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Namma Kalvi
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UNIT
2 O

m
ptics

co
s.
CONCEPT MAP

Refraction
o
Dispersion
Light

ok
Scattering of light Optical Instruments
ab

Law of
refraction
Human eye Microscope Telescope
ur

Structure Defects

Simple Compound
.s

Rayleigh Mie Tyndal l Raman

Scattering Scattering Scattering Scattering
Terrestrial Astronomical
w

Myopia Hypermeteropia Presbyopia

w
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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science Optics
TEXTBOOK EVALUATION
I. Choose the correct answer : 7. In a myopic eye, the image of the object is
formed
1. The refractive index of four substances A, B, (a) behind the retina (b) on the retina

m
C and D are 1.31, 1.43, 1.33, 2.4 respectively. (c) in front of the retina (d) on the blind spot
The speed of light is maximum in [Ans. (c) in front of the retina]
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D 8. The eye defect ‘presbyopia’ can be corrected

co
 [Ans. (a) A] by
2. Where should an object be placed so that (a) convex lens (b) concave lens
a real and inverted image of same size is (c) convex mirror (d) Bi focal lenses
obtained by a convex lens [Ans. (d) Bi focal lenses]

s.
(a) f (b) 2f 9. Which of the following lens would you prefer
(c) infinity (d) between f and 2f to use while reading small letters found in a
 [Ans. (b) 2f] dictionary?

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(a) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm
3. A small bulb is placed at the principal focus
(b) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm
of a convex lens. When the bulb is switched (c) A convex lens of focal length 10 cm
on, the lens will produce (d) A concave lens of focal length 10 cm
(a) a convergent beam of light  [Ans. (a) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm]
o
(b) a divergent beam of light
10. If VB, VG, VR be the velocity of blue, green
(c) a parallel beam of light
and red light respectively in a glass prism,
ab

(d) a coloured beam of light

Unit 2

 [Ans. (c) a parallel beam of light] then which of the following statement gives
the correct relation?
4. Magnification of a convex lens is (a) VB = VG = VR (b) VB > VG >VR
(a) Positive (c) VB < VG < VR (d) VB < VG > VR
ur

(b) negative
 [Ans. (b) VB > VG > VR]
(c) either positive or negative
(d) zero II. Fill in the blanks :
.s

 [Ans. (c) either positive or negative]

1. The path of the light is called as __________.
5. A convex lens forms a real, diminished point  [Ans. ray]
sized image at focus. Then the position of
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the object is at 2. The refractive index of a transparent medium is

(a) focus always greater than ____________. [Ans. one]
(b) infinity 3. If the energy of incident beam and the scattered
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(c) at 2f beam are same, then the scattering of light is

(d) between f and 2f [Ans. (b) infinity] called as _________ scattering.[Ans. elastic]
6. Power of a lens is –4D, then its focal length is
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4. According to Rayleigh’s scattering law, the amount

(a) 4m (b) – 40m of scattering of light is inversely proportional to
(c) – 0.25 m (d) –2.5 m the fourth power of its _____________.
[Ans. (c) –0.25 m] [Ans. wavelength]
5. Amount of light entering into the eye is
controlled by __________.[Ans. Iris]
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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science

III. True or False. If false correct it: (b) If both assertion and reason are true but
reason is not the correct explanation of

Physics
1. Velocity of light is greater in denser medium assertion.
than in rarer medium (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Ans. False. (d) Assertion is false but reason is true.

m
Correct Statement : Velocity of light is lesser in 1. Assertion :If the refractive index of
denser medium than in rarer medium. the medium is high (denser
2. The power of lens depends on the focal medium) the velocity of the light
length of the lens in that medium will be small

co
Ans. True. Reason : Refractive index of the medium
is inversely proportional to the

Optics
3. Increase in the converging power of eye lens velocity of the light
cause ‘hypermetropia’ [Ans. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and

s.
Ans. True. reason is the correct explanation of assertion]
4. The convex lens always gives small virtual 2. Assertion : Myopia is due to the increase
image. in the converging power of eye

