Languages used in Artificial

Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence has become an important part of human life as we are now highly
dependent on machines. Artificial Intelligence is a very important technology to
develop and build new computer programs and systems, which can be used to
simulate various intelligence processes like learning, reasoning, etc.

o Python
o R
o Lisp
o Java
o C++
o Julia
o Prolog

1. Python
Python is one of the most powerful and easy programming languages that anyone can
start to learn. Python is initially developed in the early stage of 1991. Python also comes
with some default sets of standards libraries and also provides better community
support to its users. Further, Python is a platform-independent language and also
provides an extensive framework for Deep Learning, Machine Learning, and Artificial
Intelligence.

Python is also a portable language as it is used on various platforms such as Linux,

Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX.

Features of Python
o It is easy to learn than any other programming language.
 o It is also a dynamically-typed language.
o Python is an Object-oriented language.
o It provides extensive community support and a framework for ML and DL.
o Open-source.
o Large standard sets of libraries.
o Interpreted language.

There are some standard Libraries in Python used for Artificial Intelligence as
follows:

1. Tensor Flow Python

2. Keras Python
3. Theano Python
4. Scikit-Learn Python
5. PyTorch Python
6. NumPy Python
7. Python Pandas
8. Seaborn Python

2. Java

Features of Java

Java has so many features which make Java best in industry and to develop artificial
intelligence applications:

o Portability
o Cross-platform.
o Easy to learn and use.
o Easy-to-code Algorithms.
o Built-in garbage collector.
o Swing and Standard Widget Toolkit.
o Simplified work with large-scale projects.
 o Better user interaction.
o Easy to debug.

3. Prolog
Prolog is one of the oldest programming languages used for Artificial Intelligence
solutions. Prolog stands for "Programming in Logic", which was developed by French
scientist Alain Colmerauer in 1970.

For AI programming in Prolog, developers need to define the rules, facts, and the end
goal. After defining these three, the prolog tries to discover the connection between
them. Programming in AI using Prolog is different and has several advantages and
disadvantages.

Prolog may not be a great programming language to build something big, but it's a
great language to study and think about problems in more logical ways rather than
procedural.

Features of Prolog

o Supports basic mechanisms such as

o Pattern Matching,
o Tree-based data structuring, and
o Automatic backtracking.
o Prolog is a declarative language rather than imperative.

. Lisp
Lisp has been around for a very long time and has been widely used for scientific
research in the fields of natural languages, theorem proofs, and to solve artificial
intelligence problems. Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation
for programs but eventually became a top choice of developers in the field of AI.
Although Lisp programming language is the second oldest language after Fortran, it is
still being used because of its crucial features. The inventor of LISP programming
was John McCarthy, who coined the term Artificial Intelligence.
Features of LISP
o The program can be easily modified, similar to data.
o Make use of recursion for control structure rather than iteration.
o Garbage Collection is necessary.
o We can easily execute data structures as programs.
o An object can be created dynamically.

5. R
R is one of the great languages for statistical processing in programming. However, R
supports free, open-source programming language for data analysis purposes. It may
not be the perfect language for AI, but it provides great performance while dealing with
large numbers.

Some inbuilt features such as built-in functional programming, object-oriented

nature, and vectorial computation make it a worthwhile programming language for
AI.

R contains several packages that are specially designed for AI, which are:

o gmodels - This package provides different tools for the model fitting task.
o TM - It is a great framework that is used for text mining applications.
o RODBC - It is an ODBC interface.
o OneR - This package is used to implement the One Rule Machine Learning classification
algorithm.

Features of R programming
o R is an open-source programming language, which is free of cost, and also you can add
packages for other functionalities.
o R provides strong & interactive graphics capability to users.
o It enables you to perform complex statistical calculations.
o It is widely used in machine learning and AI due to its high-performance capabilities.
6. Julia
Julia is one of the newer languages on the list and was created to focus on performance
computing in scientific and technical fields. Julia includes several features that directly
apply to AI programming.

