Numerical 2023

Question:1

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Morning Shift

Numerical Answers Key

1. Ans. (7)

MCQ 2023
Question:1

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 15th April Morning Shift

Question:2

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Evening Shift

Question:3

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Morning Shift

Question:4 Among the two statements

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 12th April Morning Shift

Question:5

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Evening Shift

Question:6
Question:7

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Morning Shift

Question:8

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Question:9

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Morning Shift

Question:10 Among the statements

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift

Question:11

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Morning Shift

Question:12 Which of the following statements is a tautology?
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Evening Shift

Question:13

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Morning Shift

Question:14

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Evening Shift

Question:15

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Morning Shift

Question:16 Consider the Following Statement:
P : I have fever
Q: I will not take medicine
R : I will take rest.
The statement "If I have fever, then I will take medicine and I will take rest" is
equivalent to :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Evening Shift

Question:17 Among the statements :

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Morning Shift

Question:18

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Question:19

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Evening Shift

Question:20

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Morning Shift

Question:21

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Question:22
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift

MCQ Answers Key

1. Ans. (B)
2. Ans. (A)
3. Ans. (B)
4. Ans. (C)
5. Ans. (C)
6. Ans. (C)
7. Ans. (A)
8. Ans. (A)
9. Ans. (B)
10. Ans. (A)
11. Ans. (D)
12. Ans. (D)
13. Ans. (A)
14. Ans. (A)
15. Ans. (C)
16. Ans. (C)
17. Ans. (B)
18. Ans. (A)
19. Ans. (A)
21. Ans. (A)
22. Ans. (C)
 MCQ Explanation
Ans.1
Ans.2

Alternate Method :

Ans.3
Ans.4

Ans.5

Ans.9
Ans.12

Ans.13
Ans.14

Ans.15
Ans.16
The given expression is

Ans.17

Ans.18
Ans.19

Ans.20

Ans.21
Ans.22
 Numerical 2022
Question:1
The maximum number of compound propositions, out of p∨r∨s, p∨r∨∼s,
p∨∼q∨s, ∼p∨∼r∨s, ∼p∨∼r∨∼s, ∼p∨q∨∼s, q∨r∨∼s, q∨∼r∨∼s, ∼p∨∼q∨∼s that
can be made simultaneously true by an assignment of the truth values to p, q, r
and s, is equal to __________.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th June Evening Shift

Numerical Answers Key

1. Ans. (9)
Numerical Explanation

MCQ 2023 (Multiple Correct Answer)

Question:1

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

MCQ Anwers Key

1. Ans. (A,C,D)
MCQ Explanation
Ans.1
 2021
MCQ (Single Correct Answer)
Q.1 Which of the following is equivalent to the Boolean expression p ∧ ∼ q ?

1st Sep Evening Shift 2021

Q.2 Negation of the statement (p ∨ r) ⇒ (q ∨ r) is :

31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.3 Let *, ▢ ∈{∧, ∨} be such that the Boolean expression (p * ∼ q) ⇒ (p ▢ q) is a
tautology. Then :

31st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.4 The Boolean expression (p ∧ q) ⇒ ((r ∧ q) ∧ p) is equivalent to :

27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.5 The statement (p ∧ (p → q) ∧ (q → r)) → r is :

27th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.6 Consider the two statements :
(S1) : (p → q) ∨ (∼ q → p) is a tautology .

(S2) : (p ∧ ∼ q) ∧ (∼ p ∧ q) is a fallacy.

Then :

26th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.7 If the truth value of the Boolean expression ((p∨q)∧(q→r)∧(∼r))→(p∧q) is false,

then the truth values of the statements p, q, r respectively can be :

26th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.8 The compound statement (P∨Q)∧(∼P)⇒Q is equivalent to :

27th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.9 Consider the statement "The match will be played only if the weather is good
and ground is not wet". Select the correct negation from the following :

25th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.10 Which of the following is the negation of the statement "for all M > 0, there
exists x∈∈S such that x ≥ M" ?

27th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.11 The Boolean expression (p⇒q)∧(q⇒∼p) is equivalent to :

25th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.12 Which of the following Boolean expressions is not a tautology?

22th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.13 Consider the following three statements :

(A) If 3 + 3 = 7 then 4 + 3 = 8

(B) If 5 + 3 = 8 then earth is flat.

(C) If both (A) and (B) are true then 5 + 6 = 17.

Then, which of the following statements is correct?

20th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.14 The Boolean expression (p∧∼q)⇒(q∨∼p) is equivalent to :

20th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.15 If P and Q are two statements, then which of the following compound
statement is a tautology?

18th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.16 If the Boolean expression (p∧q)⊙(p⊗q) is a tautology, then ⊙ and ⊗ are
respectively given by :

17th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.17 If the Boolean expression (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (q * (∼q) is a tautology, then the boolean

expression p * (∼q) is equivalent to :

17th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.18 Which of the following Boolean expression is a tautology?

