Process Output

Input

1. Keyboards
2. Mouse
3. Touch or track pad
4. Controllers and joysticks
 a. Monitors
b. Speakers
c. Printers (inkjet, laser, 3D)
d. Projectors

Output
Monitor, Projector
Input
Monitor, trackpad

Output Printer

Input Barcode scanner

1. Touch screen devices

2. Storage devices
 Gaming computers may include more RAM.
Gaming computers may have a larger screen and speakers.
An office computer may be smaller.

1 2

2 3

3 6

4 4

5 7

6 5

7 1
 Power supply: Converts mains electricity to a suitable level for the computer.
prevents the CPU from overheating.

RAM
ROM

CPU fan Motherboard

CPU

Ports
Hard drive

Power Supply
 human

computer translator convert

A low-level language can be understood directly by a computer.

A translator must convert a high-level language to a low-level language.

It is a website designed to visually show the process of a modern computer,

including the CPU, RAM, inputs, and outputs.
Much easier to learn and understand
Can be difficult to choose one.

Requires little translation.

Lots of different variations between processors.
 Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Complex Instruction Set Computer

rules hardware system

manufacturers architecture.

• Laptops

• Tablets

• Smartphones

Computers

Calculators

Stereo systems
 Basic input/output system

It holds the sequence of commands for successfully starting up, or booting, a computer system
ROM describes a programmable chip within a computer system that can store
important information.

RAM
ROM

Commands in a printer
Microwave to store controls
Random access memory

Random access memory is the short-term memory of any computer system,

storing current instructions and calculations.

Instructions are being carried out by the CPU

Current instructions and data being processed by the CPU is held in RAM.

Running multiple web pages

Streaming music or video
Checking emails
See if any particular application is using lots of RAM and close or remove it.
At this point the operating system will create additional ‘virtual’ memory to support the RAM.

Part of the hard drive that is not being used is designated at temporary RAM.

Non-essential RAM data is transferred to this virtual memory on the hard drive.

This frees up normal RAM and the computer functions normally

Virtual memory is free, providing there is space on hard drive.
Allows more processes to continue.

Read/write access is slower to a hard drive than to RAM directly.

The more virtual memory is used, the smaller the hard drive space.

How many applications are being run at the same time, can any be closed?
If memory issues are a common problem, can more RAM be installed?
Look through the installed programs list, can any be removed that aren’t being used.
 Storing operating systems and applications
Storing users’ files and documents
A location for CPU calculations and application processes

Optical disc
Magnetic drive
Solid state drive

RAM
ROM
HARD DRIVE

speed
CPU hard drive

RAM upgraded
A laptop on the move The tasks described are An external drive
works best with a not very RAM intensive but to back up
solid-state drive. at least 8GB is
recommended to prevent work in case the
2TB will probably be any slowdowns in the laptop is lost is
enough. future. recommended.

Due to the size needed,a 32GB of RAM would be a cloud based systemis
magnetic drive of around suitable. recommended for
8TB is recommended. collaborating.
A solid-state drive of
this size would bevery
expensive.
Volatile: any data stored on a volatile chip will disappear once the power is removed, when the poweris

returned it will be empty.

• RAM is volatile.

• Non-volatile: data is permanently stored until it is purposely removed or edited, even if the power is

removed.

• ROM is non-volatile.

• BIOS stands for basic input/output system.

• It holds the sequence of commands for successfully starting up, or booting, a

computer system.

• These commands are held in a ROM chip and can be accessed as the computer starts
 browser
1989 internet
agreed content
servers

Text
Images
Videos
Audios

Head

Page title
Page Formatting
Body

Page Content
1 8

2 4

3 3

4 1

5 6

6 7

7 2

8 5
Creates the header area, where the title is stored.

The main content area of the page.

 Specifies heading style 1 of 6. Heading 1 is the largest.
Creates a new paragraph.

Creates a bullet point list.

HTML5 is the most recent of version of HTML.

It includes functionality for multiple size devices, online video, audio and animation.
LIBRARY WEBSITE

LIBRARY

files images
 Lab work

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> WEBSITE </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>WELCOME TO LIBRARY </H1>
<h2> Following Books are available </h2>
<ul>
<li>Book 1</li>
<li>Book 2</li>
</ul>
</body>
 It is a working document that contains links and interactive elements.

