries

11-At which of the following places are royal Bengal tigers found?
(a) Mahanadi delta
(b) Godavari delta
(c) Kaveri delta
(d) Sundarban delta

12-In which of the following states does the Ganga originate?

(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) None
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 134
13-A student studies that the construction of a water harvesting system in a region
can help conserve water. How can the construction of this system help a region?
(a) It will reduce the occurrence of droughts
(b) It will reduce the percolation of rainwater
(c) It will replenish surface water like rivers
(d) It will increase the speed of flow of surface runoff

14-Which of the following is not a natural resource?

(a) Soil
(b) Water
(c) Air
(d) Electricity

15-Which one of the following is the Biosphere Reserve of India?

(a) Gir
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Kanheri
(d) None of the above

16-When was the Ganga Action Plan launched?

(a) 1980
(b) 1982
(c) 1984
(d) 1986 Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 135
17-The pH range most conducive for the life of freshwater plants and animals is:
(a) 6.5 to 7.5
(b) 2.0 to 3.5
(c) 3.5 to 5.0
(d) 9.0 to 10.5

18-Tropical rainforests grow well in areas receiving rainfall

(a) 200 cm
(b) 150 cm
(c) 100 cm
(d) 70 cm

19-Which one of the following is an example of renewable resource ?

(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Wildlife
(d) Natural gas

20-Which one of the following is an example of nonrenewable resource?

(a) Water
(b) Vegetation
(c) Wind
(d) Coal and minerals
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 136
21-Which of the following are to be managed for sustainable development?
(a) Industries
(b) Forests
(c) Crops
(d) Resources

22-When we destroy a forest, we destroy

(a) the trees
(b) population of wildlife
(c) the environment
(d) food and shelter of wild animals

23-Which of the following community in Rajasthan has a religious tenet of conservation of forest and wildlife ?
(a) Agarwal
(b) Jaishwal
(c) Bishnoi
(d) Jain

24-Which of the following canals brought about greenery in Rajasthan ?

(a) Rajiv Gandhi Canal
(b) Indira Gandhi Canal
(c) Jawaharlal Canal
(d) Mahatma Gandhi Canal
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 137
25-Which of the following is the age old concept of water harvesting system in Madhya Pradesh ?
(a) Bundhis
(b) Ponds
(c) Bandharas
(d) Nadis

26-Surangams are the age-old concept of water harvesting in

(a) Karnataka
(b) Kerela
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Andhra Pradesh

27-Which of the following is not an use of forest ?

(a) Controls floods.
(b) Used to make paper.
(c) Causes soil erosion.
(d) Resin, gum and drugs are obtained.

28-Among the statements given below select the ones that correctly describe the concept of sustainable development [NCERT Exemplar
Problems]
(i) Planned growth with minimum damage to the environment
(ii) Growth irrespective of the extent of damage caused to the environment
(iii) Stopping all developmental work to conserve the environment
(iv) Growth that is acceptable to all the stakeholders
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv) Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 138
(d) (iii) only
29-From the list given below pick the item that is not a natural resource [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Soil
(b) Water
(c) Electricity
(d) Air

30-The main cause for abundant coliform bacteria in the river Ganga is [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) disposal of human excreta directly
(b) discharge of effluents from electroplating industries
(c) washing of clothes
(d) immersion of ashes.

31-Which statement is wrong?

(a) Forests provide variety of products
(b) Forests have greater diversity of plants
(c) Forests do not conserve soil
(d) Forests conserve

32- water Which of the following is/are called environment friendly particle (s)?
(a) Carrying cloth-bags while going to the market, for keeping purchases
(b) Switching off light and fans to avoid unnecessary consumption of energy
(c) Walking to school on foot instead of going by vehicle
(d) All of the above
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 139
33-Which one is the following is not a natural resource?
(a) Mango tree
(b) Snake
(c) Wind
(d) Wooden house

34-Our country, vast tracts of forests are cleared and a single species of plant is
cultivated. This practice promotes:
(a) Biodiversity in the area
(b) Monoculture in the area
(c) Growth of natural forest
(d) Preserves the natural ecosystem in the area

35-The green colour of plants is due to the presence of:

(a) Chlorophyll
(b) Carotene
(c) Xanthophylls
(d) All of these

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 140

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 141
1-Which of the following is TRUE about how changes can happen to the physical environment of earth? A- Changes can happen suddenly or
gradually.
B- Changes can happen suddenly but not gradually.
C- Changes can happen gradually but not suddenly.
D-Changes can happen neither gradually nor suddenly because the environment does not change.

2-What is TRUE about Ozone thinning?

A-It is caused due to reaction with CFCs only.
B-It has no effect on plants.
C-It is caused due to UV light of sun.
D-It could modify entire ecosystem over time.

3-A species lives in a particular environment. What is TRUE about the environment that the species lives in and about how the species will look
over thousands of years?
A-The environment will stay the same, and the traits of the species will stay the same.
B-There will be changes to the environment, but the traits of the species will stay the same.
C-There will be changes to the environment that could lead to changes in the traits of the species.
D-There will be changes to the environment, and the traits of the species will change, but the changes in the environment could never lead to
changes in the traits of species

4-Which of the following would be most affected by untreated sewage and chemical from factories?
A-Tertiary consumers
B-Secondary consumers
C-Primary consumers
D- Producer

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 142

5-According to the theory of natural selection, what would happen to a species of lizards when a man introduced a new predator
into the environment where the lizards live?
A-The lizards that already have the physical traits needed to avoid the new predator would be more likely to survive and
reproduce, and the ones that do not would be less likely to survive and reproduce.
B- All of the lizards would try to develop new physical traits to avoid the new predator.
C-Some of the lizards would try to develop new physical traits to avoid the new
predator, and the other lizards would die.
D-Because all lizards of the same species have the same physical traits, one lizard would not have an advantage over another
lizard. They would either all survive, or all die.

6- A careless camper starts a fire in the woods, and the fire is so hot that it sterilizes The soil. There are no bacteria or
recognizable nutrients left for organisms to use. Which of the following types of ecological succession is required?
A. Primary Succession
B. Secondary Succession
C. Cyclical Succession

7- How many types of ecological succession are there?

