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Designation: A 350/A 350M - 97 An American National Standard

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch
Toughness Testing for Piping Components1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 350/A 350M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
77us standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope nation of Steel Forgings3

1.1 This specification2 covers several grades of carbon and A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
low-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and of Steel Products4
valves intended primarily for low-temperature service and A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
requiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specified Chemical Analysis of Steel Products4
dimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the ANSI and A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although this ments3
specification covers some piping components machined from E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination5
rolled bar and seamless tubular materials (see 4.3.3), it does not E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
cover raw material produced in these product forms. Blooms, and Forgings6
1.2 No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability of 2.2 MSS Standard:
the manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements. How- MSS-SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
ever, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in the Flanges and Unions7
quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. 2.3 ASME Standard:
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when Section IX, Welding Qualifications, ASME Boiler and Pres-
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply sure Vessel Code8
only when specified by the purchaser in the order. 2.4 AWS Standards:
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units A 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes9
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes9
applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the mate- 2.5 ANSI Standards:10
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each rous Valves
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the Threaded
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions
cation. B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges
2.6 API Standards:11
NOTE 1—Refer to Test Methods and Definitions A 370 for notes on 600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
significance of notched-bar impact testing.

2. Referenced Documents
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami- 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
7
1 Available from the Manufacturer's Standardization Society of the Valve and
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-l on Steel,
Fittings Industry, 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 8
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
New York, NY 10017.
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. 9
Available from American Welding Society, 550 LeJeune Rd., P.O. Box 351040,
Current edition approved March 10,1997. Published November 1997. Originally
Miami, FL 33135.
published as A 350 - 52 T. Last previous edition A 350/A 350M - 96c. 10
2 Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
Floor, New York, NY 1O036.
cation SA-350 in Section II of that Code. 11
Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street N.W., Washing-
ton, DC 20005.

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602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
Use machined directly from bar stock.
605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges 4.4 Heat Treatment:
4.4.1 After hot working and before reheating for heat
3. Ordering Information treatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantially
3.1 It is the purchaser's responsibility to specify in the below the transformation range.
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase 4.4.2 Forgings of grades other than Grade LF787 shall be
the needed material. Examples of such information include but furnished in the normalized, or in the normalized and tem-
are not limited to the following: pered, or in the quenched and tempered condition described by
3.1.1 Quantity, the following procedures:
3.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions (Tolerances and 4.4.2.1 Normalize—Heat to a temperature that produces an
surface finishes should be included), austenitic structure, holding sufficient time to attain uniform
3.1.3 Specification number, grade, and class if applicable temperature throughout. Cool uniformly in still air.
(The year date should be included), 4.4.2.2 Normalize and Temper—Subsequent to normalize,
3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, and reheat to 1100°F [590°C] minimum, holding at temperature a
3.1.5 Additional requirements (See Table 1 footnotes, minimum of 30 min/in. [30 min/25 mm] of maximum thick-
6.1.3.3, 8.1, 13.1, 13.2, and 14.2). ness, but in no case less than 30 min. Cool in still air.
4.4.2.3 Quench and Temper—The procedure for quenching
4. Manufacture shall consist of either (1) fully austenitizing the forgings
4.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be produced by any of followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium or (2) using
the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, a multiple stage procedure whereby the forging is first fully
electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to partially
primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refin- reaustenitize, followed by quenching in a suitable liquid
ing, and may be followed by secondary melting using electro- medium. All quenched forgings shall be tempered by reheating
slag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR). to a temperature between 1100°F [590°C] and the lower
4.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice. transformation temperature, holding at temperature a minimum
4.1.2 The molten steel may be vacuum treated prior to or of 30 min/in. [30 min/25 mm] of maximum thickness but in no
during pouring of the ingot. case less than 30 min. Cool in still air.
4.2 Discard—A sufficient discard shall be made to secure 4.4.3 Grade LF787 forgings shall be furnished in either the
freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation. normalized-and-precipitation heat treated condition or in the
4.3 Forging Process: quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. The heat
4.3.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged, treatment procedures shall be as follows:
rolled, or strandcast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars. 4.4.3.1 Normalized-and-Precipitation Heat Treated—Heat
4.3.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in to a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to
the Terminology section of Specification A 788. 940°C], hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attain
4.3.3 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically- uniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature for
shaped parts may be machined from rolled bar or seamless not less than 1/2 h, and remove from the furnace and cool in air.
tubular materials provided that the axial length of the part is Subsequently, heat to a temperature in the range from 1000 to
approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. 1200°F [540 to 650°C], soak at the temperature for not less
Other parts, excluding flanges of all types, may be machined than 1/2 h, and cool at any convenient rate.
from hot-rolled or forged bar up through and including NPS4. 4.4.3.2 Quenched-and-Precipitation Heat Treated—Heat to