Julia is a comparatively new language, which is mainly suited for numerical analysis and
computational science. It contains several features that can be very helpful in AI
programming.

Features of Julia
o Common numeric data types.
o Arbitrary precision values.
o Robust mathematical functions.
o Tuples, dictionaries, and code introspection.
o Built-in package manager.
o Dynamic type system.
o Ability to work for both parallel and distributed computing.
o Macros and metaprogramming capabilities.
o Support for multiple dispatches.
o Support for C functions.

7. C++

C++ language has been present for so long around, but still being a top and popular
programming language among developers. It provides better handling for AI models
while developing.

Although C++ may not be the first choice of developers for AI programming, various
machine learning and deep learning libraries are written in the C++ language.

Features of C++
o C++ is one of the fastest languages, and it can be used in statistical techniques.
 o It can be used with ML algorithms for fast execution.
o Most of the libraries and packages available for Machine learning and AI are written in
C++.
o It is a user friendly and simple language.

Current Trends in AI:

Over the past decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has meshed into
various industries. The era witnessed a dramatic increase in tools,
applications, and platforms based on AI and Machine Learning (ML).
These technologies have impacted healthcare, manufacturing, law,
finance, retail, real estate, accountancy, digital marketing, and several
other areas.

1. Intelligent Process Automation

In the latest technology trend, organisations are looking for intelligent
automation tools to solve business challenges and increase productivity,
efficiency, and accuracy, benefiting the organisation. One of the successive
waves, Intelligent Process Automation, or IPA, brings together Robotic
Process Automation (RPA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to
empower rapid end-to-end business process automation and accelerate
digital transformation.. IPA makes it possible to automate processes with
machine learning and analytic capabilities and cognitive technologies, like
computer vision, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and fuzzy logic..

2. A Shift Toward Cybersecurity

Anti-virus software is also being developed by using AI in the same manner
as this technology can help prevent a malware threat from having
devastating consequences. When it comes to businesses, AI-powered
cybersecurity tools also can gather data from a company's own
communications networks, digital activity, transactional systems, and
websites, as well as other external public sources. These tools then run
algorithms to identify patterns and detect or predict threatening activity,
potential data breaches, etc. This is a trend we can expect to continuously
see in the future as criminals constantly create new malware and data
acquisition methods.

3. AI for Personalised Services

The biggest AI trend in marketing is the increasing focus on providing
personalised services. One of the most common ways that AI can do so is
through analysing the online activity of individuals who search for specific
keywords. This level of personalisation is virtually guaranteed to provide a
better experience for customers, which will directly increase the revenue of
companies that take advantage of it. As machine learning becomes more
adept at understanding what people want in specific instances, AI will
become less of a sales tool and more of a digital friend.

4. Automated AI Development
In coming years, expect to see significant innovations in the area of 'AI for
AI': using AI to help automate the steps and processes involved in the life
cycle of creating, deploying, managing, and operating AI models. At a certain
level, AI can develop its algorithms to solve problems, increase efficiency,
and provide humans with useful research data.
Using automated AI will allow even non-experts to use AI algorithms and
techniques. One example is Google's AutoML, a tool that simplifies creating
machine learning models and makes the technology accessible to a wider
audience. These tools can create as much customisation as required without
knowing the complex workflow of Machine Learning in detail. Although this
type of development is in infancy, automated AI is renowned for growing
exponentially and is a major AI trend.

