A DETAILED LESSON PLAN

In MATHEMATICS 8

Content: Patterns and Algebra

Content standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of rational algebraic
expressions.
Performance standards: The learner is able to formulate real-life problems involving rational
algebraic expressions.
(M8AL-Ic- 2)
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of lesson, students will be able to:
A. Illustrate rational expression.
B. Simplify rational expression.
C. Formulate real life problems involving rational algebraic expression.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Simplifying rational algebraic expression
B. References: Intermediate algebra II, 2000.Page 78-79
C. Materials: PowerPoint presentation, smart tv, laptop
D. Skill to be Developed: listening, participation, critical thinking, problem solving.
III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. DAILY ROUTINE

1. PARYER
Everybody please stands.
Kindly lead us a prayer.
(The students will lead a prayer)
2. GREETINGS
Good morning class.
: Good morning, ma’am

Kindly arrange your chair’s properly and pick up all

pieces of paper under your chair. Then, you may now take
your seats.

3. CHECKING OF ATTENDANCE
May I know who’s absent today?
: None ma’am

Okay, very good it’s nice to know that all of you are here
and willing to learn.

4. REVIEW
Let’s have a recap on the topic we have discussed last
meeting.

Okay, if you still remember our lesson last meeting, bring

¼ sheet of paper and answer the following question.

1. When is a rational algebraic expression in lowest term?

A. If the numerator and denominator are both of degree
one.
B. If either the numerator or the denominator is factored
completely. :C

C. If the numerator and denominator have no common

factor other than 1.
D. If the numerator and denominator have no common
factor other than −1.
2. Which of the following is one of the steps in
simplifying rational expressions?
A. Add the common factors.
:C
B. Multiply the common factors.
C. Divide out the common factors.
D. Subtract out the common factors.
3. Which of the following is the simplified form of the
X +5
rational expression ?
5+ X
A. −1 B. 1 :B

X +5
C. 2 D.
5+ X
2
a −1
4. Which of the following is the simplest form of 2?
1−a :C

A. 0 B. 1 C. −1 D. 2
2
x −1
5. In the rational algebraic expression 2 , what
1−2 x+ x
factor is common to both numerator and denominator? :B

A. 𝑥 + 1 B. 𝑥 − 1 C. x 2−1 D. x 2+ 1

Ok, Pass your paper.

Very good class its seems that you really understand our
topic last meeting.

Let us proceed to our new lesson. But before that, let us : Yes ma’am
have a game.
Did you like it?
: Yes ma’am
B. MOTIVATION
PINOY HENYO GAME
Are your familiar class with the game snake and ladder?

I'll divide you into four groups and you choose one player : SNAKE AND LADDER
who will play in your group. -Teacher will ask one volunteer in
Can you read the directions Karla. their group to come in front.
- The first player to get to the finish is
the winner!
 -Envelope that are on the tiles mean
that a surprise question that you need
to answer!
-Be careful because snakes will take
you backwards in your journey.
-Ladders will push you ahead, you
call them shortcuts

: Yes ma’am

Did you understand class?

x x
2

Are you ready? 2 2

2 2
x +2 x x
4x 6x 5 16
8x 12 1
2
x −4 5x 8x 8
x −2 25 16 2 1
8 3 9
64 x 1
2x 27 2 4
3x 3
3x 16
6 4
C. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON
:(Simplifying rational algebraic
Now class, what do you think is our topic for today? expression.)

Exactly! : At the end of lesson, students will be

But before that let me first present to you the objectives of able to:
today’s lesson. A. Illustrate rational expression.
B. Simplify rational expression.
C. Formulate real life problems
involving rational expression.

Can you please read our objective Angela.

Thank you, Angela.

D. LESSON PROPER
Before we proceed to our discussion

Identify whether the following is rational algebraic : Rational

expression or not.
: not
2
x
1.
x−3 : not

1
2.
x−√ y : Rational
 3. √ x 2− y 2
: Rational
x+ x 3
4. 4
x −4
:it is an algebraic expression written
5x in the form.
5.
4y
: (Identifying if it is rational algebraic
Very good class! or not)

1.How did you describe the rational algebraic expression?