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements*

Element Composition, wt. %

Grade LF1 Grade LF2 Grade LF3 Grade LF5 Grade LF6 Grade LF9 Grade LF787
Carbon, max 0.35 0.35 0.20 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.07
Manganese 0.60-1.35 0.60-1.35 0.90 max 0.60-1.35 1.15-1.50 0.40-1.06 0.40-0.70
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.025 0.040 0.025
Silicon'4 0.15-0.30 0.15-0.30 0.20-0.35 0.20-0.35 0.15-0.30 0.40 max
Nickel 0.40 maxs 0.40 maxs 3.3-3.7 1.0-2.0 0.40 max8 1.60-2.24 0.70-1.00
Chromium 0.30 max8C 0.30 maxec 0.30 maxc 0.30 maxc 0.30 max8C 0.30 maxc 0.60-0.90
Molybdenum 0.12 max8C 0.12 maxs'c 0.12 maxc 0.12 maxc 0.12 maxs'c 0.12 maxc 0.15-0.25
Copper 0.40 max8 0.40 max8 0.40 maxc 0.40 maxc 0.40 max8 0.75-1.25 1.00-1.30
Columbium 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 min
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.04-0.11 0.03 max 0.03 max
Nitrogen 0.01-0.030
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required by Supplementary Requirement S11, the silicon content shall be 0.12 % maximum.
8
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis.
c
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis.
+
Revisions to Table 1 approved April 10, 1996.

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a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [879 to 10 000, at time of heat treatment, it may be obtained from
940°C], hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attain separately forged test blanks from the same heat of steel as the
uniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature for production forgings. The test blank shall be reduced by forging
not less than 1/2 h and quench in a suitable liquid medium by in a manner similar to that for the products represented, and
immersion; reheat to a temperature in the range from 1000 to shall receive approximately the same hot working and reduc-
1225°F [540 to 665 °C], hold at the temperature for not less tion and the same heat treatment as the finished products
than 1/2 h, and cool at any convenient rate. represented. The test material shall be treated in the same
5. Chemical Composition furnace at the same time as the forging it represents, subject to
5.1 Heat Analysis: the requirements of 6.1.2.1.
5.1.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the 6.1.1.2 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from
steel producer from samples taken preferably during the the same heat and heat-treatment load whose maximum thick-
pouring of the heat. The results shall conform to Table 1. nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blank
5.1.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used. by more than VA in. [6 mm].
5.1.3 Intentional additions of copper, nickel, chromium or 6.1.2 Number of Tests—One tension test at room tempera-
molybdenum to Grades LF1, LF2 and LF6 are not permitted. ture shall be made in accordance with 6.1.1.2 from each heat in
Intentional additions of copper, chromium or molybdenum to each heat-treatment load.
Grades LF3 or LF5 are not permitted. Intentional additions of
chromium or molybdenum to Grade LF9 are not permitted. 6.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous
5.2 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the or a batch-type furnace controlled within ±25°F [±14°C] of
purchaser from a forging representing each heat of steel. the required heat-treatment temperature and equipped with
Samples for analysis shall be taken midway between center and recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-
surface of solid forgings, midway between inner and outer ment are available and if the same heat-treating cycles are used
surfaces of hollow forgings, midway between center and on the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tension
surface of full-size prolongations, or from broken mechanical test from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension test
test specimens. The chemical composition thus determined from each heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with
shall conform to Table 1, with the tolerances as stated in Table 6.1.1.2.
2. 6.1.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen
5.3 Methods of Analysis—Test Methods, Practices, and shall be removed from the heaviest section of the forging or
Terminology A 751 shall apply. test blank, at locations described in 6.1.3.1, 6.1.3.2, 6.1.3.3 or
6. Mechanical Properties as close to these locations as practical, subject to forging size
6.1 Tension Tests: and geometry.
6.1.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to require- 6.1.3.1 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum
ments for tensile properties in Table 3. heat-treated thickness, T, of 2 in. [50 mm] or less, the
6.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or longitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be taken at
finished forging, or prolongation thereof. For forgings under mid-thickness and its mid-length s hall be at least 2 in. [50 mm]
TABLE 2 Product Analysis Tolerances