16th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.19

26th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.20 The contrapositive of the statement "If you will work, you will earn money" is :

25th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.21 The statement A → (B → A) is equivalent to :

25th Feb Morning Slot 2021

Q.22 For the statements p and q, consider the following compound statements :

24th Feb Evening Slot 2021

Q.23 The negation of the statement ∼p∧(p∨q) is :

24th Feb Evening Slot 2021

Q.24 The statement among the following that is a tautology is :

24th Feb Morning Slot 2021

MCQ Answer Key

1. Ans. (D)
2. Ans. (A)
3. Ans. (C)
4. Ans. (A)
5. Ans. (A)
6. Ans. (C)
7. Ans. (C)
8. Ans. (D)
9. Ans. (C)
10. Ans. (A)
11. Ans. (D)
12. Ans. (D)
13. Ans. (B)
14. Ans. (B)
15. Ans. (D)
16. Ans. (B)
17. Ans. (A)
18. Ans. (C)
19. Ans. (C)
20. Ans. (A)
21. Ans. (B)
22. Ans. (C)
23. Ans. (A)
24. Ans. (B)
 MCQ Explanation

Ans 1.
Ans 2.

Ans 3.
Ans 4. given statement says

"if p and q both happen then p and q and r will happen"

it simply implies "If p and q both happen then 'r' too will happen"

i.e.

"if p and q both happen then r and p too will happen

i.e.

(p ∧ q) ⇒ (r ∧ p)
Ans 5.
Ans 6.

Ans 7.
Ans 8. Using Truth Table :
Ans 9. p : weather is good

q : ground is not wet

∼ (p ∧ q) ≡ ∼ p ∨ ∼ q

≡ weather is not good or ground is wet

Ans 10.

Ans 11.
Ans 12.
Ans 13.

Ans 14.
Ans 16.

Ans 17.
Ans 18.

Ans 19. Truth table for F1 :

∴ F1 is not a tautology.

Truth table for F2 :

∴ F2 is a tautology.

Ans 20.

Ans 21.
Ans 22.
(b) is tautologies

∴ a & b are both tautologies.

Ans 23.

∴ ∼ p ∧ (p ∨ q) ≡ p ∨ ∼ q

Ans 24.
 13 Statement, Truth value of a statement,
Logical Connectives, Truth Table,
7. Which one of the following is a tautology?
[Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
TOPIC Ć Logical Equivalance, Tautology &
Contradiction, Duality (a) (p Ù (p ® q)) ® q (b) q ® (p Ù (p ® q))
(c) p Ù (p Ú q) (d) p Ú (p Ù q)
1. The negation of the Boolean expression p Ú (: p Ù q) is
8. Which of the following statements is a tautology?
equivalent to : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
(a) p Ù : q (b) : p Ù : q [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
(c) : p Ú : q (d) : p Ú q (a) p Ú (~q) ® p Ù q (b) ~(p Ù ~ q) ® p Ú q
2. The negation of the Boolean expression x «: y is (c) ~(p Ú ~ q) ® p Ù q (d) ~(p Ú ~ q) ® p Ú q
equivalent to: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] 9. The logical statement
(a) ( x Ù y ) Ú ( : x Ù : y ) (b) ( x Ù y ) Ù ( : x Ú : y )
( p Þ q ) ^ ( q Þ : p ) is equivalent to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
(c) ( x Ù : y ) Ú ( : x Ù y ) (d) ( : x Ù y ) Ú ( : x Ù : y )
(a) p (b) q (c) ~p (d) ~q
3. Given the following two statements :
10. If the truth value of the statement p ® (~q Ú r) is false (F),
( S1 ) : (q Ú p) ® ( p « ~ q) is a tautology..
then the truth values of the statements p, q, r are
( S2 ) : ~ q Ù (~ p « q) is a fallacy. Then : respectively. [April 12, 2019 (I)]
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] (a) T, T, F (b) T, F, F (c) T, F, T (d ) F, T, T
(a) both (S1) and (S2) are correct 11. The Boolean expression ~ ( p Þ (: q)) is equivalent to :
(b) only (S1) is correct
(c) only (S2) is correct [April 12, 2019 (II)]
(d) both (S1) and (S2) are not correct (a) p Ù q (b) q Þ: p (c) p Ú q (d) (: p) Þ q
4. The proposition p ®~ ( p Ù ~ q) is equivalent to : 12. Which one of the following Boolean expressions is a
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] tautology ? [April 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) q (b) (~ p ) Ú q (a) (p Ù q) Ú (p Ù ~ q) (b) (p Ú q) Ú (p Ú ~ q)
(c) (p Ú q) Ù (p Ú ~ q) (d) (p Ú q) Ù (~p Ú ~ q)
(c) (~ p ) Ù q (d) (~ p) Ú (~ q)
13. If p Þ(q Ú r) is false, then the truth values of p, q, r are
5. Let p, q, r be three statements such that the truth value of
respectively: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
( p Ù q) ® (~ q Ú r ) is F. Then the truth values of p, q, r (a) F, T, T (b) T, F, F (c) T, T, F (d) F, F, F
are respectively : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
14. Which one of the following statements is not a tautology?
(a) T, F, T (b) T, T, T (c) F, T, F (d) T, T, F
[April 08, 2019 (II)]
6. If p ® (p Ù ~q) is false, then the truth values of p and q are
(a) (p Ú q) ® (p Ú (~ q)) (b) (p Ù q) ® (~ p) Ú q
respectively: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
(c) p ® (p Ú q) (d) (p Ù q) ® p
(a) F, F (b) T, F (c) T, T (d) F, T
 EBD_8344
M-220 Mathematics

