G.C.R.

G MEMORIAL TRUST’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS,

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, BKT, LUCKNOW

Assignment

Course:-B.Tech Branch: Mechanical Engineering Semester:- 8th

Subject:- Automations and Robotics Subject Code:- KOE 091

Note: - Attempt all Questions. If require any missing data, then choose suitably.

Unit 1 (Automation)
1. Define automation and explain its importance in modern industries. List at least five advantages
of implementing automation in manufacturing processes.
2. Discuss the primary goals of automation in industrial settings.
3. Describe the different types of automation (fixed, programmable, and flexible). Provide
examples for each type.
4. Explain why automation is necessary in today's competitive industrial environment.
5. Identify and explain the key laws and principles that govern automation.
6. Discuss the essential elements of an automated system, and also discuss the role role of PLC
in automation and robotics.
7. Define fluid power and describe its main elements. Also provide examples of applications
where fluid power is utilized in industry.
8. Compare and contrast pneumatic systems with hydraulic systems in terms of operation,
advantages, and disadvantages.
9. Define fluid power with its main elements, and also provide examples of applications where
fluid power is utilized in industry.
10. Compare and contrast pneumatic systems with hydraulic systems in terms of operation,
advantages, and disadvantages.
11. Discuss the pneumatic systems and also list their benefits and limitations in industrial
applications.
12. Discuss the hydraulic systems and also list their benefits and limitations in industrial
applications.

Unit 2 (Manufacturing Automation)

1. What are the different types of automatic transfer machines or lines used in manufacturing?
Explain each type with examples.
2. Discuss the design and operational principles of rotary and inline transfer machines. How do
they differ in terms of applications and efficiency?
3. Explain the various methods used in automation for part handling and feeding. Also write their
advantages and challenges of each method.
4. Describe the process of analyzing automated flow lines. And what are the key factors to
consider to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of its?
 5. Outline the steps involved in designing a single model production line. What are the main
challenges and how can they be addressed?
6. How does the design process of multi-model production lines differ from single model lines?
Provide examples to illustrate your answer.
7. What are mixed-model production lines? Discuss the design considerations and benefits of
implementing mixed-model production lines.
8. Define programmable manufacturing automation. What are the main components and how do
they contribute to flexible manufacturing systems?
9. Explain the working principle of CNC machine tools. What are the advantages of using CNC
machines in modern manufacturing?
10. What are machining centers? Discuss their role in enhancing manufacturing productivity and
precision.
11. Describe the types of programmable robots used in manufacturing. What tasks are they
typically used for and how do they improve efficiency?
12. How is robot time estimated in manufacturing operations? Discuss the factors that affect this
estimation and its importance in production planning.

Unit 3 (Robotics)
1. Describe the geometric classification of robots. Also provide examples for each type.
2. Explain the control classification of robots. How do open-loop and closed-loop control
systems differ?
3. What are the Three Laws of Robotics as proposed by Isaac Asimov? Discuss their
significance and limitations in practical robotics applications.
4. List and describe the major components of a typical industrial robot. What are the functions
of each component?
5. Explain the different types of coordinate systems used in robotics. Why are coordinate
systems crucial in robot motion planning?
6. Compare and contrast different power sources used in robots. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic power systems.
7. Define robot anatomy and explain the different configurations of robots. Which
configurations are best suited for specific applications?
8. What are joint notation schemes in robotics? Explain the importance of these schemes in the
design and control of robotic arms.
9. Define work volume in the context of robotics. How is work volume determined, and why
is it important for industrial applications?
10. Describe the concept of manipulator kinematics. How do forward and reverse kinematics
differ in terms of robot control?
11. What are the common methods of representing the position and orientation of a robot end-
effector? Explain the role of homogeneous transformations in this context.
12. Provide a detailed explanation of homogeneous transformations. How are they applied in
the kinematics of robotic systems?
 13. Explain the Denavit- Hartenberg notation used in robot kinematics. How does it simplify the
representation of joint parameters?
14. Derive the forward kinematics equations for a simple 2-DOF robotic arm using D-H
parameters. Show your steps clearly.
15. Discuss the basics of robot arm dynamics. How do dynamics differ from kinematics in the
context of robotic motion?