Element Permissible Variations Over Maximum Limit or Under Minimum Limit for Size Ranges Shown, %
Limit or Maximum of To 100 in.2 Over 100 to 200 in.2 Over 200 to 400 in.2 Over 400 to 800 in.2
Specified Range [645 cm2] [645 to 1290 cm2] [1290 to 2580 cm2] [2580 to 5160 cm2]
incl/1 incl'' incr4 incr4
Carbon to 0.30 incl 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Manganese to 0.90 incl 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
over 0.90 to 1.35 incl 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
over 1.35 to 1.50 incl 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Phosphorus over maximum only 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010
Sulfur over maximum only 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010
Silicon to 0.35 incl 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04
Nickel up to and incl 1.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
over 1.00 to 2.00 incl 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
over 2.00 to 5.20 incl 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Copper up to and incl 0.75 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
over 0.75 to 1.30 incl 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Chromium to 0.90 incl 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Molybdenum to 0.20 incl 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
over 0.20 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Columbium to 0.10 incl 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Vanadium up to and incl 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.11 to 0.25 incl 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Nitrogen up to and incl 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
over 0.02 to 0.19 incl 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
' The significant cross section of the forging shall be governed by the main body diameter.

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TABLE 3 Tensile Properties at Room Temperature"

Grades
LF1 and LF5 LF2 LF3 and LF5 LF6 LF9 LF787
Class 1 Classes Class 2
Class 1 Classes 2 and Class 2 Class 3
1 and 2
3
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60-85 70-95 70-95 66-91 75-100 63-88 65-85 75-95
[415-585] [485-655] [485-655] [455-630] [515-690] [435-605] [450-585] [515-655]
sc
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] ' 30 [205] 36 [250] 37.5 [260] 52 [360] 60 [415] 46 [315] 55 [380] 65 [450]
Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or small 25 22 22 22 20 25 20 20
proportional specimen, min % in
4D gage length
Strip specimen for wall thickness 28 30 30 30 28 28 28 28
5
/i6 in. (7.94 mm) and over and
for all small sizes tested in full
section; min % in 2 in. (50 mm)
Equation for calculating min elongation 48f+ 13 48f+15 48f+ 15 48f+15 48f+13 48f + 13 48f+13 48f+13
for strip specimens thinner than
5
/i6 in. (7.94 mm); min % in 2 in.
(50 mm)
t = actual thickness in inches
Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 40 40 38 45 45
A
See 6.3 for hardness tests.
B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method.
c
For round specimens only.

