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Harshvardhan Gupta
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AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL , PUSHP VIHAR

COMPUTER APPLICATION
CLASS IX
HANDOUT CH1 ( COMPUTER MEMORY )

Computer Memory
Memory is a storage device of a computer system. This device is used to store
data/ information. As time goes, the people understood the importance of
data storage, due to this the demand for large size memory devices rose.

In computer, the nature of data storage is into two forms i.e. temporary and
permanently. Temporary storage is needed mostly at execution time while the
permanent store is needed after the execution of the programs when the user
wants to save results permanently for future reference.

Memory is primarily categorised into two parts,

i) Primary Memory:

This is also known as main memory or temporary memory or volatile memory,


it means the data is stored in RAM as long as the computer is on, but when
the computer is switched off it gets lost. Primary memory is used to execute
computer programs. Its execution speed is very high which can execute a lot
of programs or instructions with high speed.

Types of Primary Memory:

Top of Form

Types of Primary Memory:

a) RAM (Random Access Memory):

RAM is the most commonly used memory. RAM is called "random access,"
because if we know the memory cell address, then we can access it directly.

Below is an image of RAM –


There are two types of RAM –

 SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) - following points describe SRAM,


o SRAM is a type of semiconductor memory that uses transistors to store each
bit.
o SRAM is mostly used as a cache memory for the processor (CPU).
o SRAM is relatively faster than other RAM types, such as DRAM.
o It consumes more power.
 DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) - following points describe DRAM,
o DRAM uses capacitor with integrated circuit to store data.
o DRAM is mostly used in today's computer system.
o SRAM is slower than SRAM.
o It consumes less power.

b) ROM (Read Only Memory)

As its name implies, this memory stores data which is accessible to the users in read-only
form, it means the user can not edit the data or instructions stores in ROM. ROM instructions
appear the same whenever it executes. At the time of manufacturing ROM, instructions are
stores permanently in it. Its property is, if the power goes off, the data will not erase.

Below is an image of ROM -

The different categories of ROM are as follows-

 PROM (Programmable Read-only Memory) – It is a memory on which data can be


written only once. PROM is manufactured as blank memory and data can be written
using a PROM programmer or PROM burner.
 EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory) – the available contents of
this memory can be erased using ultraviolet rays and makes it reusable by
reprogramming this memory.
 EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory) – the
contents can be removed by making it exposed to an electrical charge.
 Flash Memory – Flash memory is an advanced EEPROM-type. Flash memory can be
read and erased more easily than EEPROM.

ii) Secondary Memory

Secondary memory is a memory that can store a large amount of data in it. Once, data is
saved into secondary memory cannot delete until and unless the user's permission. It is also
known as a permanent memory. The most used secondary memory is Magnetic Disk (Hard
Disk).

Hard disk

The hard disk is the most commonly used permanent memory of the computer system. It is
capable to store a large amount of data and can be accessed whenever required.

A hard disk comprises more than one circular disks placed on a rising spindle called platters.
Each platter surface coated with a magnetic coating.

Figure: Inner Structure of Hard Disk

Each disk's surface is capable of storing data except the top and bottom disk because the
inner surface is used. The information is recorded by magnetic read / writes heads on the
surface of the rotating disk. These heads are connected with a common arm called an access
arm.

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