TERM 2 - 2023

PHYSICS – PAPER ONE (232/1)

FORM FOUR (4)
MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. Explain the meaning of ‘geometrical optics’ as a branch of physics (1 mark)

The study of the behavior of light as it traverses through various media ;

2. The figure below shows a section of a micrometer screw gauge with a thimble scale of 50
divisions. When the spindle is in contact with the anvil, the device reads 0.25mm. The screw
gauge is used to measure the diameter of a spherical ball and the scale reading is as shown below.
State the actual diameter of the ball. (2 marks)
𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟐. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝒎𝒎 ;

Actual diameter = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏𝒎𝒎

;
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

Figure 1

3. Alcohol in glass thermometer cannot be used when boiling water is used in an experiment.
Explain. (1mark)
Alcohol has a lower boiling temperature (point) than temperature of boiling water ;

4. Explain briefly how the temperature in a green house is kept higher than outside. (2 marks)
Objects in the green house absorb heat energy of the incident radiation; hence
emitted radiation has lower energy which cannot penetrate through the glass roof
so the temperature within the green house is increased ;

5. A wooden bench feels neither warm nor cold when touched by bare hands. Explain this
observation. (2 marks)
Wood is a poor conductor of heat; hence cannot conduct heat into or away the body ;

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 6. The reading on a mercury barometer at Mombasa is 760mm. Calculate the pressure at Mombasa
in N/m2 (density of mercury = 1.36 x 104 Kg/m3) (2 marks)

𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 = 𝒉𝝆𝒈 ;

𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 × 𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑, 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝑵𝒎−𝟐 ;

7. The diagram shown in figure 2 below is an arrangement of three pulley wheels used to help in
lifting loads. The system has a velocity ratio of 3. Complete the diagram to show the threading of
the rope and the position of effort, load (3 marks)

Threading ;
Labelling load and effort ;
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

Figure 2

8. State the meaning of the term ‘radian’ as a unit of measurement (1 mark)

The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc length equal to the radius of the
circle ;

9. A stone of volume 800 cm3 experiences an upthrust force of 6.5 N when fully immersed in a
liquid. Determine the density of the liquid. (2 marks)

𝒖𝒑𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒕 = 𝑽𝝆𝒈

Page | 1
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 𝟔. 𝟓 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 × 𝝆 × 𝟏𝟎 ;

𝟔.𝟓
Hence: 𝝆 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ×𝟏𝟎 = 𝟖𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝒌𝒈𝒎−𝟑 ;

10. Figure 3 shows air flowing through a pipe of different cross-sectional areas. Two pipes A and B
are dipped into water.

Figure 3
Explain the cause of the difference in the levels of water in the pipes A and B. (2 marks)
Air moves faster above tube B than above tube A casing lower pressure above tube
B; the higher atmospheric pressure therefore makes level of water to rise higher in B
than in A;

11. A balloon is filled with hydrogen gas and then released into the air. The balloon is observed to
expand as the balloon rises. Explain why it expands. (2 marks)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

Atmospheric pressure decreases with increase in height; volume must therefore

increase (expansion) since pressure is inversely proportional to volume according to
Boyle’s law;

12. The figure 4 below shows a ball being whirled in a vertical plane. Mark on the same figure, as A,
the position where the string is likely to snap if the angular velocity of the ball is increased.
Explain your answer. (2 marks)

Page | 2
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 Figure 4
13. A uniform metre-rule balances at the 30cm mark when a mass of 500g is placed at the 25cm
mark as shown in the figure 5 below. (not drawn to scale).

Figure 5
Determine the mass of the meter-rule (3 marks)
𝒖𝒑𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒕 = 𝑽𝝆𝒈 ;
𝟔. 𝟓 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 × 𝝆 × 𝟏𝟎 ;
𝟔.𝟓
𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 , 𝝆 = = 𝟖𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝒌𝒈𝒎−𝟑 ;
𝟖𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ×𝟏𝟎
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

SECTION B (55 MARKS)

14. The diagram below shows a spring balance tied to an object of mass 500g and rotated in a
circular path of radius 50 cm.

Page | 3
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 Figure 6

a) State the source of force that keeps the object moving in a circular path. (1mark)
Tension in the string ;

b) The speed of the object is constant but the body is accelerating on the circular path. Explain
(1 mark)
The change in direction of the velocity with time constitutes the acceleration of the
body ;
c)
i. If the object is whirled faster, what would happen to the spring balance reading? (1
mark)
The reading increases ;

ii. Give a reason for your answer in, c (i) above (2

marks)
Centripetal force increases with increase in angular velocity according to the
relation:
𝑭𝒄 = 𝒎𝒓𝝎𝟐 , hence more tension would be required to keep the object in circular
motion.
d) If the spring balance reads 81N. Determine:
i. the linear velocity, v of the body (3 marks)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

𝒎𝑽𝟐 𝟎.𝟓×𝑽𝟐
𝑭𝒄 = ; → 𝟖𝟏 = ;
𝒓 𝟎.𝟓

Therefore, V = 9m/s ;

ii. centripetal acceleration of the body (3

marks)
𝒗 𝟗
𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝝎 = 𝒓 = 𝟎.𝟓 = 𝟏𝟖𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒔−𝟏 ;

𝒂𝒄 = 𝒓𝝎𝟐 ; = 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒔−𝟐 ;

Page | 4
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 e) State the purpose of banking roads at bends (1 mark)
Banking increases the centripetal force so that vehicles can negotiate bends at
relatively higher speed ;

15.
a) State the law of flotation (1 mark)
A floating body displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it floats;

b) Figure 7 below shows a test-tube whose cross-sectional area is 2cm2 partially filled with lead
shot floating vertically in water.

Figure 7
Determine the:
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

i. Volume of water displaced (2 marks)

𝑽 = 𝑨𝒉 → 𝟐 × 𝟓 =; 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟑 ;

ii. Weight of displaced water (3 marks)

𝑾 = 𝒗𝝆𝒈; = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎;

= 𝟎. 𝟏𝑵;

c) State the combined weight of the test-tube and the lead-shot (1 mark)
0.1 N ;

Page | 5
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 d) Determine the length of the test-tube that would be submerged if a liquid of density 0.8g/cm3
is used. (3 marks)
𝑼 = 𝒗𝝆𝒈

→ 𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 × 𝒍 × 𝟖𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 ;;

𝟎.𝟏
𝒍 = 𝟐×𝟏𝟎−𝟒 ×𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒎 ;

e) The set-up in figure 7 may be used as a hydrometer. Suggest any one change that can be
made so that it measures small differences in densities of liquids (1 mark)

Using a narrower test-tube ;

16.
a) Define the following terms as used in machines:
i. Efficiency (1 mark)

The ratio of work out put to work in put (expressed as a percentage);

ii. Velocity ratio (1 mark)

The ratio of distance moved by effort to distance moved by the load ;
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

b) The figure below shows a 200g mass placed on a frictionless surface and attached to a spring.

Page | 6
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 Figure 8
The spring is compressed then released. If the elastic potential energy of the compressed
spring is 2.7×10-2J, determine the maximum speed with which the block moves after it is
released. (3 marks)

Potential energy of spring = kinetic energy gained by the body ;

𝟏
𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟐 × 𝒗𝟐 ;

𝟐×𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟕
Therefore, 𝒗 = √ =0.5196 m/s ;
𝟎.𝟐

c) A spherical ball is released vertically from a height, h. Sketch on a diagram to show the
forces acting on the ball just after it is released. (3 marks)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

d) Sketch a graph of potential energy against kinetic energy as the ball falls to the ground
(2 marks)

Page | 7
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 e) State two ways in which an inclined plane can be made to reduce the applied effort when
pulling a load along the plane (2 marks)
• Smaller angle of inclination ;
• Greasing the surface ;

17.
a) State what is meant by an ideal gas (1 mark)
A gas that obeys all the gas laws ;
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

b) The pressure acting in a gas in a container was changed steadily while the temperature of the
gas was maintained constant. The value of volume V of the gas measured various values of
pressure. The graph in the figure 9 shows the relation between the pressure P and the
reciprocal of volume, V-1.

Page | 8
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 Figure 9
i. Identify the gas law being verified by the above graph (1 mark)
Boyle’s law ;
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

ii. Given that the relation between the pressure P and the value, V of the gas is given by the
equation: PV = k, where k is a constant, use the graph to determine the value of k
(3 marks)

K is the gradient of the graph ;

(𝟒−𝟐)×𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 = (𝟒−𝟐)×𝟏𝟎𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟏 Pa.m3 ;;

c) A gas occupies a volume of 4000 litres at a temperature of 37°C and normal atmosphere
pressure. Determine the new volume of the gas if it is heated at constant pressure to a
temperature of 67°C (normal atmosphere pressure P = 1.01 x 105pa) (3 marks)
𝑽𝟏 𝑽
= 𝑻𝟐 ;
𝑻𝟏 𝟐

Page | 9
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑽𝟐 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟑𝟒𝟎
= ; → 𝑽𝟐 = = 𝟒𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟎𝟗 litres;
𝟑𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟏𝟎

d) State two limitations of gas laws (2 marks)

• Size of molecules and intermolecular forces are negligible ;
• Real gas is liquefied before zero volume is reached ;

18.
a) State the principle of transmission of pressure (1 mark)
Pressure applied at one point of an enclosed liquid is transmitted equally to other parts
of the enclosed liquid. ;

b) The diagram below shows a U-tube filled with two liquids X and Y.

Figure 10
If the density of liquid Y is 1.26 g cm–3, determine the density of liquid X. (3 marks)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

𝟎. 𝟐 × 𝝆 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 ;;

𝟎.𝟏𝟔×𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎×𝟏𝟎
𝝆= = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟖𝒌𝒈𝒎−𝟑 ;
𝟎.𝟐×𝟏𝟎

c) The figure 11 below shows water getting in and out of a pipe.

Page | 10
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 Figure 11

If the water in the pipe is flowing continuously and has a streamline flow:
i. Show on the diagram the relative level of water in tubes A, B and C (1 mark)

ii. Explain your answer above (1 mark)

Speed of the water is highest below the tube, B followed by C and lastly below tube,
A hence pressure will inversely vary accordingly ;

d) A strong wind lifted off the roof of a classroom. Explain how this could happen (2 marks)
Fast moving wind above the roof reduces pressure there; higher pressure from below
the roof creates a force which lifts the roof;

e) The speed of air at the upper part of an airplane wing is 120m/s and the lower side is 100m/s.
The area of the airplane wing is 12m2. Calculate the pressure difference on the wings
(2 marks)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

𝟏
𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝑷 = 𝟐 𝝆(𝑽𝟏 − 𝑽𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝟐
; or substitution
𝟏
𝑷 = 𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓(𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟎𝑷𝒂 ;

This is the last printed page

Page | 11
For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 TERM 2 - 2023
PHYSICS THEORY – PAPER 2 (232/2)
FORM FOUR (1)
Time - 2 Hours
MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: 25 MARKS

1. The figure below shows a ray of light incident on a plane mirror at an angle of 65o to the
surface of the first mirror as shown below.

Sketch the path of the ray until it emerges and state the angles. (3 marks)

650

1 580

1
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

2. State the reason why an increase in leaf divergence is the only sure way of determining
whether an object is negatively charged using a negatively charged electroscope.
(1 mark)

Increase in divergence only occurs only occurs when like charges repel each other.✓
3. State two measurements that should be taken for one to decide whether a lead acid
accumulator is due for charging.
(2 marks)
-Relative density of the acid.✓
-Potential difference across the terminals of the battery✓
4. (a) State the basic law of magnetism. (1mark)
-Like poles repel, while unlike poles attract.✓

(b) The figure below shows how magnets are stored in pairs with keepers at the ends.

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 N S
Keeper Keeper
Bar magnets
S N
Explain how this method of storing helps in retaining magnetism longer. (2 marks)

The keepers acquire polarities so that the dipoles in the magnet and the keepers form complete
loops. ✓The dipoles thus retain their orientation and magnetism is maintained.✓

5. Why is a convex mirror better than plane mirror when used as a driving mirror? (1 mark)
Convex mirrors give a wider field of view.✓

6. You are provided with the following apparatus: connecting wires, a soft iron rod, a battery of 3
cells, a switch, a long-insulated copper wire and a rheostat.
(a) Using a suitable diagram, show how an electromagnet can be made with the given apparatus.
(1mark)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

(b) State two ways by which the strength of an electromagnet can be increased. (2
marks)
By increasing the amount of current. ✓
By increasing the number of turns on the solenoid.✓

7. (a) Distinguish between a transverse and a longitudinal wave. (1 mark)

For a transverse wave, particles of matter vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of the wave
motion while for a longitudinal wave, the particles of matter vibrate along the direction of the
wave motion✓

Page 2 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 (b) Determine the frequency of the wave shown below. (2 marks)

Displacement (m) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Time(s)

𝑇 = 2.0 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠✓
1 1
𝑓= = = 0.5𝐻𝑧✓
𝑇 2