TABLE 4 Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for Standard

from a second heat treated surface, exclusive of the T dimen- Size [10 by 10 mm] Specimens
sion surfaces. (This is normally referred to as Vi T by 2 in. [50
mm]). Grade Minimum Impact Minimum Impact
6.1.3.2 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum Energy Required for Energy Permitted for
Average of Each Set One Specimen only of
heat-treated thickness, T, greater than 2 in. [50 mm], the central of Three Specimens, a Set, ftlbf[J]
axis of the test specimen shall be taken at least V4 T from the ftlbf[J]
nearest heat-treated surface and at least T or 4 in. [100 mm], LF1 and LF9 13 [18] 10 [14]
whichever is less, from any second heat-treated surface. LF2, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF3 15 [20] 12 [16]
6.1.3.3 With prior purchaser approval, tests may be taken at
LF5 Class 1 and 2 15 [20] 12 [16]
a depth (?) corresponding to the distance from the area of LF787 Classes 2 and 3 15 [20] 12 [16]
significant loading to the nearest heat treated surface and at LF6, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF2, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
least twice this distance (2f) from any second surface. How- LF3, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
ever, the test depth shall not be nearer to one treated surface LF6, Classes 2 and 3 20 [27] 15 [20]
than 3/4 in. [19 mm] and to the second treated surface than 1 Vz
in. [38 mm]. This method of test location would normally
TABLE 5 Standard Impact Test Temperature for Standard Size
apply to contour-forged parts, or parts with thick cross- [10 by 10 mm] Specimens
sectional areas where lA T X 7*testing (6.1.3.2) is not practical.
Sketches showing the exact test locations shall be approved by Grade Test Temperature, °F [°C]
the purchaser when this method is used. LF1 -20 [-28.9]
6.1.3.4 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axis LF2 Class 1 -50 [-45.6]
located parallel to the direction of major working of the forging LF2 Class 2 -0 [-18]
LF3 -150 [-101.1]
or test blank. LF5, Classes 1 and 2 -75 [-59.4]
6.1.4 Test Method—Testing shall be performed in accor- LF6, Classes 1 and 2 -60 [-50]
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The test LF6, Class 3 0 [-18]
LF9 -100 [-73.3]
specimen shall be as large as is practicable and shall be LF787, Class 2 -75 [-50]
machined to the form and dimensions of Fig. 6 of Test Methods LF787 Class 3 -100 [-73]
and Definitions A 370. When seamless tubular materials are
used, testing shall be performed on longitudinal specimens in energy values proportional to standard size. Exceptions to this
accordance with Annex A2, Steel Tubular Products, of Test requirement are permissible when supplement S4 is specified
Methods and Definitions A 370. by the purchaser. Impact tests may be made at temperatures
6.2 Impact Test: different from those in Table 5, provided that the test tempera-
6.2.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the ture is at least as low as the intended service temperature, and
requirements for impact properties in Table 4 when tested at that the forging is suitably marked to identify the reported test
the applicable standard temperature in Table 5 within the limits temperature.
of 6.2.4.2 and 6.2.4.3. When subsize specimens are used, the 6.2.1.1 The test specimens shall be machined from material
impact energy values obtained shall conform to Table 6 at obtained as in 6.1.
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TABLE 6 Minimum Equivalent Absorbed Energy ftlblf (J) for and where the largest obtainable specimen has a width along
Various Specimen Sizes'4 the notch of at least 80 % of the forging thickness, the
1 1
specimen shall be tested at the temperature in Table 5. Where
Standard % size % size /2 size /3 size V* size
Size [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by
the largest obtainable specimen has a width along the notch of
10 mm] 7.5 mm] 6.6 mm] 5 mm] 3.3 mm] 2.5 mm] less than 80 % of the material thickness, the temperature for
15 [20] 12 [16] 10 [14] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [6] testing shall be lower than the temperature in Table 5 by an
13 [18] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 5 [7] 4 [6] amount equal to the difference (referring to Table 7) between
12 [16] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 4 [6] 3 [5]
10 [14] 8 [11] 7 [10] 5 [7] 3 [5] 3 [5]
the temperature reduction corresponding to the thickness of the
A material represented, and the temperature reduction corre-
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.
sponding to the specimen width actually tested.
6.3 Hardness Test:
6.2.2 Number of Tests—Three specimens shall constitute 6.3.1 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini-
one test set. There shall be the same number of test sets as mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or
tension tests in 6.1.2. continuous run as defined in 6.1.2.1 to ensure that hardness of
6.2.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen the forgings does not exceed 197 HB after heat treatment for
shall be located and oriented as described in 6.1.3. The area mechanial properties. The hardness measurements shall be
under the notch of the impact test specimen shall be used to made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
locate the specimen with respect to the second heat-treated When only one forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested
surface. The base of the notch shall be perpendicular to the to ensure that it meets the 197 HB maximum of this specifi-
nearest heat-treated surface. cation. The purchaser may verify that this requirement has been
6.2.4 Test Method—The notched bar impact test shall be met by testing at any location on the forging, provided that
made in accordance with the procedure for the Charpy V-notch such testing does not render the forging useless.
type test as described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
6.2.4.1 Standard size specimens shown in Fig. 10 of Test 7. Hydrostatic Test
Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used for the impact 7.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be
test. Where the material is of insufficient thickness, or the capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating
shape of the forging precludes standard size, the largest of the finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted by the
obtainable subsize specimen described in Test Methods and forging manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement
Definitions A 370 shall be used. S9 is specified.
6.2.4.2 Where subsize specimens are used and represent
forged material with thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.394 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
in. [10 mm], and where the largest obtainable specimen has a 8.1 The forgings shall conform to the dimensions, toler-
width along the notch of at least 8 mm, such specimen shall be ances, and finish as specified on the purchaser's drawing or
tested at the temperature in Table 5. Where the largest order. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the
obtainable specimen has a width along the notch less than 8 fittings shall be cleaned to remove all scale and processing
mm, the temperature for testing shall be lower than the compounds prior to final surface examination. The cleaning
temperature in Table 5 by the amount shown in Table 7 for the process shall not injure the surface finish, material properties,
actual specimen width tested. or the metallurgical structure. The cleaned fittings shall be
6.2.4.3 Where subsize specimens are used and represent protected to prevent recontamination. Protective coatings on
forged material with thicknesses less than 0.394 in. [10 mm], socket weld and butt welding fittings shall be suitable for
subsequent welding without removal of the coating. When
TABLE 7 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below specified in the purchase order, parts may be furnished in the
Table 5 Test Temperature when the Subsize Charpy Impact Width as-formed or as-forged condition.
along Notch is Less than 80% of the Forging Thickness 8.2 The forgings shall be free of injurious imperfections as
defined below and shall have a workmanlike finish. At the
Size of Bar Thickness of the Material Temperature
Represented (see 6.2.4.3), Reduction,
discretion of the inspector representing the purchaser, finished
or Charpy, Impact °F rci forgings shall be subject to rejection if surface imperfections
Specimen Width Along the acceptable under 8.2 are not scattered but appear over a large
Notch'', in. [mm]
area in excess of what is considered a workmanlike finish.
Standard 0.394 [10] 0[0] 8.3 Depth of Injurious Imperfections—Selected typical lin-
Standard 0.354 [9] 0[0]
Standard 0.315 [8] 0[0] ear surface imperfections shall be explored for depth. When the
% -size 0.295 [7.5] 5 [3] depth encroaches on the minimum wall thickness of the
% -size 0.276 [7] 8 [5]
% -size 0.262 [6.67] 10 [6]
finished forging, such imperfections shall be considered inju-
% -size 0.236 [6] 15 [8] rious.
1
1
/2 -size 0.197 [5] 20 [11] 8.4 Machining or Grinding Imperfections Not Classified as
/2 -size 0.158 [4] 30 [17]
Va -size 0.131 [3.33] 35 [20]
Injurious—Surface imperfections not classified as injurious
1
/3 -size 0.118 [3] 40 [22] shall be treated as follows:
V* -size 0.099 [2.5] 50 [28] 8.4.1 Forgings showing seams, laps, tears, or slivers not
' Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted. deeper than 5 % of the nominal wall thickness or V\6 in. [1.6
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mm], whichever is less, need not have these imperfections shall be deposited using carbon steel electrodes E7015,