15 . The Boolean expression 25. The following statement

(p ® q) ® [(~p ® q) ® q] is : [2017]
( ( p Ù q ) Ú ( p Ú : q ) ) Ù ( : p Ù : q ) is equivalent to : (a) a fallacy (b) a tautology
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] (c) equivalent to ~ p ® q (d) equivalent to p ® ~q
(a) p Ù q (b) p Ù ( : q ) 26. The proposition (~p) Ú (p Ù ~ q)
[Online April 8, 2017]
(c ) ( : p ) Ù ( : q ) (d) p Ú ( : q )
(a) p ® ~ q (b) p Ù ( ~ q )
16. The expression : ( : p ® q) is logically equivalent to :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] (c) q ® p (d) p Ú ( ~ q )
(a) : p Ù : q (b) p Ù : q
27. The Boolean Expression (p Ù : q) Ú qÚ (: p Ù q) is
(c) : p Ù q (d) p Ù q equivalent to: [2016]
17. If q is false and p ^ q « r is true, then which one of the (a) p Ú q (b) p Ú : q (c) : p Ù q (d) p Ù q
following statements is a tautology? [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
28. The negation of ~ s Ú (~ r Ù s) is equivalent to : [2015]
(a) ( p Ú r) ® (p Ù r) (b) ( p Ù r) ® (p Ú r) (a) s Ú (r Ú ~ s) (b) s Ù r
(c) p Ù r (d) p Ú r
(c) s Ù ~ r (d) s Ù (r Ù ~ s)
18. Consider the following three statements:
P : 5 is a prime number. 29. The statement : ( p « : q ) is: [2014]
Q : 7 is a factor of 192.
R : L.C.M. of 5 and 7 is 35. (a) a tautology
Then the truth value of which one of the following (b) a fallacy
statements is true? [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] (c) eqivalent to p « q
(a) (~ P) Ú (Q Ù R) (b) (P Ù Q) Ú (~ R)
(d) equivalent to : p « q
(c) (~ P) Ù (~ Q Ù R) (d) P Ú (~ Q Ù R)
30. Let p, q, r denote arbitrary statements. Then the logically
19. If the Boolean expression (p Å q) Ù ( : p e q ) is
equivalent of the statement p Þ ( q Ú r ) is:
equivalent to p Ù q , where Å, e Î {Ù , Ú} then the
[Online April 12, 2014]
ordered pair ( Å, e ) is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (I)] (a) ( p Ú q) Þ r (b) ( p Þ q) Ú ( p Þ r )
(a) ( Ú , Ù) (b) (Ú , Ú) (c) ( Ù , Ú) (d) ( Ù , Ù) (c) ( p Þ~ q ) Ù ( p Þ r ) (d) ( p Þ q) Ù ( p Þ ~ r)
20. The logical statement
[~ (~ p Ú q) Ú (p Ù r)] Ù (~ p Ù r) 31. The proposition : ( p Ú : q ) Ú : ( p Ú q ) is logically
is equivalent to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] equivalent to: [Online April 11, 2014]
(a) (~ p Ù ~ q) Ù r (b) ~ p Ú r (a) p (b) q (c) : p (d) : q
(c) (p Ù r) Ù ~ q (d) (p Ù ~ q) Ú r 32. Consider
21. The Boolean expression Statement-1 : (p ^ ~ q) ^ (~ p ^ q) is a fallacy.
~ (pÚ q) Ú (~ p Ù q) is equivalent to : [2018] Statement-2 : (p ® q) « (~ q ® ~ p) is a tautology.
[2013]
(a) p (b) q (c) ~q (d) ~p
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true;
22. If p ® (~ p Ú ~ q) is false, then the truth values of p and q
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
are respectively. [Online April 16, 2018]
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
(a) T, F (b) F, F (c) F, T (d) T, T is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
23. If (pÙ ~ q) Ù (p Ù r) ® ~ p Ú q is false, then the truth values (c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
of p, q and r are respectively [Online April 15, 2018] (d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
(a) F, T, F (b) T, F, T (c) F, F, F (d) T, T, T 33. Let p and q be any two logical statements and
24. Which of the following is a tautology? [2017] r : p ® (: p Ú q) . If r has a truth value F, then the truth
(a) (~ p) Ù (p Ú q) ® q (b) (q ® p)Ú ~ (p ® q) values of p and q are respectively :
[Online April 25, 2013]
(c) (~ q) Ú (p Ù q) ® q (d) (p ® q) Ù (q ® p)
(a) F, F (b) T, T (c) T, F (d) F, T
Mathematical Reasoning M-221

34. For integers m and n, both greater than 1, consider the 42. Let p be the statement “x is an irrational number”, q be the
following three statements : statement “y is a transcendental number”, and r be the
P : m divides n statement “ x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental
Q : m divides n2 number”. [2008]
R : m is prime, Statement-1 : r is equivalent to either q or p
then [Online April 23, 2013] Statement-2 : r is equivalent to ~(p«~q).
(a) Q Ù R ® P (b) P Ù Q ® R (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
(c) Q ® R (d) Q ® P is a correct explanation for Statement-1
35. The statement p ® (q ® p) is equivalent to : (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
[Online April 22, 2013] is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(a) p ® q (b) p ® ( p Ú q) (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false