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Ans. False. lens.
Correct Statement : Concave lens always gives Reason : Myopia can be corrected with
small virtual image. the help of concave lens.
IV. Match the following : [Ans. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
o
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion]
Column – I Column – II
VI. Answer Briefly :
Retina a Path way of light
ab

(1)
1. What is refractive index?
Far point comes
(2) Pupil b Ans. The ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed
closer
of light in a medium is defined as refractive
near point moves
(3) Ciliary muscles c index ‘μ’ of that medium.
away
ur

2. State Snell's law.

(4) Myopia d Screen of the eye
Ans. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence
(5) Hypermetropia e Power of and sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the
accommodation ratio of refractive indices of the two media.
.s

Ans. sin i µ 2
=
Column – I Column – II
sin r µ1
Retina a Screen of the eye 3. Draw a ray diagram to show the image
w

(1)
(2) Pupil b Path way of light formed by a convex lens when the object is
placed between F and 2F.
Power of
(3) Ciliary muscles c Ans.
w

accommodation
M
Far point comes A
(4) Myopia d
closer C1 F2 2F2 B1
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(5) Hypermetropia e near point moves 2F1 C2

F1
away
V. Assertion and reason : N
Mark the correct choice as A1
Object placed between F and C
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and
reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science

additional questions and answers

Physics
I.Choose the Correct Answer 1 Mark 9. For air, the refractive index is
(a) 1 (b) infinity
1. The path of light is _______ (c) 0 (d) 1 [Ans. (a) 1]

m
(a) rays (b) point 10. When a ray of light travels from one medium
(c) lines (d) beam to another, it bends. This phenomenon is
 [Ans. (a) rays] called.

co
2. The group of rays is ________ (a) reflection (b) dispersion
(a) lines (b) dots (c) refraction (d) interference

Optics
(c) beam (d) none of these  [Ans. (c) refraction]
 [Ans. (c) beam] 11. The splitting up of white light into colours

s.
3. The velocity of light is _______ is called
(a) 3× 10–8 ms–1 (b) 3× 108 ms–1 (a) reflection (b) refraction
(c) 3 × 10 km s
8 –1
(d) 3× 10–8 km s–1 (c) scattering (d) dispersion

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[Ans. (b) 3 × 108 km s–1]  [Ans. (d) dispersion]
4. Velocity and wavelength of light are related 12. On a rainy day, small oily films on water
by a relation show brilliant colours. This is due to
c (a) scattering (b) dispersion
(a) g = c λ (b) γ =
o
λ (c) reflection (d) refraction
 [Ans. (d) dispersion]
(c) c = γ λ (d) both b & c
ab

 [Ans. (d) both b and c] 13. Rainbow formation is due to _____ water
droplets
5. Violet and red light _______ wavelengths.
(a) Ionisation
(a) lowest, highest (b) highest, lowest
(b) absorption of sunlight
(c) same (d) standard
(c) reflection and refraction of sunlight

ur

[Ans. (a) lowest, highest]

(d) reflection of sunlight
6. We can see objects because of  [Ans. (c) reflection and refraction]
(a) reflection (b) refraction
14. Red light is used in traffic signals because
(c) transmission (d) diffraction
.s

(a) It has highest wavelength

 [Ans. (a) reflection]
(b) disperses least
7. _______determines speed of light in a (c) red is symbol of danger
medium (d) both a & b
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[Ans. (d) both a and b]

(a) thickness (b) wavelength
15. A star appears twinkling in the sky because
(c) refractive index (d) both b and c
of ________ by the atmosphere.
 [Ans. (d) both b and c]
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(a) scattering of light (b) reflection of light

8. When light travels from rarer to denser (c) refraction of light (d) both a and b
medium, the refracted ray is _____ the  [Ans. (c) refraction of light]
normal.
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16. When a beam of light is passed through a

