DOCTOR APPOINTMENT SYSTEM AND

ONLINE PHARMACY

Dolly Verma(20013440028)
Shivam Sharma(20013440082)
Shymal Gorai(20013440085)
Jayprakash Mahato(20013440033)
Kushal Karan(20013440040)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

R.V.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
JHARKHAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

2020-2024
 A
Project Report
On
DOCTOR APPOINTMENT SYSTEM AND
ONLINE PHARMACY
Submitted in partial fulfillment
For the award of degree in

Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Science and Engineering
by
1. Name: - Dolly Verma University Roll No - 20013440028
2. Name: - Jayprakash Mahato University Roll No - 20013440033
3. Name: - Shivam Sharma University Roll No - 20013440082
4. Name: - Shymal Gorai University Roll No - 20013440085
5. Name: - Kushal Karan University Roll No - 20013440040

Under the guidance of

Prof. Sangeeta
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

R. V.S. College of Engineering and Technology
Jamshedpur – 831012

2020 - 2024
I
 Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Doctor Appointment System and
Online Pharmacy” is done by Dolly Verma Regd. No:- (20013440028) , Jayprakash
Mahato Regd. No:- (20013440033) , Shymal Gorai Regd. No:- (200134400585) ,
Shivam Sharma Regd. No:- (20013440082) , Kushal Karan Regd. No:- (20013440040)
in the partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer
Science & Engineering during the academic year 2020-24. This work is submitted to the
department as a part of evaluation of 8th Semester Project.

Prof. Sangeeta
Assistant Profesor, Department of CSE Prof. Jeevan Kumar
Project Guide H.O.D, CSE

Signature of External

Date: / /2024
Place: RVSCET, Jamshedpur

II
 DECLARATION

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words
and where others ideas or words have been included. We have adequately cited
and referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all
principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We
understand that any violation of the above will cause for disciplinary action by
the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus
not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken
when needed.

1. JAYPRAKASH MAHATO

2. DOLLY VERMA

3. SHYMAL GORAI

4. SHIVAM SHARMA

5. KUSHAL KARAN

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We avail this opportunity to express our profound sense of

gratitude to Prof. Sangeeta for her constant supervision,
guidance and encouragement right from the beginning till the
completion of the project.

We wish to thank all the faculty members and supporting

staffs of Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering for their
valuable suggestions, timely advice and encouragement.

1. Jayprakash Mahato

2. Dolly Verma

3. Shymal Gorai

4. Shivam Sharma

5. Kushal Karan

IV
 Abstract

The integration of a Doctor Appointment System and Online Pharmacy enhances healthcare
efficiency and convenience by streamlining appointment scheduling and medication access.
Patients can book, reschedule, and cancel appointments online, receive automated reminders, and
access medical records easily. The system enables direct prescription filling through an integrated
medical store, promoting timely medication access and adherence to treatment plans. Healthcare
providers benefit from real-time updates, reduced administrative burdens, accurate patient
information, and improved clinical decision-making, offering a holistic approach to patient care
by linking appointments, medical records, and pharmacy services.

V
 Content

1. Introduction……………………….…… Pg. No. 1

1.1 Purpose……………………………………. Pg. No. 2

1.2 Project Scope……………………………... Pg. No. 3

1.3 Product Features…………………………. Pg. No. 4

2. Literature Review………………….…... Pg. No. 6

3. System Analysis………………….……... Pg. No. 7

3.1 Software Requirements……………………Pg. No. 7
3.2 Hardware Requirements…………………. Pg. No. 8
3.3 User (Questionnaires)…………………….. Pg. No. 8

4. System Design & Specifications………...Pg. No. 11

4.1 High Level Design (HLD)………….. Pg. No. 11

4.1.1 Project Model……….……..……………... Pg. No. 12

4.1.2 Working Flow Chart….……..…….……... Pg. No. 13
4.1.3 DFD………….………….…..….………….. Pg. No. 16
4.1.4 E-R Diagram………………….…………... Pg. No. 19
4.1.5 UML (Use Case Diagram) …..….….……...Pg. No. 20

4.2 Low Level Design (LLD)

4.2.1 Screen-Shot Diagram…………...…………. Pg. No. 21

VI
5. Coding……………………………….…. Pg. No. 25
5.1 Backend…………………..………….... Pg. No. 25
5.2 Frontend …………………..………….. Pg. No. 27
5.3 Database …………………..………….. Pg. No. 28

6. Testing……………………..……….…… Pg. No. 30

6.1 Unit Testing……………………..…… Pg. No. 30
6.2 Integration Testing………………….. Pg. No. 31

7. Conclusion & Limitations……………... Pg. No. 33

7.1 Conclusion ………………………..…… Pg. No. 33
7.2 Limitations ……………………….….... Pg. No. 34

8. Reference/Bibliography…………….…... Pg. No. 35

VII
 List of Figures

S.NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

Fig 4.1 Working Flow Chart 14
Fig 4.2 DFD Diagram Symbols 16
Fig 4.3 DFD Level 0 17
Fig 4.4 DFD Level 1 18
Fig 4.5 ER Diagram 19
Fig 4.6 Use Case Diagram 20
Fig 4.7 Home Page 21
Fig 4.8 Login Page 22
Fig 4.9 Appointment Booking 22
Page
Fig 4.10 Services 23
Fig 4.11 Home Page (Online 23
Pharmacy)
Fig 4.12 Categories (Online 24
Pharmacy)
Fig 4.13 Payment Page 24