(c) p ® ( p ® q) (d) p ® ( p Ù q) Converse, Inverse & Contrapositive

of the Conditional Statement,
36. Statement-1: The statement A ® ( B ® A) is equivalent TOPIC n Negative of a Compound Statement,
to A ® ( A Ú B ) . Algebra of Statement
Statement-2: The statement ~ [(A Ù B) ® (~ A Ú B)] is a 43. Consider the statement: “For an integer n, if n3 – 1 is even,
Tautology. [Online April 9, 2013]
then n is odd.” The contrapositive statement of this state-
(a) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
ment is: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement- 2 is
not correct explanation for Statement-1. (a) For an integer n, if n is even, then n 3 – 1 is odd.
(c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. (b) For an intetger n, if n3 – 1 is not even, then n is not
odd.
(d) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement- 2 is
the correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) For an integer n, if n is even, then n 3 – 1 is even.
37. Let p and q be two Statements. Amongst the following, (d) For an integer n, if n is odd, then n 3 – 1 is even.
the Statement that is equivalent to p ® q is 44. The statement ( p ® (q ® p)) ® ( p ® ( p Ú q)) is :
[Online May 19, 2012] [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
(a) pÙ ~ q (b) ~ p Ú q (c) ~ p Ù q (d) pÚ ~ q
(a) equivalent to ( p Ù q) Ú (~ q)
38. The logically equivalent preposition of p Û q is
(b) a contradiction
[Online May 12, 2012]
(c) equivalent to ( p Ú q) Ù (~ p)
(a) ( p Þ q) Ù ( q Þ p) (b) p Ù q (d) a tautology
(c) ( p Ù q) Ú ( q Þ p) (d) ( p Ù q) Þ ( q Ú p) 45. Contrapositive of the statement :
'If a function f is differentiable at a, then it is also
39. The only statement among the following that is a tautology continuous at a', is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
is [2011RS]
(a) If a function f is continuous at a, then it is not
(a) A Ù (A Ú B) (b) A Ú (A Ù B) differentiable at a.
(c) [A Ù (A ® B)] ® B (d) B ® [A Ù (A ® B)] (b) If a function f is not continuous at a, then it is not
differentiable at a.
40. Statement-1 : ~ ( p «~ q) is equivalent to p « q . (c) If a function f is not continuous at a, then it is
Statement-2 : ~ ( p «~ q) is a tantology [2009] differentiable at a
(d) If a function f is continuous at a, then it is differentiable
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; at a.
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1. 46. The contrapositive of the statement "If I reach the station
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. in time, then I will catch the train" is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. (a) If I do not reach the station in time, then I will catch
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, the train.
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement -1 (b) If I do not reach the station in time, then I will not
catch the train.
41. The statement p ® (q®p) is equivalent to [2008]
(c) If I will catch the train, then I reach the station in time.
(a) p ® (p® q) (b) p ® (p Ú q)
(d) If I will not catch the train, then I do not reach the
(c) p ® (p Ù q) (d) p ® (p «q) station in time.
 EBD_8344
M-222 Mathematics

47. Negation of the statement: 53. Consider the following two statements.
Statement p:
5 is an integer of 5 is irrational is: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] The value of sin 120 can be divided by taking q = 240 in
(a) 5 is not an integer or 5 is not irrational q
the equation 2 sin = 1 + sin q - 1 - sin q.
(b) 5 is not an integer and 5 is not irrational 2
Statement q:
(c) 5 is irrational or 5 is an integer.. The angles A, B, C and D of any quadrilateral ABCD satisfy
(d) 5 is an integer and 5 is irrational æ1 ö æ1 ö
the equation cos ç ( A + C ) ÷ + cos ç ( B + D) ÷ = 0
48. Let A, B, C and D be four non-empty sets. The è2 ø è2 ø
contrapositive statement of “If A Í B and B Í D, then Then the truth values of p and q are respectively.
[Online April 15, 2018]
A Í C ” is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] (a) F, T (b) T, T (c) F, F (d) T, F
(a) If A Í C, then A Í B and B Í D 54. Contrapositive of the statement
‘If two numbers are not equal, then their squares are not
(b) If A Í C, then B Ì A or D Ì B equal’, is : [Online April 9, 2017]
(c) If A Í C, then A Í B and B Í D (a) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
numbers are equal.
(d) If A Í C, then A Í B or B Í D (b) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
numbers are not equal.
49. The negation of the Boolean expression ~ s Ú (~ r Ù s) is
(c) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
equivalent to : [April 10, 2019 (II)] numbers are not equal.
(a) ~ s Ù ~ r (b) r (d) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
(c) s Ú r (d) s Ù r numbers are equal.
55. The contrapositive of the following statement,
50. For any two statements p and q, the negation of the "If the side of a square doubles, then its area increases
expression p Ú (~ p Ù q) is: [April 9, 2019 (I)] four times", is : [Online April 10, 2016]
(a) ~ p Ù ~ q (b) p Ù q (a) If the area of a square increases four times, then its
side is not doubled.
(c) p « q (d) ~ p Ú ~ q
(b) If the area of a square increases four times, then its
51. The contrapositive of the statement "If you are born in side is doubled.
India, then you are a citi en of India", is : (c) If the area of a square does not increases four times,
[April 8, 2019 (I)] then its side is not doubled.
(a) If you are not a citi en of India, then you are not born (d) If the side of a square is not doubled, then its area
does not increase four times.
in India.
56. Consider the following two statements :
(b) If you are a citi en of India, then you are born in
P : If 7 is an odd number, then 7 is divisible by 2.
India. Q : If 7 is a prime number, then 7 is an odd number.
(c) If you are born in India, then you are not a citi en of If V1 is the truth value of the contrapositive of P and V 2 is
India. the truth value of contrapositive of Q, then the ordered
(d) If you are not born in India, then you are not a citi en pair (V1, V2) equals: [Online April 9, 2016]
of India. (a) (F, F) (b) (F, T) (c) (T, F) (d) (T, T)
52. Contrapositive of the statement “If two numbers are not 57. Consider the following statements :
equal, then their squares are not equal”. is : P : Suman is brilliant
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] Q : Suman is rich.
(a) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the R : Suman is honest
numbers are equal. the negation of the statement
(b) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the “Suman is brilliant and dishonest if and only if suman is
numbers are not equal. rich” can be equivalently expressed as :
[Online April 11, 2015]
(c) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
(a) ~ Q « ~ P Ú R (b) ~ Q « ~ P Ù R
numbers are equal.
(c) ~ Q « P Ú ~ R (d) ~ Q « P Ù ~ R
(d) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
numbers are not equal.
Mathematical Reasoning M-223