Unit 4 (Robot Drives and Power Transmission Systems)

1. Explain the working principle of hydraulic drives in robots. Discuss their advantages and
disadvantages compared to electric and pneumatic drives.
2. Differentiate between servo motors and stepper motors in terms of their control mechanisms
and typical applications in robotics.
3. Describe the various types of gears used in robotic systems and explain how gear transmission
is utilized to achieve different motion and speed ratios.
4. Discuss the construction and working of belt drives. What are the advantages and limitations
of using belt drives in robotic applications?
5. Explain the role of rollers and chains in mechanical transmission systems. Provide examples
of where each is preferably used in robotics.
6. Illustrate the importance of links and joints in robotic arms. How do different types of joints
(e.g., revolute, prismatic) affect the movement of a robotic arm?
7. Describe a mechanism that converts linear motion to rotary motion. Provide a practical
example of its application in robotics.
8. Explain the working of a lead screw mechanism and how it converts rotary motion into linear
motion. Discuss its applications in robotic systems.
9. Detail the design and operation of a rack and pinion drive system. How is this system beneficial
in robotics?
10. Compare lead screws and ball screws in terms of efficiency and load-carrying capabilities.
Explain the function of ball bearings in reducing friction in robotic mechanisms.
11. Classify end effectors into active and passive grippers. Give examples of each type and discuss
their specific applications.
12. Identify different types of tools that can be used as end effectors in robotic systems. Discuss
the criteria for selecting a tool as an end effector.
13. Compare mechanical, vacuum, and magnetic grippers. Discuss the drive systems used for each
type and their typical applications in industry.
14. Explain the factors affecting the gripping force of a mechanical gripper. How would you
calculate the required force for a given task?
15. Design a gripper for a specific application (e.g., picking up fragile items). Outline the design
considerations, material selection, and the type of drive system you would use.

Unit 5 (Robot Simulation)

 1. Define the concept of robot applications in manufacturing. Discuss its significance in modern
industrial settings.
2. Explain the role of robots in material transfer within manufacturing processes. Highlight the
advantages and challenges associated with this application.
3. Discuss the importance of robots in machine loading and unloading tasks in manufacturing.
Provide examples of industries where this application is widely used.
4. Describe the role of robots in processing operations such as welding. Discuss the key
considerations for implementing robotic welding systems.
5. Analyze the use of robots in assembly operations. Highlight the benefits of utilizing robots for
assembly tasks and discuss any limitations or challenges.
6. Explore the concept of inspection automation using robots in manufacturing. Discuss how
robots are employed for inspection tasks and their impact on quality control.
7. Discuss the limitations of using robots in processing operations, such as welding and painting.
Highlight factors that restrict the full integration of robots in these tasks.
8. Explain the principles of robot cell design in manufacturing. Discuss key factors to consider
when designing a robot cell for efficient operation.
9. Analyze different robot cell layouts, including layouts with multiple robots and considerations
for machine interference. Compare and contrast various layouts with examples.
10. Discuss the importance of safety considerations in robot cell design and operation. Explain
common safety measures implemented to ensure the safety of workers and equipment.
11. Explore the role of control systems in robot cells. Discuss the types of control systems used
and their functions in regulating robot movements and operations.
12. Analyze the factors influencing the selection of robots for specific manufacturing tasks.
Discuss considerations such as payload capacity, reach, and precision.
13. Evaluate the impact of robotics on productivity and efficiency in manufacturing. Provide
examples of industries where robotics have significantly improved operational performance.
14. Discuss the future trends in robot applications in manufacturing. Predict how advancements in
robotics technology will shape the future of industrial automation.
15. Case study: Analyze a real-world manufacturing scenario and propose a robotic solution to
address specific challenges. Discuss the expected benefits and potential drawbacks of the
proposed solution.