SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

CONTENT: ALGEBRA, EQUATIONS, AND INEQUALITIES

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

LEARNER/TEACHER MANUAL

Algebra, equations, and

inequalities

JENN TRAINING: CONTENT MANUAL TEACHER/LEARNERS:

CONTENTS PAGE

PART 1: Quadratic equations 1-2

PART 2: Quadratic inequalities 2-4

PART 3: Exponential equations 5

PART 4: Surd equations 6

PART 5: Simultaneous equations 7-8

PART 6: Nature of roots 9-11

PART 7: Fusion 12-14

JENN TRAINING; GRADE 12 TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

PART 1
1 x2 = 5x − 4
x 2 − 5x + 4 = 0
( x − 4)( x − 1) = 0
x = 4 or x = 1
2 x(3 − x) = −3
3x − x 2 = −3
x 2 − 3x − 3 = 0
3 ± (−3) 2 − 4(1)(−3)
x=
2(1)
3 ± 21
x=
2
x = 3,79 or x = −0,79
3 x ( x − 4) = 5
x 2 − 4x − 5 = 0
( x − 5)( x + 1) = 0
x = 5 or x = −1

4 4 x 2 − 20 x + 1 = 0
− (−20) ± (−20) 2 − 4(4)(1)
x=
2(4)
20 ± 384
x=
8
x = 4,95 or x = 0,05

5 x( x − 1) = 30
x 2 − x = 30
x 2 − x − 30 = 0
( x − 6)( x + 5) = 0
x = 6 or x = − 5
6 3x 2 − 5 x + 1 = 0
a=3 b=–5 c=1
− (−5) ± 25 − 4(3)(1)
x=
2(3)
5 ± 13
=
6
1
x = 1,4 or x = 0,2
 7 1
3x + =4
x
3x 2 − 4 x + 1 = 0
(3x − 1)( x − 1) = 0
1
x= or x = 1
3
9

( )( )
or/of
PART 2

1 3 − x < 2x 2
− 2x 2 − x + 3 < 0
+ +
2x 2 + x − 3 > 0
(2 x + 3)( x − 1) > 0 + +
3 −3
x < − or x > 1 1
2 2
OR
3
x ∈ (−∞;− ) ∪ (1; ∞)
2

2 − 9 x 2 + 15 x − 4 < 0
9 x 2 − 15 x + 4 > 0
(3x − 4)(3x − 1) > 0

+ 0 – 0 + OR
1 4
1 4
3 3
3 3
1 4
x< or x >
3 3
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞
Answer can be given as: x ∈⎜− ∞ ; ⎟ ∪ ⎜ ; ∞⎟
3 3

2
3 4 + 5x > 6 x 2 − 6 x 2 + 5x + 4 > 0
0 > 6 x 2 − 5x − 4 OR 6 x 2 − 5x − 4 < 0
0 > (3 x − 4)(2 x + 1) (3 x − 4)(2 x + 1) < 0
5 ± 121
critical values: x =
12
1 4
x= − or
2 3
1 4 ⎛ 1 4⎞ 1 4
− <x< OR x ∈⎜− ; ⎟ OR − < x and x <
2 3 ⎝ 2 3⎠ 2 3

4 4 x 2 + 1 ≥ 5x
4 x 2 − 5x + 1 ≥ 0
(4 x − 1)(x − 1) ≥ 0

+ 0 − 0 +
1 1 1 1
4 4

1 ⎛ 1⎤
x≤ or x ≥ 1 OR ⎜ − ∞; ⎥ ∪ [1; ∞ )
4 ⎝ 4⎦

5 x2 + 7x − 8 < 0
(x + 8)(x − 1) < 0

+ 0 − 0 +
OR
–8 1 –8 1

6 ( x + 1)( x − 3) > 12
x 2 − 2 x − 3 > 12
x 2 − 2 x − 15 > 0
( x − 5)( x + 3) > 0

+ 0 − 0 + OR
–3 5 –3 5
x < −3 or x > 5
3
7 (x + 1)(4 − x ) > 0
( x + 1)( x − 4) < 0

