Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
EXercise-1
Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.
PART -|: SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(im
(V) x’3 f(x) 1 2 3 4
fim
e*
(iv) (im
X-’5
xx () X’1
sinx
(iv) tim
X1
sin- (ln x)
X+1 , X<1
A-4. If f(x) = |2x -3 X>1: evaluate im
X’1 f(x).
X+à , X<1
(ii) Let f(x) = |2x-3 X1.0f (im
X’1
f(x) exist, then find value of 2.
2x , X>1
If f(x) = x²+2
, X> 2
A-5. and g(x) = 3-x , X<1' evaluate im f (g(x)).
|1-x , X<2
A-6. Which of the followings are indeterminate forms. Also state the type.
lim where [.] denotesthe greatest integer function
() X’0 X
(ü) (im
X’
2 +1 - X (ii) lim (tan x)an2x
(V) lim
X’0
eDx- eax
where 0 <a<b (vi) tim xle2xe?)
X X’0
1-cos X
5 5
l1-cos 2x
tim 2 (en(1+ x) -tn2)(3.4*-13x)
(xi) X’0 X (xii)a fim
X’1
[(7+x)' -(1+3x)²]. sin(x - 1)
B-3. Evaluate the following limits.
|x+7|x|+8
B-4. Evaluate the following limits.
fim
X’ (i) im cosx+1)- cosW*)
1
(ii) fim
X’0
(x+)(*+2)(*+3)(x+4)4 - x
B-5. Evaluate the following limits using expansions :
1 1
e*-1- sin x
tan x
fim (x+2)2 -(15x +2)5 (ii)a lim 2
(i) x’2 1 X’0
(7x +2)4 -x
a +bsinx cos x+ ce*
B-6 If Cim
X0 exists, find the values of a, b, c. Also find the limit
eim
n(1+ x"x)
B-8. Find the following limit using expansion : X’0
X lim En X
Sandwitch theorem and
SECTION (C):Limit of form 0°, o, 1-, 4m X
X
sec lim
(ii)a im (1+ enx) 2 (v) X’0
C-3 If im
X’1
4+ax +bx? 1 = e, then find conditions on a, b and c.
is continuous at x = 0.
1- sinx ,X<n/2
3 cosx
D-2. Find the values of'a'&'b' so that the function, f (x) = ,X=T/2 is continuous at
b(1- sinx) ,X>n/2
(r-2x)
X= t/2.
D-3. If f(x)= (x) & g(x)=[x] (where ()& []denotes the fractional part and the integral part functions
respectively), then discuss the continuity of :
) h(x) =f(x). gx) at x= 1 and 2 (ii) h(x) =f(x) + g(x) at x=1
(iii)h(x) =f(x) -g(x) at x = 1 (iv) h(x) =g(x) +/f(x) at x = 1 and 2
f(x) X3
D4. Suppose that f(x)= x°- 3×? - 4x + 12 and h(x) = X3
K ,X =3
then
E-2. If f(x) = x+(- x} + (x].where [.] is the integral part &{.) is the fractional part function. Discuss the
continuity of f in [-2, 2 ]. Also find nature of each discontinuity.
x +1
E-3.. If f(x) =
x?-1 and g(x) = tan x, then discuss the continuity of fog (x).
1+X ,0<x<2
E-4. Let f(x) =3-x .2<x<3: Determine the composite function g(x) =f (f(x))& hence find the point of
discontinuity of g, if any.
3 1
E-5. Find the point of discontinuity of y = f(u), where f(u) = and u =
X+2
2u' + 5u-3
7
E-6. Show that the function f(x) = sin x+3 takes the value
3
within the interval [-2, 2].
4
x>0
F-2. ) Show that the function f(x) =JX" sin is,
X=0
ax?-b if ]x|<1
ifl x | >1 is derivable at x =1. Find the values of a&b.
F-5. If f(x) = 1
|x|
1 for -0<X<0
F-6.a A function f is defined as follows: f(x) = 1+ sinx for 0sx<2 , Discuss the continuity &
2
for
2
F-7, letRbe the set of real numbers and f: R’R be such that for allx &y in R, Jf(x) f(y)| < (x-yl°. Prove
that f(x) is constant.
:0sx<1
G-2. Discuss the continuity &derivability of f(x)=
x.[x] ; 1sxs2
where [x] indicates the greatest integer x.
G-3.
Discuss continuity and differentiability of y= f(x) in (-2, 5] where [.] denotes GIF &() denotes FPF
[x] . Xe-2,0]
{(x} Xe (0,2)
x?
4
Xe[2,3)
f(x) = 1
Xe (3,5)
log,(x -3)
x?
G4.a Check differentiability of f(x) =sgn (x23) + 1+ y2| +|x-18 in [(-2, 2] where [.] denotes GIF.
H-1. Iff :R’ R satisfies f(x + y)=f(x) + f(y), for all x, y eR and f(1) = 2,then f(r) is:
r=1
Let function f(x) satisfying the relation f(x + y)+ f(x -y) =2f(x).f(y), then prove that it is even function
H-5.a
lim (f(x)- Af(*)) and L, =
lim
f(x) where A> 0. If L,, L, both exist
H-6. Let f(x)be a bounded function. L, = X’0
L
and L, = L, then prove that L, =-.
numbers x sSuch that for some positive constant 'a' the
H-7.a Let'f beareal valued function defined for allreal
1
+a)=+/f(x)-(f(x)} holds for all x. Prove that the functionf is periodic.
equation f(x 2
PART - I|: ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
lim sin(3*)
X ’ oc
=0
3X
X-sinx
lim does not exist.
$,: Vx+cos X
(4-1)
B2. im isequal to
sin
(im
X1
/1- cos 2(x -1)
X-1
X
2
B-9. fim
COS X
is equal to (where[.]represents greatest integer function)
1 +X+1
x'sin
X
fim is equal to
x*+X+1
3
(C) not exist if nis even;: if n is odd (D) 1ifnis even;does not exist if n is odd
Limits, Continuity Derivability
Sn + 3n 22n
B4 (im
5" + 2n
eN is equal to
2
fim e - COSX
B16. X’0
x°sinx
is equal to
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 12
4
sin(6x²)
817.;x’0
lim
(n cos (2x-x)
is equal to
(C) 6 (D) -6
(A) 12 (B) - 12
X
lim en x
SECTION (C):Limit of form 0°, o, 1,Cim e X
Sandwitch theorem and
Miscellaneous problems on limits.
x+2)**1
tim is equal to
X’0 X-2
im (-tan V):
x’0*
is equal to
(A) es (B)e? (C) e (D) none of these
nx)
The value of lim (1+[x]) is equal to (where [.J denotes the greatest integer function)
(B) 1 (C) e (D) e-1
(A) 0
fim
x²-2x+1
is equal to
x²-4x+ 2)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) e? (D) e
1
tan
2a
e6.a fim isequal to
a 26 2
(A) e n (B) (C) e (D) 1
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C-7.a If[x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x, then
(im (rrx+(2°x] +... (n°x])is equal to
X
X X X
(D) 4
(A)2 (B) 3
(C) 6
E-2. Let f(x) = when -2<x< 2. where [.] represents greatest integer function. Then
1 1
E4. If y = t² +t-2 where t = X-1' then the number of points of discontinuities of y = f(x), x e R is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) infinite
E-5. The equation 2tan x + 5xX-2 =0 has
(A) no solution in [0, /4] (B) at least one real solution in [0, n/4]
(C) two real solution in[0, /4] (D) None of these
0<xs2
x²+1
2<xs3
F-7. If f (x) = }*-*) ,then,
f (x) =
max
(Va-.x? -2sx S0
, then f(x):
min , 0<xs2
maxf(t), 0stsx,0sxs1
G-5. Let f(x) =x-x²and g(x) = then in the interval [0, o)
sin X ,X>1
(A) g(x)is everywhere continuous except at two points
(B) g(x) is everywhere differentiable except at two points
(C) g(x) is everywhere differentiable except at x =1
(D) none of these
S,: The set of allpoints, where the function x|x is differentiable is (-0, 0) (0, o)
S,: Number of points where f(x)= sin (sinx) is non-differentiable in the interval (0, 3r) is 3.
State, in order, whether S,, S,, S,, S, are true or false
(A) TTTF (B)TTTT (C)FTTF (D) TFTT
G-7. Consider the following statements:
sin(r [x- ])
S,: Let f(x) = 1+ [x]² where [.] stands for the greatest integer function. Then f(x) is
discontinuous at x=n + n, n el
S,: The function f(x) =p[x + 1] +q(x -1]. (where [-] denotes the greatest integer function) is
continuOus at x= 1if p t q=0
Let f(x) =|[x] x|for-1 sxs2,where [.] is greatest integer function, then fis not differentiable
at x = 2.
S,: If f(x) takes only rationalvalues for allreal xand is continuous, then f(10) =10.
State, in order, whether S,, S,, S,, S, are true or false
(A) FTTT (B) TTTF (C) FTTF (D) FFTF
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Section (H) : Functional Equations and Miscellaneous
H-1. lim f(2h+2+h')-f(2)
Given that f(2) = 6 and f(1) = 4. then h»0
f(h-h +1)-f()
(A)does not exist (B)is equal to -3/2 (C)is equal to 3/2 (D) is equal to 3
10
H-2. If f(x + y) = f(x). f(y), Vx &ye Nand f(1) =2, then the value of f(n) is
n=1
(A) 2036 (B) 2046 (C) 2056 (D)2066
H-3. If f(1) = 1and f(n + 1)= 2f(n) + 1 ifn>1, then f(n) is equal to
(A) 2n + 1 (B) 2" (C) 2n1 (D) 2n-11
1
H-4.a Ify= f(x) satisfies the condition f(x + =x2+ (x0), then f(x) is equalto
(A) - x2 +2 (B) x² -2
(C) x² -2, x eR-{o} (D) x²-2, |x| e [2, o)
H-5. Afunction f:R’ R satisfies the condition x2 f(x) + f(1 - x) = 2x - x*. Then f(x) is:
(A) -x?1 (B) x² + 1 (C) x2-1 (D) -x+1
H-6.f f: R’ R be a differentiable function, such that f(x + 2y) = f(x) + f(2y) + 4xy x, y e R. then
(A) f(1) = f(0) + 1 (B) f(1)= f(0)-1 (C) f(0) = f(1) + 2 (D) f(0) = f(1)-2
(A) f(x) =
tan[e?]x?-tan[-e²]x? V2
sin x (P) 8
where [.]represents greatest integer function.
(B) (%)=|(ming? +4t+ X
(a) 15
(C) f (x) =
1+x2 -41-2x
X+x2 () 1
J2-/1+ cOS X 1
(D) f(x)= sin X (s) 2
2
a,x" +a,xn* +....+a,x"+*
Let o (x) = where a, #0, b, 0and m, neN, then (x) is equal to
box +b,x* +...+b,x^t X’0
Column -I Column-II
(A) m > n (p)
(B) m =n (q)
(C) If R(x) =[2 tan x/2), x e -55 then R(x) (r) is non differentiable at some points
(D) If S(*) =|3cosec *then S9) (s) is continuous at infinitely many valuee
Column -I Column-I|
(A) f(x) = |x| is (p) continuous in (-1, 1)
(D) f(x)= cos |x| is (s) not differentiable atleast at one point in
Exercise-2
a Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.
PART -|: ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. (im
X’0
sec-1 is equal to
Cim
2. (a< 0), where (x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is equalto
(A) a² +1 (B) a? -1 (C) a? (D)- a?
X X
3. fim coscosc08cos 2* .cos 2n is equal to
sinx X
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) (D)
X sin x
lim
nsin ntan0
+
4.a 0’0 , where [.] represents greatest integer function andn e N, is equal to
(A)2n (B) 2n + 1 (C) 2n-1 (D) does not exist
lim is equal to
5. X ’ 0
V9x +X+1
1 1
(A) a(a -B) (B) n la (a- B)| (C) e(a-B) (D) ealu-BI
1 1
7. lim
X’0 ,ne N, is equal to
8.a Cimim
y’0 X->0
is equal to
2x -Cot~1X
9.a The graph of the function f(x) = lim 0 is
T
J2
y=x
(A) X (B) (C) (D)
10. Let [x] denote the integral part of x e R and g(x) = x- [x]. Let f(x) be any continuous function with
f(0) = f(1), then the function h(x) = f(g(x)):
(B) is continuous on R
(A) has finitely many discontinuities
(C) is discontinuous at some x = c (D) is a constant function.
(A) is continuous at x = 1
exists
(B) is discontinuous at x = 1 since f(1) does not exist though f(1-) exists
though f(1)
(C) is discontinuous at x =1 since f(1)does not exist
exists.
(D) is discontinuous since neither f(1 -) nor f(1*)
x if x is irrational
then:
12. Let f(x) = if x is rational
, X> 0
19. Let f(x) = (n + psin x], x e (0, ), n e Z, p is a prime number and [x] is greatest integer less than or
equal to x. The number of points at which f(x) is not differentiable is
(A)p (B) p-1 (C) 2p + 1 (D) 2p 1
1
20. Let f. R’R be any function and g (x) = Then g is
f(x)
(A)onto iff is onto (B) one-one if f is one-one
(C) continuous if f is continuous (D)differentiable iff is differentiable
23. If adifferentiable function f satisfies f 4-2(f(x) +f(y)) x,ye R, then f() is equal to
3
1 8 4
(A)7 (B) (C) 7 (D) 7
X1 | X+1, X>0
| x-1, and h(x) = (x|.
5. If f(x) = |2x-2, x<1 " g(x) = -x'+1, x<0
then im
X’0
f(g(h(x) is equal to
equal to
1 1
7. fim t............,+ is equal to
n-’0
Vn? n? +1 Vn? 2 Vn? +2n
if x<0
Cim eim
12. Let f(x) = Cim 1 Then X’0
5f(x) + X’0* 7f(x) equals (where [.] represents greatest
if x0
n1+ xn
integer function)
e -n X + e 2 cos
nx
- kx?
2
13. X ’0 exists and finite (n, ke N), then the least value of 4k+n =2 is :
(sinx - tanx)
14.a If lim 1'n+2 (n-1) +3 (n-2) +..+n.1_a where a and b are coprime numbers then 2a +3b=
1+2 + 3 +... +n' b
If Eim n8 1
15.
no n -(n-1) 99 ,then the value of x equals
forx>1
16. The number of points of discontinuity of t(X) = |cosxl forxs1
(where (x] is the greatest integer not greater than x) in [0, 2] is
1- sinx en (sinx)
18. Let f(x) =. , X* The value of f so that the function is continuous
(7-2x)² in (1+ n² -4nX +4x') ' 2
at x = /2 is and ||a =1where a,BeN then find product of all possible values of B
(sinx + cos x)Cosecx V <)X<(0
2
X=0
19. If the function f(x)defined as f(x) =
1 2 3
eX +eX +ex Tt
0<x<
1 2
-2+ x + be X
ae
20. The number of points of non differentiability of the function f (x) =|sin x +sin (x| in [-47, 4n] is
{e}" -1
23. Find number of points of non-differentiability of f(x) = lim {e*}" +1 in interval [0, 1]where {.} represents
27. Find the natural number 'a' for which f(a+k) =2048(2n -1), where the function 'f satisfies the relation
k=1
further f(1) =2
f(x + y) = f(x). f(y) for all natural numbers x &yand
1
lim e-(1+x);
The value of where [.] denotes GIF is
28.a X’0 tan x
PART - | | :ONE OR MORE THAN ONEOPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
x-9x + 20 then
1. Let f(x) =
x-[x] (where [x]denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x),
Cim f(x) = 1
(A) X’5
im f(x) =0 (B) X’5*
cos 2-cOs 2x
2. If f(x) = then
x?-|x|
lim f(x) = 2 sin 2
(A) im
X’-1 f(x) = 2
sin 2 (B)
4.
|x+ z|
Let f(x) = sinx then
0<x<1
5. Let f(x) = a Eim f(x)exists, then value of a is:
, if X’1
ax, 1sx<2
7. fim
X’0 , where (] represents greatest integer function, is equal to
(D)does not exist
(A)-1 (B) 1 (C) loga.V2 -1)
Road Kota (RaiL324005
8. Given a real valued function f such that
tan(x] X>0
(x? -(x]?)
f(x) = 1 X =0
9. If f(x) = ,then
3x-6
1 1
(A) Cim f(x) = (8) im f(x) =
X’0 (C) lim f(x) = (D)im f(x) =
3 X’-on X’
3 3
Cim
(ax + 1)"
11. is equal to
X’0
x +A
(A) ar ifneN (B) o if ne Z&a= A= 0
(C) 1+A
if n = 0 (D)a" if n e Z, A=0 &a0
lim
12. If e= lim (sin Vx+1 - sin x ) and m = X ’- 0 [sin /x+1 - sin x], where [] denotes the greatest
integer function, then:
(A) e= 0 (B)m = 0
(C) m is undefined (D) is undefined
16. If Cim
(1+ax +bx° = e,then possible values of aand b islare:
1 3 3 3
(A)a = 3, b = 0 (B) a = 2b (C) a = b= (D) a= ,b=0
2 2
Cim x
18. =0, n einteger number, is true for
og(x+2)-xnsinx
19.a If f (x) =Limit x41 (ne N), then
(A) lim
x f(x) =-sin1 lim f(x) = log3
(B) x1
log3 - sin1
(C) lim
*>1 f(x)=sint (D) f(1) = 2
20.a Which of the following function(s) defined below has/have sinigle point continuity.