58. The contrapositive of the statement “If it is raining, then 62. Let p and q denote the following statements
I will not come”, is : [Online April 10, 2015] p : The sun is shining
(a) If I will not come, then it is raining. q: I shall play tennis in the afternoon
(b) If I will not come, then it is not raining. The negation of the statement “If the sun is shining then I
(c) If I will come, then it is raining. shall play tennis in the afternoon”, is
(d) If I will come, then it is not raining. [Online May 26, 2012]
59. The contrapositive of the statement “if I am not feeling (a) q Þ: p (b) qÙ : p
well, then I will go to the doctor” is (c) p Ù : q (d) : q Þ: p
[Online April 19, 2014] 63. The Statement that is TRUE among the following is
(a) If I am feeling well, then I will not go to the doctor [Online May 7, 2012]
(b) If I will go to the doctor, then I am feeling well (a) The contrapositive of 3x + 2 = 8 Þ x = 2 is x ¹ 2
(c) If I will not go to the doctor, then I am feeling well Þ 3x + 2 ¹ 8.
(d) If I will go to the doctor, then I am not feeling well. (b) The converse of tanx = 0 Þ x = 0 is x ¹ 0 Þ tan x = 0.
60. The contrapositive of the statement “I go to school if it (c) p Þ q is equivalent to pÚ : q .
does not rain” is [Online April 9, 2014] (d) p Ú q and p Ù q have the same truth table.
(a) If it rains, I do not go to school. 64. Let S be a non-empty subset of R. Consider the following
(b) If I do not go to school, it rains. statement :
(c) If it rains, I go to school. P : There is a rational number x Î S such that
(d) If I go to school, it rains. x > 0.
61. The negation of the statement Which of the following statements is the negation of the
"If I become a teacher, then I will open a school", is : statement P ? [2010]
[2012]
(a) There is no rational number x Î S such than x < 0.
(a) I will become a teacher and I will not open a school.
(b) Either I will not become a teacher or I will not open a (b) Every rational number x Î S satisfies x < 0.
school. (c) x Î S and x < 0 Þ x is not rational.
(c) Neither I will become a teacher nor I will open a school. (d) There is a rational number x Î S such that x < 0.
(d) I will not become a teacher or I will open a school.
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1. (b) Negation of given statement = ~ ( p Ú (~ p Ù q)) 4. (b)

p q ~q p^ ~ q ~p p ® ~ (p^ ~ q) ~ p q
= ~ p Ù ~ (~ p Ù q) = ~ p Ù ( p Ú ~ q)
= (~ p Ù q) Ú (~ p Ù ~ q) T T F F F T T

= F Ú (~ pÙ ~ q) = ~ p Ù ~ q T F T T F F F

2. (a) p : x « ~ y = ( x ®~ y ) Ù (~ y ® x ) F T F F T T T

= (~ x Ú ~ y ) Ù ( y Ú x ) F F T F T T T
=~ ( x Ù y ) Ù ( x Ú y ) (Q~ ( x Ù y ) = ~ xÚ ~ y) \ p ®~ ( p Ù ~ q) is equivalent to ~ p Ú q
Negation of p is
5. (d) ( p Ù q) ® (~ q Ú r )
~ p = ( x Ù y )Ú ~ ( x Ú y ) = ( x Ù y ) Ú (~ x Ù ~ y )
3. (d) The truth table of both the statements is = ~ ( p Ù q ) Ú (~ q Ú r )
= (~ p Ú ~ q ) Ú (~ q Ú r )
p q ~p ~q q Ú p p« ~q (S 1 ) ~p« q (S 2 )
= (~ p Ú ~ q Ú r )
T T F F T F F F F
Q (~ pÚ ~ q Ú r ) is false, then ~p, ~q and r all these must
T F F T T T T T T be false.
F T T F T T T T F Þ p is true, q is true and r is false.
6. (c)
F F T T F F T F F p q ~q p Ù ~q p ® (p Ù ~ q)
T T F F F
\ S1 is not tautology and
T F T T T
S2 is not fallacy.
F T F F T
Hence, both the statements (S1) and (S2) are not correct.
F F T F T