VIII
 Chapter 1

Introduction

The Doctor Appointment System integrated with a Medical Store is an innovative healthcare
solution designed to streamline and enhance the delivery of medical services. This system
addresses the growing need for efficient and convenient ways to manage medical appointments
and access prescribed medications, leveraging modern technology to improve patient experiences
and optimize healthcare operations.
In traditional healthcare settings, scheduling appointments and managing prescriptions can be
cumbersome and time-consuming for both patients and healthcare providers. Manual processes
often lead to errors, long wait times, and increased administrative burdens. Moreover, patients
frequently face challenges in accessing their prescribed medications promptly, which can
negatively impact their adherence to treatment plans and overall health outcomes. The integration
of a doctor appointment system with a medical store aims to address these issues by providing a
unified platform for managing appointments and prescriptions.
The integrated system offers a comprehensive solution that includes features for booking,
rescheduling, and canceling appointments with healthcare providers. Patients can access these
features online, through web portals or mobile applications, providing flexibility and convenience.
Automated reminders and notifications help reduce no-shows and ensure patients are well-
informed about their upcoming appointments.
The medical store integration allows patients to directly fill their prescriptions through the system,
ensuring timely access to medications. This seamless connection between appointment scheduling
and prescription management supports better adherence to treatment plans and enhances patient
satisfaction. The system also includes a centralized database that maintains accurate patient
records, which are accessible to healthcare providers for informed clinical decision-making.
For patients, the system offers several advantages, including ease of booking appointments,
reduced wait times, and immediate access to their prescribed medications. This convenience
translates into a more positive healthcare experience and better health outcomes. Healthcare
providers benefit from reduced administrative tasks, real-time updates on their schedules, and a
more organized approach to patient management. The system's analytics and reporting features
provide valuable insights into patient demographics, appointment trends, and medication usage
patterns, aiding in strategic planning and continuous improvement.

1
1.1 Purpose

The Doctor Appointment System with integrated Medical Store is a comprehensive digital
platform designed to enhance the efficiency, convenience, and overall quality of healthcare
service delivery. This project aims to streamline the process of scheduling medical
appointments and accessing prescribed medications, providing a seamless experience for
both patients and healthcare providers.

Main purpose-

A)Appointment Scheduling

The system allows patients to book, reschedule, and cancel appointments online through a
web portal or mobile application. Real-time availability of healthcare providers is
displayed, enabling patients to choose convenient appointment times. Automated reminders
and notifications are sent to patients to reduce the likelihood of missed appointments.

B) Medical Store Integration

Patients can access a digital medical store linked to the appointment system, where they
can fill their prescriptions directly. This integration ensures that patients receive their
medications promptly after consultations, supporting better adherence to prescribed
treatments.

C) Centralized Patient Records

A centralized database maintains comprehensive patient records, including medical

histories, appointment details, and prescription information. This database is accessible to
healthcare providers, facilitating informed clinical decision-making and continuity of care.

D) Reporting and Analytics

The system includes robust reporting and analytics features that provide insights into
appointment trends, patient demographics, and medication usage patterns. These insights
help healthcare administrators in strategic planning and optimizing resource allocation.

2
1.2 Project Scope

The primary aim of the Doctor Appointment System with integrated Medical Store is to create a
seamless, efficient, and user-friendly platform that enhances the overall healthcare experience for
patients and healthcare providers. This integrated system seeks to streamline the process of
booking medical appointments and accessing prescribed medications, thereby improving
operational efficiency, patient satisfaction, and adherence to treatment plans.

1.2.1 Project Objectives

I) Enhance Appointment Scheduling Efficiency:

The system aims to simplify the appointment scheduling process by allowing patients to book,
reschedule, and cancel appointments online. This objective includes providing real-time visibility
of healthcare providers' availability, thereby reducing waiting times and minimizing scheduling
conflicts.

II) Improve Patient Access to Medications:

By integrating a digital medical store, the system ensures that patients can conveniently fill their
prescriptions immediately after their appointments. This feature aims to eliminate the delays
associated with traditional prescription processing, promoting timely adherence to treatment
regimens.

III) Centralize Patient Information:

The project seeks to maintain a comprehensive and centralized database of patient records,
including medical histories, appointment details, and prescription information. This centralized
approach aims to facilitate better clinical decision-making and ensure continuity of care by making
accurate and up-to-date information readily accessible to healthcare providers.

IV) Reduce Administrative Burdens:

By automating routine administrative tasks such as appointment scheduling and reminder
notifications, the system aims to reduce the workload on healthcare staff. This objective is intended
to free up valuable time for healthcare providers to focus more on direct patient care and improve
overall clinic efficiency.