+ 0 − 0 +
or
–1 4 –1 4

−1 < x < 4

8.1 (x + 2)(x − 3) < −3x + 2

x 2 − x − 6 + 3x − 2 < 0
x 2 + 2x − 8 < 0
(x + 4)(x − 2) < 0

+ 0 − 0 +
or
–4 2 –4 2

− 4 <x < 2
8.2 x 2 + 2x − 8 < 0
− 4 <x < 2
Sum of integers = (− 3) + (− 2 ) + (− 1) + (0 ) + (1)
= −5

4
 PART 3

1 2 ⋅ 3x = 81 − 3x
2 ⋅ 3x + 3x = 81
3x (2 + 1) = 81
3x = 27
3x = 33
x=3

2 9.2 x −1 = 2.3 x
3 2.2 x −1 = 2.3 x
2 x−2 = 3 x−2
x−2
2
  =1
3
x−2 0
2 2
  = 
3 3
x−2=0
x=2

3 2x +1 = x −1
2 x + 1 = (x − 1)
2

2x +1 = x 2 − 2x +1
x 2 − 4x = 0
x(x − 4) = 0
x = 0 or x=4
n/a

1
5 5x =
125
x
5 = 5 −3
x = −3 5
 PART 4

1 2x +1 = x −1
2 x + 1 = (x − 1)
2

2x +1 = x 2 − 2x +1
x 2 − 4x = 0
x(x − 4) = 0
x = 0 or x=4
n/a
2 2x − 3 = 2x − 3
4 x 2 − 12 x + 9 = 2 x − 3
4 x 2 − 14 x + 12 = 0 OR
2(2 x − 3)( x − 2 ) = 0
3
x = or x = 2 x
2
3 2 x−3 = x−3
4( x − 3) = x 2 − 6 x + 9
x 2 − 10 x + 21 = 0
(x − 7 )(x − 3) = 0
x = 7 or x = 3
OR
Let y = x − 3
∴2y = y2
y ( y − 2) = 0
y = 0 or y = 2
x − 3 = 0 or x − 3 = 4
x = 3 or x = 7

6
 PART 5
1 y = 3 − 2x
x 2 + (3 − 2 x) + x = (3 − 2 x) 2
x 2 + 3 − 2 x + x = 9 − 12 x + 4 x 2
3 x 2 − 11x + 6 = 0
(3 x − 2)( x − 3) = 0
2
x= or x=3
3

5
∴y= ∴ y = −3
3
2 y = x−3
x 2 − x = 6 + ( x − 3)
x2 − 2x − 2 = 0
( x − 3)( x + 1) = 0
x = 3 or x = −1
y = 0 or y = −4
Solutions are (x ; y) = (3 ; 0) or (– 1 ; – 4)
3.1 x 2 + 5 xy + 6 y 2 = 0
(x + 3 y )(x + 2 y ) = 0
x + 3y = 0 + 2y = 0
x = −3 y OR x = −2 y
x x
= −3 = −2
y y

3.2 x+ y =8 x+ y =8
− 3y + y = 8 − 2y + y = 8
− 2y = 8 OR − y =8
y = −4 y = −8
x = 12 x = 16

7
 4. 3 x −10 = 33 x
x − 10 = 3 x
2 x = −10
x = −5

y 2 + x = 20
y 2 − 5 = 20
y 2 = 25
y = −5 or y=5

5.1 2 x + 2 x + 2 = −5 y + 20
2 x (1 + 2 2 ) = −5 y + 20
−5 y + 20
2x =
5
OR
2x = − y + 4

5.2 If y = – 4 ,
2 x + 2 x + 2 = −5 y + 20
2 x + 2 x + 2 = 40
( )
2 x 1 + 2 2 = 40
2x = 8
2 x = 23
x=3

5.3 –y+4>0
y< 4
Largest integer value of y is 3
2 x = −3 + 4
2x = 1
x=0

8
 PART 6

1 x2 + 9 = 0
Δ = b 2 − 4ac
= 0 2 − 4( 1 )( 9 ) = −36 < 0
∴ The roots are non – real
2.1 x 2 − 3 x + (k + 1) = 0
For real roots : Δ ≥ 0
b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0
(−3) 2 − 4(1)(k + 1) ≥ 0
9 − 4k − 4 ≥ 0
− 4k ≥ −5
5
k≤
4
2.2 Put x = 1 into equation:
12 − 3(1) + (k + 1) = 0
k −1= 0
∴k = 1
3 x 2 − px − p 2 = 2
x 2 − px − p 2 − 2 = 0
Δ = b 2 − 4ac
= p 2 − 4(− p 2 − 2)
= p2 + 4 p2 + 8
= 5 p2 + 8
≥ 8 > 0 for all values of p.
∴ The roots are real and unequal