7. (a)

p q p®q p Ù ( p ® q ) ( p Ù ( p ® q )) ® q q ® p Ù ( p ® q ) pÙq p Ú ( p Ù q) pÚq p Ù ( p Ú q)

T T T T T T T T T T
T F F F T T F T T T
F T T F T F F F T F
F F T F T T F F F F
8. (d) (~ p Ù q) ® (p Ú q) 10. (a) Given statement p ® (~ q Ú r) is False.
Þ ~ {(~ p Ù q) Ù (~ p Ù ~ q)} Þ p is True and ~ q Ú r is False
Þ ~ {~ p Ù f } Þ p is True and ~ q is False and r is False
9. (c)
\ truth values of p, q r are T, T, F respectively.
p q p Þ q ~ p q Þ ~ p ( p Þ q) Ù ( p Þ ~ q) 11. (a) Given Boolean expression is,
T T T F F F ~ (p Þ (~ q)) {Q p Þ q is same as ~ p Ú q}
T F F F T F º ~ ((~ p) Ú (~ q)) º p Ù q
F T T T T T 12. (b) (p Ú q) Ú (pÚ ~ q) = p Ú (q Ú p)Ú ~ q
F F T T T T = (p Ú p) Ú (qÚ ~ q) = p Ú T = T
Clearly (p Þ q) Ù (q Þ ~p) is equivalent to ~p Hence first statement is tautology.
Mathematical Reasoning M-225

13. (b) For p Þ q Ú r to be F. It can either be true or false

r should be F and p Þ q should be F Option (d): (p Ù r),
for p Þ q to be F, p Þ T and q Þ F Since, r is false
p, q, r º T, F, F Hence, (p Ù r) is false.
14. (a) By truth table : 18. (d) P is True, Q is False and R is True
p q ~q pv ~ q ~ p pÙ ~ q pvq p ® pvq p Ù q ( p Ù q ) ® p ~ pvq (a) (~ P) Ú (Q Ù R) º F Ú (F Ù T) º F Ú F = F
T T F T F F T T T T T
(b) (P Ù Q) Ú (~R) º (T Ù F) Ú (F) º F Ú F = F
T F T T F T T T F T F
F T F F T F T T F T T (c) (~ P) Ù (~ Q Ù R) º F Ù (T Ù T) º F Ù T = F
F F T T T F F T F T T (d) P Ú (~Q Ù R) º T Ú (T Ù T) º T Ú T = T
( p Ù q ) ® (~ p) Ú q (p Ú q) ® (p Ú (~ q)) 19. (c) Check each option
T T
(a) (p Ú q) Ù (~p Ù q) = (~p Ù q)
T T
T F (b) (p Ú q) Ù (~p Ú q) = q
T T (c) (p Ù q) Ù (~p Ú q) = p Ù q
15. (c) Consider the Boolean expression (d) (p Ù q) Ù (~p Ù q) = F
((p Ù q) Ú (pv ~ q)) Ù (~ pÙ ~ q) 20. (c) Logical statement,
= (pÚ ~ q) Ù (~ pÙ ~ q) = [~ (~ p Ú q) Ú (p Ù r)] Ù (~ q Ù r)
= ((pÚ ~ q)Ù ~ p) Ù ((pÚ ~ q)Ù ~ q) = [(p Ù ~ q) Ú (p Ù r)] Ù (~ q Ù r)
= ((pÙ ~ p) Ú (~ qÙ ~ p))Ù ~ q = [(p Ù ~ q) Ù (~ q Ù r)] Ú [(p Ù r) Ù (~ q Ù r)]
= (~ pÙ ~q)Ù ~ q = (~ pÙ ~q) = [p Ù ~ q Ù r] Ú [p Ù r Ù ~ q]
16. (a) ~ (~ p ® Q) º ~ (p Ú q) º ~ p Ù ~ q = (p Ù ~ q ) Ù r
17. (b) q is false and [(p Ù q) « r] is true = (p Ù r) Ù ~ q
As (p Ù q) is false 21. (d) : (pÚ q) Ú (: p Ù q)
[False « r] is true
Þ ( : p Ù : q) Ú (: p Ù q)
Hence r is false
Þ : pÙ (: q Ú q)
Option (a): says p Ú r,
Since r is false Þ : pÙ t º : p
Hence (p Ú r) can either be true or false 22. (d)
p q ~p ~q ~pÚ~q p ® (~ p Ú ~ q)
Option (b): says (p Ù r) ® (p Ú r)
T T F F F F
(p Ù r) is false
T F F T T T
Since, F ® T is true and
F T T F T T
F ® F is also true
F F T T T T
Hence, it is a tautology
From the truth table,
Option (c): (p Ú r) ® (p Ù r)
p ® (~ p Ú ~ q) is false only when p and q both are true.
i.e. (p Ú r) ® F
23. (b) As the truth table for the (pÙ ~ q) Ù (p Ù r) ® ~ p Ú q is false, then only possible values of (p, q, r) is (T, F, T)
p q r ~q p Ù ~q pÙ r ~p ~p Ú q (p Ù ~q) Ù (p Ù r) (p Ù ~q) Ù (p Ù r) ® ~p Ú q
T T T F F T F T F T
T F T T T T F F T F
T T F F F F F T F T
F T T F F F T T F T
F F T T F F T T F T
F T F F F F T T F T
T F F T T F F F F T
F F F T F F T T F T
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24. (a) Truth table 30. (b) Given statement is