(a) bent away
colloidal solution, the light will be
(b) along
(a) scattered (b) reflected
(c) bent towards
(c) absorbed (d) unchanged
(d) just grazes the surface of separation
 [Ans. (a) scattered]
 [Ans. (c) bent towards]

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UNIT
3

m
Thermal Physics

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CONCEPT MAP

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science Thermal Physics

TEXTBOOK EVALUATION
2. The temperature and heat are _________
I. Choose the correct answer : quantities  [Ans. Scalar]
1. The value of universal gas constant 3. One calorie is the amount of heat energy

m
(a) 3.81 mol–1 K–1 (b) 8.03 mol–1 K–1 required to raise the temperature of _______ of
(c) 1.38 mol K
–1 –1
(d) 8.31 mol–1 K–1 water through______. [Ans. 1 gm; 1o C]
[Ans. (d) 8.31 mol–1 K–1] 4. According to Boyle’s law, the shape of the graph

co
2. If a substance is heated or cooled, the change between pressure and reciprocal of volume is
in mass of that substance is ________________ [Ans. straight line]
(a) positive (b) negative III. State whether the following
(c) zero (d) none of the above statements are true or false : If

s.
[Ans. (c) zero] false explain why?
3. If a substance is heated or cooled, the linear
expansion occurs along the axis of 1. For a given heat in liquid, the apparent

ok
expansion is more than that of real
(a) X or –X
expansion.
(b) Y or –Y
(c) both (a) and (b) Ans. False.
(d) (a) or (b) Correct Statement : The real expansion is
more (or) less than that of apparent expansion.
o
[Ans. (c) both (a) and (b)]
4. Temperature is the average ___________of 2. Thermal energy always flows from a system
at higher temperature to a system at lower
ab

the molecules of a substance

Unit 3

(a) difference in K.E and P.E

temperature.
(b) sum of P.E and K.E Ans. True.
(c) difference in T.E and P.E 3. According to Charles’s law, at constant
(d) difference in K.E and T.E pressure the temperature is inversely
ur

[Ans. (c) difference in T.E and P.E] proportional to volume.

5. In the Given diagram, the possible direction Ans. False.
of heat energy transformation is Correct Statement : Volume is directly
.s

proportional to temperature at constant

303 K pressure.
A
IV. Match the following :
w

304 K 305 K
B C
Column-I Column-II
(a) A B, A C, B C
1. Linear expansion (a) change in
(b) A B, A C, B C
w

volume
(c) A B, A C, B C
(d) A B, A C, B C 2. Superficial expansion (b) hot body to cold
body
B, A C, B
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[Ans. (a) A C]
3. Cubical expansion (c) 1.381 × 10–23 JK–1
II. Fill in the blanks : 4. Heat transformation (d) change in length
1. The value of Avogadro number __________ 5. Boltzmann constant (e) change in area
 [Ans. 6.023 × 1023 / mol (or) mol–1]

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science Thermal Physics
additional questions and answers
9. Increase in area due to heating is called
I.Choose the Correct Answer 1 Mark
(a) Linear expansion
(b) Superficial expansion
Which of the following has the fastest

m
1. (c) Cubical expansion
process of heat transfer? (d) real expansion
(a) Conduction (b) convection  [Ans. (b) Superficial expansion]
(c) Radiation (d) all the above

co
 [Ans. (c) Radiation] 10. Change in volume of a solid during heating
is
2. At what temperature are Celsius and (a) Linear expansion
Fahrenheit equal? (b) Superficial expansion
(a) 40° (b) –40° (c) Cubical expansion

s.
(c) 0° (d) 100° (d) apparent expansion
 [Ans. (b) –40°]  [Ans. (c) Cubical expansion]
3. In which process heat is transferred directly 11. Linear expansion is the change in ________

ok
from one molecule to other? when object is heated or cooled.
(a) conduction (b) convection (a) length (b) area
(c) Radiation (d) all the above (c) volume (d) density
 [Ans. (d) all the above]  [Ans. (a) length]
4. Temperature is a property which determines
o
12. Fundamental laws of gases are
(a) amount of heat a body contains (a) Boyle's law
(b) total absolute energy a body has (b) Charles's law
ab