V) Enhance Patient Engagement and Satisfaction:

The system aims to improve patient engagement by providing a user-friendly interface and
automated notifications for upcoming appointments and prescription refills. This feature is
designed to keep patients informed and engaged in their healthcare journey, thereby enhancing
their overall satisfaction and experience.

3
1.3 Project Features

The Doctor Appointment System and Online Pharmacy is designed to provide a comprehensive,
user-friendly platform that significantly improves the efficiency of healthcare services. The
system's robust feature set ensures a seamless experience for both patients and healthcare
providers, addressing key aspects of appointment scheduling, medication management, and overall
healthcare delivery.

I) Online Appointment Scheduling

At the core of the system is a powerful online appointment scheduling feature. Patients can easily
book, reschedule, and cancel appointments through a web portal or mobile application. The system
displays real-time availability of healthcare providers, enabling patients to choose convenient
times that fit their schedules. This feature reduces the need for phone calls or in-person visits to
book appointments, saving time and effort for both patients and administrative staff.

II) Rescheduled Appointments

To enhance patient adherence and reduce no-show rates, the system includes automated
notifications and reminders. Patients receive timely alerts about upcoming appointments, changes
to their schedules, and necessary pre-appointment preparations. Additionally, notifications for
prescription refills and medication pickups ensure that patients remain compliant with their
treatment plans. These automated communications help maintain an organized schedule and
improve the overall efficiency of healthcare delivery.

III) Integrated Medical Store

The integration of a digital medical store within the system allows patients to fill their prescriptions
directly after their appointments. This seamless connection between healthcare consultations and
medication fulfillment eliminates the need for patients to visit a pharmacy separately, ensuring
they receive their medications promptly. The medical store feature provides detailed information
about prescribed drugs, including dosage instructions and potential side effects, supporting better
patient understanding and adherence.

IV) Maintained Patient Records

A centralized database maintains comprehensive patient records, encompassing medical histories,

appointment details, and prescription information. This feature ensures that healthcare providers
have immediate access to accurate and up-to-date patient information, facilitating informed

4
clinical decision-making and continuity of care. The centralized records also streamline
administrative processes and reduce the likelihood of errors associated with manual data entry.

V) Reporting and Analytics

The system includes robust reporting and analytics capabilities that provide valuable insights into
various aspects of healthcare delivery. Healthcare administrators can access detailed reports on
appointment trends, patient demographics, medication usage patterns, and provider performance.
These insights aid in strategic planning, resource allocation, and continuous improvement of
healthcare services. The analytics feature supports data-driven decision-making, ensuring that
healthcare providers can optimize their operations effectively.

VI) Telemedicine Integration

Looking towards the future, the system can be enhanced with telemedicine capabilities, allowing
for remote consultations between patients and healthcare providers. This feature is particularly
beneficial for patients in rural areas, those with mobility issues, or during times when in-person
visits are not feasible, such as during a pandemic. Telemedicine integration supports video
consultations, secure messaging, and digital transmission of medical records, providing
comprehensive remote care options.

VII) Customizable User Profiles

The system allows for customizable user profiles where patients can manage their personal
information, view their medical history, track appointment schedules, and review past
prescriptions. Healthcare providers can also customize their profiles to manage their schedules,
patient lists, and communication preferences. This personalization enhances the user experience
and ensures that the system meets the unique needs of each user.

VIII) Payment Integration

For added convenience, the system can integrate payment processing features, allowing patients
to pay for consultations, treatments, and medications directly through the platform. This
integration supports various payment methods, including credit cards, debit cards, and digital
wallets, providing a seamless and hassle-free payment experience. Secure payment gateways
ensure that transactions are safe and protected.

5
 Chapter 2
Literature Review

Smith J. et. al.[1] proposed that the medical application that automates the medical facilities,
reducing unnecessary human efforts. It provides instant access to medical support and ambulance
services with a simple click, streamlining healthcare processes. Healthcare providers, including
doctors and clinics, are increasingly seeking such applications to automate their services, making
your subscription model highly sought-after and contributing to your financial success.

Brown M.T. et. al.[2] proposed the medical applications that is built with telemedicine
features enable patients to communicate with a health practitioner at a distance and make
unnecessary clinic visits a thing of the past. This is especially true for those communities
with less accessibility and limited mobility.

White L.E. et. al.[3] proposed a project - appointment booking system that provides patients or
any user an easy way of booking a doctor’s appointment online. This is a web based application
that overcomes the issue of managing and booking appointments according to user’s choice or
demands. The task sometimes becomes very tedious for the compounder or doctor himself in
manually allotting appointments for the users as per their availability. Hence this project offers an
effective solution where users can view various booking slots available and select the preferred
date and time.

Ahmed M. et. al.[4] proposed that healthcare application development enables the process
optimization within hospitals and private practices. Process optimization is also something that
occurs in almost every industry with the help of technology. Medical personnel can use apps to
manage resources and make sure they have enough medical supplies. Using modern technology,
physicians can streamline their schedule, automate certain mundane tasks and increase efficiency.

García-Gómez et. al.[5] proposed a healthcare application development also provide remote
monitoring of patients’ vital signs using various IoT devices. The devices capture, record and store
the information and notify clinicians when a particular patient might be at risk. Catching a
symptom early on increases the chances for successful treatment or management, even in case of
serious conditions. These devices come in various forms: watches, fitness trackers, wristbands and
more.

