Scribd
Upload
14 views

Chapter 12 Motion in A Circle 1

Uploaded by

Ch Nouman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Chapter 12 Motion in A Circle 1

Uploaded by

Ch Nouman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

12 Motion in a circle

12.1 Kinematics of uniform circular motion

• The angular displacement of a body is the change in angle (radians, degree or


revolutions) through which the body rotates around a circle
• Angular displacement is the ratio of:
𝛥𝑠
𝛥𝜃 =
𝑟

• A radian (rad) is defined as the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by


an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle
• Radians is usually written in term of π
• For a rotation for a complete circle (3600), the radians is 2π (𝛥𝜃 = 2πr/r)
• For a rotation for half a circle (1800), the radians is π (𝛥𝜃 = πr/r)
• To convert degrees to radian use

𝜃0
× 𝜋 = 𝜃𝑟𝑎𝑑
1800

• Angular speed (⍵) is defined as the rate of change in angular displacement


with respect to time the unit is measured in rad s-1 (or angle s-1 or rev s-1)

𝛥𝜃 2𝜋
⍵= = = 2𝜋𝑓
𝛥𝑡 𝑇
• The tangential velocity is the velocity measured at any point tangent to a
rotating body
• The SI unit for tangential velocity is ms-1
• The equation is given as
𝑉𝑡 = 𝑟𝜔

• Use rad s-1 for ⍵!


• The further the object is from the centre of the circle (r), the greater the
velocity needed to complete a full circle
• Eg. track running

12.2 Centripetal acceleration

• During a uniform circular motion, an object is continuously changing direction.


• Since velocity is a vector, the change in direction would imply that there is an
acceleration on the object.
• This acceleration is called centripetal acceleration.
• The centripetal acceleration is caused by centripetal force.
• Centripetal force means centre seeking force as it always acts towards the
centre.
• Note that speed is constant even if velocity is changing.
• This is because speed is a scalar.
• Angular speed (⍵) stays constant as well.
Centripetal acceleration (ac) is given by

𝑣𝑡2
𝑎𝑐 =
𝑟
Applying
𝑉𝑡 = 𝑟𝜔

You get

𝑎𝑐 = 𝑟𝜔2

Centripetal force (𝑭𝒄 ) can therefore be calculated using

𝐹𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐

Which will give you

𝑚𝑣𝑡2
𝐹𝑐 =
𝑟
Or

𝐹𝑐 = 𝑚𝑟𝜔2

You might also like