21EE602 MICROCONTROLLERS BASED

SYSTEM DESIGN

UNIT 1 & LP 2 PIC 16FXX architecture, comparison of PIC with

other CISC
 PIC16F87X

Key Features
PICmicro™ Mid-Range Reference PIC16F873 PIC16F874 PIC16F876 PIC16F877
Manual (DS33023)

Operating Frequency DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz

RESETS (and Delays) POR, BOR POR, BOR POR, BOR POR, BOR
(PWRT, OST) (PWRT, OST) (PWRT, OST) (PWRT, OST)
FLASH Program Memory
4K 4K 8K 8K
(14-bit words)
Data Memory (bytes) 192 192 368 368
EEPROM Data Memory 128 128 256 256
Interrupts 13 14 13 14
I/O Ports Ports A,B,C Ports A,B,C,D,E Ports A,B,C Ports A,B,C,D,E
Timers 3 3 3 3
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2 2 2 2
Serial Communications MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART
Parallel Communications — PSP — PSP
10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 5 input channels 8 input channels 5 input channels 8 input channels
Instruction Set 35 instructions 35 instructions 35 instructions 35 instructions

 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292C-page 3

 PIC16F87X
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW There are four devices (PIC16F873, PIC16F874,
PIC16F876 and PIC16F877) covered by this data
This document contains device specific information. sheet. The PIC16F876/873 devices come in 28-pin
Additional information may be found in the PICmicro™ packages and the PIC16F877/874 devices come in
Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023), which may 40-pin packages. The Parallel Slave Port is not
be obtained from your local Microchip Sales Represen- implemented on the 28-pin devices.
tative or downloaded from the Microchip website. The
The following device block diagrams are sorted by pin
Reference Manual should be considered a complemen-
number; 28-pin for Figure 1-1 and 40-pin for Figure 1-2.
tary document to this data sheet, and is highly recom-
The 28-pin and 40-pin pinouts are listed in Table 1-1
mended reading for a better understanding of the device
and Table 1-2, respectively.
architecture and operation of the peripheral modules.

FIGURE 1-1: PIC16F873 AND PIC16F876 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Program Data
Device Data Memory
FLASH EEPROM
PIC16F873 4K 192 Bytes 128 Bytes
PIC16F876 8K 368 Bytes 256 Bytes

13 Data Bus 8 PORTA

Program Counter
RA0/AN0
FLASH RA1/AN1
Program RA2/AN2/VREF-
Memory RAM RA3/AN3/VREF+
8 Level Stack File RA4/T0CKI
(13-bit) Registers RA5/AN4/SS
Program 14 PORTB
Bus RAM Addr(1) 9
RB0/INT
Addr MUX RB1
Instruction reg
RB2
Direct Addr 7 Indirect
8 Addr RB3/PGM
RB4
FSR reg RB5
RB6/PGC
STATUS reg RB7/PGD
8
PORTC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
3 MUX
Power-up RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
Timer RC2/CCP1
Instruction Oscillator RC3/SCK/SCL
Decode & Start-up Timer RC4/SDI/SDA
ALU
Control Power-on RC5/SDO
Reset 8 RC6/TX/CK
RC7/RX/DT
Timing Watchdog
Generation Timer W reg
OSC1/CLKIN Brown-out
OSC2/CLKOUT Reset
In-Circuit
Debugger
Low Voltage
Programming

MCLR VDD, VSS

Timer0 Timer1 Timer2 10-bit A/D

Synchronous
Data EEPROM CCP1,2 USART
Serial Port

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292C-page 5

PIC16F87X
FIGURE 1-2: PIC16F874 AND PIC16F877 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Program Data
Device Data Memory
FLASH EEPROM
PIC16F874 4K 192 Bytes 128 Bytes
PIC16F877 8K 368 Bytes 256 Bytes