p q ~p p (~p) ^ (p q) (~p) ^ (p q) ® q p Þ (q Ú r ) which is equivalent to
( p Þ q) Ú ( p Þ r )
T T F T F T
31. (c) Given ~ ( p Ú ~ q)Ú ~ ( p Ú q)
T F F T F T
º (~ p Ú q) Ú (~ pÚ ~ q )
F T T T T T º ~ p Ú (qÚ ~ q)
º~ p
F F T F F T
32. (b) Statement-2 : (p ® q) « (~q ® ~p)
\ (a) ~ p Ù (p Ú q) ® q be a tautology º (p ® q) « (p ® q)
Other options are not tautology. which is always true.
25. (b) We have So, statement 2 is true
Statement-1: (p ^ ~q) ^ (~p ^ q)
p q ~ p p ® q ~ p ® q (~ p ® q) ® q (p ® q) ® ((~p ®q)® q)
T F F F T F T
= p ^ ~q ^ ~p ^ q
T T F T T T T = p ^ ~p ^ ~q ^ q
F F T T F T T = f^f=f
F T T T T T T So statement-1 is true
\ It is tautology. 33. (c) p ® (~ p Ú q) has truth value F.
26. (b) (~p) Ú (p Ù ~ q) It means p ® (~ p Ú q) is false.
It means p is true and ~ p Ú q is false.
p q ~ p ~ q pÙ ~ q ( ~ p ) Ú (p Ù ~ q )
Þ p is true and both ~ p and q are false.
T T F F F F
T F F T T T Þ p is true and q is false.
F T T F F F 34. (a)
F F T T F F 8 64
(b) = 2, = 16 ; but 4 is not prime.
27. (a) (pÙ : q) Ú q Ú (: p Ù q) 4 4
Þ {(p Ú q) Ù (: q Ú q)} Ú (: p Ù q) Hence P Ù Q ® R, false
Þ {(p Ú q) Ù T} Ú (: p Ù q)
(6)2 36
Þ (p Ú q) Ú (: p Ù q) (c) = = 3 ; but 12 is not prime
12 12
Þ {(p Ú q) Ú : p} Ù (p Ú q Ú q)
Hence Q ® R, false
Þ T Ù (p Ú q)
Þ pÚq (4) 2 16 4
28. (b) :[:sÚ(:r Ù s)] (d) = = 2 ; is not an integer
8 8 8
= sÙ:(:r Ù s)
Hence Q ® P, false
= sÙ(r Ú:s)
35. (b)
= (s Ù r) Ú (s Ù: s)
= (s Ù r) Ú f q p q® p p ® (q ® p) pÚq p ® ( p Ú q)
=sÙr T T T T T T
29. (c) (i) (ii) T F F T T T
p q ~q p « ~ q ~ ( p « ~ q) p«q F T T T T T
F F T F T T F F T T F T
F T F T F F
Since truth value of p ® (q ® p) and
T F T T F F
p ® (p Ú q) are same, hence p ® (q ® p) is equivalent
T T F F T T
to p ® (p Ú q).
From column (i) and (ii) are equivalent.
Clearly equivalent to p « q
Mathematical Reasoning M-227

36. (c) ( A Ù B) ® ~ [( A Ù B) ®
37. (b) Let p and q be two statements.
A B ~ A AÙB ~AÚB p ® q is equivalent to : p Ú q .
(~ A Ú B) (~ A Ú B )]
T T F T T T F
T F F F F T F 38. (a) ( p Þ q ) Ù ( q Þ p) means pÛq
F T T F T T F
F F T F T T F

39. (c) Truth table of all options is as follows.

A B A Ú B A Ù B A Ù (A Ú B) A Ú (A Ù B) A ® B A Ù (A ® B) [A Ù (A ® B) ®B] [B ® [A Ù (A ®B)]
T F T F T T F F T T

F T T F F F T F T F

T T T T T T T T T T
F F F F F F T F T T
\ It is tautology.
40. (b) The truth table for the logical statements, involved in 43. (a) Contrapositive statement will be
statement 1, is as follows : "For an integer n, if n is not odd then n3 – 1 is not even".
(i) (ii) or
p q :q p «: q : ( p « : q ) p«q "For an integer n, if n is even then n3 – 1 is odd".
T T F F T T 44. (d) The truth table of ( p ® (q ® p)) ® ( p ® ( p Ú q))
T F T T F F is
F T F T F F
(p® (q® p))
F F T F T T p q pÚ q p® (pÚ q) q® p p® (q® p)
® (p® (pÚ q))
We observe the columns (i) and (ii) are identical, therefore
~(p « ~q) is equivalent to p « q T T O T T T T