Good job class! So, now let us proceed to our discussion.

Again class, what do you do a while ago?

That’s right! So, a rational algebraic expression is an

expression in one variable and is an expression that can be : Yes ma’am
p
written in the form , where P and Q are polynomials.
q (The students raise their hands)
: Reducing a complex expression to
Always remember class that Q ≠ 0, if it is zero then it is
its simplest form.
UNDEFINED.
Did you understand class?

Now, let’s proceed to simplifying rational algebraic

expression.
What is simplifying?
:1. Factorize both the denominator
Do have an idea class? and numerator of the rational
Yes, Rizza expression.
2.Reduce the expression by cancelling
Very good Rizza! So, simplifying means to reduce an out common factors in the numerator
equation or fraction to a simpler form by cancellation of and denominator
common factors, regrouping of terms in the same variable 3.Rewrite the remaining factors in the
and many more. numerator and denominator

These are the steps on simplifying rational expressions,

Kindly read Angel.

For example.
3
9

We simply, simplify 3 all over 9 by finding their GCF or : Yes ma’am / none ma’am
greatest common factor so the greatest common factor of
3 and 9 is 3. So, we divide it by 3.
 3 1
÷ 3= :
9 3
2 1
÷ 2=
So, 3 divided by 3 is 1 and 9 divided by 3 is 3. Now, we 4 2
have the lowest term of 3 all over 9.
1
Which is : We will find the GCF of 2 all over 4.
3
Did you understand class? Do you have any questions? So, the GCF of 2 all over 4 is 2. Now
we divide the numerator with 2 and
Another example, the denominator with 2 to get the
2 lowest term or simplest form.
4
Who wants to solve.

Yes, Lovely.

Please explain your answer.

Very good, Lovely!

Now, we simplify two or more term.
Example:
6 x+12
3
As you can see our numerator has a GCF which is 3. So,
our first step is to factor the numerator and denominator.

3 (2 x +4 )
3

Let us check, 3 times 2x is 6x and 3 times 4 is 12, now we : Yes ma’am

have the factor of our numerator and then we just copy the
denominator.

The next step is, we cancel out or divide the common :

factor. ( x−2)(x−2)
3 (2 x +4 ) 2x
3
( x +2)(x−2)
2x
Now, we have. (2x+4) therefore we have the final answer.
6 x+12 x−2
The simplest form or simplified form of is
3 2
(2x+4).
Did you understand?

Another one example,

 2
x −4
2x

Who wants to solve.

Yes, Rizza.

Another example,
2
x −6 x+ 8
4 x−8

So, we have the GCF of 4 in our denominator while our

numerator has no GCF because this is an example of a
general trinomial. Now, our first step is to factor the
numerator and the denominator. So, the factored form of : Yes ma’am
our numerator since this is a general trinomial we will
have.
( x−4 ) ( x −2 )
4 ( x−2 )
:
The next step is to cancel out or divide the common factor. ( x+5 )( x +2 )
( x 2−22 )
( x−4 ) ( x −2 )
4 ( x−2 ) ( x+ 5 ) ( x +2 )
Now, we will have the final answer or our simplified form (x +2)(x−2)
of
( x−4 ) ( x +5 )
4 (x−2)
Did you understand class?

Who wants to solve this.

2
x −7 x+10
2
x −4 : Yes ma’am
Yes, benedict.

Very good benedict.

So, Another example
2 4
3x y
3 2
9x y

Do you think this example is in the simplest form?

What will we do first to have this example to be in

simplest form?

So, first we factor the numerator and the denominator.