removed. If the imperfections require removal, they shall be E 7016, or E 7018, complying with AWS A 5.1. For Grade LF2
removed by machining or grinding. forgings in all other conditions of post-weld heat treatment, the
8.4.2 Mechanical marks or abrasions and pits shall be weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy steel electrodes
acceptable without grinding or machining provided the depth E7015-A1; E7016-A1, or E7018-A1 complying with AWS
does not exceed the limitations set forth in 8.2 and is not deeper 5.5; for Grade LF3 forgings the weld metal shall be deposited
than Vie in. [1.6 mm]. If such imperfections are deeper than Vi6 using low-alloy steel electrodes E 8016-C2 or E 8018-C2
in. [1.6 mm], but do not encroach on the minimum wall complying with AWS A 5.5; for Grades LF5, LF9, and LF787
thickness of the forging, they shall be removed by grinding to forgings, the weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy
sound metal. steel electrodes E 8016-C1 or E 8018-C1 complying with AWS
8.4.3 When imperfections have been removed by grinding A 5.5. For Grade LF6, the electrodes shall be low-hydrogen,
or machining, the outside dimension at the point of grinding or E-XX15, E-XX16, or E-XX18 complying with AWS A 5.1 or
machining will be reduced by the amount removed. Should it A 5.5, as applicable.
be impracticable to secure a direct measurement of wall 10.3.4 After repair welding, the area welded shall be com-
thickness at the point of grinding, or at imperfections not pletely free of defects as verified by magnetic particle or liquid
required to be removed, the thickness shall be determined by penetrant inspection.
deducting the amount removed by grinding, from the nominal 10.3.5 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normal-
finished wall thickness of the forging. The remainder shall not ized and tempered, or the quenched and tempered conditions
be less than the minimum specified or required wall thickness. shall be stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100°F [590°C]
minimum, but not higher than the temperature previously used
9. Retests for tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall be
9.1 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective machin- reheat treated in accordance with 4.4.
ing, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted. 10.3.6 When the purchaser specifies Supplementary Re-
quirement S5, the same requirements shall apply to the weld
10. Rework and Retreatment procedure qualification tests.
10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to 10.3.7 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10 % of the
the requirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat surface area of the forging or 33'/3 % of the wall thickness of
the forgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable the finished forging, or % in. [9.5 mm], whichever is less,
requirements. without prior approval of the purchaser.
10.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirements 10.3.8 When approval of the purchaser is obtained, the
shall be acceptable. limitations set forth in 10.3.7 may be exceeded, but all other
10.3 Repair by Welding—Weld repairs shall be permitted requirements of 10.3 shall apply.
(see Supplementary Requirements S10) at the discretion of the
manufacturer with the following limitations and requirements: 11. Inspection
10.3.1 Repair by welding shall be made using welding 11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser's inspector
procedures and welders qualified in accordance with ASME all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the
Section IX of the Code.2 The weld procedure qualification test material is being furnished in accordance with the purchase
shall also include impact tests of the weld metal and heat- order. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces-
affected zone. All impact test specimens shall have the longi- sarily with the manufacturer's operations. All tests and inspec-
tudinal axis transverse to the weld and the base of the notch tions shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless
normal to the weld surface. Weld specimens shall have the otherwise agreed, except for product analysis (see 5.2).
notch in weld metal and heat-affected zone specimens shall
have the notch in the heat-affected zone. The specimens shall 12. Rejection and Rehearing
be as large as permitted by the weldment thickness. Where 12.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects during
full-size specimens can be obtained and where there is suffi- shop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-
cient weldment thickness, the weld specimen shall be taken facturer notified.
with one side of the specimen within J/i6 in. [1.6 mm] of the 12.2 Samples representing material rejected by the pur-