[1 if x eQ X if x eQ
(A) )= |0 if x eQ
(B) g(x) =
|1-x if xQ
x if x EQ X if xeQ
(C) h(x)= |0 if x eQ (D) K(%) = -X if x Q
|x-3| X1
1
22. Iff(x) = ,x-1, then on the interval [0, r]
1
are both continuous (B) tan (f(x)) and f(x) are both discontinuous
(A) tan (f(x)) and f(x)
(C) tan (f(x)) and f (x) are both continuous (D) tan (f(x)) is continuous but is not.
f(x)
Jhalawar Road Kota (Rai)-324005
23. Let f(x)and g(x) be defined by f(x) = (x] and g(x) = [0, Xel (where [.Jdenotes the greatest
lx, xeR-I
integer function), then
(A) lim
X’1 g(x) exists, but g is not continuous at x = 1
(B) X’1
mf(x) does not exist and f is not continuous at x =1
(C) gof is continuous for all x
(D) fog is continuous for all x
24. Let f(x) = (x] + Vx-x],where[.] denotes the greatest integer function. Then
(A)f(x) is continuous on R* (B) f(x) is continuous on R
(C) f(x) is continuous on R-I (D)discontinuous at x = 1
25. The points at which the function, f(x)=x-0.5| +X- 1| +tan xdoes not have a derivative in the
interval (0,2) are:
(A) 1 (B) /2 (C) l4 (D) 1/2
26. f(x) = (sin'x). cos (1/x) if x 0; f(0) = 0, f(x) is:
(A) continuous no where in -1<x s1 (B) continuous everywhere in -1sx<1
(C) differentiable no where in -1<x<1 (D) differentiable everywherein -1<x<1
n
27. If f(x) = a,+ax |X, where a,'s are real constants, then f(x) is
k=1
(A)continuous at x = 0for all a, (B)differentiable at x = 0 for all a, eR
(C)differentiable at x =0for all a, =0 (D) none of these
28.a Letf:R’R be a function such that f(0) = 1 and for any x, y e R, f(xy + 1) =f(x) f(y)-f(y)-x + 2. Then f
is
(A) one-one (B)onto (C) many one (D) into
29. Suppose that f is a differentiable function with the property that f(x +t y) =f(x) +f(y) + xy and
lim 1
h0 h f(h) = 3, where [.] represents greatest integer function, then
(A)f is a linear function (B)2(1) =|im(1+2x)"*
(C) f(x) = 3x +
x
2 (D) f (1) =4
Comprehension #3
If both X
Lim
c
f(x) and Xc*
Lim f(x) exist finitely and are equal,then the function f is said to have removable
discontinuity at x=c
If both the limits i.e. Lim f(x) and Lim
X-’C X-c* f(x)exist finitely and are not equal, then the function f is said
to have non-removable discontinuity at x=c and in this case |m f(x)- f(«)|is called jump of
the discontinuity.
7. Which of the following function has non-removable discontinuity at the origin ?
1 |sinx |
(A)f(x) = en| x| (B) f(x) =x sin (c) f(x) = 1+2c0tx (D)f(x) =cos
X
8 Which of the following function not defined at x =0 has removable discontinuity at the origin ?
1 ex-1 1
(A) f(x) =1+2B
- (B)f(x) = tan (C) f(x) = (D)f(x) = en|x|
X ex +1
tan'(tanx); x<
9. If f(x)= then jump of discontinuity is
n[X]+1 X>
4
Comprehension #4
xg(x)
Let f(x) = |X+ ax-x3 X»0:Where g(t)= X’0
lim (1t atan x)", a is positive constant, then
10. If aiseven prime number, then g(2) =
(A) e? (B) e (C) e (D) none of these
11. Set of allvalues of a for which function f(x) is continuous at x=0
(A)(-1, 10) (B) ( , o) (C) (0, o) (D) none of these
12. If f(x)isdifferentiable at x = 0, then a e
(A) (-5,-1) (B) (-10, 3) (C) (0, o) (D) none of these
Comprehension #5
X<-3 x<-2
2+ X -2<xS-1
2+x -3<xs -1
- X -1<xs0
-X -1<x<0 (B)g(x) =
(A) g(x) = X 0<x<1 X 0<xs1
0 X<0
2+X 0<x<1
-X 1<x<2
(C) g(x) = (D) none of these
X 2<x<3
2-X 3<x<4
4<X
Exercise-3
Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.
(ü) 3
25
Section (F)
1
B-6 a= 2, b= 1, c=-1 and limit - F-1. not differentiable at x = 0
3
F4. continuous at both points but differentiable only
B-7. (i) a = b= 1 at x = 2