FUNDAMENTALS of COMPUTER

CE-101

Aim: Configure Browser settings and use browsers.

Basic Internet Terminology

1. Internet
The Internet is a worldwide network of computers, which provides a wide array of information that
follows a standard communication protocol. This communication protocol is what we call as TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol) or IP (Internet Protocol).

Accessing Internet
Proper access to the Internet depends on two things, namely, the user's interface connection and the
installed browser. Different networks provide different kinds of services and connections. The type of
connection chosen by the user will depend on the purpose for which the user intends to use the internet.

Advantages of the Internet

The Internet is an ocean of information accessible to people across the world, but the way it can be
put to use on various platforms is different. The Internet is simultaneously as a Medium. The Internet
serves as a communication channel for anybody dealing with product marketing to corporate
communications as a Market The Internet is a vast virtual market place where you can advertise and even
order products from the market. Notes
Speed of Internet connectivity depends upon the Medium used and the configuration of the Computer
system being used. The minimum connectivity in India goes from 28.8 Kbps in any of the dial-up land line
connection to maximum of 512 Kbps or more in Broadband Place operation and subjective traffic load on
the main Server of the unit supplier of Internet also affects the Internet speed Speed is measured in Kilo
Bits per Second (KBPS) normally known as the baud rate of the instrument being used.

2. World Wide Web

Another one of the basic Internet terminologies is the World Wide Web. World Wide Web or www is a
collection of data stored and shared in the digital space. This collection of information form and connect
into websites and divides into web pages.

3. Host (Network)
A Network Host is usually a computer or any device that connects to a computer network. It provides
information and facilities to other computers and their users.
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4. Homepage
A Homepage is the main page of a particular website. Usually, this is the first page you see when you
open a website. Additionally, a home page can have one of several different filenames.

5. URL
URL or short for “Universal Resource Locator.” From the name itself, it provides a way of locating a
resource on the web. It also serves as a method of retrieving location on a computer network.

6. Search Engine
 Search Engine is a software system that works to search information on the World Wide Web.
Common examples of online search engines are Google, Yahoo, and Bing. These programs
allow you to search keywords and phrases to locate information on the Internet.

7. Web Browser
A web browser or browser is a software program that can access websites. Popular web browsers
include Google Chrome, Apple’s Safari, Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. Each web browser has
its own settings and works separately from each other.

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8. IP Address
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a computing device that uses
the internet protocol. Also, IP address identifies a device on the Internet communication network.

9. Domain
While every computer has its own unique address, every user using the Internet has a unique address
called a domain. A domain recognizes one or more IP addresses. An example of a domain is
weather.com and is part of the URL such as https://www.weather.com. The standard top-level domains
are:

• com - Commercial business

• edu - Educational institutions
• gov - Government agencies
• mil - Military
• net - Networks organization  org - Organizations (nonprofit)

10. Webpage?

A webpage is a document written in HTML and can be viewed on any web browser. It is contained
within the web server, which can be accessed by entering the URL for that web page, and once it is
loaded, it appears on the user's web browser. Each webpage is linked with a unique URL; hence two
pages cannot have the same URL.

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Web Browsers
The browser is the program which is necessary for surfing the internet. Following are some examples of web
browsers. Internet Explorer 6 is the dominating browser, XP is the most popular operating system, and most users
are using a display with 800x600 pixels or more, with a color depth of at least 65K colors.

Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer (IE) by Microsoft is the most popular Internet browser today. IE was introduced in 1995 and
passed Netscape in popularity in 1998.

Netscape
Netscape was the first commercial Internet browser. It was introduced in 1994. Netscape has gradually lost its
popularity to Internet Explorer.

Mozilla
The Mozilla Project has grown from the ashes of Netscape. Browsers based on Mozilla code is the second largest
browser family on the Internet today, representing about 20% of the Internet community.

Firefox
Firefox is a new browser from Mozilla. The browser is very promising and expected to gain a high market share.

Opera
Opera is a Norwegian Internet browser. It is known to be fast and small, standards compliant, and available for many
operating systems. Opera is the preferred browser for a number of small devices like mobile phones and hand-held
computers.

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Surfing the Internet

Using the above net browser we can navigate to the proper website as per our needs moving on the net i.e. surfing to
be precise to say any thing i.e. the work you do on net with the basic fundamentals of internet being used is termed
as surfing Say for example you may search for a website or a topic in a search engine this is a termed example of
doing some work on net is termed as “surfing”.

Search (Search Engines – Google etc. )

Search engines work with a little less human intervention. They send out spiders that work their way through sites
and catalogue the content. Each one works a little differently and some are more powerful than others. If you are
interested in learning more about this subject, dig into the FAQ index at Bot Spot. The best way to get relevant
results from a search engine is to take the time to read the help files.

Moving Around in a website

Yes, after giving the website address probably a name the website name on the browser you would be using
would display the website contents as above. Navigating on the website is a simple task with clicking the content
highlighted subjective matter on the site respective to your requirement.
These linking / highlighted options lead to the respective informative page to be opened and would give the
information or may even link to the respective site if the website or information is linked.

• Click the Home button at the top of the page to return to the site home page at any time.
• Click the Jump To dropdown box in the top left corner of the page to see a list of places you can go. As you move
around, this list changes to show what is available from your current location. (Some sites use other names instead
of Jump To for this dropdown box.)
• Some pages have lists of links at their bottoms that you can use to move to related pages. From any page except
the home page you can also
• Click a link in the navigation bar on the left to display the content of that element.
• Click a breadcrumbs link at the top of the page to move to higher-level pages. Related Topics
• Getting Help
Tune your Browser
If any other browser problems or problems with content that requires a player or plugin, try to tune the Browser to
check your current browser and plug-ins and, if necessary, download and install a new browser and/or plug-ins.
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Printing or saving portion of web pages Printing portion of web pages

Printing a portion web pages is easier; normally the website gives an option of printing and saving with a symbol
placed on the website itself to print the content of the page or to save it.
Moreover you can select in File menu and use Print option for printing the web page contents. Moreover similar
process can be used for saving the content page or the whole page itself here is the screen.

Saving portion of web pages...

Go in File menu -> Save As

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Access Internet browser settings

Google Chrome
1. Open the Google Chrome browser.
2. In the upper-right corner, click the Customize and control Google

Chrome icon.
3. In the drop-down menu that appears, select Settings.

Mozilla Firefox
1. Open the Mozilla Firefox browser.

2. Click the menu icon in the upper-right corner of the browser window.
3. In the drop-down menu that appears, select Options.
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Safari
1. Open the Safari browser.
2. Select from the menu bar in the top-left corner of the screen.
3. In the drop-down menu that appears, select Preferences.

Microsoft Internet Explorer

1. Open the Internet Explorer browser.

2. In the upper-right corner, click the Tools icon.

3. In the drop-down menu that appears, select Internet options.

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