F2 TOPICAL REVISION

AGRICULTURE
A SERIES OF TOPICAL REVISION
AGRICULTURE QUESTIONS IN THIS CLASS.

An Intensive Analysis of Past KCSE

Questions. Candidates are Hereby
Advised to Keep attention to this
Crucial Quick Revision Kit.

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SOIL FERTILITY II (IN ORGANIC FERTILIZERS)

This topic entails the following;

 Essentials elements required by cops
 Classification of essential elements
 Role o micro-nutrients
 Deficiency symptoms of macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients.
 Identification and classification of fertilizers.
 Soil sampling and testing methods of fertilizer application.
 Effect of soil acidity/alkalinity air crops
 Fertilizer rate calculations
The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly help and motivate the
user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices:

1. State four advantages of applying lime in clay soil

2. a) Give the form in which the following elements are absorbed by crops
i) Sulphur
ii) Nitrogen
iii) Carbon
iv) Magnesium
b) List three effects of nitrogen to plants
3. Mr. Malombe of Shinyalu village prepared to top dress 10 hectares of nappier grass using
sulphate of ammonia (21%N). Sulphate of ammonia is applied at rate of 150kg per hectare.
Calculate
a) The quantity of sulphate ammonia fertilizer the farmer will need for 10 hectares
b) The number of 50kg bags of fertilizer he will purchase
4. Give two disadvantages of using farmyard manure
5. State four factors which influence the stage at which the crops are harvested
6. A form four student was given a sample of a fertilizer with the following characteristics:
(i) Grey in colour
(ii) It is granular
(iii) Causes no corrosion
(iv) It is highly hygroscopic
(v) It is neutral
(a) Identify the fertilizer
(b) At what stage of growth of maize should it be applied?
(c) Calculate the amount of K2O contained in 400kg of a compound fertilizer 25:10:5
7. State two pieces of information that soil sample should have before being taken to the laboratory
for testing
8. A compound fertilizer bag has the labels 20-20-0. What do the figures stand for?
9. Give four functions of sulphur in crops
10. State four advantages of lining as a measure of soil improvement
11. State two methods of increasing soil PH
12. (a) State three factors that determine the amount of inorganic fertilizers needed to be applied
to crops
(b) What are the necessary precautions observed when carrying out soil sampling?

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13. List three functions of nitrogen in crops
14. (a) Distinguish between fertilizer grade and fertilizer ratio
(b) List four elements whose deficiency results into chlorosis in plants
15. The diagram below shows a method of soil sampling

(a) Name the method illustrated in the diagram

(b) State three precautions taken when collecting the soil for testing using the above method
(c) Give four reasons why soil from the farm is tested
16. A farmer was advised to apply compound fertilizer 20-20-10 on an orchard measuring
20m X 10m at the rate of 80kg/ha. Calculate the amount of fertilizer the farmer would require
for the orchard. (Show your working)
17. a) A compound of fertilizer has a fertilizer grade of 25:10:5.calculate the a mount
of phosphorus fore sent in 400kg of this fertilizer
b) The diagram below illustrate methods of collecting soil sample from a field

i) Identify the methods illustrated

ii) xx
iii) State three importance of carrying out soil sampling and testing
18. (a) What is an incomplete compound fertilizer?

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(b) State four reasons why a maize crop continued showing deficiency of potassium despite
applications recommended amount of potassic fertilizer
19. The diagram below shows a soil sampling method.