(c) direction of flow of heat (c) Avogadro

Unit 3

(d) thermal energy (d) all the above [Ans. (d) all the above]
 [Ans. (c) direction of flow of heat]
13. At constant temperature volume is inversely
5. SI unit of temperature is proportional to pressure of a gas is known as
ur

(a) celsius (b) fahrenheit (a) Boyle's law

(c) kelvin (d) none (b) Charles
 [Ans. (c) kelvin] (c) Avogadro
6. SI unit of heat is (d) None [Ans. (a) Boyle's law]
.s

(a) calorie (b) joule 14. According to Charles's law

(c) kilo calorie (d) kelvin 1
 [Ans. (b) joule] (a) P µ (b) V µ T
V
w

7. All the substances will undergo the following (c) V µ n (d) all the above
changes like _________ when heated.
(a) increase in temperature  [Ans. (b) V µ T]
w

(b) expansion of substance 15. Gas laws state the relationship between
(c) change of state ______ properties of gas.
(d) all the above [Ans. (d) all the above]
(a) pressure (b) volume
w

8. Thermal expansion at particular temperature (c) Temperature & mass (d) all the above
is less in  [Ans. (d) all the above]
(a) solid (b) liquid
(c) gas (d) all above 16. SI unit of temperature is __________.
 [Ans. (a) solid] (a) K (b) °C (c) / °C (d) °F
[Ans. (a) K]

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science Thermal Physics

2. Write the co - efficient of cubical expansions Give short answer 2 Marks
of the materials given below in ascending
order. 1. Define temperature.
Mercury, Glass, Brass, Aluminium Ans. Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness
Ans. Glass, Brass, Aluminium, Mercury or coldness of an object.

m
Note 2. What is absolute temperature?
Glass → 2.5 × 10–5 (K–1) Ans. The temperature measured in relation to absolute
Brass → 6 × 10–5 (K–1) zero using the Kelvin scale is known as absolute

co
Aluminium → 7 × 10–5 (K–1) temperature.
Mercury → 18.2 × 10–5 (K–1) 3. Define Kelvin.
Ans. It is defined as the fraction, 1/273.16 of the
3. Four states of matter, arrange in sequence. thermodynamic temperature of triple point of

s.
Plasma, Gas, Solid, Liquid water.
Ans. Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma. 4. What is thermal energy?
Ans. Thermal energy is a form of energy which is
Answer in one or two sentences

ok
transferred between any two objects due to the
1. What is thermal equilibrium? difference in their temperatures.
Ans. (i) Two physical systems or objects are said 5. What is meant by heating?
to be in thermal equilibrium if there is no Ans. The process in which heat energy flows from an
o
net flow of thermal energy between the object at higher temperature to another object at
systems. lower temperature is known as “heating”.
ab

(ii) If two bodies are said to be in thermal 6. Name the process of heat transmission.
Unit 3

equilibrium, then, they will be at same

Ans. This process of transmission may be done in
temperature.
any of the ways like conduction, convection or
2. What is superficial expansion? radiation.
ur

Ans. When there is an increase in the area of a solid 7. Write characteristic features of heat energy
object due to heating, then the expansion is transfer.
called superficial or Areal expansion.
Ans. (i) Heat always flows from a system at
3. State - Avogadro’s law. higher temperature to a system at lower
.s

Ans. Avogadro's law states that at constant pressure temperature.

and temperature, the volume of gas is directly (ii) The mass of a system is not altered when it
proportional to number of atoms or molecules is heated or cooled.
w

in the gas. (iii) For any exchange of heat, the heat gained by
(ie) Vαn the cold system is equal to heat lost by the
V hotter system.
(or) = constant
w

n 8. Define one joule.

