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Lesson 6 Nationalism and Culture 1

The document discusses various conceptions of nationalism including how culture and identity can provide a sense of nationalism. It also examines different forms of nationalism such as civic versus ethnic nationalism and how global politics can interact with and impact nationalism.

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17 views22 pages

Lesson 6 Nationalism and Culture 1

The document discusses various conceptions of nationalism including how culture and identity can provide a sense of nationalism. It also examines different forms of nationalism such as civic versus ethnic nationalism and how global politics can interact with and impact nationalism.

Uploaded by

lanoyjessicaellah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nationalism and Culture

GE TCW
[ The Contemporary World ]
Introduction
• Nationalism

– Represents an important element of the contemporary world

– Can be of various kinds: state-strengthening, state-weakening

– Has many sources: internal (culture, ethnicity, class or race),


external (global or regional politics)

– Globalization of politics, economy and society opens up


opportunities for new forms of nationalism to emerge
Learning Outcomes
• At the end of this lesson, learners are expected to:

1. Discuss various conceptions of nationalism;


2. Elaborate different forms of nationalism;
3. Explain the interaction between global politics and nationalism;
and
4. Evaluate the impact of contemporary globalization on nationalism
Conceptions of Nationalism
• Nationalism

– Idea that holds nation-states together

– Conceives of the world as being divided into nations, or groups of


people with shared identity and loyalty

– National identity may be rooted in common culture, ethnicity


Conceptions of Nationalism
• Source of nationalism: Culture

– Intersubjective or shared; built upon an awareness of common


language, ethnicity, history, religion

– Sharing the same culture (intersubjective) provides a sense of


identity and belongingness

– May be constructed in different levels: in cities or villages, or


across families, clans, ethnic, national, religious, and other
networks
Case Study 1.
Religious and Cultural Symbols
The Philippines has rich cultural
diversity. Each region, province,
town, or even barrio has a set of
unique cultural and religious
traditions, norms, and values. The
shared culture and religion often
create a sense of community and
belonging. The images show religious
and cultural symbols of some parts in
the southern Philippines.
Conceptions of Nationalism
• Certain sorts of national identity formation

– have exclusionary tendency as people essentialize who they are in


core, unshakable way by one identity

– Case: Buddhist identity vs. Minority


– Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingyan Muslims in Myanmar
Conceptions of Nationalism
• Implications of nationalism:

– Upside:
• Provides the cohesiveness necessary for the modern nation-state
• Bonds that hold modern nation-states

– Downside:
• National self-interest often excludes the rights of other nations
• Can be source of international conflicts
Case Study 2.
Selected Figures of Nationalism in the
West
Napoleon Bonaparte Promoted French nationalism based on the ideas of the
(1769-1821) French Revolution such as popular sovereignty, liberty, and
equality and justified French expansionism

Woodrow Wilson Advanced the principle of national self-determination as an


(1856-1924) important goal after World War I

Adolf Hitler Led the Nazi Party promote German nationalism


(1889-1945)

Benito Mussolini Established the Fascist regime in Italy that valued nationalism,
(1883-1945) militarism, anti-communism, and anti-liberalism
Case Study 3.
Models of Ethnic Relations
1. Assimilation
– the incorporation and absorption of different cultures into another such that there is
one dominant culture
– Model: A + B + C = A

2. Aggregation
– the joining together of different cultures and coming up of another, single culture
– Model: A + B + C = D

3. Multiculturalism
– the inclusion of diverse cultures
– Model: A + B + C = A + B + C
Forms of Nationalism
• Civil nationalism vs. Ethnic nationalism
– Civic nationalism – commitment to state and its values
– Ethnic nationalism – commitment to a group of common descent

• Elite nationalism vs. Mass nationalism


– Elite nationalism – appeals only to a small stratum
– Mass nationalism – has popular resonance
Case Study 4.
Religious and Cultural Symbols
This poster commemorates the
death of 44 members of the
Philippine National Police (PNP)
Special Action Force (SAF) in their
2015 operation in Mamasapano,
Province of Maguindanao against the
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom
Fighters (BIFF) and the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front (MILF). The incident
is connected to the decades-long
struggle for secessionism in southern
Philippines.
Forms of Nationalism
• State strengthening vs. State weakening
– State strengthening – seeks to strengthen the state
– State weakening – seeks to weaken the state and subvert it
Global Politics and Nationalism
• Nationalism – relatively recent phenomenon
– French Revolution
– Nationalism became a factor in IR in late 19th century

• French Revolution
– Popular sovereignty – sovereignty resides in the people, not in the
monarch
– King Louis XIV – “I am the State.”
Global Politics and Nationalism
• National self-determination

– Movement after World War I


– Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• Justified right to national self-determination
Global Politics and Nationalism
• Pax Britannica

– Nationalism initially imitated the civic forms projected by UK


and France

– Imperialist conflict promoted state-strengthening nationalism


in challenger states
Global Politics and Nationalism

– Nationalism became central in the new nation-states

– Ethnic, state-subverting nationalism had limited success

– Counter-nationalism rejected imperial power


Case Study 5.
Rizal and Globalization
Monuments of Jose Rizal are a
common sight in many places around
the country: in front of a public
library which was named after him,
municipal and halls, and public
parks. Rizal’s nationalist sentiments
and ideas were largely shaped by the
colonial experience of the
Philippines under Spain. Nationalism
was introduced to Rizal and other
Filipino patriots through European
contacts. It became a driving force in
the struggle for national identity and
the birth of the Filipino nation.
Global Politics and Nationalism
• World War era

– Liberal democracy as cause, not narrow nationalism, though


liberal democracy organized in the form of civic nation-states

– For nationalists, conflict created opportunities; nationalism


entrenched, popular, and strong
Global Politics and Nationalism
• Cold War

– Europe: focus: stabilizing nation-states within supranational


framework

– Nation-state reasserted and globalized, but in civic rather than


ethnic form
Global Politics and Nationalism

– State-subverting nationalism used civic language and


demanded devolution

– Ethno-nationalism, secessionism reemerged after Cold War


Nationalism and Globalization
• Globalization poses a challenge to the nation and the state
– erodes sovereign territorial power, and the nation by creating
competing identities

• Yet, identity continues to matter


– National identity and solidarity is essential for nation-states

– The state’s lack of full control of the flow of ideas and information
makes national conversation and identity formation a difficult
task.

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