It can be seen by an audience

Incorrect syntax, using an incorrect symbol.

File and folder names not matching their reference in the code.

Missing the .html file extension when creating the file in a text editor.

Poorly formatted text using lots of <br> tags, rather than <p> paragraphs.

Code checking is looking for coding errors.

Proofreading is making sure the content, text and images are accurate and sensibly laid out.

Content

Functionality

Navigation

Usability

Accuracy
Test Description Expected Result Changes Required

</ul>
 (WYSIWYG) stands for What You See Is What You Get

WYSIWYG is designed so the user can create a website on screen and see
straight away how it will look, rather than previewing code within a browser.

1. Drag and drop graphics and images, in the same style of desktop publishing
software.
2. Live previews, the ability to see how the page will look within using a browser.
3. The ability to link to existing online sources, video, and audio.

If WYSIWYG software is used, the website is locally created on a computer and then
tested in a browser.
• Builders such as WordPress are normally web-based, so websites are created
within the browser without additional software.
• No coding experience required • Difficult to make small
• Visual errors can be quickly tweaks as changes often site-
spotted wide
• No need to preview in a separate • Limited choice of themes
browser • Graphical glitches on some
• Compatibility for different browsers difficult to edit
devices is often included • Auto-generated HTML is
often much longer than

• Users are not just using desktop computers and laptops.

• Users are viewing sites on smartphones and tablets.
• The page needs to adapt to the device to be user-friendly.
• Responsive: the site changes to suit the device
• Adaptive: includes multiple versions of the same site for different devices.
 1. What is the purpose of the site? What is it about?
2. Who is the target audience? What are their interests?

Many websites follow similar layout that have become familiar to users.
• Simple layouts work well with different devices.
A network is the connection, either wired or wirelessly, of two or
more computer devices that can communicate and share data
between them.

1. Games consoles connected for online gaming

2. Smart televisions, streaming films, and television.
3. Bluetooth speakers and headsets

a) Laptops
b) Smartphones
c) Smartwatches
Local Area Network:
Advantages: Allows collaborative working in an office or school. Allows a single
Wi-Fi connection to be shared.
Disadvantages: Limited to one location. If the internet fails, it impacts all devices

• Being on holiday and wanting to check emails on a laptop OR

• Sharing an Internet connection in a car.
It is the arrangement of network compatible devices in a single
network.

Laptop to smartphone
Allows communication to be made between any two points.
Allows communication to be made between any two points.
 • Creating a mobile hotspot.
• Accessing a router at home

• Files can be shared easily.

• Printer can be shared

• Devices and cables can be expensive

• A computer virus can quickly be spread

• Ideal for large organization

• Requires technical expertise to setup

• Ideal working on the move

• Devices can be more expensive
Very simple to create Limited to two devices

Only require a single cable Whole connection fails if

cable fails

Easy to add more devices Can be difficult to find fault

If device fails, star will If central device fails, the

continue to work whole network stop

The network can be Difficult to setup and

expanded without drop in maintain
performance
 1. What type of network, LAN or WAN is most appropriate?
2. What type of layout or topology should be used?

• Local Area A router at the centre of the

Network network can supply a
(LAN) wireless signal for the
• Star visiting friends and around
network the home.

A small family uses multiple LAN and star A router at the center
services of home. They have tablet, network of the network can
smart TV and mobile supply a wireless signal
around the home.
 A LAN network with wired
• Wide Area and wireless connection
Network can be created at each
(WAN) store and at the head
• Star office. Each can be
network connected using router as
WAN, sharing files and
allowing internet access.

A hospital needs to be in communication WAN star WAN network with wired and
with other clinics in the same city to network wireless connection can be
share files of their patients. Each device created at each clinic and
also needs internet access. connected to shared data as a
part of work

• How might the network grow in future?

• Will new user be added?
 • No cost if you don’t like it
• Lacking the functionality of software

• Free to use and modify

• Criminals can take advantage of it and create versions wit
viruses

3. Created to be free from errors when purchased

4. Normally cannot be exchanged or sold once used

1. Linux
2. Paint.net
3. Apache open Office
• How much money can be spent?
• How many computers will it be installed on?
• Is technical support important?

• In the past software was bought on physical floppy discs or CD-

ROMs, now the majority of software is downloaded from the internet.
Perpetual and non-perpetual licence: Perpetual lasts forever but a non-
perpetual licence lasts only as long as the fee is being paid.

Work station and site licence: Workstation is linked to one specific computer,
but site is for any computer within the organization.

• Can access large library / Library is constantly updated

• Limited to Internet access / Access removed if payment stopped
Remote working, also known as home working, is the process of working away from
an organization’s normal place of business.

• reliable internet connection

• A desktop computer or a laptop
• A web cam, microphone and speakers for video calls.

• Employer’s reduction in office • People can feel unrewarded or

space and equipment costs. disconnected from their employers
• New home-based jobs have been and work colleagues.
created, especially in relation to • A working hour, receivable emails
computer science’ and calls at unsociable hours.
• Employees can hire new • Increase home bills for energy,
employees from around the world. equipment and Internet connection

If the role involves physical or interpersonal interactivity then it is difficult to do this

remotely or from home.
• Should workers be expected to work extra hours and respond to emails day and night?
• If equipment or the internet fails, whose responsibility is it?
• Is it acceptable for employers to install software that monitors whether an employee is
working or not?

infrastructure reliable
laptop
job
access
Illegal: any action that goes against the legal rules defined by law.
Unethical: going against the moral rules of right and wrong agreed by any society.

Many people can’t afford expensive Where are these files taken from
streaming services OR
OR
Much of the content may be old or
Viruses can be spread
difficult to find legally
 Taking clips for such a The original creator
non-personal use might also not want
would break their work associated
copyright. with the video or any
political cause.

A group of friends thinks It breaks copyright law These types of sites

about using a free as the creator will not are illegal to operate.
download site for movies be paid.
to save money

Sharing content with a friend.

Cybercrime describes any sort of crime or criminal activity that is carried out
using a computer

1. A reliable fast internet connection

2. Remote working portable device
3. Ability to create and edit websites
Emailing a family, pretending to be their credit card company. It A hospital has lots of computers around the building and some have had
claims there has been suspicious activity on the card and they their security settings updated. They received emails that contained links to
should click the secure link to urgently check their account. The a ransomware program that locked it and all other machines on the same
network. They could not be unlocked until a ransom payment is paid or an
link is fake, and their login details are stolen. expert removes it.

Users receive messages claiming a website provides an easy Wanting to see what the dark web is about young users explore
and safe way to buy and sell cryptocurrency without technical and find a website selling items they don’t realize are stolen.
knowledge. This is a site scam that takes financial info and They purchase items and are then contacted by the authorities,
closes after stealing information from thousands of users. who are monitoring the site and its customers.

Never give away personal information either online or on the telephone.

• Make sure to use strong passwords and never share or duplicate them.
• Avoid websites claiming to give away free downloads or products.
• Ensure operating system security and antivirus software is always up to date.

Younger people often now have lessons and advice on cybercrime at school, something the
older generation never had access to.
• Younger people have grown up with internet access, whereas to older people, it is a
relatively new technology
The digital divide is the gap between those that have access to technology
and those that do not or choose not to use it.

• The industrial and technological level between countries.

• Opinions on technology between age groups.

Information rich: knowing about the world, important events and how society is run allows people to make informed
decisions.
• Information poor: not being able to access useful information, or knowing where to look if they need to, increases
inequality and people missing out.

Advantage: Instant and interactive communication

Disadvantage: User may confuse opinion with factual news
• Provide better access in rural areas.
• Making devices and services cheaper to access.
• Teach all ages about technology and its opportunities.
• Share resources around the world.
PAN is a small network created around one person.
• Devices:
o Laptops
o Smartphones
o Smart watches
o Smart glasses
o Wireless headphones
o Smart clothing

Advantages: o No need to commute to work.

o Flexibility around family life.
o Save money on travel and work attire.

• Disadvantages:
o Requires a reliable internet connection and device at home.
o Feel disconnected from office and work friends. OR
o Increased energy usage at home.