4. What is Kelvin scale? Ans. One joule is defined as the work done when a
Ans. Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic force of 1N is applied on an object to produce a
w

temperature scale using as its null point absolute displacement of one metre.
zero. 9. Define one kilocalorie.
(or) Ans. One kilocalorie is the amount of heat required
Kelvin is a scale of temperature with absolute to rise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water
zero as zero and the triple point of water as through 1°C.
exactly 273.16 degrees.

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UNIT
4

m
ELECTRICITY

co
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CONCEPT MAP

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science

TEXTBOOK EVALUATION

Physics
I. Choose the correct answer : III. State whether the following
statements are true or false: If
1. Which of the following is correct? false correct the statement

m
(a) Rate of change of charge is electrical power
(b) Rate of change of charge is current 1. Ohm’s law states the relationship between
(c) Rate of change of energy is current power and voltage.

co
(d) Rate of change of current is charge. Ans. False.
[Ans. (b) Rate of change of charge is current] Correct Statement : Ohm's law states the

Electricity
2. SI unit of resistance is relationship between current and voltage.
(a) mho (b) joule 2. MCB is used to protect house hold electrical

s.
(c) ohm (d) ohm meter appliances.
[Ans. (c) ohm] Ans. True.
3. In a simple circuit, why does the bulb glow 3. The SI unit for electric current is the

ok
when you close the switch? coulomb.
(a) The switch produces electricity
(b) Closing the switch completes the circuit Ans. False.
(c) Closing the switch breaks the circuit Correct Statement : The SI unit for electric
(d) The bulb is getting charged current is the ampere
o
 [Ans. (b) Closing the switch 4. One unit of electrical energy consumed is
completes the circuit] equal to 1000 kilowatt hour.
ab

4. kilowatt hour is the unit of Ans. False.

(a) resistivity (b) conductivity Correct Statement : One unit of electrical
(c) electrical energy (d) electrical power energy consumed is equal to 1 kilowatt hour
 [Ans. (c) electrical energy] 5. The effective resistance of three resistors
ur

connected in series is lesser than the lowest

II. Fill in the blanks : of the individual resistances.
1. When a circuit is open, _____________cannot Ans. False.
.s

pass through it. [Ans. current] Correct Statement : The effective resistance
of three resistors connected in series is higher
2. The ratio of the potential difference to the
than the lowest of individual resistances.
current is known as ________.
w

[Ans. resistance] IV. Match the items in column- I to

3. The wiring in a house consists of _________ the items in column-II :
[Ans. parallel]
w

circuits.
(i) electric current - (a) volt
4. The power of an electric device is a product of (ii) potential difference - (b) ohm meter
______ and ______.[Ans. voltage, current] (iii) specific resistance - (c) watt
w

5. LED stands for ____________. (iv) electrical power - (d) joule

 [Ans. Light Emitting Diode] (v) electrical energy - (e) ampere

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science Electricity
Ans. 2. What happens to the resistance, as the
(i) electric current - (a) ampere conductor is made thicker?
Ans. (i) Decreases : The resistance decreases as the
(ii) potential difference - (b) volt
conductor is made thicker.
(iii) specific resistance - (c) ohm meter
(ii) Reason : Resistance is inversely proportional
(iv) electrical power - (d) watt

m
to area of cross section A.
(v) electrical energy - (e) joule 1
i.e., R α - here, A = πr2
V. Assertion and reason : A

co
Where, r is the radius which determines the
Mark the correct choice as
thickness.
(a) if both the assertion and the reason are true
and the reason is the correct explanation of Why is tungsten metal used in bulbs, but not
3.
the assertion.
in fuse wires?
(b) if both the assertion and the reason are true,

s.
but the reason is not the correct explanation Ans. Tungsten has high melting point, it can bear
of the assertion. high heat for glowing. But in fuse wire, the wire
(c) if the assertion is true, but the reason is false. used in it should melt. So a metal (wire) which

ok
(d) if the assertion is false, but the reason is true. has low melting point should be used in a fuse
1. Assertion :Electric appliances with a wire, but not tungsten wire.
metallic body have three wire
connections 4. Name any two devices, which are working on
Reason : Three pin connections reduce the heating effect of the electric current.
o
heating of the connecting wires Ans. Electric iron, and electric toaster, or electric
[Ans. (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false]
oven, and electric heater.
ab
Unit 4

2. Assertion : In a simple battery circuit the

point of highest potential is VII. Short answer questions :
positive terminal of the battery
Reason : The current flows towards the 1. Define electric potential and potential
difference.
ur

point of the highest potential.

[Ans. (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false] Ans. Electric potential : The electric potential at a
3. Assertion : LED bulbs are far better than point is defined as the amount of work done in
incandescent bulbs. moving a unit positive charge from infinity to
.s

Reason : LED bulbs consume less power that point against the electric force.
than incandescent bulbs. Potential difference : The electric potential
[Ans. (a) Both the assertion and the reason difference between two points is defined as the
w

are true and the reason is the correct amount of work done in moving a unit positive
explanation of the assertion]
charge from one point to another point against
VI. Very short answer questions : the electric force.
w

1. Define the unit of current. 2. What is the role of the earth wire in domestic
circuits?
Ans. The current flowing through a conductor is said
to be one ampere, when a charge of one coulomb Ans. The earth wire provides a low resistance path
w

flows across any cross section of a conductor, in to the electric current. The earth wire sends the
one second. Hence, current from the body of the appliance to the
Earth, whenever a live wire accidentally touches
1coulomb
1 ampere = the body of metallic electric appliance. Thus,
1second the earth wire serves as a protective conductor,
which saves us from electric shocks.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Science Electricity

3. A piece of wire of resistance 10 ohm is drawn rL rL
out so that its length is increased to three R = ⇒ 10 =
times its original length. Calculate the new A A
resistance. When length is increased by three times (3L) the
Given area of cross section is reduced by three times
A

m
( ).
Resistance of wire, R = 10 Ω 3
Length is increased to thrice = 3 L
New length = 3 L
To find : New resistance = ?
A

co
New Area =
Solution 3
r.3L  ρL 
∴ New resistance R = = 9 
resistivity (r) × length (L) A  A 
Resistance (R) = area (A)
3

s.
R = 9.R ⇒ 9 × 10 = 90 Ω
R = 90 Ω

1.
additional questions and answers

I.Choose the Correct Answer

o 1 Mark

A series circuit consists of three resistors

ok
5. A parallel circuit consist of three resistors
with values of 430, 210 and 100. The total
resistance is
with values of 140, 250 and 220. The total (a) 0.017 ohm
ab

resistance is. (b) 58.82 ohm

Unit 4

(a) 330 (b) 610 (c) 58.82 kilo ohm

(c) 720 (d) None of the above [Ans. (b) 58.82 ohm]
(d) None of the above [Ans. (b) 610] 6. According to Ohm's law if voltage increase
ur

2. When will be the current flow in a circuit? and resistance stays the same
(a) A switch is closed (a) Resistance decreases
(b) Current increases
(b) A switch is opened
(c) Current remains the same
.s

(c) Switch is either open or closed (d) Current decreases

(d) None of the above  [Ans. (B) Current increases]
 [Ans. (A) A switch is closed]
7. The amount of work done in joules when
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3. When one of three series resistors is removed one unit electric charges moves from one
from a circuit and the circuit is reconnected point to another point in an electric circuit
is called.
the current
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(a) Resistance
(a) increase by half (b) increases (b) Potential difference
(c) decreases by half (d) none of the above (c) Current
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 [Ans. (b) increases] (d) charge [Ans. (b) Potential difference]

4. The S1 unit of power is 8. The resistance of material depends on.
(a) joule (b) ampere (a) Temperature
(c) watt (d) ohm (b) Length of conductor
 [Ans. (c) watt] (c) Area of cross-section
(d) All the above [Ans. (d) All the above]
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