But ~ (p « ~q) is not a tautology as all entries in its column T F T T T T T

are not T. F T T T F T T
\ Statement-1 is true but statement-2 is false.
41. (b) The truth table for the given statements, as follows : F F F T T T T
p q pÚ q q® p p ® (q® p) p ® (pÚ q) Hence, the statement is tautology.
T T T T T T
T F T T T T
45. (b) Contrapositive statement will be "If a function is not
F T T F T T continuous at 'a', then it is not differentiable at 'a'.
F F F T T T 46. (d) Contrapositive of p ® q is ~ q ® ~ p
From table we observe that
i.e. contrapositive of 'if p then q' is 'if not q then not p'.
p ® (q®p) is equivalent to p®(pÚq)
42. (None) 47. (b) Let p and q the statements such that p = 5 is an
Given that
p : x is an irrational number integer q = 5 is an irrational number.
q : y is a transcendental number Then, negation of the given statement
r : x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental number.
5 is not an integer and 5 is not an irrational Number
clearly r : : p « q
Truth table to check the equivalence of ‘r’ and ‘q or p’; ‘r’ ~ (p Ú q) = ~ p Ù ~ q
and : ( p «: q) 48. (d) Let P = A Í B, Q = B Í D, R = A Í C
(i) (ii) (iii) Contrapositive of (P Ù Q) ® R is ~ R ® ~ (P Ù Q)
p q ~p ~ q ~p « q q or p p« ~ q ~ (p« ~ q) ~R®~ PÚ~Q
T T F F F T F T
49. (d) ~ s Ú (~ r Ù s) º (~ s Ú ~ r) Ù (~ s Ú s)
T F F T T T T F
F T T F T T T F º (~ s Ú ~ r) (Q ~ s Ú s) is tautology)
F F T T F F F T º ~ (s Ù r)
From columns (i), (ii) and (iii), we observe, that none of the Hence, its negation is s Ù r.
these statements are equivalent to each other.
\ Statement 1as well as statement 2 both are false.
\ None of the options is correct.
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50. (d) ~ (p Ú (~p Ù q)) = ~ (~p Ù q) Ù ~p Contra positive Q :

= (~q Ú p) Ù ~p T is not odd number Þ T is not a prime number
= ~p Ù (p Ú ~q) F Þ F : T (V2)
= (~q Ù ~p) Ú (p Ù ~p) 57. (d) Suman is brilliant and dishonest can be expressed as
= (~p Ù ~q) PÙ ~ R
51. (a) S: ‘’If you are born in India, then you are a citi en of therefore given statement is equal to ( PÙ ~ R ) « Q
India.’’ Negation of the above statement is ~ Q « PÙ ~ R
Contrapositive of p ® q is ~ q ® ~ p 58. (d) The centre positive of the statement is “If i will come,
So contrapositive of statement S will be : then it is not raining”.
‘’If you are not a citi en of India, then you are not born in 59. (c) Given statement can be written in implication form as
India.’’ I am not feeling well Þ I will go to the doctor.
52. (c) Contrapositive of “If A then B” is “If ~B then ~A”. Contrapositive form :
Hence contrapositive of “If two numbers are not equal, I will not go to the doctor Þ I am feeling well.
then their squares are not equal” is “If squares of two i.e. If I will not go to the doctor, then I am feeling well.
numbers are equal, then the two numbers are equal”. 60. (b) let p = If it does not rain
53. (a) Statement p: q = I go to school
According to law of contrapositive
sin 120 = cos 30 =
3
Þ 2 sin 120° = 3 p Þ q º ~q Þ ~ p
2 i.e. ~q = I do not go to school
So, 1 + sin 240° - 1 - sin 240° ~p = It rains
~q Þ ~p is If I do not go to school, it rains.
1- 3 1+ 3
= - ¹ 3 61. (a) Let p : I become a teacher.
2 2
Statement q: q : I will open a school
Negation of p ® q is ~ (p ® q) = p ^ ~q
A+C B+ D
So, A + B + C + D = 2p Þ + =p i.e. I will become a teacher and I will not open a school.
2 2
62. (c) Let p : The sun is shining.
æ A+Cö æB+Dö
Þ cos ç ÷ + cos ç 2 ÷ q : I shall play tennis in the afternoon.
è 2 ø è ø
Negation of p ® q is : ( p ® q ) = p Ù : q
æ A+Cö æ A+Cö
= cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷=0 63. (a) Only statement given in option
è 2 ø è 2 ø
(a) is true.
Therefore, statement p is false and statement q is true.
54. (a) p ® q (b) The converse of tanx = 0 Þ x = 0 is
then ~ q ® ~ p x = 0 Þ tan x = 0
\ If the square of two numbers are equal, then the \ Statement (b) is false
numbers are equal. (c) : ( p Þ q) is equivalent to pÙ: q
55. (c) Contrapositive of p ® q is given by ~ q ® ~ p \ Statement given in option (c) is false.
So (c) is the right option. (d) No, p Ú q and p Ù q does not have the same truth
56. (a) Contrapositive of P : value.
T is not divisible by 2 Þ T is not odd number 64. (b) Given that P : there is a rational number x Î S such
that x > 0 .
T Þ F : F (V1)
~ P : Every rational number x Î S satisfies x £ 0 .