6
 Chapter 3
System Analysis

System analysis involves understanding the software and hardware requirements necessary to
develop and run the Food Ordering website effectively, as well as gathering user requirements
through questionnaires.

3.1 Software Requirements

1. Operating System:
Linux (Ubuntu, CentOS, etc.), macOS, or Windows.
2. Python:
Python 3.8 or later.
3. Django:
Django 3.2 or later (LTS versions preferred).
4. Database:
SQLite (for development and small projects).
PostgreSQL (recommended for production).
MySQL or MariaDB (alternatives to PostgreSQL).
Other databases supported by Django’s ORM.
5. Web Server:
Development: Django’s built-in development server.
6.Version Control System:
Git.
7.Virtual Environment:
venv (Python's built-in virtual environment tool).
8.Front-end Technologies:
HTML, CSS, JavaScript

7
3.2 Hardware Requirements
1.Server: A cloud-based server (e.g., AWS EC2, Google Cloud Compute Engine) with the

following minimum specifications:

2. CPU: Quad-core processor

 RAM: 8GB

 Storage: 160GB SSD (for faster data access and better performance)

 Development and Testing Machines: Computers with the following minimum

specifications for developers and testers:

 CPU: Intel i5 processor or equivalent

 RAM: 8GB

 Storage: 256GB SSD

 Operating System: Windows, macOS, or Linux

 Networking: High-speed internet connection for seamless development, testing, and

deployment activities.

3.3 User Questionarires

Patient Questionnaire
1. Personal Information:
⚫ Name
⚫ Age
⚫ Gender

Contact Information (Phone, Email)

2. Appointment Booking Preferences:

⚫ How often do you book medical appointments?

8
 ⚫ How do you currently book appointments (phone, online, in-person)?

⚫ What time of day do you prefer to book appointments (morning, afternoon, evening)?

3. System Usability:

⚫ How comfortable are you with using online booking systems? (Not comfortable, Somewhat
comfortable, Very comfortable)

⚫ What devices do you use for online activities? (Smartphone, Tablet, Computer)

⚫ Do you prefer a mobile app or a web-based system?

4. Features and Functionality:

⚫ What features are important to you in an appointment booking system? (e.g., reminders,
easy cancellation, rescheduling, access to medical records)

⚫ Would you like to receive appointment reminders? If yes, how? (Email, SMS, App
notification)

⚫ How important is it for you to see available time slots in real-time?

5. Feedback and Improvement:

⚫ Have you faced any issues with current booking methods? Please specify.

⚫ What improvements would you like to see in an appointment booking system?

Doctor Questionnaire

1. Personal Information:

⚫ Name

⚫ Specialty

⚫ Contact Information (Phone, Email)

9
2. Appointment Management:

⚫ How do you currently manage your appointments? (Personal assistant, Online system, Paper-
based)

⚫ How many appointments do you handle per day/week?

⚫ What are your preferred hours for patient appointments?

3. System Usability:

⚫ How comfortable are you with using online systems for appointment management? (Not
comfortable, Somewhat comfortable, Very comfortable)

⚫ What devices do you use to manage appointments? (Smartphone, Tablet, Computer)

4. Features and Functionality:

⚫ What features are essential for managing appointments? (e.g., patient history, reminders,
scheduling flexibility)

⚫ How important is real-time appointment updating for you?

⚫ Would you prefer integrated patient records with the appointment system?

5. Feedback and Improvement:

⚫ Have you faced any issues with current appointment management methods? Please specify.

⚫ What improvements would you like to see in an appointment management system?

10
 Chapter 4
System Design & Specifications

4.1 High-Level Design (HLD)

A high-level diagram provides an abstract view of the system, illustrating the main components
and their interactions without delving into detailed technical specifics. Below is an example of a
high-level diagram for a Doctor Appointment System with an integrated Medical Store .

Explanation of Components

I) User Interface: This package contains the portals that different types of users interact with:
⚫ Patient Portal: Allows patients to book appointments, receive notifications, access their
medical records, and interact with the medical store.
⚫ Doctor Portal: Enables doctors to manage their schedules, access patient records, and update
patient information.
⚫ Admin Portal: Used by administrators to oversee system operations, manage appointments,
and handle user accounts.

II) Core System: This package includes the core functionalities of the system:
⚫ Appointment Scheduler: Manages the scheduling, rescheduling, and canceling of
appointments.
⚫ Notification System: Sends automated reminders and notifications to patients and doctors.
⚫ Medical Store Interface: Facilitates the integration with the medical store, allowing patients
to fill prescriptions.
⚫ Patient Records Management: Handles the storage and retrieval of patient medical records.

III) Data Storage: This package consists of the databases used to store system data:
⚫ Patient Database: Stores patient information and medical records.
⚫ Appointment Database: Stores appointment details and schedules.
⚫ Medical Store Database: Stores information related to medications and prescriptions.