A. one
B. two
C. three

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 143

8-The Wild Life Protection Act was established in
a) 1952
b) 1972
c) 1980
d) 1970

9- The Provisions of Wild Life Protection Act are

a)) Prohibit killing and hunting of specified animals
b) Constitute sanctuaries, national parks, and closed areas for wildlife conservation
c) Special scheme for preservation of endangered species
d) All the above

10- Soil erosion can be prevented by

a) Afforestation
b) Deforestation
c) Over growing
d) Removal of vegetation

11- Removal of microorganisms from the sewage water is by

(a) Aeration
(b) Pre-screening
(c) UV Disinfection
(d) Sludge removal
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 144
12- Deforestation generally decreases
a) Rain fall
(b) Drought
(c) Global warming
(d) Soil erosion

13- Rain water is referred as

a) Underground water
b) Potable water
c) River water
d) None of the above

14- Water scarcity is mainly caused due to

a) Over population
(b) Low rainfall
(c) Over-exploitation
(d) Unequal access

15- Water is renewable natural resource because

a) It can be reused again
b) It is being recycled by human being
(c) It is being renewed through reduction
(d) It is renewed and recharged through hydrological cycle
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 145
16- Flood is caused mainly due to
(a) Deforestation and Overgrazing by animals
b) Mining and Rapid industrialization
c) Global warming
d) All the above

17- Which natural factor cause drought

a) Over cultivation
b) Rain failure
c) Over grazing
d) None of the above

18- _______ kilometer above the earth surface is atmosphere

a) 500 km
b) 1000 km
c) 1600 km
d) 2000 km

19- Living thing in an environment is known as

a) Abiotic elements
b) Biotic elements
c) Animals and microorganism
d) Plants

20- Which of the following is not an air pollutant

a) Smoke
b)Carbon Dioxide
c) Nitrogen Gas
d) Sulphur Dioxide

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 146

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 147
1-what fraction of carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated by the reaction of lactic acid cycle if glucose is the sole energy
source?
a-1/6
b-1/3
c-2/3
d-zero

2-Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
A-it produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation.
B-it does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most of the organs.
C-it relies on chemiosmosis, which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first cells’ prokaryotic cells.
D-it requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic.

3-Three “turns” of the Calvin cycle generate a “surplus” molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(G3P)/ which of the following is
a consequence of this?
A-Formation of a molecule of glucose would require nine “turns”
B-G3P more readily forms sucrose and other disaccharides than it does monosaccharides
C-Some plants would not taste sweet to us
D-The formation of sucrose and starch in plants involves assembling G3P
molecules with or without further rearrangements

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 148

4-A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light and seeks to shade her plants with colored
translucent plastic sheets. What color should she use to reduce overall light energy. But still maximize plant
growth?
A-green
B-blue
C-yellow
D-purple

5- A mutation in yeast makes it unable to convert pyruvate to ethanol, How will

this mutation affect these yeast cells?
A-The mutant yeast will be unable to grow anaerobically
B-The mutant yeast will grow anaerobically only when given glucose
C-The mutant yeast will be unable to metabolize glucose
D-The mutant yeast will metabolize only fatty acids

6-Even though plants carry on photosynthesis, plant cells still use their
mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate. When and where will this occur?
A-in photosynthesis cells in the light, while photosynthesis occurs concurrently
B-in non-photosynthesizing cells only
C-in all cells all the time
D-in photosynthesizing cells in the light and in other tissue in the dark

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 149

7-why is coenzyme A, a sulfur-containing molecule derived for a B vitamin added?
A-because sulfur is needed for the molecule to enter the mitochondrion
B-in order to utilize this portion of vitamin B which would otherwise be a waste product from another pathway
C-because it drives the reaction that regenerates NAD+
D-to provide a relatively unstable molecule whose acetyl portion can be readily transferred to a compound in the citric acid cycle

8-in any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic , what group(s) is (are) always necessary?
A-autotrophs and heterotrophs
B-photosynthesizers
C-autotrophs
D-green plants

9-P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?

A-it is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone(Pq) of the electron transfer system
B-it transfers its electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH
C-This molecule has a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen to obtain electrons from water
D-it has a positive charge

10-Compared to the most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as?
A-Perennial
B-Weedy
C-indeterminate
D-Derivative
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 150
11-Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell?
A- as a gas
B- as a liquid
C- covalently bond to sugars
D-coupled to ion transport

12-A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?
A-pruning shoot tips
B-deep watering of the roots
C-fertilizing
D-treating the plants with auxins

13-which of the following most damage shorelines in Egypt?

A- A massive oil spill
B- Rapidly increasing human population
C- Over hunting and sea fishing
D- Possible groundwater contamination

14-There are many ways to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, primarily shifting towards use of renewable fuels. All of
following are renewable fuels except?
A-Nuclear energy and water
B-Biomass fuel and wind
C-Solar power and groundwater
D-Geothermal energy Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 151
15-Methane, carbon dioxide and ozone are classified as:
A-Co-dominance gases
B-Dominance gases
C-greenhouse gases
D-Acidic gases

16-Which of the following is TRUE about how changes can happen to the physical environment of earth?
A-Changes can happen suddenly or gradually
B-changes can happen suddenly but not gradually
C-Changes can happen gradually but not suddenly
D-Changes can happen neither gradually nor suddenly because the environment
does not change.

17-Which of the following is REQUIRED for the process of natural selection occur without the interference of man?
A-Numerous species must have recently become extinct
B-A food source must disappear
C-There must be a sudden environmental change
D-Traits must be inherited from one generation to the next

18-How does carbon get into the soil?