(a) Identify the method illustrated above

(b) Name any two spots in a farm that should be avoided during sampling
(c) Describe the steps followed while carrying out the exercise in (a) above

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CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)

This topic entails the following:
 Correct planting materials for various crops
 Selection and preparation of planting materials
 Determination of optimum time of planting
 Factors which determine planting depth
 Planting procedure for different crops
 Factors which determine seed rate, spacing and plant population.
 Calculation of plant population
 Economic value of land.
The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly
help and motivate
the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices:
1. State two reasons for seed treatment of tree species before planting
2. Give three factors that determine spacing of beans
3. State four reasons for using certified seeds for planting
4. Below are diagrams showing vegetative material used for propagation.

a) Name the propagation materials A, B, C, D

b) What is the term used for inducing B to start germinating?
c) State four advantages of vegetative propagation on crop production
5. Differentiate between hybrid and composite
6. a) A farmer planted 100 maize seeds and 90 seeds germinated.
Calculate the germination percentage
b) Given that maize is planted at a spacing of 75cm by 25cm, calculate the plant population in a
plot measuring 4m by 3m
7. Give four qualities of a mother plant which should be considered when selecting vegetative
material for propagation
8. Explain five practices that a farmer should carry out to ensure uniform germination of seeds
9. State two factors which determine the depth of planting
10. State two advantages of adding organic matter to sandy soil

11. Calculate the number of tea plants in two hectares (2ha) given that the spacing is 150cm x 75cm
and one seedling is planted per hole
12. Outline four reasons why training is important in some crops
13. Give four factors that influence the depth of planting
14. Two precautions taken when harvesting cotton
15. Outline four reasons why training is important in some crops
16. Give four factors that influence the depth of planting

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17. Two precautions taken when harvesting cotton
18. State four factors that determine the spacing of annual crops
19. Outline four advantages of rolling in seedbed preparation
20. List two factors that effect rooting of cuttings in crop production
21. Outline three ways of preparing materials before sowing
22. Outline three ways of preparing materials before sowing
23. Distinguish between over sowing and under sowing

24. Study the illustration below of a tea vegetative material and answer the questions that follow

a) What name is given to the vegetative material drawn above for tea propagation
b) State two devisable characteristics of the selected plants used to develop the plant
shown
c) Give two precautions observed during the preparation of the material above before
planting
25. Suppose the student is asked to use the illustrated spacing to plant in a plot 4m by 3m
leaving 30cm distance from the edge; calculate;
i) The number of rows on the wider side of the plot
ii) Calculate the plant population
26. Using planting material whose diagram is shown below, list four factors that would
influence the rooting of the structure

27. Describe the selection, preparation and raising of vegetative tea seedlings in the nursery
28. Explain the factors considered in timely planting of annual crops
29. Give four disadvantages of broadcasting as a method of planting.
30. Define the following terminologies as used in Agriculture
31. Give two advantages of producing crops by use of seeds over vegetative propaganda
32. State four ways of preparing planting materials before planting

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CROP PRODUCTION III

NURSERY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
This topic entails the following:
 A nursery bed
 A nursery bed and a seed bed
 Reasons of establishing nursery bed
 Suitable site for nursery bed
 Nursery bed preparation
 Nursery bed management practices
 Transplanting seedling crops from nursery bed
 Budding a seedling
 Grafting a seedling
 Reasons for budding, grafting and layering
 Tissue culture
 Damage caused by animals to a seedling and prevention.

The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly help and motivate the
user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices.

1. Name three methods of grafting that are used in propagation of plants

2. State two practices done during hardening-off of seedlings in a nursery bed.
3. List two methods of budding used in crop propagation
4. List four management practices carried out on a nursery bed
5. Outline two importance of tissue culture in crop propagation
6. Differentiate between a nursery bed and a seedling bed
7. Give four advantages of under sowing in pasture production
8. Give four advantages of under sowing in pasture production
9. The diagram below shows a structure used in crop production:

(a) Identify the structure above

(b) Give a reason for carrying out each of the following practices in the structure shown above
(i) Pricking out
(ii) Hardening off
(c) State three importance of the part labeled A in the above structure
10. (a) Describe the siting and establishment of a crop nursery

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(b) Explain management practices in a crop nursery
11. State four importance of thinning seedlings in the nursery bed
12. State the difference between a seedling bed and a seedbed.
13. Below is a diagram of a nursery for raising the seedlings

(a) State two advantages of having the part labeled J

(b) State any three management practices that should be carried out on the nursery from
the time seedlings emerge to the stage of transplanting

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CROP PRODUCTION IV (FIELD MANAGEMENT

PRACTICES)
This topic entails the following:
 Crop rotation
 Reasons for crop rotations
 Crop rotation programme
 Terms used in crop farming
 Mulching
 Reasons for various field management practices
 Correct stage for harvesting crops
 Harvesting practices of various crops.

The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly motivate and
help the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices:

1. Distinguish between staking and propping as a field management practice on crops

2. Explain five advantages of crop rotation
3. State four factors which influence the stage at which the crops are harvested
4. The diagrams labelled B and C below are illustrations of coffee plants established using
two different formative pruning systems.
Examine the diagrams and answer the questions that follow:-

(a) Identify the system of pruning illustrated in B

(b) Identify the system of pruning in C
(c) Outline the procedure of how pruning in diagram C is carried out

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5. Give two functions of earthing up in crop production

6. Describe the factors which determine the stage of harvesting of crops
7. Give two ways in which inorganic much helps to conserve water
8. State four factors that determine the spacing of annual crops
9. Explain the importance of each of the following practices:
(i) Hardening off
(ii) Pricking out
(iii) Gapping
10. Outline two factors that determine the stage of harvesting crops
11. (a) List four factors that determine harvesting sage of a crop
(b) Give four practices that can be used to control storage pests
12. List four benefits of pruning in crop production
13. (a) What is winnowing?
(b) Give one importance of the following practices:
(i) Mulching
(ii) Threshing
(c) Which factors are considered when carrying out a crop rotation program?
14. What is frelishing?
15. Briefly explain how each of the factors listed below will determine the stage at which a crop is
harvested
(a) Intended use of the crop
(b) Market demand
16. What is roguering in crop production?
17. What is meant by the term “changing the cycle” in coffee growing?
18. The diagram below shows a practice carried out on various crops on the farm. Study them
carefully and answer the questions that follow;

(a) Identify the farm practice represented by B

(b) State the importance of the above practice in the following crops;
(i) Maize
(ii) Irish potatoes
(c) At what stage of growth should the above practice be carried out in maize?
19. Mention four factors which determine the stage at which crops are harvested
20. State two limitation of using polythene sheets as mulching materials in a field of tomatoes
21. Give two management practices carried in a banana stool
23. State two functions of polythene sheet when used as mulch material
24. Give four crops requiring training

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CROP PRODUCTION V (VEGETABLES)

This topic entails the following:
 Growing or production of a vegetable crop form nursery establishment to harvesting
 Keep records of crop production.
 Market vegetable crop produce
 Give reasons or importance of growing vegetable crops.
 The vegetable crops include the following: Tomatoes, cabbages, onions, carots, kales.

The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly motivate and
help the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices:

1. The diagram below is of a tomato plant. Study it and answer the questions that follow:-

a) State three management practices that have not been carried on the plant above
b) For each management practice state one reason why it should be carried out
c) Name two diseases that attack the crop above in the field
2. Describe the production of tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) under the following
subheadings
a) Varieties
b) Nursery establishment
c) Field management practices
3. List four symptoms of late blight in tomatoes
4. State any four factors considered when grading tomatoes for fresh market
5. State two ways of controlling purple blotch in onions
6. The following is an illustration of an infected tomato plant. Study it carefully and answer
the questions below:-

(a) Identify the disease which may have caused the condition shown in the illustration
(b) Name any other crop which may be affected by the disease identified in (a) above
(c) Mention two other factors which can lead to the same condition as shown by the

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illustration
(d) State two measures that can be sued to control the disease named in (a) above
7. Give two ways in which pruning helps to control diseases in tomatoes
8. Outline four ecological requirements for cabbages
9. a) Mention two pests which attack tomatoes
b) Give two causes blossom end rot disease in tomatoes
10. List three ecological requirements of tomatoes.

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LIVESTOCK HEALTH
(INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK HEALTH)
This topic entails the following:
 Definition of Health and disease.
 Signs of sickness in animals livestock diseases
 Categories of livestock diseases
 Reasons for keeping livestock in good health
 Disease control practices
 Appropriate methods of handling livestock.
The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly motivate and help the user to
comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices.
1. Identify four physical appearances to be observed in a sick animal
2. State two reasons why tsetse fly control is considered to be a land reclamation method
3. a) Explain five factors to consider when siting a fish pond
b) Explain the measures used to control livestock diseases
4. a) Name four notifiable diseases in livestock
b) Discuss four ways in which livestock disease are spread in the farm
c) Describe the methods of controlling livestock disease giving an example of different
disease in each case

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(LIVESTOCK HEALTH II
(LIVESTOCK PARASITES )
This topic entails the following:
 Host-parasite relationships
 Effects of parasites on livestock
 Life cycle of parasites
 Methods of parasite control in livestock
 Identify different parasites
The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly motivate and
help the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices:
1. Name two chemical methods used in deworming cattle
2. a) state six effects of parasites
b) Describe the life cycle of Taenia solium species of tapeworm
c) State four control measures of the tapeworm
3. Give two functions of calcium in dairy cows
4. Give two control measures of fleas in a flock of sheep
5. Give two measures a poultry farmer can use to control fleas in flock
6. State two reasons why drenching alone is not an effective method of controlling internal
parasites
7. Give two forms in which a tape worm is found in livestock
8. Below are diagrams showing different types of internal parasites. Study them carefully
and answer the questions that follow:-

a) Identify the parasites K & M

b) Identify the parts labelled
c) Name the organs where each parasites is found
d) Give the intermediate host of parasite M
9. Give any two effects of external parasites that are harmful to livestock
10. Outline the procedure followed when hand-spraying cattle to ensure effective use of
acaricides to control ticks

11 a) A boar gained 90Kg live weight after eating 360Kg pig finisher meal over a period of
time. Calculate the feed conversion ratio
b) Describe digestion in the four stomachs of the ruminant animal
c) Give the significance of lubrication system

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12. State four ways of controlling tsetseflies
13. Name two types of roughages
14. Name the common milk breed of goats reared in Kenya
15. Why are the element calcium and phosphorus important in the diet of young livestock?
16 Give two parasites of cattle which are also disease vectors
17 Give three control measures of fleas in a flock of layers

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LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION II (NUTRITION)

This topic entails the following:
 Identification and classification of livestock feeds.
 Digestion and digestive systems of cattle, pigs and poultry
 Definition of terms used to express field values
 Preparation of balanced ration for various livestock
 Functions and deficiency symptoms of various nutritional elements.

The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly motivate and
help the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices;

1. Give two ways by which production ration may be utilized by dairy goats
2. Given that the livestock reared require a ration of 18% DCP and the farmer has maize
bran of 10% DCP and sunflower meal of 30% DCP. Use Pearson’s square method to
calculate how much of the feedstuffs a 150kg rations

3. State the importance of the following in livestock nutrition:

i) Water
ii) Vitamin A
4. Name the compartment of the ruminant stomach where microbial digestion takes place.
5. i) A ration containing 18% protein is to be made from maize and sunflower cake.
Given that maize contains 7% protein, and sunflower seed cake 34% protein. Use
Pearson square method to calculate the value of feedstuffs to be used to prepare
100kgs of the feed
ii) A part from Pearson square method, name two other methods that can be used to
formulate feed ration

6. (a) Define the term ration as used in livestock nutrition

(b) A farmer wanted to prepare a 200kg of pig’s ration containing 16% D.C.P. Using the
Persons square method, calculate the amount of maize containing 10% D.C.P and
cotton seed containing 28% D.C.P the farmer would need to prepare the ration (show
your work)
7. Give two livestock feed additives
8. State three factors that would determine the amount of concentrate fed to dairy cattle
9. State three factors that would determine the amount of concentrate fed to dairy cattle

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