8. When a germanium crystal is doped with arsenic it becomes an N-type semi-conductor.

Explain how this change occurs.
(Number of electrons in the outermost shell for germanium=4, arsenic=5) (2 marks)
4 electrons from arsenic bond covalently ✓with germanium leaving a free electron that is
responsible for conductivity.✓

9. A nuclide X with mass number 234 and atomic number 92 decays to nuclide Y with mass
number 218 and atomic number 84. Determine the number of alpha particles emitted. (2 marks)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

10. State how the intensity of x-rays in an x-ray tube can be increased. (1 mark)
Increasing the potential difference across the heater filament.✓

11. The figure below shows part of the lighting circuit in a house.
Page 3 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 State two errors in the wiring circuit. (2 marks)
- The fuse is connected to the neutral instead of the live wire✓
- The switch is connected to the neutral wire instead of the live wire✓

12. Calculate the energy of photons associated with radiation of frequency 4.8 × 1014 Hz, stating
your answer in 𝑒𝑉 . (3
marks)

𝐸 = ℎ𝑓✓
(6.63 × 10−34 ) × (4.8 × 1014 ) = 3.18 × 10−19 𝐽✓
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 (3.18×10−19 )
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑉 = = = 1.9875𝑒𝑉✓
1.6×10−19 (1.6×10−19 )
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

SECTION B. (55 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section

Page 4 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 13. a) State Lenz’s law. (1 mark)
Lenz’s law states that the direction of the induced current is always such as to oppose the
change producing it.✓
b) A magnet is driven into a coil such that the direction of flow of current in the coil.
Is as shown in the diagram below. Indicate on the diagram the polarity of the magnet, and the
direction in which it is driven into the coil. (2 marks)

c) Electrical energy is transmitted at very high voltages and low current.

I. Describe how the high voltages are attained. (1 mark)
By stepping up the low voltage input to high voltage output for transmission.✓

II. State two reasons why thick aluminium wires are preferred to copper wires for
transmission over long distances. (2 marks)

-They are lighter in weight than copper✓

-They are cheaper than copper✓
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

-They are better conductors of electricity than copper✓

- They are durable/last longer than copper✓

d) A student has some colored bulbs rated 60W, 240V to be connected for decorations.
I. State the number of such bulbs that can be connected normally to a 240V supply
through a 5A fuse.
(2 marks)
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 240𝑉 × 5𝐴 = 1200𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠✓
1200𝑤
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠 = 60𝑤 =20bulbs✓

II. If the cost of electric energy is ksh.3.00 per kWh, determine the cost of running the bulb in
(d) I above for 5hours daily for 20days. (3
marks)

Page 5 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 60𝑤 × 5ℎ𝑟𝑠 × 20𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 6000𝑤ℎ𝑟 = 6𝑘𝑤ℎ𝑟✓✓
6𝑘𝑤ℎ𝑟 × 3 = 𝑘𝑠ℎ 18✓

14. (a) State Ohms law. (1 mark)

The current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to potential difference a cross it
provided temperature and other physical condition are kept constant. 1

b) The cell in the figure below has an e.m.f of 2.5V and negligible internal resistance.

Determine the
(i) Total resistance in the circuit. (2 marks)
𝑅 𝑥𝑅
RT = R1 + ( 𝑅2 + 𝑅 3)
2 3

20 𝑥 30
= 10 + ( 20+30 ) 1
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

= 22Ω1
(ii) Current in the circuit. (2 marks)

V = IR 2.5V = I x 22Ω
I = 0.113636 A 1
(iii) Reading on the voltmeter. (2 marks)

V = IR
V = 0.113636 x 10 1= 1.13636V1

c) Three resistors of resistance 2.0Ω, 4.0Ω and 6.0Ω are connected together in a circuit.

Page 6 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 Show the combination which gives;
(i) Effective resistance of 3.0Ω. (1 mark)

2Ω 4Ω
(ii) M
inim
um
resist
6Ω
ance.