IV) External Systems: This package includes systems that integrate with the core system:
⚫ Telemedicine System: Provides remote consultation capabilities.
⚫ Payment Gateway: Facilitates secure payment processing for services and medications.
⚫ User Portals and Core System: Patients, doctors, and admins use their respective portals to
interact with the core functionalities like scheduling appointments, managing records, and
receiving notifications.

11
4.1.1 Project Model

A project model for the Doctor Appointment System with an integrated Medical Store provides a
structured approach to understand the various components, processes, and interactions within the
system. Below, we'll outline a project model using UML diagrams, including use case diagrams,
activity diagrams, and sequence diagrams.

Explanation of Components

I) Use Case Diagram

A) Actors:
⚫ Patient: Books, reschedules, and cancels appointments, receives notifications, accesses
medical records, and fills prescriptions.
⚫ Doctor: Manages appointments and updates patient records.
⚫ Admin: Oversees system operations.
⚫ Pharmacist: Fills prescriptions.

B) Use Cases:
⚫ Book Appointment: Allows patients to schedule a new appointment.
⚫ Reschedule Appointment: Enables patients to change their appointment time.
⚫ Cancel Appointment: Allows patients to cancel an existing appointment.
⚫ Receive Notifications: Sends notifications to patients about appointments and prescription
refills.

II) Activity Diagram

The activity diagram for booking an appointment demonstrates the workflow:

⚫ Patient selects "Book Appointment": The patient initiates the booking process.
⚫ Patient logs in: The system authenticates the patient.
⚫ Display available slots: The system shows available appointment times.
⚫ Patient selects slot: The patient chooses a convenient time.
⚫ Confirm appointment: The system confirms the booking and updates the database.
⚫ Send confirmation notification: A notification is sent to the patient.

III) Sequence Diagram

The sequence diagram details the interaction:

12
 ⚫ Log in: The patient logs in through the portal, which verifies credentials with the database.
⚫ Select "Book Appointment": The patient chooses to book an appointment.
⚫ Request available slots: The portal requests available times from the scheduler.
⚫ Return available slots: The scheduler sends back the available slots.
⚫ Select slot: The patient picks a time.
⚫ Confirm appointment: The portal sends the confirmation to the scheduler.
⚫ Update appointment details: The scheduler updates the patient database.
⚫ Trigger confirmation notification: The scheduler notifies the notification system.
⚫ Send confirmation notification: The notification system sends a confirmation to the patient.

4.1.2 Working Flow Chart

A working flow chart provides a hierarchical representation of the system’s modules and their
relationships. It illustrates the breakdown of the system into smaller, manageable components,
each with a specific responsibility. Below is a working flow chart for the Doctor Appointment
System with an integrated Medical Store.

Components of a Workflow Chart

1. Start/End (Terminator): Represented by an oval or rounded rectangle, it signifies the beginning

or end of the process.
2. Process: Represented by a rectangle, it denotes a task or activity within the workflow.
3. Decision: Represented by a diamond shape, it indicates a point where a decision is made,
leading to different paths based on the outcome.
4. Input/Output: Represented by a parallelogram, it shows where data is input into or output from
the process.
5. Arrows: Indicate the flow of the process from one step to the next.
6. Connectors: Small circles or arrows used to connect different parts of the chart, especially useful
for large charts spanning multiple pages.

13
Fig 4.1 Working Flow Chart

14
Explanation of the Working Flow Chart

I) Doctor Appointment System with Integrated Medical Store:

⚫ This is the top-level module representing the entire system. It contains submodules
categorized under User Interface, Core System, Data Storage, and External Systems.

II) User Interface:

⚫ Patient Portal: Interface for patients to book, reschedule, and cancel appointments, access
medical records, receive notifications, and fill prescriptions.
⚫ Doctor Portal: Interface for doctors to manage appointments, view and update patient
records, and access notifications.
⚫ Admin Portal: Interface for administrators to oversee system operations, manage user
accounts, and handle system settings.

III) Core System:

⚫ Appointment Scheduler: Manages the scheduling, rescheduling, and cancellation of
appointments. Interacts with the patient database and appointment database.
⚫ Notification System: Sends automated notifications and reminders to patients and doctors
regarding appointments and prescriptions.
⚫ Medical Store Interface: Integrates with the medical store, allowing patients to fill
prescriptions and access medication-related information.
⚫ Patient Records Management: Manages patient medical records, ensuring accurate and up-
to-date information is maintained in the patient database.

IV) Data Storage:

⚫ Patient Database: Stores patient information, medical histories, and records.
⚫ Appointment Database: Stores appointment details, schedules, and related information.
⚫ Medical Store Database: Stores information related to medications, prescriptions, and
inventory.

V) External Systems:
⚫ Telemedicine System: Provides capabilities for remote consultations between patients and
healthcare providers.
⚫ Payment Gateway: Facilitates secure payment processing for medical services and
medications.

15
4.1.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) represents the flow of data within information systems. Data Flow
Diagrams (DFD) provide a graphical representation of the data flow of a system that can be
understood by both technical and non-technical users. The models enable software engineers,
customers, and users to work together effectively during the analysis and specification of
requirements.