2 2 2
3∙ x ∙ y ∙ y
2 2
9∙x ∙ x∙ y

I used prime factorization to expand the exponent to later

can be cancelled out.
:
So, next step is to cancel out or divide the common factor.
( 3 x ) 2− ( 5 y ) 2
2 2
3∙ x ∙ y ∙ y
2 3 x−5 y
2 2
9∙x ∙ x∙ y
Now we have,
( 3 x +5 y )− (3 x – 5 y )
3y
2 (3 x – 5 y )
9x
Last example 3 x +5 y
2
9 x −25 y
2 1
2−¿5 x y
3x ¿

Who wants to solve, anyone?

Yes Lovely.

Very good, Lovely.

E. APPLICATION
Now, we are done with our lesson. In the same group.
After your activity, you need to explain the
questions and answers you formulated.

Formulate a question.
Refers to that rubrics below for your expected scores.

Description 5 3 1
points points points
Formulating Demonstrates Formulate Question : Each member must formulate a
question. deep s a clear lacks question about our lesson today and
understandin and clarity or pick one best question you will
g of the relevant relevance present and then you must also answer
lesson topic. question to the the question that you have choose.
related to lesson.
the lesson.
 Presentation Exceptionally Presents Question
of question clear and the delivery is
engaging question unclear or
delivery of clearly and does not
the question. engages engage the
the audience
audience effectively.
to some
extent.
Kindly read the direction, Piolo.

I will give you 10 mins to discuss within your groups.

I will now send you to your respective groups and please
quiet and don’t drag the chairs.

Okay, time is up. May I call on the first group to please

present your formulated question and your answer.

(Explain and elaborate the answer of the student) Thank

you so much group one! Let us give them a virtual clap
everyone!

Now let us proceed to group 2.

(Elaborate further their answer) Thank you group two! Let
us give them a heart react everyone!
Job well done group 2! Thank you so much! Let us give
them a virtual clap everyone! : Studying the concept of rational
algebraic expressions is significant
We will move to the next group, group 3. because it allows us to understand and
(Explain and elaborate their answer) Thank you group 3! manipulate mathematical equations in
Good job! Let us give them a virtual clap everyone! a more efficient and organized
manner.
We will now have to our last group which is the group 4!
(Elaborate further their answer) Job well done group 4!
Thank you so much! Let us give them a virtual clap
everyone!

: If no other factor except 1 and itself.

F. VALUING
So, class.
What do you think the significance of studying the : Through factoring.
concept of rational algebraic expressions?
Yes kc.

: Answer: 2x – 3
Very good kc.
: Answer: c) (2x + 5) / (3x + 4)
G. GENERALIZATION
It seems like you really understand our topic for today
class.
When we say that a rational algebraic expression in its
simplified form?

How do you simplify rational algebraic expressions?

I. EVALUATION Answer: (x + 2) / (x - 4)
Simplify each below.
2
4x –9
1. Simplify the rational expression: : Answer: True
2 x +3

2. Which of the following is equivalent to the rational

2 : Answer: simplification
2 x +5 x
expression: 2
3x –4

2 x +5 2 x−5
a) b)
3 x −4 3 x +4
2
2 x+ 5 2 x−5 6x y 2 ∎3 ∎ x ∎ x ∎ y
b) d) 1 : . 2 = .
3x+4 3 x −4 12 xy 2∎ 2 ∎3 ∎ x ∎ y ∎ y
x
2 =
x –4 2y
3.Simplify the rational expression: 2
x –2 x – 8
( x +1)(x−1) x−1
4. True or False: Rational expressions are used in real-life 2 : =
(x +1)(x+ 1) x+ 1
situations.
Answer: True

5. Fill in the blank: The process of reducing a rational

expression to its simplest form is called _________.

J. ASSIGNMENT
Simplify the following.
2
6x y
1 . 2
12 xy
2
x −1
2 2
x +2 x+ 1

Thank you everyone, may I call on our prayer leader to

lead as the closing prayer.

Good job everyone! Thank you so much for all of your

cooperation during the class! See you next meeting, class
dismissed!
Prepared by:
AILENE JOY SORIANO
BSED 2 - MATH