A-when the plant dies
B-when the animal dies
C-when the human dies
D-All of the Above Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 152
19-which of the following is a part of an ecosystem that can die without affecting the ecosystems functionality?
A-Plant
B-Water
C-sunlight
D-None of the Above

20-For the next 100 years, atmospheric scientists predict for global temperature that?
A-it will rise by 2 Celsius which will not be obviously remarked
B-It will decrease by 2 Celsius leading to a new ice age
C-it will rise by 2 Celsius which could shift agricultural regions and disrupt ecosystems
D-it will be stable as there are no sudden factors to make a change

21-Which problem is attributed to burning of high Sulphur coal that resulting in Sulphur dioxide?
A- Green house gases leading to global warming
B- Depletion of the ozone layer
C-Production of air pollution leading to acid precipitation
D-Development of smog over heavily populated areas

22-Which of the following is TRUE about how environmental conditions have changed since the time life began on earth?
A-Conditions have remained about the same everywhere on earth with only minor changes from year to year
B-Conditions have remained the same in the oceans but have changed on land
C-Conditions have remained the same except for a few sudden changes in certain locations due to disasters, such as meteorite striking the earth
D-Conditions have changed in significant ways everywhere on earth, with some of these changes happening and other more gradually

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 153

23-Some of the individual members of a species of organism were moved to a new location that had a different environmental
conditions than their original location. According to the theory of natural selection, what could happen after many
generation to the descendants of the organisms that had been relocated?
A-The descendants would look the same as the original individuals because species do not change
B-The descendants would look different from the original individuals in some ways, and they would look the same in some ways
C-The descendants would become a completely different species that would have no similaritites to the original individuals
D-The descendants would look the same as the original individuals because the environment does not affect how species look

24-What is TRUE about environmental conditions on Egypt earth? Environmental conditions on earth have always been the same
, except for minor changes from year to year.
A-Environmental conditions on earth have always been the same except for minor changes from year to year
B-Environmental conditions on earth changed in the past, but they are not changing now
C-Environmental conditions on earth stayed the same in the past, but they are changing now
D-Environmental conditions on earth changed in the past, and they are changing now

25-Which of the following have scientists found in Egypt when they have compared extinct and existing species?
A-They have found similarities and they have found differences
B-They have found similarities, but they have not found differences
C-They have found differences, but they have not found similarities
D-There is no way to compare extinct and existing species

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 154

26-Human Activities like burning fuels and using chemicals in vehicles, homes and industries results in all of the following
pollutants except?
A-SOx
b-NOx
C-Atmospheric Ozone
D-Stratospheric Ozone

27-What is TRUE about Ozone thinning?

A-it is caused due to reaction with CFCs only
B-it has no effect on plants
C-It is caused du tot UV light of sun
D-It could modify entire ecosystem overtime

28-One of essential human activities is cultivation and intensive farming practice which may result in:
A-Destroying whole habitats and driving many species of plants and animals towards extension
B-Increasing the biodiversity of the agriculture area over time
C-Decreasing soil pollution and share in environmental balance
D-Prevent soil erosion and increase future productivity

29-Which of the following would be most affected by untreated sewage and chemical from factories?
A-Tertiary consumers
B-Secondary consumers
C-Primary consumers
D-Producers Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 155
30-A population is a group of individuals of the same species. According to the theory of natural selection, what is likely to happen to a population when a change
occurs to its environment(for example, like the amount of rainfall decreases or
temperature increases)?
A-The individuals that have traits better suited to the changed environment would be more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less suitable traits
B-All of the individuals would try to develop new traits so that they could survive and reproduce in the changed environment
C-Some of the individuals would try to develop new traits so that they could survive and reproduce and other individuals would die
D-Because all individuals of the same species have the same traits one individual would never have an advantage over another in its population. They would either all
survive or die

31-A species lives in a particular environment. What is TRUE about the environment that the species lives in and about how the species will look over thousands of
years?
A- The environment will stay the same, and the traits of the species will stay the same.
B- There will be changes to the environment, but the traits of the species will stay the same.
C-.There will be changes to the environment that could lead to changes in the traits of the species. There will be changes to the environment, and the traits of the
species
D- will change, but the changes in the environment could never lead to changes in the traits of species.

32-A population is a group of individuals of the same species. Could a population living today differ from their ancestors from many generations ago? Why or why
not?
A- Yes, they could differ after many generations because an environmental change can cause individuals in each generation to try to change some of their inherited
traits to ones that are better suited to the new environment.
B-Yes, they could differ after many generations because an environmental change can affect which inherited traits are most helpful, and therefore which individuals
are more likely to survive and reproduce.
C-yes, they could differ after many generations because an environmental change can cause individuals to use some of their inherited traits more than before and
pass down better versions of those traits to their offspring
D-No, they could not differ after many generations because all members of a
population ate the same species and therefore have the same set of inherited traits

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 156

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 157
1. The ability of an ecosystem to recover quickly and resist damage after disasters
a) Ecology
b) Environmental Science
c) Biodiversity
d) Ecosystem Resilience

2. Earth’s natural movements as it revolves around its axis

a) Carbon Cycles
b) El Nino
c) Revolutions.
d) Milankovich Cycles.

3. Milankovich cycles have a natural effect on what

a) The Climate
b) Global Warming
c) Oxygen levels
d) The tilt of the Earth

4. What is ecological resilience?

a) The ability of an ecosystem to change over time.
b) The ability of an ecosystem to respond to some kind of disturbance - a
measure of how quickly it recovers.
c) The level of balance within an ecosystem.
d) The amount of biodiversity in an ecosystem.Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 158
5. Which of the following is the most direct threat to biodiversity?
a) increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
b) the depletion of the ozone layer
c) overexploitation of selected species
d) habitat destruction

6. In immature ecosystems
a) The species diversity is high.
b) The decomposers are numerous.
c) There are many specialized niches.
d) There are few producers.
e) The food webs are simple.

7. Which of these statements correctly describes an ecosystem service?

A. Wind and water carry soil to new areas through erosion, a provisioning ecosystem service.
B. Putting air conditioning in homes is an example of a cultural ecosystem service.
C. Precipitation on hot days is a supporting ecosystem service.
D. Wetlands provide protection against storm damage and floods, a regulating ecosystem service.

8. A ecosystem has high resistance and high resilience for ecological perturbations.
The characteristic of this ecosystem is/are:
A. Constant productivity
B. Small biomass
C. High species diversity
D. Niche generalization
E. Complex food web
a) A, B, C and E
b) A, C, D and E
c) A, B, C and D
d) A, C and E
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 159
9. An ecosystem, which can be easily damaged, but can recover after some time if damaging effect stops will be having:
a) High stability and high resilience
b) Low stability and high resilience
c) High stability and low resilience
d) Low stability and low resilience

10.How can ecological resilience be measured?

a) By the amount of change an ecosystem can absorb without changing selforganized processes and structures
b) By the number of species present in an ecosystem
c) By the ability of an ecosystem to respond quickly to changes