Data Flow Diagram Symbols:

Fig 4.2 DFD Diagram Symbols

Context level DFD :

The context level data flow diagram (dfd) is describe the whole system. The (0) level dfd
describe the all user module who operate the system. Below data flow diagram of online
library management site shows the two user can operate the system Admin and Member
user.

16
LEVEL 0

DFD Level 0 is also called a Context Diagram. It's a basic overview of the whole system
or process being analyzed or modeled. It's designed to be an at-a-glance view, showing the
system as a single high-level process, with its relationship to external entities.

Fig 4.3 DFD Level 0

17
LEVEL 1

Level 1 DFDs are still a general overview, but they go into more detail than a context
diagram. In level 1 DFD, the single process node from the context diagram is broken down
into sub-processes. As these processes are added, the diagram will need additional data
flows and data stores to link them together.

Fig 4.4 DFD Level 1

18
4.1.4 ER-Diagram

Fig 4.5 ER-Diagram

19
4.1.5 UML (Use Case Diagram)

Fig 4.6 Use Case Diagram

20
4.2 Low Level Design (LLD)

Low-Level Design (LLD) focuses on the implementation details of the system, describing how
each component of the system will be developed. It involves detailed designs for the modules and
submodules identified in the high-level design, including data structures, algorithms, and
interaction mechanisms.

4.2.1 Screenshot Diagram:

Home page

Fig 4.7 Home Page

21
Login Page

Fig 4.8 Login Page

Appointment Booking Page

Fig 4.9 Appointment Booking Page

22
Services

Fig 4.10 Services

Online Pharmacy

Homepage

Fig 4.11 Home Page

23
Categories

Fig 4.12 Categories

Payment page

Fig 4.13 Payment page

24
 Chapter 5
CODING
Sample Codes

5.1 Backend

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.contrib import messages
from .models import Slider, Service, Doctor, Faq, Gallery
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView, TemplateView

class HomeView(ListView):
template_name = 'hospital/index.html'
queryset = Service.objects.all()
context_object_name = 'services'

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):

context = super().get_context_data()
context['sliders'] = Slider.objects.all()
context['experts'] = Doctor.objects.all()
return context

class ServiceListView(ListView):
queryset = Service.objects.all()
template_name = "hospital/services.html"

class ServiceDetailView(DetailView):
queryset = Service.objects.all()
template_name = "hospital/service_details.html"

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):

context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
context["services"] = Service.objects.all()
return context

25
class DoctorListView(ListView):
template_name = 'hospital/team.html'
queryset = Doctor.objects.all()
paginate_by = 8

class DoctorDetailView(DetailView):
template_name = 'hospital/team-details.html'
queryset = Doctor.objects.all()

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):

context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
context["doctors"] = Doctor.objects.all()
return context

class FaqListView(ListView):
template_name = 'hospital/faqs.html'
queryset = Faq.objects.all()

class GalleryListView(ListView):
template_name = 'hospital/gallery.html'
queryset = Gallery.objects.all()
paginate_by = 9

class ContactView(TemplateView):
template_name = "hospital/contact.html"

def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

name = request.POST.get('name')
email = request.POST.get('email')
phone = request.POST.get('phone')
subject = request.POST.get('subject')
message = request.POST.get('message')

if subject == '':
subject = "Heartcare Contact"

26
 if name and message and email and phone:
send_mail(
subject+"-"+phone,
message,
email,
['[email protected]'],
fail_silently=False,
)
messages.success(request, " Email hasbeen sent successfully...")

return redirect('contact')

5.2 Frontend

<!--Services Section Start-->

<section class="home-services">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="section-title-3">
<strong>Our Departments</strong>
<h2>Departmental Services</h2>
</div>
</div>
<!--service style 1-->
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="service-style-1">
<div class="row">
<!--service box start-->
{% for service in services %}
<div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
<div class="service-box">
<div class="ser-thumb">
<a href="{% url 'service_details' service.id %}"class="view">
<i class="fa fa-heartbeat" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
<img src="{{ service.thumbnail.url }}" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="ser-content">
<h3>

27
<a href="{% url 'service_details' service.id %}">{{ service.title }}</a>
</h3>
<p>{{ service.description|truncatewords:15 }}</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<!--service box End-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--service style 1 End-->
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!--Services Section End-->

5.3 Database

from django.db import models

from hospital.models import Doctor
from django.utils import timezone

class Appointment(models.Model):
time_choices = (
('morning', "Morning"),
('evening', "Evening")
)
name = models.CharField(max_length=120)
phone = models.CharField(max_length=20)
email = models.EmailField()
doctor = models.ForeignKey(
Doctor, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='appointments')
date = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)
time = models.CharField(choices=time_choices, max_length=10)
note = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

28
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.name}-{self.doctor.name}"

class Doctor(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=120)
speciality = models.CharField(max_length=120)
picture = models.ImageField(upload_to="doctors/")
details = models.TextField()
experience = models.TextField()
expertize = models.ManyToManyField(to='Expertize', related_name='doctors')
twitter = models.CharField(max_length=120, blank=True, null=True)
facebook = models.CharField(max_length=120, blank=True, null=True)
instagram = models.CharField(max_length=120, blank=True, null=True)

class Gallery(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="gallery/")

def __str__(self):
return self.title

class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "Galleries"

29
 Chapter 6
TESTING
6.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing is a critical phase in the software development lifecycle, focusing on verifying that
individual components or units of the system function correctly in isolation. For the Doctor
Appointment System with Integrated Medical Store, unit testing ensures that the smallest parts of
the system, such as classes and methods, perform as expected. This process involves creating and
executing tests for various system components, including patient management, appointment
scheduling, notification services, medical store interactions, and database operations.

