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Modern Physics I

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Anik Ghosh
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9 views

Modern Physics I

Uploaded by

Anik Ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Modern Physics - I

Assignments 1:

1)Using the concept of discrete energy and Boltzmann probability distribution, find the average
energy per mode of oscillation of an assembly of harmonic oscillators. Hence, derive the spectral
distribution function assuming the number of modes per unit volume per unit wavelength to be
(8π/λ4). What is the name of the spectral distribution obtained above.
Repeat the above treatment for the case of continuous variation of energy. Mention the name of the
spectral distribution obtained.

2) Discuss Planck’s quantum hypothesis and deduce Planck’s law of energy distribution for black
body radiation.
Show that Planck’s law reduces to Wien’s law for hν>>kT and to Rayleigh-Jeans law for hν<<kT. Give
a graphical representation.

3) Write down Planck’s formula for the energy distribution of black body radiation. Draw the graphs
to illustrate the distribution at two different temperatures, indicating clearly which graph
corresponds to the higher temperature. Show that Planck’s law reduces to Wien’s law in the low λ
region and to Rayleigh-Jeans law in the high λ region. Give a graphical representation.

4) Write down Planck’s formula for the energy distribution of black body radiation. Show that the
total energy density of the emitted radiation is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature
of the radiation.

5) State Wien’s displacement law. Using Planck’s formula for the energy distribution of black body
radiation, find an expression for the λmax , at which the energy density is maximum.

6) Consider the scattering of photon by an electron initially at rest. Show that the change in
wavelength is equal to h (1 − cos θ ) , where θ is the angle of scattering. Discuss the appearance
m c0

of two peaks in the scattered spectra.

7) Deduce a relation between the angles of scattering of photon and recoil electron in Compton
scattering. Hence show that while a photon is scattered at angles between 00 to 1800, the recoil
electron is scattered at angles between 00 to 900. Explain the presence of unmodified line in this
scattering.

8) Derive an expression for the Compton wavelength shift. Calculate the Compton wavelength of the
electron and find the maximum wavelength change in the Compton effect. Why is x-rays preferred
over visible light in studying Compton scattering ? Can a free electron absorb the whole of the
energy of the photon ?

9) A photon of frequency is scattered by an electron initially at rest. Draw the vector diagram of the
momenta of the incident and scattered photon and the scattered electron. Hence show that the
maximum kinetic energy of the recoil electron is 2 h 2ν 2 / m 0 c 2 .
Ee =
max
1 + 2 hν c 2 
 m0
 
10) Show that a free electron at rest cannot absorb a photon.

1
What is the maximum kinetic energy that can be imparted to a free electron by a photon of initial
frequency ν ? is it possible for the photon to transfer all its energy to the electron ?

11) Justify the equation, E max = hν − φ . What is the threshold frequency ? How Planck’s constant
and work function φ can be determined from the plot of this equation.

12) In a photoelectric effect experiment, a monochromatic light source emitting photons with
energy greater than the work function of the metal under test is used. If the power of the light
source is doubled, will it have any influence on the stopping potential ? Plot photoelectric current vs.
applied voltage graphs on the same axes when lights of same intensity but of different frequencies ν1
and ν2 (ν1 > ν2) both greater than threshold frequency ν0 are incident on a metal plate. Mark position
of stopping potential in each case.
Draw stopping potential vs. incident frequency curve for two different metals. Do they intersect ?
Comment.

13) Describe Davisson–Germer’s experiment and discuss the results in the light of the de Broglie
hypothesis. Deduce the expression for the de Broglie wavelength of a particle of mass m and energy
E. How is it modified if the energy is very high ?

14) Draw the polar graph of data obtained from Davisson–Germer experiment indicating clearly the
coordinates used. Mention also the potential and angle at which maximum intensity is obtained.
What information can we get from this experiment ?

15) State and explain de Broglie hypothesis. What is the conclusion reached from the Davisson-
Germer experiment ? (What is the importance of Davisson–Germer experiment ?)

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