ENGINEERING SURVEY

SETTING OUT REPORT

DCC20063 – ENGINEERING SURVEY

LECTURER NAME : PUAN SAEDATUL FIRDAUS BINTI SA’ARANI

NAME : MOHAMAD AZEELAN BIN MOHAMAD ZAINI

CLASS : DKA1D
Content

No Content Pages

1. Introduction 1-2

2. Purpose & Objective 3

3. Apparatus/Equipment 4-6

4. Procedure 7

5. Precaution 8

6. Data Collection/Result 9

7. Calculation/Analysis 10-13

8. Discussion 14

9. Conclusion 15
Introduction Of Setting Out/Theory

A definition often used for setting out is that it is the reverse of surveying. What is
meant by this is that whereas surveying is the process of producing a plan or map of a particular
area, setting out begins with the plan and ends with some particular engineering project
correctly positioned in the area. This definition can be misleading since it implies that setting
out and surveying are opposites. This is not true. Most of the techniques and equipment used
in surveying are also used in setting out and it is important to realise that setting out is simply
one application of surveying.

Setting Out is the establishment of the marks and lines to define the position and level
of the elements for the construction work so that works may proceed with reference to them.
This process may be contrasted with the purpose of Surveying which is to determine by
measurement the positions of existing features.

A temporary bench mark or level should be obtained to start the setting out for the
whole building. A specific height from a near land or from the road level can be obtained as the
reference level point for a setting out. This level point will conduct all over the building
boundary area or 1m away from the building boundary level.

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 Mistake that can be achieved if a benchmark level shouldn’t be done on a building
setting out is clearly shown in the following picture.

Building without Bench mark level – Building with Bench mark level

The setting out surveying will start with calculates information from the drawings to ensure
that:

 Buildings can be positioned correctly along with all the necessary structural components
within it.
 All the structural components are built to the correct level.
 Lines and levels for structures, roads, drainage and earthworks are provided.

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Objective of Setting Out

-Understand the roles of the various different types of personnel who are involved in the
setting out process -Understand the aims of setting out

-Refer to the different types of plans that may be used in the setting out process

-Appreciate the good working practices that should be undertaken in order that the aims of
setting out can be achieved

-Understand the procedures required to ensure that the horizontal and vertical control
requirements of setting out operations can be met.

-Set out design points on site by a number of methods.

-Apply horizontal and vertical control techniques to second-stage setting out operations.

-Appreciate the application of laser instruments in surveying and setting out.

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Automatic Level

Automatic level is a professional leveling tool used by contractors, builders and land surveying
professionals, or engineer who demands accurate leveling every time. It is a self-leveling optical
instrument for accurately measuring horizontal planes and angles at long or short distances. Automatic
Level is easy to set up and easy to use. Before we use the Automatic Level, we must set up and make
sure the spirit bubble is in the center of the black circle. Besides that, Automatic Level compensator
takes over and precisely levels itself.

Tripod Stand

A tripod stand is a three-legged support platform for the level. The main function of the tripod stand is
to ensure a stable instrument setup for reliable measurements. The legs of the tripod can be adjust to
get the vertical height that required. Once the instrument is moved, then it must has a flat up again
which is to loosen the screw and adjust again and lock it back tight. It usually has a flat tip and a
mounting screw for instrument attachment. It is also to make sure the leveling tripod placed horizontally.

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Optical Plummet

Optical Plummer is a device that used to center the instrument over a ground station . It is used in place
of a plumb bob to center transits and theodolites over a given point., preferred for its steadiness in
strong winds. The procedure speeds up the setting up process as well as protect the instrument from
accident, because it has a lock below the optical plummet to lock the devices that used in fieldwork.
Sometimes, the optical plummet can be used to perform angular or distance measurements from the
survey point.

Staff

A Staff is a tool used to measure the elevation measurements in fieldwork. Staff can be a lot of types.
The common one is Grade Rod. The rod can be made by wood, metal and fiberglass. The features of the
staff is it can be extend up to 5 meters. It allow us. It allow us to measure a large elevation vertical
distances. It is also used to determine the relative heights of the different points in the area under
survey.

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Spirit Bubble

The spirit bubble for maintaining both level rods and sighting poles in a vertical position. An out of
adjustment of spirit bubble level will cause accumulative error in level lines. It can used in traversing and
leveling measurements in fieldwork. In order to get an accurate measurement for both, the spirit bubble
level must be inside the middle of the black circle. It is located on the optical plummet and staff.

Measuring Tape

Used to measure size or distance. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibre glass, or metal
strip with liner measurement markings. It is a common measuring tape.

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Setting Out Procedure

 The purpose of profile levelling is to provide data from which vertical section of the ground
surface along a survey can be plotted.
 Useful for projects construction and design of sewers, center lines of pipelines,
highways/proposed roads, railways etc.
 Intermediate sights are taken on stations, at breaks in the ground surface, at points of
change of slope and others critical points.

 Reading the staff and the chainage are also noted.

 When the limit of sight distance is reached, a change point is established and proceeds to
give the intermediate section.

 The information regarding the various features like bed level of stream, road, culvert etc.

 Plot the profile as a graph.