weld surface. Heat-affected zone impact test specimens shall chaser shall be preserved until disposition of the claim has been
be taken at the same depth and locations applicable to the agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
forging in 6.1.3.1 and 6.1.3.2. When forgings are thermally
treated after repair welding, the weld procedure test plate shall 13. Certification
be subjected to the same thermal treatment. The mechanical 13.1 For forgings made to specified dimensions when
properties of the weld procedure qualification test shall con- agreed to by the purchaser, and for forgings made to dimen-
form to Section 6. sional standards, application of identification marks as required
10.3.2 Defects shall be completely removed by chipping or in Section 14 shall be the certification that the forgings have
grinding to sound metal as verified by magnetic particle, or been furnished in accordance with the requirements of this
liquid penetrant inspection prior to welding. specification.
10.3.3 For Grade LF1 forgings, and LF2 forgings that are to 13.2 When test reports are required, they shall include
be only stress-relieved after repair welding, the weld metal certification that all requirements of this specification have
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been met, and shall be traceable to the forging represented. The and the results have been determined to meet the requirements of this
specification designation included on test reports shall include specification.
year of issue and revision letter, if any. The manufacturer shall 14.1.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered or
provide the following where applicable: quenched-and-precipitation heat treated the letters QT shall be
13.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 4, stamped on the forgings following the ASTM designation.
13.2.2 Chemical analysis results, Section 5 (Table 1), 14.1.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with
13.2.3 Product analysis results, 5.2 (Table 1 and Table 2), the letter W following the ASTM designation.
13.2.4 Tensile property results, Section 6 (Table 3) report 14.2 If identification stamps are objectionable and detrimen-
the yield strength and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elonga- tal to the forging, and when so stated on the purchase order, the
tion and reduction in area, in percent, marks may be painted or stenciled on the forging, or stamped
13.2.5 Impact test results, 6.2 (Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, and on a metal or plastic tag which shall be securely attached to the
Table 7), forging.
13.2.6 Hardness results, 6.3.1, 14.3 When test reports are required, additional marks shall
13.2.7 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase be used as necessary to identify the part with the test report.
order, and 14.4 If the test temperature is other than the standard
13.2.8 If repaired by welding, 14.1.2, letter W is to follow temperature specified in Table 5, the mark shall also include the
the ASTM designation. suffix letter S to the grade and class and the test temperature. A
prefix 0 to the test temperature shall indicate a less than 0°F
14. Product Marking [-17.8°C] value. For example, LF2S 0175 denotes a test
14.1 Identification marks consisting of the ASTM specifi- temperature of -175°F [-115°C] for an LF2 part.
cation number grade and class, manufacturer's name (Note 2) 14.5 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 14.1,
or symbol, the heat number or manufacturer's heat identifica- 14.2,14.3, and 14.4, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental
tion, size, and service rating, if applicable, shall be perma- identification method. The purchaser may specify in the order
nently placed on each forging in a position that will not affect a specific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding system,
the usefulness of the forging. The specification number marked if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent
on the forgings need not include specification year of issue and with one of the published industry standards for bar coding. If
revision letter. The Standard Marking System of Valves, used on small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box or
Fittings, Flanges, and Unions (SP25) of the Manufacturer's a substantially applied tag.
Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry may
be followed except the word "steel" shall not be substituted for 15. Keywords
the ASTM designation. 15.1 carbon equivalent; pipe fittings; steel; piping applica-
NOTE 2—For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer is tions; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steel forgings;
considered the organization that certifies the piping component was alloy; steel forgings; carbon; steel valves; temperature service
manufactured, sampled, and tested in accordance with this specification applications; low