11.Horatio is studying an abandoned farm in his community. The land of the farm once supported fields of corn, beans, and
spinach, as well as pastures for cattle and sheep. Today, the farmland is covered in a variety of grasses, shrubs, and small trees,
and is home to rabbits, gophers, and other small animals. The evidence most strongly supports which of the following
conclusions?
a. The farmland is undergoing primary succession, which eventually will restore the original climax community.
b. The farmland is undergoing secondary succession, which eventually will restore the original climax community.
c. The farmland is undergoing secondary succession, which may or may not restore the original climax community.
d. The farmland has undergone primary succession, and is now a stable climax community.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 160

12.A wildfire burns a region of a healthy grasslands ecosystem. Which climax community will MOST LIKELY arrive in the burned
region due to ecological succession?
A. a grasslands ecosystem, very similar to the original
B. a community of pioneer species, such as lichens
C. a grasslands ecosystem of plants only, without animals
D. a patchwork of grasslands, hardwood forest, and other ecosystems

13.A science experiment, equal-sized populations of two species of earthworms are placed in a terrarium filled with soil. Abiotic
factors such as temperature and water supply are kept constant in the terrarium, as is food in the form of
bread scraps. The population of each species is observed and counted each day.In agreement with the competitive exclusion
principle, what is the MOST LIKELY outcome of the experiment over time?
A. Only one population will thrive; the other population will decrease to zero.
B. Both populations will reach the same size, which is the carrying capacity of the terrarium for earthworms.
C. One population will be about twice the size of the other.
D. Both populations will reach the same size, which is about half the carrying capacity of the terrarium for earthworms.

14.Yasmine states that tapeworms are common parasites of goats. Walter claims that the relationship between a tapeworm and
goat should be classified as predator and prey. Which fact about tapeworms and goats is MOST useful for Yasmine to cite to
refute Walter's claim?
A. Tapeworms get their energy from food that they obtain from goats.
B. Tapeworms benefit from their relationship with goats.
C. Goats do not benefit from their relationship with tapeworms.
D. Tapeworms live inside a goat's body in a close relationship with the goat.
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 161
15. Ecosystems recover from disturbances in unique ways. A landscape ecologist observes in area right after a volcanic eruption. There is lava and
dust across the landscape, and all vegetation has been removed. What is this
ecosystem experiencing?
a) Secondary succession
b) primary succession
c) Pioneering succesion
d) None of these.

16.Which of the following is a method used to measure species diversity?

a) Species Wealth
b) Species Diversity
c) Species Richness
d) Species Concentration

17.The amount of any one given species relative to others in a given area is the measurement of
a. Species Evenness
b. Species Richness
c. Biodiversity
d. Ecological weight

18.Ecologists use which of the following measurements to calculate biodiversity

by looking at the number of species present and their abundance.
a) Species Richness
b) Species Evenness
c) Hardy-Weinberg Index
d) Shannon's Index
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 162
19.Which of the following is known for being a widespread invasive species?
a) Bottlenose Dolphin
b) Domestic Cattle
c) Ravens
d) Cane Toad

20.is a group of species exploits the biotic and abiotic resources in the same way.
a) Community
b) Ecads
c) Biomes
d) Guild

21.Which of the following has maximum species diversity in the world ?

a) Insects
b) Fungi
c) Angiosperms
d) Fishes

22.Invasive plants are usually characterized by:

a) Fast growth rates
b) High fruit production
c) Rapid spread
d) All of the above
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 163
23.Zebra mussels, an invasive species that is pushing local species of freshwater shellfish to
a) extinction, were introduced to the Great Lakes by:
b) Migrating Native Americans
c) Teenagers playing a prank
d) Ballast water (sea water that ships carry for stability and then discharge)
e) None of the above

24.A species introduced into an area from somewhere else is called a/an ________ species.
a) wild
b) exotic
c) natural
d) native

25.Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly?

a) Invasive Species are native to an area.
b) Invasive species are prey to many animals.
c) Invasive species have no predators.
d) Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.

26.The sea lamprey is a risk to native fish because:

a) It attaches to the body and sucks the blood from the fish.
b) It eats the alage the fish need.
c) It is ruining beaches.
d) The lamprey causes no risk to native fish. Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 164
27.A species that is not native to an area is called:
a) Native Species
b) Natural Species
c) Invasive Species
d) Symbiotic Species

28.The spiny water flea is an invasive species in the Great Lakes, why are they a problem?
a) They are eating up food and resources for native species
b) They have no natural predators
c) Native fish cannot swallow them because of their spines
d) All of these

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 165

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 166
1. What are the products of ecosystem processes named?
a) Ecological services
b) Ecological succession
e) Ecological issues
d) Ecological cycle

2. Which of the following ecosystem helps in the pollination of crops?

a) Unfit ecosystem
b) Healthy ecosystem
c) Bad ecosystem
d) Unhealthy ecosystem

3. Which of the following are ecological services?

a) O fixation, CO2 release, and pollution
b) Nitrogen fixation and pollution
c) CO, fixation, O2 release, and pollination
d) CO2 fixation, fertilization, and the release of sodium

4. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a) Forest ecosystem helps in gaseous balance
b) Forest ecosystem helps in pollination
c) Forest ecosystem leads to the extinction of all organisms
d) Forest ecosystem prevents drought and floods
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 167
5. ________ is a group of species exploits the biotic and abiotic resources in the same way.
A. Community
B. Ecads
C. Biomes
D. Guild

6. Which is/are the abiotic components of an ecosystem?

A. Soil
B. Protein
C. Carbon
D. All of the above

7. The set of ecosystems is called ______________.

A. Atmosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Biome
D. None of the above

8. Soil is eroded heavily due to deforestation; it affects the flowing of surface water badly. Which of the following is badly
affected by these causes
A. Human Resource
B. Ecological System
C. Climate
D. Local Plants Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 168
9. Global warming is expected to result in
A. Increase in sea level
B. Change in crop pattern
C. Change in coastal line
D. All of these

10.Which of the following is least likely to be an effect of global warming?

A. Increased frequency of hurricanes
B. Loss of fertile delta region as for agriculture
C. Decreased rate of photosynthesis in vegetation
D. Shrinking of the polar ice regions

11.EL-Nino is
A. Warm Ocean Current
B. Sea Storm
C. Tropical Disturbance
D. Another name of Typhoon

12.What is the biggest source of pollution in the world?

A. Sewage and Garbage
B. Automobile Laxity
C. Herbicide and Insecticide
D. Industrial Tributaries
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 169
13.The method of soil conservation in which different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to
protect the soil from rain wash is called?
A. Mulching
B. Intercropping
C. Rock dam
D. Terrace farming

14.The cause of reduction of forest coverage is

A. Agriculture
B. Manufacturing Industry
C. Rising Population
D. Tourism and Pilgrimage

15.What is the benefit of rain water storage?