CROSS SECTION

 To determine the elevation of the points at right angles on either side of the centre line of
the proposed route(long section)
 To find out the vertical sections of the surface of the earth on the ground.

 Reading the staff and the chainage are also noted.

 The information regarding the various features like ground level, bed level of stream, road,
culvert etc.
 Plot the profile as a graph.

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PRECAUTION OF PRACTICAL:

1. Recording and filing large numbers of field books requires some. systematic procedures.
2. Regular inspections and adjustment of instruments are necessary. They should be
stored carefully and protected from site equipment.
3. Design points must be set out from control framework, not from other. design points.
This avoids an accumulation of errors.
4. Do site inspections at regular intervals and check for moved pegs.
5. Checks where possible - independent check of design points from additional control
points.
6. Instruments must be adjusted.
7. Measure horizontal distances, not slope distances. If you need to set out along the slope,
ADD slope correction.
8. Make checks from other control points.
9. Drive peg into ground at location of design point, and use nail driven into pegto mark
the exact point, where high accuracy is required.

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Data Collection

BackSight Intermidiate Fore Sight Distance Remarks Benchmark

1.162

1.161 5 A

3.375 5 Invert A

1.160 5 B

1.161 5 C

1.161 5 D

1.159 5 E

1.156 5 F

1.165 1.162 5 G

1.162

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Calculation and Analysis

(Traveller = 4m) Reduce level rel A = invert A + traveller

= 44.243 + 4.00

= 48.243

So , height of A = reduce level A – reduce level A

= 48.243 – 46.457

= 1.786

( Invert level A – invert level B ) / 5 = 1/25

44.243 – invert level B = 1/5

- invert level B = (1/5) – 44.243

Invert level B = 44.243

Reduce level B = invert level B + traveller

= 44.043 + 4.00

= 48.043

So , height of B = reduce level B – reduce level B

= 48.043 – 46.458

= 1.585

( invert level B – invert level c ) / 5 = 1/25

44.043 – invert level c = 1/5

- invert level c = (1/5) – 44.043

Invert level c = 44.043

Reduce rail level c = invert level c + traveller

= 43.843 + 4.00

= 47.843

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So , height of c = reduce level c – reduce level c

= 47.843 – 46.457

= 1.386

( invert level c – invert level d ) / 5 = 1/25

43.843 – invert level d = 1/5

-invert level d = - 43.643

Invert level d = 43.643

Reduce rail level d = invert level d + traveller

= 43.643 + 4.00

= 47.643

So , height of d = reduce level d – reduce level d

= 47.643 – 46.457

= 1.186

( invert level d – invert level e ) / 5 = 1/25

43.643 – invert level e = 1/5

-invert level e = -43.443

Invert level e = 43.443

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Reduce rail level e = invert level e + traveller

= 43.443 + 4.00

= 47.443

So , height of e = reduce level e – reduce level e

= 47.443 – 46.459

= 0.984

( invert level e – invert level f ) / 5 = 1/25

43.443 – invert level f = 1/5

-invert level f = - 43.243

Invert level f = 43.243

Reduce rail level f = invert level f + traveller

= 43.243 + 4.00

= 47.243

So , height of = reduce level f – reduce level f

= 47.243 – 46.462

= 0.781

( invert level f – invert level g ) / 5 = 1/25

43.243 – invert level g = 1/5

-invert level g = - 43.043

Invert level g = 43.043

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Reduce rail level g = invert level g + traveller

= 43.043 + 4.00

= 47.043

So , height of g = reduce level g – reduce level g

= 47.043 – 46.465

= 0.578

( invert level g – invert level h ) /5 = 1/25

43.043 – invert level h = 1/5

-invert level h = - 42.843

Invert level h = 42.843

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Discussion

First of all, I want to say thank you to our lecturer, Madam Saedatul for given me
opportunity guidance and taught to complete this task. Also thanks to my group members for
cooperation given and good commitment while undergoing fieldwork task. In this practical, we
make a setting out survey for building basement and level checking for pipeline on the ground.
Setting out survey is to determine and marking a point that will enable members of the
construction team to carry out their work. It also a process of transferring the distance from the
plan already prepared to the ground before starting the construction. The first step that our
group doing is control station. To find the exact 90° (degree) or perpendicular line, we need to
calculate first the station then observe it. The measurement need to be done perfectly to make
sure the building that will be built does not shift. For the better results, the control point station
should be more than three. Foe overall view, I think our group has done this practical
successfully by referring to the results. So from this practical, I understand the concept of
setting out technique and how to set up points for setting out.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, setting out that I understand is the process of surveying were the
positions and levels of buildings, roads, drainage, servers, and all of other engineering project
are already marked on a plan are transferred to the ground by a variety of method and by
specifically manufactured instruments. I and my group members have learned the procedure of
the setting out survey. Each setting out that has been finished must be checked. This is very
important to detect any error or blunder error in the set out. The shape, dimension, distance
and location must be as same as the plan. Practically, each peg in the setting out work must use
permanent object such as wooden peg with nails. This can reduce the error. From this practical,
I have learned about how to make and manage a setting out survey. Besides that, it also can
improve our understanding about engineering survey.

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