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, or order:

51. Macroetch Test 53. Additional Mechanical Tests

51.1 A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched to 53.1 In addition to the requirements of Section 6, the heat
show flow lines and internal soundness. The tests shall be identification shall be marked on each forging, and one tension
conducted according to Method E 381. specimen and one test set of three impact specimens shall be
51.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between the obtained from a representative forging or test blank, the
manufacturer and the purchaser. procedure for taking the test material to be agreed upon
between the manufacturer and purchaser.
52. Product Analysis 53.2 The results of the test shall comply with 6.1.1 and
6.2.1, and shall be reported to the purchaser.
52.1 A product analysis shall be made from one randomly
selected forging representing each size and shape of forging on 54. Other Impact Test Temperatures
the order and the results shall not vary from the ranges or limits S4.1 Impact test temperatures lower or higher than the
specified in Table 1 by more than the amounts specified in standard temperature in Table 5 of this specification shall be
Table 2. used.
52.2 If the analysis fails to comply, each forging shall be S4.1.1 When higher test temperatures are employed, the
checked or the lot rejected. All results shall be reported to the actual test temperature may not be higher than that given in
purchaser. Table Sl.l.
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TABLE S1.1 Maximum Supplemental Test Temperatures S9. Hydrostatic Testing
S9.1 A hydrostatic test at a pressure agreed upon between
Grade Maximum Test Temperature, °F (°C)
the manufacturer and purchaser shall be applied by the
LF1 -10 [-23]
LF2, Class 1 -35 [-37] manufacturer.
LF3 -125 [-87] 510. Repair Welding
LF5, Classes 1 and 2 -60 [-511
LF6, Classes 1 and 2 -40 [-40] S10.1 No repair welding shall be permitted without prior
LF9 -80 [-62] approval of the purchaser.
LF787, Class 2 -60 [-51]
LF787, Class 3 -80 [-62] 511. Vacuum Carbon-Deoxidized Steels
SI 1.1 Material made to Grades LF1, LF2, LF3, LF5, and
54.2 The test temperature shall be specified by the pur- LF9 shall be vacuum carbon-deoxidized, in which case the
chaser. When subsize specimens are used, the manufacturer silicon content shall be 0.12 % maximum. The test report shall
shall adjust the test temperature in accordance with the size indicate that the steel was vacuum carbon-deoxidized.
restrictions of 6.2.4.2 and 6.2.4.3. 512. Special Impact Test Requirements for Flanges (Note
54.3 The forging shall be marked with the specified test Sl.l)
temperature in accordance with 14.4. A lower temperature shall
512.1 Charpy test specimens shall be cut from an actual
not be marked on the forging because of the use of subsize
flange representing each size, heat, and heat-treatment lot. If
specimens.
more than one size flange is represented by the same heat and
54.4 The test results shall comply with Table 4 for standard
heat-treatment lot, the maximum size flange shall be consid-
size specimens, and with Table 6 for subsize specimens.
ered representative.
55. Stress-Relieved Test Specimens 512.2 The number, location, and orientation of the test
specimens shall be stated on the order.
55.1 The test specimens shall be stress relieved. Stress
512.3 The test results shall comply with Table 4 for standard
relieving shall be done after heat treatment in 4.4 and before
size specimens, and with Table 6 for subsize specimens.
machining the specimens from the heat-treated test material.
55.2 The purchaser shall furnish the forging manufacturer NOTE Sl.l—These special requirements should be considered for
with details of the stress-relief treatment desired. services when the applied stresses approach the maximum permissible
limits of the governing code, or the installation is subject to severe cyclic
56. Lateral Expansion conditions (7000 or more cycles over the expected life of the installation),
or both.
S6.1 Lateral expansion of the Charpy V-notch test in accor-
dance with Section 23 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370 513. Carbon Equivalent
shall be measured and reported. 513.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat
57. Magnetic Particle Examination analysis shall be as shown in Table S2.1:
513.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
57.1 All surfaces of the finished forging shall be examined CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
by a magnetic particle method. This method shall be in 513.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
accordance with Test Method A 275/A 275M. upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
57.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between the
TABLE S2.1 Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value
manufacturer and purchaser.
58. Liquid Penetrant Examination Grade Max.Thickness Less Max . Thickness
Than or Equal to 2 in. Greater Than 2 in.
58.1 All surfaces shall be examined by a liquid-penetrant LF1 0.45 0.46
method in accordance with Practice E 165. LF2 0.47 0.48
58.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between the LF6 CL1 0.45 0.46
LF6 CL2 0.47 0.48
manufacturer and purchaser.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdra wn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

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