A. Recharging ground water level
B. Respite from floods
C. Reduce the scarcity of water
D. Protection from soil erosion

16.Due to growing demand of which of the following product, tropical forest are being damaged the most
A. Pork
B. Sugar
C. Meat of Goat
D. Beef Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 170
17.A careless camper starts a fire in the woods, and the fire is so hot that it sterilizes the soil. There are no bacteria or
recognizable nutrients left for organisms to use. Which of the following types of ecological succession is
required?
A. Primary Succession
B. Secondary Succession
C. Cyclical Succession

18.How many types of ecological succession are there?

A. one
B. two
C. Three

19.In ecological succession, the intermediate developmental phase is known as

(a) ecesis
(b) climax
(c) nudation
(d) Sere

20. This is true about secondary succession

(a) follows primary succession
(b) takes place on a deforested site
(c) is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively slower pace
(d) begins on a bare rock
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 171
21. This about ecological succession is incorrect
(a) food chain relationships become more complex
(b) species diversity increases as succession proceeds
(c) role of decomposers becomes all the more important
(d) is a random process

22.Order of basic processes involved in succession is

(a) invasion -> stabilization -> completion and coaction -> reaction -> nudation
(b) nudation -> stabilization -> completion and coaction -> invasion -> reaction
(c) invasion -> nudation -> completion and coaction -> reaction -> stabilization
(d) nudation -> invasion -> completion and coaction -> reaction -> stabilization

23.In ecological succession, the final stable community is known as

(a) climax community
(b) ultimate community
(c) final community
(d) seral community

24.Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

A.A plant community becoming simplified with fewer species and less biomass
B.An ecosystem diversifying, supporting more species and increases in biomass
C.Plant communities are established in a lifeless environment, usually devoid of soil
D.A succession of larger plants (trees, shrubs, etc.) following the establishment of pioneer species
E.A transition from one ecosystem type to another
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 172
25.Which of the following provides the most accurate example of primary succession?
A. Lichen and grass communities establishing themselves on a recently-formed island, resulting from an uplift in the ocean bedrock
B. Seedlings establishing themselves in a heavily logged area where the seed-tree cutting method was employed
C. Coral reef and aquatic wildlife communities that have re-established themselves in regions of the South Pacific that were evacuated following
the nuclear tests conducted by the U.S. military
D. Lichens re-establish themselves on rocks and shallow soil beds following a tundra fire
E. Native grass communities forming after a wildfire burned through a meadow/woodland ecosystem

26. Which of the following is the most accurate example of secondary succession?
A. Twenty years after the Mount St. Helens eruption, small trees and grasses have begun to regrow near the top of the peak, where the eruption
occurred.
B. Following the Dust Bowl of the 1930's, prairie grasses reestablished themselves in areas had lost most of their fertile soil to wind erosion.
C. A forest fire burns down crowded understory grasses and shrubs as well as some ponderosa pine stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
D. In 1962, a volcanic eruption off the coast of Iceland resulted in a formation of a new island "Surtsey" from ocean bedrock.
E. Lichens and small spruce trees have established themselves in regions of Alaska
where glaciers once existed but have since receded.

27. Which of the following would NOT contribute significantly to primary succession?
A. Wind-carried soil particles and nutrients
B. The time-consuming process of weathering the bedrock into smaller particles
C. Feces from wildlife populations that occupy the region
D. Soil nutrients deposited by a nearby river
E. Pre-existing nitrogen-fixing plant communities

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 173

28. Which of the following is a structural change in a community and its nonliving environment over time that alters the
ecosystem?
A. Evolution
B. Mutation
C. Adaptation
D. Natural selection
E. Succession

29. Which of the following are least likely to be present during primary succession?
A. Lichen
B. Trees
C. Moss
D. Grass

30. Ecosystems recover from disturbances in unique ways. A landscape ecologist observes in area right after a volcanic eruption.
There is lava and dust across the landscape, and all vegetation has been removed. What is this ecosystem
experiencing?
A. Secondary succession
B. Primary succession
C. None of these
D. Climax succession
E. Pioneering succession

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 174

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 175
1) After an event such as a fire or a tree fall in a forest, early successional species are the first to reappear. Which is an example of early
successional species?
A. Bears
B. Shrubs
C. Gorillas
D. Grasses

2) A glacier has just receded across the landscape. As the glacier retreated, it completely decimated all standing vegetation. The landscape
recovers quickly because there are plenty of seeds left in the seed bank. What is this
an example of?
A. Primary succession
B. Secondary succession
C. Tertiary succession
D. Quaternary succession

3) What is the process by which ecosystems change gradually overtime?

A. Ecological succession
B. Climax community
C. Greenhouse effect
D. Pre-existing disturbance

4) Which of the following is diversity index?

A. Upright index
B. Inverted index
C. Bell shaped index
D. Simpson’s index
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 176
5) The ability of community return to its original state after being displaced?
A. Dispersed
B. Clumped
C. Resistance
D. Resilience

6) On an ecological time scale, the process of directional change in community composition is known as
A. Keystone species
B. Succession
C. Guild
D. Population

7) Climax community is the end point of the succession

A. True
B. False

8) Which of the following selection pressure is obtained in late succession

stage?
A. K-selection
B. R-selection
C. E-selection
D. L-selection

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 177

9) What is the entropy of the early succession community?
A. Medium
B. Low
C. High
D. Very high

10) 40. Name the succession in which development of the biotic community starts after the destruction of an existing
community?
A. Climax
B. Seral
C. Primary succession
D. Secondary succession

11) Which of the following succession processes describes the development of bare area without any form of life?
A. Clumped
B. Ecosis
C. Nudation
D. Dispersed

12) Which of the following factor is not responsible for autotrophic succession?
A. Climate
B. Soil erosion
C. Man
D. Microorganisms Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 178
13) Which statement about living things and their environment is true?
A. A seed has everything a plant needs to grow and survive.
B. A plant gets the things it needs from its environment.
C. Plants need only water from their environment to survive and grow.
D. Plants make their own food, so they do not need anything from their environment.