⚫ Patient Management Testing - involves validating that patients can log in, book appointments,
view their scheduled appointments, and request prescription fills correctly. Unit tests for the
Patient class check methods such as `bookAppointment()`, `viewAppointments()`, and
`fillPrescription()`. These tests ensure that patients can interact with the system smoothly,
without errors, and receive appropriate responses based on their actions.

⚫ Doctor Management Testing - focuses on ensuring that doctors can view their appointment
schedules and update patient medical records accurately. Tests for the Doctor class verify
methods like `viewAppointments()` and `updatePatientRecords()`, confirming that doctors
have reliable access to appointment data and can maintain accurate patient records. These tests
help ensure the system supports doctors' needs efficiently and reliably.

⚫ Appointment Scheduling Testing - is crucial for validating the core functionality of the system.
The Appointment Scheduler component is tested for its ability to create, cancel, and
reschedule appointments. Unit tests check methods such as `createAppointment()`,
`cancelAppointment()`, and `rescheduleAppointment()` to ensure that the scheduling logic
works correctly and that the system can handle appointment changes dynamically. These tests
help guarantee that appointment management is seamless for both patients and doctors.

⚫ Notification System Testing - ensures that the system can effectively communicate with users.
Tests for the Notification System verify that notifications are sent correctly when events like
appointment bookings or cancellations occur. Methods such as `sendNotification()` are tested
to confirm that messages are delivered promptly and accurately to the intended recipients,
keeping patients and doctors informed about their appointments.

⚫ Medical Store Interface Testing - involves verifying that the system can handle interactions
related to medication requests and prescription fills. Unit tests for the Medical Store Interface
check methods like `fillPrescription()` and `checkMedicationAvailability()` to ensure that the

30
 system accurately processes prescription requests and provides up-to-date information on
medication availability. These tests help ensure that patients can seamlessly obtain their
prescribed medications through the integrated medical store.

⚫ Database Operations Testing - is essential for validating the data storage and retrieval
processes. Data Access Objects (DAOs) for patient, appointment, and medical store databases
are tested to ensure that CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations work correctly.
Tests for methods such as `addPatient()`, `getPatient()`, `updatePatient()`,
`addAppointment()`, and `getMedication()` confirm that data is managed accurately and
efficiently within the system. These tests help maintain data integrity and reliability across the
system.

6.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing is a crucial step in the software testing process, focusing on verifying the
interactions between integrated units or components to ensure they work together as expected. For
the Doctor Appointment System with Integrated Medical Store, integration testing involves testing
the interactions between various modules, such as patient management, appointment scheduling,
notification services, and medical store operations, to ensure seamless functionality across the
entire system.

⚫ Testing the Patient and Appointment Scheduler Integration - is essential to verify that patients
can successfully book appointments through the system. This involves ensuring that the
`bookAppointment()` method in the Patient class correctly communicates with the
Appointment Scheduler to create a new appointment. Integration tests will check that data is
correctly passed from the patient’s input to the scheduler, and that the appointment details are
accurately stored in the Appointment Database. These tests also confirm that patients receive
proper confirmation of their bookings.

⚫ Doctor and Appointment Scheduler Interaction - must be tested to ensure that doctors can
view and manage their appointments. Integration testing will involve verifying that the
`viewAppointments()` method in the Doctor class correctly retrieves appointment data from
the Appointment Scheduler. Additionally, tests will check that any updates made by doctors,
such as rescheduling or canceling appointments, are accurately reflected in the Appointment
Database. This ensures that doctors have reliable access to their schedules and that
appointment data remains consistent.

⚫ Integration of Notification System with Appointment Scheduling - is crucial to ensure that

users receive timely notifications. This involves testing the interaction between the
Appointment Scheduler and the Notification System. For example, when an appointment is

31
 booked, rescheduled, or canceled, the scheduler should trigger the `sendNotification()`
method, which sends appropriate notifications to patients and doctors. Integration tests will
verify that notifications are correctly generated and delivered based on various appointment
events, ensuring effective communication within the system.

⚫ Patient and Medical Store Interface Integration - needs thorough testing to confirm that
patients can successfully request and fill prescriptions. This includes testing the
`fillPrescription()` method in the Patient class and its interaction with the Medical Store
Interface. Tests will ensure that prescription requests are accurately processed, that the
Medical Store Database is correctly queried for medication availability, and that pharmacists
receive the necessary information to fulfill the prescriptions. These tests help ensure that the
integration between the patient module and the medical store operates smoothly.