4 Δ = 2k (2k − 9 )
For k = 6 :
Δ = (12 )(3) = 36
which is a perfect square
∴ The roots are real, rational and unequal

9
 5

7 f (x ) = x 2 − 5 x + c
5 ± 25 − 4(1)(c )
x=
2
25 − 4c = 41
− 4c = 16
c = −4

10
8.1 5x 2 + 6 x − 7 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
−6± (6)2 − 4(5)(− 7 )
=
2(5)
= 0 ,73 or − 1,93
8.2 5x 2 + 6 x − d = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
−6± (6)2 − 4(5)(− d )
=
2(5)
36 + 20d = 0
9
d =−
5

OR/OF For equal roots/ vir gelyke wortels : ∆=0

2
∆ = b − 4ac
= (6 ) − 4(5)(− d )
2

36 + 20d = 0
9
d =−
5

9.1 2p +5 = 0
2p +5 = 0
2 p = −5
5
p=−
2
9.2 2p +5 < 0
5
p<−
2

11
 PART 7

1 x 2 − 4 (x + 2 )( x − 2 )
= = x+2
x−2 (x − 2)
Therefore when x = 999 999 999 999, the value is
999 999 999 999 +2 = 1 000 000 000 001.

OR
x 2 − 4 (x + 2 )( x − 2 )
= = x+2
x−2 (x − 2)
999 999 999 999 = 1012 – 1
x + 2 = 999 999 999 999 + 2
= 1012 + 1

2 2x4 + 2 = x4
∴ x 4 = −2

Which has no real solution since x 4 ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R

3 m + n = 7 + 48
m + 2 mn + n = 7 + 48
m + 2 mn + n = 7 + 2 12
m+n = 7
mn = 12
( m + n) 2 = 7 2
m 2 + 2mn + n 2 = 49
m 2 + n 2 = 49 − 2mn
= 49 − 2(12)
= 25

OR

12
 m + n = 7 + 48
m + 2 mn + n = 7 + 48
m + 2 mn + n = 7 + 2 12
m + n = 7 and mn = 12 are possible solutions
m = 7−n n = 7−m
n(7 − n) = 12 m(7 − m) = 12
n 2 − 7n + 12 = 0 m 2 − 7m + 12 = 0
or
(n − 4)(n − 3) = 0 (m − 4)(m − 3) = 0
n = 4 or n = 3 m = 4 or m = 3
m = 3 or m = 4 n = 3 or n = 4

∴ m 2 + n 2 = 32 + 4 2
= 25

10 2007 . 10 2
4
10 2007.10 4 − 10 2007
10 10 2007
=
10 2007 ( 10 4 − 1)
10
=
100 − 1
10
=
99
5 5 2007 + 5 2010
5 2008 + 5 2009
52007 + 52007.53
= 2008
5 + 52008.5
52007 (1 + 53 )
= 2008
5 (1 + 5)
126
=
5× 6
126
=
30
21
=
5
1
=4
5
13
≈4
6 Let the shortest side be x
Sides of the prism: x ; 2x ; 3x
Volume = lbh
(x)(2x)(3x) = 3 072
6 x 3 = 3 072
x 3 = 512
x = 3 512
x=8

7 Let the amount of money Mary had be Rx/Laat die bedrag

geld wat Mary gehad het x wees.
1 1
x = x − 28
5 3
3 x + 420 = 5 x
2 x = 420
x = 210
Mary had R210/Mary het R210 gehad.

8.1

( )

8.2 ( )( )

9 AC.( x − 2) = x 2 + 2 x − 8
AC.( x − 2) = ( x + 4)( x − 2)
AC = ( x + 4) cm
∴ FD = ( x + 4) cm
∴ ED = x + 4 − ( x − 2)
ED = 6 cm

14