14) A(n) ____________ is all the living and nonliving things in a particular area that interact with one another.
A. Biome
B. Community
C. Ecosystem
D. Population

15) In an ecosystem, a group of birds eat fruit from a tree. When the birds drop the fruit on the ground, the mice eat the fruit.
Seeds are spread around the area by both the birds and mice and new trees grow. What is this an
example of?
A. Community
B. Environment
C. Organization
D. Interdependence

16) What is the largest geographic area that contains all the ecosystems on Earth called?
A. Biome B. Biosphere
C. Ecosystem D. Environment
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 179
17) Which statement is true?
A. An organism is part of a community.
B. A community is part of a population.
C. An ecosystem is made up of only organisms.
D. A biome is the biotic part of an ecosystem.

18) Which of these describes the role of striped fish in the food web shown?
a. decomposer
b. producer
c. parasite
d. Consumer

19) Which statement concerning an ecosystem is correct?

a. It involves interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
b. It must contain consumers but can exist without producers.
c. It can exist with or without a constant source of energy input.
d. It can exist on land, but it cannot exist in lakes, rivers, or oceans.

20) Which factor promotes competition between organisms in an ecosystem?

a. limited resources c. cycling of minerals
b. decomposition of organic matter d. presence of parasites

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 180

21) Bacteria that are decomposers are essential to an ecosystem because they:
a. perform photosynthesis. c. slow the spread of disease.
b. absorb solar energy. d. recycle organic matter.

22) What is the BEST description of what happens during the process of cellular respiration?
a. water is used to release energy from glucose.
b. Hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose.
c. Carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose.
d. Chemical energy is released from glucose.

23) Which statement concerning an ecosystem is correct?

a. It involves interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
b. It must contain consumers but can exist without producers.
c. It can exist with or without a constant source of energy input.
d. It can exist on land, but it cannot exist in lakes, rivers, or oceans.

24) Which factor promotes competition between organisms in an ecosystem?

a. limited resources c. cycling of minerals
b. decomposition of organic matter d. presence of parasites

25) Bacteria that are decomposers are essential to an ecosystem because they:
a. perform photosynthesis. c.slow the spread of disease.
b. absorb solar energy. d.recycle organic matter.
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 181
26) What term is defined as the interactions of living things with each other and with the abiotic factors in an environment?
a. Biome c. climate
b. Ecosystem d .habitat
27) Which of the following explains why producers are always found at the beginning of a food chain?
a. Producers convert light energy into chemical energy.
b. Producers are found in fewer numbers than consumers.
c. Consumers are eaten by a variety of producers.
d. Consumers are larger than producers.

28) What is the role of phytoplankton in a pond ecosystem?

a. Producer c. secondary consumer
b. primary consumer d. decomposer

29) Which element requires the action of bacteria in certain types of plant roots to be recycled in an ecosystem?
a. Carbon c. nitrogen
b. oxygen d. sodium

30) What would be MOST likely to happen if decomposers (bacteria and fungi) went extinct on Earth?
a. Primary consumers and producers would replace them in the ecosystem.
b. Primary consumers and producers would increase
c. Nutrients would remain in dead organisms and become unavailable to living
organisms.
d. Primary consumers would not be affected but producers would increase
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 182
31) In a natural community, all the living things that directly or indirectly affect the environment are known as
a. Producers c. Abiotic factors
b. Secondary consumers d. Biotic factors

32) Bacteria that help decompose dead organisms are important components of an ecosystem because they
a. recycle organic matter. c. absorb solar energy.
b. are involved in photosynthesis. d. slow the spread of disease.

33) Snowshoe hares consume grasses, clover plants, and twigs from a variety of trees. Based on their diet, the snowshoe hare
would be classified as
a. a producer. c. a secondary consumer.
b. a primary consumer. d. a tertiary consumer.

34) Which two factors are abiotic limiting factors that affect organisms in marine ecosystems?
a. amount of algae and wide temperature variations
b. amount of carbon dioxide and variety of producer organisms
c. amount of glucose and variety of consumer organisms
d. amount of oxygen and concentration of dissolved salts

35) Which event normally takes place after a wildfire destroys a pine forest ecosystem?
a. ecological succession, which helps reestablish the pine forest
b. hibernation of the insects in the ground
c. increased mutations in the surrounding trees
d. rapid breeding of animal species that surviveDr.the
Baya fire
education Tel: 01009324965 183
36) One possible cause of a DECREASE in the rate of photosynthesis is a reduction in the availability of
a. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen
b. glucose d. oxygen

37) A biologist is studying a freshwater ecosystem in a creek. She notes that the following are found in her study area: gravel,
plants, snails, fish. A community in this ecosystem would consist of the
a. plants and gravel c. fish, plants, and snails
b. fish, water, and snails d. water and gravel

38) In the diagram below, which organism is classified as both a primary and a secondary consumer?
a. tuna c. zooplankton
b. striped fish d. flying fish

39) The organisms found at the bottom level of an energy pyramid for most ecosystems are
a. herbivores c. producers
b. decomposers d. carnivores

40) Which of the following is NOT necessary for an ecosystem to be selfsustaining?

a. a constant source of energy
b. living systems that incorporate energy into organic molecules
c. a cycling of materials between organisms and their environment
d. an equal number of producers and consumers

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 184

41) Which list of factors relating to an ecosystem contains only abiotic factors?
a. sunlight, green plants, rainfall, consumers, oxygen
b. sunlight, climate, rainfall, minerals, gases
c. sunlight, green plants, rainfall, producers, carbon dioxide
d. sunlight, rainfall, consumers, producers, water

42) Methylene blue turns green then yellow when it is exposed to a weak acid. A small amount of methylene blue was added to a
test tube of water containing an aquatic snail. The color of the water in the tube changed from blue to green to yellow after 30
minutes. A likely explanation for this color change is that the
a. body of the snail is slightly basic
b. snail is respiring, absorbing carbon dioxide from the water
c. snail is respiring, adding carbon dioxide to the water
d. snail consumed some of the blue solution.

