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Pattern Allowances and Its Types

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178 views3 pages

Pattern Allowances and Its Types

Uploaded by

sam456357
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pattern- making, allowances and its types

Pattern:

A pattern may be defined as a model of desired casting which when moulded in sand
forms an impression called mould.

The mould when filled with the molten metal forms casting after solidification of the
poured metal. The quality and accuracy of casting depends upon the pattern making.

The pattern may be made of wood, metal (cast iron, brass, aluminium and alloy steel.),
plaster, plastics and wax.

Pattern Allowances:

A pattern is always made larger than the required size of the casting considering the
various allowances. These are the allowances which are usually provided in a pattern.

Types of pattern allowances:

1. Shrinkage Allowances:

Shrinkage is defined as reduction is the dimension of the cast during the cooling or
solidification process. The various metals used for casting contract after solidification
in the mould. Since the contraction is different for different materials, therefore it will
also differ with the form or type of metal.

Shrinkage is of three types:

a) Liquid Shrinkage

b) Solidification Shrinkage.

c) Solid Shrinkage
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2. Draft Allowances:

It is a taper which is given to all the vertical walls of the pattern for easy and clean
withdraw of the pattern from the sand without damaging the mould cavity. It may be
expressed in millimeters on a side or in degrees. The amount of taper varies with the
type of patterns. The wooden patterns require more taper than metal patterns
because of the greater frictional resistance of the wooden surfaces.

The magnitude of taper depends upon:

a) Molding Methods.

b) Mold materials.

c) Shape and size of pattern depth direction in contact with mold cavity.

3. Machining allowances:

Machining allowance or finish allowance indicates how much larger the rough casting
should be over the finished casting to allow sufficient material to insure that
machining will "clean up" the surfaces.

This machining allowance is added to all surfaces that are to be machined. Machining
allowance is larger for hand molding as compared to machine molding.

It depends on:

• Machining operation

• Characteristics of metal

• Methods of castings

• Size, shapes and volumes of castings

• Degree of finish required in castings

• configuration of the casting.


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4. Shake or rapping allowances:

When the pattern is to be removed from the sand of casting , the pattern will have to
be shaken slightly to remove it from the sand and this will cause a slight increase in
dimension of casting.

To compensate this increase in dimension of casting, the patterns are made slightly
smaller from casting. This change in dimension of pattern is known as shaking or
rapping allowances.

5. Distortion or camber allowances:

The weaker section of casting such as long flat portions, thin portions on a
complicated section or u shape portions are prone to distortion. The internal stress
developed on cast during cooling induces the distortion. The best practice to reduce
this distortion is to intentionally give a stress (or give some excess material) to the
direction opposite to the distortion. This allowance is given based on previous
experience.

For more short notes and

Practice questions

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www.gate60.in

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