13 Data Bus 8 PORTA

FLASH Program Counter
RA0/AN0
Program RA1/AN1
Memory RA2/AN2/VREF-
RAM RA3/AN3/VREF+
8 Level Stack
File RA4/T0CKI
(13-bit) Registers
RA5/AN4/SS
Program 14 PORTB
Bus RAM Addr(1) 9
RB0/INT
Addr MUX RB1
Instruction reg
RB2
Direct Addr 7 Indirect
8 Addr RB3/PGM
RB4
FSR reg RB5
RB6/PGC
STATUS reg RB7/PGD
8
PORTC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
3 MUX RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
Power-up
Timer RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
Instruction Oscillator
Start-up Timer RC4/SDI/SDA
Decode & ALU
Control RC5/SDO
Power-on RC6/TX/CK
Reset 8
RC7/RX/DT
Timing Watchdog
Generation Timer W reg
PORTD
OSC1/CLKIN Brown-out RD0/PSP0
OSC2/CLKOUT Reset RD1/PSP1
In-Circuit RD2/PSP2
Debugger RD3/PSP3
Low-Voltage RD4/PSP4
Programming Parallel Slave Port RD5/PSP5
RD6/PSP6
RD7/PSP7

PORTE

MCLR VDD, VSS RE0/AN5/RD

RE1/AN6/WR
RE2/AN7/CS
Timer0 Timer1 Timer2 10-bit A/D

Synchronous
Data EEPROM CCP1,2 USART
Serial Port

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

DS30292C-page 6  2001 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87X
TABLE 1-1: PIC16F873 AND PIC16F876 PINOUT DESCRIPTION
DIP SOIC I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Type Type

OSC1/CLKIN 9 9 I ST/CMOS(3) Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT 10 10 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in
crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, the OSC2 pin outputs
CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and denotes
the instruction cycle rate.
MCLR/VPP 1 1 I/P ST Master Clear (Reset) input or programming voltage input. This
pin is an active low RESET to the device.
PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.
RA0/AN0 2 2 I/O TTL RA0 can also be analog input0.
RA1/AN1 3 3 I/O TTL RA1 can also be analog input1.
RA2/AN2/VREF- 4 4 I/O TTL RA2 can also be analog input2 or negative analog
reference voltage.
RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 5 I/O TTL RA3 can also be analog input3 or positive analog
reference voltage.
RA4/T0CKI 6 6 I/O ST RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0
module. Output is open drain type.
RA5/SS/AN4 7 7 I/O TTL RA5 can also be analog input4 or the slave select
for the synchronous serial port.
PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.
RB0/INT 21 21 I/O TTL/ST(1) RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin.
RB1 22 22 I/O TTL
RB2 23 23 I/O TTL
RB3/PGM 24 24 I/O TTL RB3 can also be the low voltage programming input.
RB4 25 25 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB5 26 26 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB6/PGC 27 27 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin. Serial
programming clock.
RB7/PGD 28 28 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin. Serial
programming data.
PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 11 11 I/O ST RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or Timer1
clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 12 12 I/O ST RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input or Capture2
input/Compare2 output/PWM2 output.
RC2/CCP1 13 13 I/O ST RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1 output/
PWM1 output.
RC3/SCK/SCL 14 14 I/O ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/output
for both SPI and I2C modes.
RC4/SDI/SDA 15 15 I/O ST RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or
data I/O (I2C mode).
RC5/SDO 16 16 I/O ST RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out (SPI mode).
RC6/TX/CK 17 17 I/O ST RC6 can also be the USART Asynchronous Transmit or
Synchronous Clock.
RC7/RX/DT 18 18 I/O ST RC7 can also be the USART Asynchronous Receive or
Synchronous Data.
VSS 8, 19 8, 19 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 20 20 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292C-page 7

PIC16F87X
TABLE 1-2: PIC16F874 AND PIC16F877 PINOUT DESCRIPTION
DIP PLCC QFP I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Pin# Type Type