43) Which phrase best describes an ecosystem?

a. all the living organisms in a specific location
b. all the nonliving materials in a specific location
c. some nonliving materials passing through a living organism in a specific location
d. living organisms and nonliving materials interacting in a specific location

44) Animals that feed exclusively on herbivores are known as

a. primary consumers c. decomposers
b. secondary consumers d. producers
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 185
45) Spotted knapweed is a plant that was introduced to the United States from Europe or Asia. It spreads rapidly and is
poisonous to other plants. It has become a problem in the pastures and rangeland of the Western United
States. The Spotted knapweed, in this scenario, is an example of
a. a native species
b. an invasive species
c. a consumer
d. an indicator

46) Cyanide is a poison that prevents mitochondria from using oxygen. As a result, the mitochondria would not be able to
perform
a. eutrophication
b. photosynthesis
c. cellular respiration
d. Symbiosis

47) Water is pumped from a well and used to irrigate a piece of land. What kind of change is this?
A. A change in a biotic factor
B. A change in an abiotic factor
C. A change in a population
D. A change in a community

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 186

48) Plants get nutrients from the soil. Fungi break down dead plants and release nutrients back into the soil. Given this situation,
which of these statements is true? A. Fungi reduce the population of plants.
B. Fungi rob plants of nutrients from the soil.
C. Plants depend on fungi to release nutrients back into the soil.
D. Plants reduce fungi population by using nutrients

49) Which of the following terms includes all of the others?

A) species diversity
B) biodiversity
C) genetic diversity
D) ecosystem diversity
E) species richness

50) The Nile perch (Lates niloticus) is a good example of a(n)

A) predator that has negatively affected biodiversity in ecosystems where it has been introduced.
B) endangered endemic species.
C) recently created protein source for the highly populated regions of Africa.
D) threatened anadromous species in the Nile River watershed.
E) primary consumer and a secondary consumer

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 187

51) According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), the difference between an endangered species and a threatened one is
that
A) an endangered species is closer to extinction.
B) a threatened species is closer to extinction.
C) threatened species are endangered species outside the U.S. borders.
D) endangered species are mainly tropical.
E) only endangered species are vertebrates.

52) To better comprehend the magnitude of current extinctions, it will be necessary to

A) monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide levels more closely.
B) differentiate between plant extinction and animal extinction numbers.
C) focus on identifying more species of mammals and birds.
D) identify more of the yet unknown species of organisms on Earth.
E) use the average extinction rates of vertebrates as a baseline.

53) What is the term for a top predator that contributes to the maintenance
of species diversity among its animal prey?
A) keystone species
B) keystone mutualist
C) landscape species
D) primary consumer
E) tertiary consumer

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 188

54) Introduced species can have deleterious effects on biological
communities by
A) preying on native species.
B) competing with native species for food or light.
C) displacing native species.
D) competing with native species for space or breeding/nesting habitat.
E) A, B, C, and D

55) How might the extinction of some Pacific Island bats called ʺflying foxesʺ threaten the survival of over 75% of the tree species
in those islands?
A) The bats eat the insects that harm competitor plants.
B) The bats consume the fruit including the seeds that would be part of the treesʹ reproductive cycle.
C) The bats roost in the trees and fertilize soil around the trees with their nitrogenrich droppings.
D) The bats pollinate the trees and disperse seeds.
E) The bats pierce the fruit, which allows the seeds to germinate.

56) The greatest cause of the biodiversity crisis that includes all of the others is
A) pollution.
B) global warming.
C) habitat destruction.
D) introduced species.
E) overpopulation of humans.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 189

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 190
1. All of the following are TRUE about disasters EXCEPT
a. A disaster may be domestic or international
b. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins
c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage.
d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset

2. Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT

a. Damage to the ecological environment
b. Displacement of populations
c. Destruction of a population"s homeland
d. Sustained public attention during the recovery phase

3. Social workers skilled in crisis management work:

a. tornado or flood
b. violent events such as child abuse, domestic abuse, crime
c. psychopathology that triggers a crisis i.e. suicide attempt, drug overdose
d. car accident, life-threatening illness
e. With all of the above

4. According to the United Nations between 1992 and 2000 there were approximately ____ disasters per year throughout the world
a. 100
b. 300
c. 500
d. 800

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 191

5. According to Reza et al, the number of people who have lost their lives in the 25 largest violent events of the 20th century number:
a. Almost 1 million
b. Almost 10 million
c. Almost 100 million
d. Almost 200 million

6. Responsibility for securing the scene, preserving life and treating the wounded is the responsibility of:
a. First responders
b. Mental health professionals
c. Social workers who specialize in crisis management
d. All citizens
7. There are nine tasks in the of disaster management. All of the following are tasks of this model EXCEPT:
a. Assess secondary social problems such as health epidemics, displaced persons
b. Counsel those who have suffered trauma and bereavement
c. Control rumors, provide accurate information
d. Provide security; prevent looting, protect person and property

8. Which one of the following theories of disaster management informs organizational readiness and response in a disaster?
a. Hobfoll"s theory of Conservation of Resources
b. The problem-solving"task model
c. Structure-functional theory
d. Theory of traumatogenic forces

9. The decision to offer humanitarian aid is determined by:

a. Theories of social justice
b. Deontological reasoning
c. Teleological reasoning
d. Socio-political factors
e. All of the above.

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 192

10.Conditions for the delivery of concrete goods and services at a disaster site include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Extreme climates; hot cold, wet, etc.
b. Crowded and cramped conditions for living and working
c. Lack of privacy, threat to safety
d. A clear demarcation of being on or off duty.

11.The play all of the following roles in covering a disaster EXCEPT:

a. Shapes public sympathy by the amount and type of coverage
b. Problem-solves obstacles encountered in the delivery of relief
c. Identifies heroes
d. Attempts to assign blame related to the cause of the disaster or for failures in response

12-Which of the following would not cause a disturbance in an ecosystem?

A frog eating a fly
A forest fire
A bulldozer clearing land
A hurricane

13- Which of the following would not cause a disturbance in an ecosystem?

a) death of an organism in the food chain
b) eating so much
c) drugs dealing

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 193

14- The natural place of an organism or community is known as
1. Niche
2. Biome
3. Habitat
4. Habit

15- Which is the renewable exhaustible natural energy resource?

1. Coal
2. Petroleum
3. Kerosene
4. Biomass

16- Plants growing under direct sunlight are known as

1. Heliophytes
2. Sciophytes
3. Psamophytes
4. Dicots

17-An orchid living on a tree exhibits

1. Predator
2. Mutualism
3. Commensalism
4. Parasitism
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 194
18- Which statement is correct with respect to the food chain?
1. Every component of the food chain forms a trophic level
2. Inter-relation between different food chains is known as a food web
3. All the chains formed by nutritional relations is used to understand energy flow.
4. All of the above

19- Which of the following requires maximum energy?