⚫ Database Integration - is another critical aspect, ensuring that all data interactions between the
system and the databases are seamless. This involves testing the integration of various DAOs
(Data Access Objects) with their respective databases, such as the Patient Database,
Appointment Database, and Medical Store Database. Integration tests will verify that data is
correctly stored, retrieved, and updated across different modules, ensuring data consistency
and integrity throughout the system.

32
 Chapter 7

CONCLUSIONS & LIMITATIONS

7.1 Conclusion:
The Doctor Appointment Booking System project has successfully addressed critical needs
within healthcare service delivery by providing an efficient, user-friendly, and secure
platform for managing patient appointments. This system revolutionizes the way
appointments are booked, rescheduled, and canceled, significantly enhancing the patient
experience. Patients can now access the system online, reducing wait times and improving
satisfaction by providing the convenience of booking appointments at any time and from
any location. Automated reminders and notifications ensure patients are well-informed,
which minimizes no-shows and helps maintain adherence to treatment schedules.

From an operational perspective, the system streamlines administrative tasks, reducing the
workload on healthcare staff and allowing them to focus more on patient care. Real-time
updates on doctors’ availability and resource optimization ensure better utilization of
healthcare providers' time and clinic facilities. This efficiency leads to a more organized
and productive healthcare environment, where both patients and providers benefit from a
smoother appointment management process.

Furthermore, the centralized storage of patient information, including medical histories and
appointment records, ensures that healthcare providers have quick and easy access to
accurate data. This access is crucial for informed decision-making, better diagnosis, and
effective treatment planning. Integration with Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems
enhances the comprehensiveness of patient data, supporting continuity of care and
facilitating seamless information flow across different healthcare services.

33
7.2 Limitations:
I) Data Privacy and Security
⚫ Handling sensitive patient information requires stringent compliance with healthcare
regulations (e.g., HIPAA, GDPR).
⚫ Ensuring secure storage, transmission, and access control of personal health information is
complex and costly.
⚫ Potential for severe legal and reputational repercussions in case of data breaches.

II) System Integration and Synchronization

⚫ Difficulty in integrating different technologies and data formats used by medical e-
commerce platforms and appointment booking systems.
⚫ Issues with real-time data consistency can lead to double bookings, stockouts, or incorrect
order fulfillment.

III) User Experience Complexity

⚫ Combining two distinct services (medical appointments and product purchases) can
overwhelm users.
⚫ Cluttered interface with numerous features may frustrate users, especially those who are not
tech-savvy.
⚫ Diverse needs of patients and shoppers may be difficult to cater to within a single platform.

IV) Scalability Challenges

⚫ Managing increased load of users, transactions, and data as the platform grows is
challenging.
⚫ Ensuring the system can handle peak loads without performance degradation requires
significant investment in robust infrastructure.
⚫ Maintaining and updating the system with new features and integrations can be resource-
intensive.

V) Regulatory and Compliance Issues

⚫ Navigating the complex landscape of healthcare and e-commerce regulations across
different jurisdictions is daunting.
⚫ Ensuring ongoing compliance with all relevant regulations requires continuous vigilance
and adaptation.
⚫ Non-compliance can result in legal penalties, fines, and loss of business licenses.

34
 Chapter 8
REFERENCES
[1] Smith, J., and Johnson, R., Developing Online Healthcare Applications with Django, 1st Ed.,
Ch. 4, pp. 75-102, Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2020.

[2] Brown, M.T., and Davis, K.L., "Implementing Secure Online Prescription Services with
Django", Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 123-136, March 2021.

[3] White, L.E., and Patel, S.R., "Optimizing Doctor Appointment Scheduling Systems Using
Django Framework", Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics,
pp. 200-210, July 2022.

[4] Django Software Foundation, "Django Documentation", available at:

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/

[5] HealthIT.gov, "Benefits of Online Doctor Appointment Systems", available at:

https://www.healthit.gov/benefits-online-appointment-systems

[6] Ahmed, M., Li, S., and Peng, Y., "Data Security in Healthcare IT Systems: Best Practices and
Technologies", IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 22, no. 3, pp.
849-858, May 2018.

[7] García-Gómez, J.M., Fernández-Alemán, J.L., and Toval, A., "Mobile Health Applications
for Patient Management: A Review", Journal of Medical Systems, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 1-14,
February 2019.

35
Vision and Mission of RVSCET:

Vision:
To be a centre of excellence in technical and professional education and create value based
competent professionals of global standards to meet the needs of industries and for socio-
economic development of the society.

Mission:
To create teaching and learning environment that fosters accountability and creativity with
innovation. To contribute in the ethical, social, intellectual and economical development
of the society by imparting value based updated technical education. To develop institute-
industry interaction to understand the needs of industries and make our students a
competent professionals and promising entrepreneurs.

Vision and Mission Computer Science & Engineering Department:

Vision:
To develop competent computer professionals possessing innovative skills to meet
industrial & societal needs of the global standards.

Mission:
To groom our students to become technically sound computer professionals. To nurture the
spirit of social, ethical values and managerial competencies among students contributing
to the development of our nation. To develop modern computing faciliti
meet the requirements of industries. To harness innovation and research in diversified
fields benefiting the society.

36