(1 mark)
When are arrange in parallel so that the effective resistance is 0.9167Ω1
d) Define electrical resistance and name the S.I. unit. (2 marks)
It is the opposition offered by a device to the flow of current 1 and the SI unit is Ohm1
15.(a) State any two uses of echoes. (2 marks)
a) In the ship to determine the depth of the sea. ✓
b) In under water exploration of gas and oil.✓
c) In fishing boats with pulse echo equipment to locate shoals of fish.✓
d) In special types of spectacles used by the blind people to tell how far objects are ahead of
them.✓
e) By bats to detect the presence of obstacles in their flight path✓

(b) Water waves are observed as they pass a fixed point at a rate of 30crests per minute. A
particular wave crest takes 2s to travel between two fixed points 6m apart. Determine for the
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

wave:
(i) The frequency.
(3marks)
30 crests per minute; Frequency = 30/60 1= 0.5Hz1

(ii) The wavelength. (2 marks)

Velocity = distance/time=6m/2s= 3m/s 
V = f λ,  3 = 0.5 x λ, λ = 6m1

Page 7 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 (c) The figure below shows two loud speakers L1 and L2 connected to a signal generator.

L1

0 C

L2

(i) Why are the speakers connected to the signal generator? (1 mark)

So as to produced two identical sound signal. 1

Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

(ii) An observer walks along XY. State what is observed and give reason for the observation.
(2 marks)

An alternate region of loud and soft sound is heard. 1This is because of constructive
and destructive interference of the two sound produced. 1

(iii) Another observer walks along OC. State what he observed. (1 mark)
He will hear a loud sound throughout the path. 1

(iii) What is the effect on the observation if the frequency of the signal is increased? (1
mark)

The distance between the fringes will reduced or there will be no region of constructive
or destructive interferences1

Page 8 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 16.a) State the use of the eye piece lens in a compound microscope. (1 mark)
Acts as a magnifying glass.✓
Produces a magnified virtual image of the real image formed by the objective lens✓
b) Figure shows a defect of vision in a human eye

(i) State the type of defect shown. (1 mark)

Longsightedness/Hypermetropia✓

(ii) Identify one cause of this defect. ( 1 mark)

Too long focal length of the eye✓ • Too short eyeball✓

(iii) State the type of lens that can be used to correct this defect. ( 1 mark)
It is corrected by using converging lense
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

Page 9 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 c) Figure 11 shows a graph of image distance (V) against the object distance (U) obtained in
an experiment to determine the focal length of a concave mirror

(i) Identify and mark a point X on the graph where V = U.

(ii) Use the point X to determine:

i. The radius of curvature r. (1 mark)
𝑶𝒃𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒂𝒕 𝑪 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑰, 𝒂𝒕 𝑪 𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑼 = 𝑽 = 𝒓
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

𝒓 = 𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎

ii. The focal length of the lens f. (2 marks)

𝑟 20
𝑓= = = 10𝑐𝑚
2 2

Page 10 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 d) On the space provided, draw a ray diagram to show how a convex lens forms a magnified
real image. (3 marks)

17. (a) It is observed that alpha (α) particles have a lower penetrating power than beta (β)
particles. Explain this observation. (2 marks)
Alpha particles have lower penetrating power because they are heavier and slower than beta
particles ✓
(b) A radioactive substance has a half-life of 12 years. Determine the time it would take to
decay to 12.5% of its original value.
(2 marks)
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

𝐼𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑠 3 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑜 12.5%✓

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒 × 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 = 3 × 12 = 36𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟✓

(c) A Geiger Müller (GM) tube is used for detecting radiations from a radioactive source
State the function of
I. The mica windows. (1 mark)
The thin mica window allows passage of radiations these radiations ionizes the argon gas
inside the tube✓

II. Bromine gas in the tube. (1 mark)

Page 11 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/
 -The presence of small amount of bromine in the tube is to help absorbing the kinetic energy
of the positive ions to reduce further ionization and enhance quick return to normal.
or
- Bromine gas acts as a quenching agent.✓
(d) In a diffusion chamber, explain why some of the tracks formed are observed to
I. Short. (2 marks)
Alpha particles cause heavy ionization, rapidly losing energy, hence their short range.
II. Straight. (2 marks)
They are massive and their path cannot therefore be changed by air molecules
(e) State two advantages of using a GM tube instead of a diffusion cloud chamber to detect
radiations from radioactive substances (2 marks)
GM is easily portable than a cloud chamber. ✓GM is more sensitive. GM tube detects
radiation at very low intensity while cloud chamber cannot detect radiation at very low
intensity.✓
Download this and other FREE materials from https://teacher.co.ke/notes

#END#

Page 12 of 12

For more FREE CBC/KCPE/KCSE Mocks, Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https://Teacher.co.ke/notes/