1. Secondary consumer
2. Decomposer
3. Primary consumer
4. Primary producer

20- The ratio between energy flow at different points in a food chain is known
as
1. Ecological capacity
2. Ecological efficiency
3. Ecological assimilation
4. Ecological potential

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 195

1-What are the products of ecosystem processes named?
a) Ecological services
b) Ecological succession
c) Ecological issues
d) Ecological cycle

2-Which of the following ecosystem helps in the pollination of crops?

a) Unfit ecosystem
b) Healthy ecosystem
c) Bad ecosystem
d) Unhealthy ecosystem

3-Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, how much is the cost of climate regulation and habitat for wildlife?
a) 20 % each
b) 10 % each
c) 50 % each
d) 6 % each

4-………….is any positive benefits that wildlife or ecosystems provide to people

a) ecosystem services
b) biodiversity
c) renewable resources

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 196

5-How do green plants fix CO2?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Fertilization
d) Pollination

6-What is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

a) CO2
b) NH4
c) O2
d) H2

7-Which of the following statement is correct about pollination?

a) The wind is not an agent of pollination
b) Insects can’t pollinate
c) Fruit formation occurs after pollination
d) Fertilization occurs before pollination

8-Which of the following shows a one-way passage in an ecosystem?

a) Potassium
b) Carbon
c) Phosphorous
d) Free energy
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 197
9-Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a) Forest ecosystem helps in gaseous balance
b) Forest ecosystem helps in pollination
c) Forest ecosystem leads to the extinction of all organisms
d) Forest ecosystem prevents drought and floods

10-What is the base for economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services?
a) Unhealthy ecosystem
b) Healthy ecosystem
c) Bad ecosystem
d) Convergent ecosystem

11-The value of pollination services to Egypt is around

A. 5% GDP.
B. 3.3% GDP.
C. 2.5% GDP.
D. 10% GDP.

12-What was the percentage loss of flying insects seen in Germany between 1990
and 2017?
A. 50-58%
B. 35-43%
C. 75-82%
D. 25-30% Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 198
13-What was the percentage loss of flying insects seen in Germany between 1990 and 2017?
50-58%
35-43%
75-82%
25-30%

14-Which of the following is an ecosystem process on which ecosystem services depend?

Air pollution
Crop growth
Nutrient cycling
Provision of clean water

15-Which of the following is NOT a cultural service?

Recreation and tourism
Disease regulation
Aesthetic values
Spiritual and religious values

16-Which of the ecosystem services listed below is a provisioning service?

Air quality regulation
Ecotourism
Pollination
Aquaculture
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 199
13-What was the percentage loss of flying insects seen in Germany between 1990 and 2017?
50-58%
35-43%
75-82%
25-30%

14-Which of the following is an ecosystem process on which ecosystem services depend?

Air pollution
Crop growth
Nutrient cycling
Provision of clean water

15-Which of the following is NOT a cultural service?

Recreation and tourism
Disease regulation
Aesthetic values
Spiritual and religious values

16-Which of the ecosystem services listed below is a provisioning service?

Air quality regulation
Ecotourism
Pollination
Aquaculture
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 200
17-What is called for the benefits that nature provides to human beings?
a) Ecosystem services
b) Ecosystem conservation
c) Ecosystem degradation
d) Ecosystem pool

18-Why are ecosystem services important for sustainable development?

a) Due to increase in population
b) Due to decrease in population
c) Due to increase in forest area
d) Due to increase in animals

19-How might ecosystem services save our life?

a) By providing energy
b) By expanding our wealth
c) By killing organisms
d) By causing damages to ecosystem

20-Which of the following natural capital provide food production?

a) Grasslands
b) Forests
c) Wetlands
d) Croplands
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 201
21-Which of the following helps to preserve biodiversity?
a) Private forests
b) Rocks
e) Seas
d) Sediments

22-Which of the following is the important pool of carbon?

a) Air
b) Water
c) Forest
d) Land

23-Which type of forest is widely used for outdoor recreation?

a) Natural forests
b) Private forests
c) Dead forests
d) Grassland forests

24-How did ecosystem services help for pollination of crops?

a) By the help of humans
b) By animals help
c) By natural calamities
d) By self germination
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 202
25-According to Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, how many percent of ecosystem services are used unsustainably?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 80%

26-how many categories of service provide of ecosystem to humans according to Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA)?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four

27- ecosystem services are the benefits that humans freely gain from nature.
a) True
B) False

28- All of the raw materials that are extracted from an ecosystem are called EDIT
a) provisioning services
b) regulating services
c) cultural services
d)supporting services

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 203

29-Food, medicine, water, and fuel are things provided by EDIT
a) cultural services
b) supporting services
c) provisioning services
d) regulating services

30-Enjoying a day at the beach, or gaining intellectual knowledge are provided by

cultural services
supporting services
provisioning services
regulating services

31-Photosynthesis and respiration are central to which cycle?

(1) The nitrogen cycle
(2) The carbon cycle
(3) The phosphorus cycle
(4) The sulfur cycle

32-The rate of release of nutrients into the atmosphere is regulated by

1. pH and moisture
2. Temperature
3. Soil
4. All of the above
Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 204
33-The major reservoir for phosphorous is
(1) Aquifers
(2) Soil and rocks
(3) The atmosphere
(4) Clouds

34-How could human activities affect the carbon cycle?

1. By rapid forestation
2. By massive burning of fossil fuel for energy and transport
3. By forest fire
4. More than one of the options given above are correct

35-Where do we find reservoir for sedimentary type nutrient cycling?

1. Land
2. Sea
3. Earth's crust
4. Atmosphere

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 205

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 206
 ‫‪CBSE‬‬
‫‪holt biology‬‬
‫‪NEET‬‬
‫‪Brainly‬‬

‫بنمتىن ليمك التوفيق ولو ف حاجه حمتاجيهنا‬

‫تقدروا توصلوىل عىل جروب أوىل للمناقشة‬
‫‪Dr. Baya education‬‬ ‫والس ئةل‬
‫‪Tel: 01009324965‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬
 You can find us for more (courses)
• Telegram channel for STEMers
https://t.me/Baya_seed_stemers

Phone number (what’sapp for the doctor)

01009324965

Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrO_OheVxRXJXF_X1MjjT8Q

Dr. Baya education Tel: 01009324965 208