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Usmani Script

The document discusses the three Arabic diacritical marks (harakat) - fatha, kasra, and damma. It explains how each mark is written and the vowel sound it produces. It also discusses the three letters with madd - alif madd, yaa madd, and wao madd, which are used to prolong vowel sounds.

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15 views

Usmani Script

The document discusses the three Arabic diacritical marks (harakat) - fatha, kasra, and damma. It explains how each mark is written and the vowel sound it produces. It also discusses the three letters with madd - alif madd, yaa madd, and wao madd, which are used to prolong vowel sounds.

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rose.petal.xyz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Movements/Harakaat:

There are 3 movements:


1)Fatha : It is a slant line that always comes
above a letter like ‫َب‬. It always produce "aa"
sound by opening the mouth and raising the
voice. It should be spell as Baa Fatha Ba ‫َب‬

2)Kasra : It is a slant line that always comes


below a letter like ‫ِب‬. It always produce "ee"
sound by stretching the lips and dropping the
voice. It should be spell as Baa Kasra Bee ‫ِب‬.

3)Damma/Zawmma : It is like a horizontal six


that always comes above a letter like ‫ُب‬. It
always produce "oo" sound by rounding the
lips. It should be spell as Baa Zawmma Boo ‫ُب‬.

If letter alif carry any movement above it then it


will be called Hamza not alif. Neither prolong
the letter that carry any movement over it nor
read it with a jerk.
Note:
There is no difference in harakaat in both
Usmani and Indo-Pak script. However in Indo-
Pak script, Fatha is also known as Zabar and
Kasra is also known as Zair and Zawmma is also
known as Paish.
Madd Letters: MADD means to extend, to
stretch, to prolong. There are 3 madd letters:

1)Alif Madd : It is a fatha with an empty alif like


‫َبا‬. It produces the same fatha sound i.e. "aa"
but by making it longer till two counts. It should
be spell as Baa Alif Fatha Baaaa ‫َبا‬.
Alif Madd could also be written as a regular
fatha with a little alif besides it and it is actually
known as an alif madd as-sagheira and it should
be spell as Baa Alif Fatha Baaaa also. But in
Indo-Pak script, this alif madd as-sagheira is
called a Fatha Qau-ema/Standing Fatha (Khari
Zabar in Urdu) and would be written as a
standing line above a letter like ‫ ٰب‬and it should
be spell as Baa Fatha Qau-ema Baaaa.

Alif Madd according to both Usmani and


:Indo-Pak Script
Alif Madd As-Sagheira according to Usmani
Script:
Standing Fatha(Alif Madd As-Sagheira)
:according to Indo-Pak Script
2)Yaa Madd : It is a Kasra with an empty Yaa
like ‫ِبي‬. It produces the same kasra sound i.e.
"ee" but by making it longer till two counts. It
should be spell as Baa Yaa Kasra Beeee ‫ِبي‬. But
in Indo-Pak script, Yaa Madd is a kasra with a
yaa saakin (a yaa that carry a sukoon over it).

Yaa Madd could also be written as a regular


kasra with a little yaa besides it and it is actually
known as a yaa madd as-sagheira and it should
be spell as Baa Yaa Kasra Beeee also. But in
Indo-Pak script, this yaa madd as-sagheira is
called a Kasra Qau-ema/Standing Kasra(Khari
Zeir in Urdu) and would be written as a
standing line underneath a letter like ‫ ٖب‬and it
should be spell as Baa Kasra Qau-ema Beeee.

:Yaa Madd according to Usmani Script


:Yaa Madd according to Indo-Pak Script
Yaa Madd As-Sagheira according to
:Usmani Script
Standing Kasra(Yaa Madd As-Sagheira)
:according to Indo-Pak Script
3)Wao Madd : It is a Zawmma with an empty
wao like ‫ُبو‬. It produces the same zawmma
sound i.e. "oo" but by making it longer till two
counts. It should be spell as Baa Wao Zawmma
Boooo ‫ُبو‬. But In Indo-Pak script, Wao Madd is a
wao with a wao saakin (a wao that carry a
sukoon over it)

Wao Madd could also be written as a regular


zawma with a little wao besides it and it is
actually known as a wao madd as-sagheira and
it should be spell as Baa Wao Zawmma Boooo
also. But in Indo-Pak script, this wao madd as-
sagheira is called a Zawmma
Ma'koosa/Inverted Zawmma (Ulta paish in
Urdu) and would be written as a number six
above a letter like ‫ ٗب‬and it should be spell as
Baa Zawmma Ma'koosa Boooo.
Wao Madd according to Usmani Script:
Wao Madd according to Indo-Pak Script:
Wao Madd As-Sagheira according to
Usmani Script:
Inverted Zawma(Wao Madd As-Sagheira)
according to Indo-Pak Script:

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