OSC1/CLKIN 13 14 30 I ST/CMOS(4) Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT 14 15 31 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator
in crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs
CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and
denotes the instruction cycle rate.
MCLR/VPP 1 2 18 I/P ST Master Clear (Reset) input or programming voltage input.
This pin is an active low RESET to the device.
PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.
RA0/AN0 2 3 19 I/O TTL RA0 can also be analog input0.
RA1/AN1 3 4 20 I/O TTL RA1 can also be analog input1.
RA2/AN2/VREF- 4 5 21 I/O TTL RA2 can also be analog input2 or negative
analog reference voltage.
RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 6 22 I/O TTL RA3 can also be analog input3 or positive
analog reference voltage.
RA4/T0CKI 6 7 23 I/O ST RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0 timer/
counter. Output is open drain type.
RA5/SS/AN4 7 8 24 I/O TTL RA5 can also be analog input4 or the slave select for
the synchronous serial port.
PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be soft-
ware programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.
RB0/INT 33 36 8 I/O TTL/ST(1) RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin.
RB1 34 37 9 I/O TTL
RB2 35 38 10 I/O TTL
RB3/PGM 36 39 11 I/O TTL RB3 can also be the low voltage programming input.
RB4 37 41 14 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB5 38 42 15 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB6/PGC 39 43 16 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin.
Serial programming clock.
RB7/PGD 40 44 17 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt-on-change pin or In-Circuit Debugger pin.
Serial programming data.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as an external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as general purpose I/O and a TTL input when used in the Parallel
Slave Port mode (for interfacing to a microprocessor bus).
4: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

DS30292C-page 8  2001 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87X
TABLE 1-2: PIC16F874 AND PIC16F877 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
DIP PLCC QFP I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Pin# Type Type
PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 15 16 32 I/O ST RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or a
Timer1 clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 16 18 35 I/O ST RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input or
Capture2 input/Compare2 output/PWM2 output.
RC2/CCP1 17 19 36 I/O ST RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1
output/PWM1 output.
RC3/SCK/SCL 18 20 37 I/O ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/
output for both SPI and I2C modes.
RC4/SDI/SDA 23 25 42 I/O ST RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or
data I/O (I2C mode).
RC5/SDO 24 26 43 I/O ST RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out (SPI mode).
RC6/TX/CK 25 27 44 I/O ST RC6 can also be the USART Asynchronous Transmit
or Synchronous Clock.
RC7/RX/DT 26 29 1 I/O ST RC7 can also be the USART Asynchronous Receive
or Synchronous Data.
PORTD is a bi-directional I/O port or parallel slave port
when interfacing to a microprocessor bus.
RD0/PSP0 19 21 38 I/O ST/TTL(3)
RD1/PSP1 20 22 39 I/O ST/TTL(3)
RD2/PSP2 21 23 40 I/O ST/TTL(3)
RD3/PSP3 22 24 41 I/O ST/TTL(3)
RD4/PSP4 27 30 2 I/O ST/TTL(3)
RD5/PSP5 28 31 3 I/O ST/TTL(3)
RD6/PSP6 29 32 4 I/O ST/TTL(3)
RD7/PSP7 30 33 5 I/O ST/TTL(3)
PORTE is a bi-directional I/O port.
RE0/RD/AN5 8 9 25 I/O ST/TTL(3) RE0 can also be read control for the parallel slave
port, or analog input5.
RE1/WR/AN6 9 10 26 I/O ST/TTL(3) RE1 can also be write control for the parallel slave
port, or analog input6.
RE2/CS/AN7 10 11 27 I/O ST/TTL(3) RE2 can also be select control for the parallel slave
port, or analog input7.
VSS 12,31 13,34 6,29 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 11,32 12,35 7,28 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
NC — 1,17,28, 12,13, — These pins are not internally connected. These pins
40 33,34 should be left unconnected.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as an external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as general purpose I/O and a TTL input when used in the Parallel
Slave Port mode (for interfacing to a microprocessor bus).
4: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30292C-page 9