5. Autonomous Vehicles
With companies like Samsung, Nvidia, Volkswagen, Uber, and Google's
Waymo, the scope of autonomous driving has increased many folds. Everyone
knows AI's functionality into autonomous vehicles, and to tap such immense
potential, car, and tech companies are infusing billions of dollars in this
domain. The process is driven by the economic and social benefits involved.
Car manufacturers hope that autonomous driving technology will sway
consumers' minds. Supporters believe that self-driving car technology will
reduce traffic deaths and be a safe alternative to drive.
6. Incorporating Facial Recognition
Facial recognition appears to be en vogue at the moment. It is popping up in
many aspects of our lives and is being adopted by private and public
organisations for various purposes, including surveillance. More countries
are readying themselves to incorporate facial recognition technology and
enhance their security measures. Deep learning algorithms are being set to
ensure that this technology goes beyond regular facial recognition and more
understanding images and scenarios. It will also help provide more
personalised communications to customers, making it a notable AI trend for
coming years.

7. Convergence of IoT and AI

The lines between AI and IoT are increasingly blurring. While both
technologies have independent qualities, used together, they are opening up
better and more unique opportunities. The Internet of Things (IoT) devices
create a lot of data that needs to be mined for actionable insights. On the
other hand, Artificial Intelligence algorithms require the data before making
any conclusions. So the data collected by IoT is being used by AI algorithms
to create valuable results that are further implemented by the IoT devices.
AI's ability to rapidly glean insights from data makes IoT systems more
intelligent. In upcoming years more than 80% of enterprise IoT projects will
incorporate AI in some form, up from just 10% today.

8. AI in Healthcare
The contributions that AI can import to the healthcare industry are working
in groundbreaking ways, allowing people worldwide to receive safer and
more efficient care and making it easier to detect, prevent, and cure
diseases. Also, AI's ability to acquire data in real-time from electronic health
records, emergency department admissions, equipment utilisation, staffing
levels, etc. – and to interpret and analyse it in meaningful ways enables a
wide range of efficiency and care-enhancing capabilities in hospital
administration. Drug discoveries are another field where AI is acerbating.
AI is playing an essential role in helping healthcare professionals respond to
the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. AI is being used to distinguish COVID
patients and essential hot spots. COVID vaccine drug discovery is being
repurposed and speeded up using AI techniques. Researchers have
developed AI-based thermal cameras and smartphone apps for estimating
the temperature of people and assembling data for healthcare organisations.
Intelligent robots are being deployed to implement "contactless delivery" for
isolated individuals, helping medical staff ensure that the key areas stay
disinfected and safe for use.
9. Augmented Intelligence
For those who may still be worried about AI cannibalising their jobs, the rise
of AI should be a refreshing trend. It brings together the best capabilities of
both humans and technology, giving organisations the ability to improve their
workforce's efficiency and performance. By 2023, Gartner predicts that 40%
of infrastructure and operations teams in large enterprises will use AI-
augmented automation, resulting in higher productivity. The healthcare,
retail, and travel industries have already created uses of Augmented Reality.
Therefore, following this AI trend, there will be an increase in the number of
augmented reality apps.

10. Explainable AI
Despite becoming so ubiquitous, AI has suffered from trust issues. Much of
what machine learning accomplishes becomes unknowable at various points
of the process and appears as a black box. It's often impossible to explain
how the AI came to an inevitable conclusion. Explainable AI is designed to
simplify and visualise how ML networks make decisions. There is a more
significant push for deploying AI in a transparent and clearly defined manner.
While companies will make efforts to understand how AI models and
algorithms work? AI/ML software providers will make sophisticated ML
solutions more explainable to users.

11. Ethical AI
Rising demand for ethical AI is at the top of the list of emerging technology
trends. In the past, organisations that adopted Machine Learning and other
Artificial Intelligence technologies were not much preoccupied with their
ethical impact. Today, however, values-based consumers and employees
expect companies to adopt AI responsibly. Over the next few years, firms
will deliberately choose to do business with partners that commit to data
ethics and adopt data handling practices that reflect their values and
customers' values.
More than any other technological future trend, AI future trends promise
many possibilities. There are compelling developments; you can't ignore the
existence of intelligence demonstrated by machines. If you are excited to
quick start or expand your business solution in the field of AI, the following
technology offerings can be the right fit for you: