X.

25/HDLC
Configuration Guide
DC 900-1345H

Protogate, Inc.
12225 World Trade Drive, Suite R
San Diego, CA 92128
October 2004
Protogate, Inc.
12225 World Trade Drive, Suite R
San Diego, CA 92128
(858) 451-0865

X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

© 2000-2004 Protogate, Inc. All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America

This document can change without notice. Protogate, Inc. accepts no liability for any errors this
document might contain.

Freeway® is a registered trademark of Protogate, Inc.

All other trademarks and trade names are the properties of their respective holders.
 Contents

List of Figures 13

List of Tables 15

Preface 17

1 Introduction 25
1.1 Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.1.1 Freeway Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.1.2 Embedded ICP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.2 Freeway Client-Server Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.2.1 Establishing Freeway Server Internet Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.3 Embedded ICP Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.4 Client Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.4.1 Defining the DLI and TSI Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.4.2 Opening a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.4.3 Exchanging Data with the Remote Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.4.4 Closing a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.5 Overview of X.25/HDLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.5.1 X.25 Protocol Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.5.2 Multilink Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.5.3 DTE and DCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.5.4 Freeway Configuration and Startup Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.5.5 Monitoring X.25/HDLC Data Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2 Testing the X.25/HDLC Software 39

2.1 Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

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2.2 Software Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2.3 Running the X.25 Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.4 Running the HDLC Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3 X.25 Configuration Options 49

3.1 Software Version Data (HVERSION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2 Buffer and Station Resource Limits (HBUFI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2.1 Segmentation Buffer Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2.2 Communication Buffer Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.3 Virtual Circuit Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3 ICP Buffer Clearing (HBUFCLEAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4 Data Links (HCONFIG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.4.1 Bit Encoding Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.4.2 Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.4.3 Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4.3.1 Custom Data Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4.3.2 Standard Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.4.4 Custom Frame Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.4.5 DTE/DCE Role Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.4.6 EIA Electrical Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.4.7 Frame Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.4.8 Frame Transmit Window Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.4.9 N1 Maximum Frame Data Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.4.10 N2 Retry Limit (for T1 Timer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.4.11 T1 CCITT/ISO Retry Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.4.12 T2 CCITT/ISO Acknowledgment Delay Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.4.13 T3 ISO Idle Link Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.4.14 T4 ISO Link Integrity (Keep Alive) Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.4.15 X.21/V.11 Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.5 MLP — Multilink Procedures (HCONMLP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.5.1 MT1 Lost Frame Timer Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.5.2 MT2 Group Busy Timer Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.5.3 MT3 Reset Confirmation Timer Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.5.4 MW Multilink Window Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.5.5 MX Window Guard Region Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.5.6 MLP Data Links. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

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3.6 X.25 Call Service Configuration (HCSCON). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

3.6.1 Calling DTE Address (HF_CLLNG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.6.2 Fast Select (HF_FASCN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.6.3 Reverse Charge (HF_RVCN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.6.4 Incoming Calls (HF_INCM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.6.5 T2X Timers (HF_T2XCN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.6.6 R2X Retry Limits (HF_R2XCN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.6.7 TL1 Link Activation Timer (HF_TLX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.6.8 LCN Bounds — Logical Channel Types Ranges (HF_LCN) . . . . . . . . . 72
3.6.9 Certification Mode (HF_CERT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.6.10 Flow Control Negotiation (HF_FLOW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.6.11 Modem Control Signal Monitoring (HF_CLM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.6.12 Modem Control Signal Debounce Time (HF_CLTMR) . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.6.13 X.25 Restarts (HF_RESTART) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.6.14 REJ — Packet Retransmission Support (HF_REJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.6.15 Extended Packet Sequence Numbering (HF_MOD128) . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.6.16 X.25 Operation Profile (HF_X25_PROFILE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.6.16.1 Unrestricted X.25 Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.6.16.2 CCITT X.25 1980 Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.6.16.3 CCITT X.25 1984 Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.6.16.4 ISO 8208 X.25 Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.6.16.5 CCITT X.25 1988 Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.6.17 Local DTE Address Length (HF_ADDR_LEN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.6.18 Configure DTE Address Format (HF_TOANPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.7 X.25 Station Resources (HCONFIG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.7.1 X.25 Virtual Circuits — PVCs and SVCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.7.2 Configured Station Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.7.3 Dynamic Station Resources for SVCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

4 On-line Facilities Registration (HREGRQ and IREGCON) 87

4.1 Facilities Negotiable in State p1 (HF_NEGP1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.1.1 Extended Packet Sequence Numbering Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.1.2 REJ — Packet Retransmission Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.1.3 Delivery Bit (D-bit) Modification Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.2 Facilities Negotiable in any State (HF_NEGANY). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.2.1 Incoming Calls Barred Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

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4.2.2 Outgoing Calls Barred Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4.2.3 Fast Select Acceptance Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.2.4 Reverse Charging Acceptance Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.2.5 Flow Control Negotiation Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.2.6 Default Throughput Class Negotiation Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.2.7 Charging Information Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.3 Availability of Facilities (HF_AVAIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.3.1 Extended Packet Sequence Numbering Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.3.2 REJ — Packet Retransmission Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.3.3 D-bit Modification Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.3.4 Called Line Address Modified Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.5 Charging Information (per interface) Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.6 Charging Information (per call) Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.7 Reverse Charging Acceptance Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.8 Reverse Charging Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.9 Default Throughput Classes Registration Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.10 Non-standard Default Packet Window Sizes Registration . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.11 Non-standard Default Packet Data Sizes Registration . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.3.12 Logical Channel Types Ranges Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.3.13 RPOA Selection (per call) Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.4 Non-negotiable Facilities (HF_NON_NEG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.5 Default Throughput Classes Assignment (HF_DFTHRU) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.6 Non-standard Default Packet Data Sizes (HF_NSPACK) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.7 Non-standard Default Packet Window Sizes (HF_NSWIN) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.8 Logical Channel Types Ranges (HF_LOGCHAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

5 Call Service Configuration vs. On-line Facilities Registration 97

6 Freeway Operation Management 101

6.1 Data Link Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6.2 Modem Control Signal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.3 X.25 Diagnostic Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.4 Statistics Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

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7 OSI Network Service Support 107

8 X.25 Certification 109

8.1 DCE Emulator Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
8.1.1 Buffer Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.1.2 Data Link Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.1.3 Multilink Procedures Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.1.4 Call Service Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.2 Client Software Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

9 X.25 MANAGER Configuration Utility 115

9.1 DOWNLOAD — Download X.25/HDLC Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
9.2 FILE — Execute Configuration Command File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
9.3 SAPX25 — X.25 Service Access Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
9.3.1 VERSION — Report Software Version Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
9.3.2 BUFFERS — Configure Buffer and Station Resource Limits . . . . . . . . 127
9.3.2.1 BIG — Segmentation Buffer Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.3.2.2 CIRCUITS — Maximum Number of Virtual Circuits . . . . . . . . . 128
9.3.2.3 SMALL — Communication Buffer Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.3.3 SLP — Configure SLP Data Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.3.3.1 CLOCK — Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
9.3.3.2 CUSTOMADDRESS — HDLC Custom Addressing Mode . . . . . . 130
9.3.3.3 DXE — HDLC Addressing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.3.3.4 EIA — Electrical Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.3.3.5 GAP — Interframe Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.3.3.6 LINKS — Data Link IDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.3.3.7 MODULUS — SLP Frame Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.3.3.8 N2 — Retry Limit (for T1 Timer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.3.3.9 RATE — Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3.3.10 RAW_HDLC — Raw HDLC Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3.3.11 SIZE — Frame Data Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3.3.12 SREJ — Selective Reject Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3.3.13 T1 — CCITT/ISO Retry Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3.3.14 T2 — CCITT/ISO Acknowledgment Delay Timer . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3.3.15 T3 — ISO Idle Link Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3.3.16 T4 — ISO Link Integrity (Keep Alive) Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

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9.3.3.17 WINDOW — Frame Transmit Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

9.3.4 MLP — Configure Multilink Procedures Over Data Link(s) (HCONMLP) 132
9.3.4.1 MT1 — Lost Frame Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.3.4.2 MT2 — Group Busy Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.3.4.3 MT3 — Reset Confirmation Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.3.4.4 MW — Multilink Window Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.3.4.5 MX — Receive Window Guard Region Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.3.5 CALLSERVICE — Configure X.25 Call Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
9.3.5.1 DTECALLING — Calling DTE Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
9.3.5.2 FASTSELECT — Fast Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
9.3.5.3 FLOWNEGOTIATION — Flow Control Negotiation . . . . . . . . 135
9.3.5.4 INCOMINGCALLS — Incoming Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
9.3.5.5 LCNBOUNDS — Logical Channel Types Ranges . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.6 MODULUS — Packet Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.7 R20 — Retry Limit for T20 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.8 R22 — Retry Limit for T22 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.9 R23 — Retry Limit for T23 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.10 R25 — Retry Limit for T25 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.11 R27 — Retry Limit for T27 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.12 R28 — Retry Limit for T28 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9.3.5.13 REJ — DTE REJ Packet Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.14 RESTARTS — Restart on SLP/MLP Initialization . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.15 REVERSE — Reverse Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.16 T20 — CCITT/ISO Restart Request Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.17 T21 — CCITT/ISO Call Request Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.18 T22 — CCITT/ISO Reset Request Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.19 T23 — CCITT/ISO Clear Request Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.20 T24 — ISO Window Status Transmission Timer . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.3.5.21 T25 — ISO Window Rotation Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9.3.5.22 T26 — ISO Interrupt Response Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9.3.5.23 T27 — ISO Reject Response Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9.3.5.24 T28 — CCITT/ISO Registration Request Timer . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9.3.5.25 TL1 — Link Activation Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9.3.5.26 X25PROFILE — X.25 Operation Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9.3.5.27 DTEADDRESSLENGTH — Local DTE Address Length . . . . . . 138
9.3.5.28 CERTMODE — Certification Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

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9.3.5.29 TOANPIDTEADDRESSFORMAT — DTE Address Format . . . . . 139

9.3.6 PVC — Configure X.25 PVC Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
9.3.6.1 STATION — Station Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.3.6.2 WINDOW — Packet Window Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.3.6.3 LCN — PVC Logical Channel Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.3.7 SVC — Configure X.25 SVC Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.3.7.1 STATION — Station Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
9.3.7.2 WINDOW — Packet Window Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
9.3.7.3 LCGN — SVC Logical Channel Group Number . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
9.3.8 REQUEST — Request Link Control Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
9.3.8.1 ENABLE — Enable SLP Data Link(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9.3.8.2 DISABLE — Disable SLP Data Link(s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9.3.8.3 SAMPLESTATISTICS — Sample SLP Data Link(s) Statistics . . . . 142
9.3.8.4 READSTATISTICS — Read/Clear SLP Data Link(s) Statistics . . . . 142
9.3.8.5 CLEARSTATISTICS — Clear SLP Data Link(s) Statistics . . . . . . 143
9.3.8.6 LSAMPLESTATISTICS — Sample 32-bit SLP Data Link(s) Statistics
143
9.3.8.7 LREADSTATISTICS — Read/Clear 32-bit SLP Data Link(s) Statistics
143
9.4 SAPMLP — Multilink Procedure Service Access Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
9.5 SAPSLP — HDLC LAPB Service Access Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
9.6 MONITOR — X.25 HDLC Data Link Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9.6.1 LINKS — Select Monitored Data Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9.6.2 BRIEF — Select Brief Monitoring Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9.6.3 FULL — Select Full Monitoring Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9.6.4 EXCEPTIONS — Select Exception Event Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . 150

10 Freeway X.25 Call Service Application Program Interface 151

10.1 MANAGER Application CS API Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
10.2 Freeway Command or Response Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
10.3 MANAGER Application Packets Sent to Freeway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
10.3.1 HSTATS_32BIT_SAMPLE (15) — Sample Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . 156
10.3.2 HENABLE (23) — Host Enable Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
10.3.3 HDISABLE (25) — Host Disable Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
10.3.4 HCONFIG (27) — Configure Link or Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
10.3.4.1 Configure Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

DC 900-1345H 9
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

10.3.4.2 Configure Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

10.3.5 HSTATS (33) — Read and Clear Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
10.3.6 HBUFI (37) — Configure Buffer and Station Resource Limits . . . . . . 163
10.3.7 HCSCON (43) — Configure Call Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
10.3.8 HCONMLP (45) — Configure Multilink Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 170
10.3.9 HSTATS_32BIT (51) — Read and Clear Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10.3.10 HMONITOR (53) — Set Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10.3.11 HVERSION (55) — Request Software Version Data . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
10.3.12 HSTATS_CLEAR (57) — Clear Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
10.3.13 HSTATS_SAMPLE (59) — Sample Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.3.14 HCLSTATE (69) — Read Modem Control Line State . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.3.15 HREGRQ (71) — Facilities Registration Request. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
10.3.16 HTEST (77) — TEST Command Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
10.3.17 HBUFCLEAR (81) — Enable Buffer Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.4 Freeway Packets Received by the MANAGER Application. . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.4.1 ISTATS_32BIT (16) — Statistics Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.4.2 IENABLE (24) — Link Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
10.4.3 IDISABLE (26) — Link Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
10.4.4 ISTATS (34) — Statistics Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
10.4.5 IBUFIC (38) — Buffer Configuration Confirmation. . . . . . . . . . . . 182
10.4.6 ITIMOUT (48) — Link Activation Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
10.4.7 IDIAG (50) — X.25 Network Diagnostic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
10.4.8 IMONITOR (54) — Monitoring Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
10.4.9 IVERSION (56) — Freeway Software Version Information . . . . . . . . 186
10.4.10 IACKNOWLEDGE (62) — Command Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.4.11 ICLSTATE (70) — Modem Control Line State Data. . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.4.12 IREGCON (72) — X.25 Facilities Registration Confirmation . . . . . . . 188
10.4.13 ITEST (78) — TEST Response Frame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

11 Non-standard HDLC Options 191

11.1 OPTION_RAW — Raw HDLC Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
11.1.1 OPTION_RAW Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
11.1.2 OPTION_RAW Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
11.2 OPTION_SREJ — SREJ Selective Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
11.2.1 OPTION_SREJ Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
11.2.2 OPTION_SREJ Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

10 DC 900-1345H
 Contents

11.3 OPTION_UI — UI Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

11.3.1 OPTION_UI Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
11.3.2 OPTION_UI Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
11.4 OPTION_TEST — TEST Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
11.4.1 OPTION_TEST Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
11.4.2 OPTION_TEST Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

12 Physical Level Considerations 195

12.1 X.21/V.11 Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
12.2 X.21 bis Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Glossary 199

Index 203

DC 900-1345H 11
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

12 DC 900-1345H
 List of Figures

Figure 1–1: Freeway Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 1–2: Embedded ICP Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 1–3: A Typical Freeway Server Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 1–4: Freeway X.25 and HDLC Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Figure 2–1: Help Feature of x25_manager Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 2–2: Help Feature of x25_svc Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figure 2–3: Sample x25_svc Test Program Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 2–4: Help Feature of hdlc_user Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Figure 2–5: Sample hdlc_user Test Program Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Figure 3–1: X.25 Modulo 8 Information Frame (I-frame) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Figure 9–1: Help Feature of x25_manager Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Figure 9–2: SVC.SETUP File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Figure 9–3: Output from file(SVC.SETUP) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Figure 9–4: HDLC.SETUP File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Figure 9–5: Sample MONITOR Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Figure 10–1: X.25 Startup Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Figure 10–2: HDLC Configuration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

DC 900-1345H 13
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

14 DC 900-1345H
 List of Tables

Table 2–1: Files Installed for Testing the X.25/HDLC Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Table 3–1: CCITT X.121 DTE Address Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 4–1: Function Codes for Facilities Registration Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 4–2: Order of Facilities in Confirmation Packet (IREGCON) . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 5–1: Network Not Supporting Facilities Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Table 5–2: Network Supporting Facilities Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Table 9–1: X.25 Configuration and Startup Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Table 10–1: X.25 MANAGER Application Configuration and Startup . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 10–2: Nominal Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Table 10–3: Function Codes for Configure Call Service Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Table 10–4: Function Codes for Facilities Registration Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Table 12–1: Typical X.21/V.11 Circuits used by Freeway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Table 12–2: Freeway X.21/V.11 Interface State-Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Table 12–3: Typical X.21 bis Circuits used by Freeway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Table 12–4: Terminology and EIA Symbols for X.21 bis Modem-Control Circuits . . . . 198
Table 12–5: Freeway X.21 bis Interface State-Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

DC 900-1345H 15
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

16 DC 900-1345H
 Preface

Purpose of Document
This document contains information necessary for the configuration and management
of the X.25 and HDLC protocol services on Protogate’s Freeway communications
server or embedded intelligent communications processor (ICP). The document
describes software installation and verification, configuration options, the x25_manager
configuration utility program, and the low-level interface accessible to a client program
with MANAGER privileges.

Note
In this document, the term “Freeway” can mean either a Freeway
server or an embedded ICP. For the embedded ICP, also refer to
the user’s guide for your ICP and operating system (for example,
the ICP2432 User’s Guide for Windows NT).

Intended Audience
This document should be read by the Systems Administrator responsible for the instal-
lation, configuration and maintenance of Freeway. No programming experience is nec-
essary to use the x25_manager utility for configuring X.25 and HDLC (LAPB) protocol
services on Freeway.

However, familiarity with the C programming language is essential if the user intends
to write an application that uses MANAGER privileges to configure Freeway under pro-
gram control and/or engage in on-line X.25 facilities negotiation with the network Data

DC 900-1345H 17
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE). In this case, experience in applying state

machine (finite-state automata) concepts to program design may also be helpful.

Required Equipment
Protogate’s X.25/HDLC protocol service is available on Freeway.

Protogate’s Call Service Application Program Interface (CS API) is provided as a sub-
routine library that must be installed on each client computer. Refer to the Freeway
Server User’s Guide.

The CS API supports access to X.25/HDLC protocol services on Freeway. Refer to the
X.25 Call Service API Guide.

Organization of Document
Chapter 1 gives an overview of Protogate’s Freeway product, a summary of the X.25
protocol, and the sequence of steps normally used to configure and enable the Freeway
data links.

Chapter 2 describes how to install the X.25/HDLC software in both the UNIX and VMS
environments.

Chapter 3 discusses the Freeway X.25 configuration options.

Chapter 4 describes optional on-line facilities registration procedures for X.25 net-
works.

Chapter 5 compares call service configuration and on-line facilities registration proce-
dures and describes potential conflicts.

Chapter 6 describes how to manage basic Freeway operations to support USER applica-
tions.

18 DC 900-1345H
 Preface

Chapter 7 describes Protogate’s X.25 OSI network service support.

Chapter 8 discusses X.25 certification.

Chapter 9 describes how to use the x25_manager utility program to configure Freeway
interactively.

Chapter 10 describes MANAGER application program access to Freeway through Pro-

togate’s Call Service Application Program Interface (CS API).

Chapter 11 describes the non-standard HDLC configuration options.

Chapter 12 discusses the X.25 physical level considerations.

The Glossary contains acronyms and terms used in this document.

The Index provides a comprehensive cross reference between Freeway configuration

information in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, and the configuration procedures described in
Chapter 9 and Chapter 10. To locate the cross references, refer to the index entry “Cross
reference.”

Protogate References

The following documents provide useful supporting information, depending on the

customer’s particular hardware and software environments. Most documents are available
on-line at Protogate’s web site, www.protogate.com.

General Product Overviews

• Freeway 1100 Technical Overview 25-000-0419
• Freeway 2000/4000/8800 Technical Overview 25-000-0374
• ICP2432 Technical Overview 25-000-0420
• ICP6000X Technical Overview 25-000-0522

DC 900-1345H 19
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Hardware Support
• Freeway 1100/1150 Hardware Installation Guide DC 900-1370
• Freeway 2000/4000 Hardware Installation Guide DC 900-1331
• Freeway 8800 Hardware Installation Guide DC 900-1553
• Freeway 2000/4000 Hardware Maintenance Guide DC 900-1332
• Freeway ICP6000R/ICP6000X Hardware Description DC 900-1020
• ICP6000(X)/ICP9000(X) Hardware Description and Theory of DC 900-0408
Operation
• ICP2424 Hardware Description and Theory of Operation DC 900-1328
• ICP2432 Hardware Description and Theory of Operation DC 900-1501
• ICP2432 Hardware Installation Guide DC 900-1502

Freeway Software Installation Support

• Freeway Server User’s Guide DC 900-1333
• Freeway Software Release Addendum: Client Platforms DC 900-1555
• Getting Started with Freeway 1100/1150 DC 900-1369
• Getting Started with Freeway 2000/4000 DC 900-1330
• Getting Started with Freeway 8800 DC 900-1552
• Loopback Test Procedures DC 900-1533

Embedded ICP Installation and Programming Support

• ICP2432 User’s Guide for Digital UNIX DC 900-1513
• ICP2432 User’s Guide for OpenVMS Alpha DC 900-1511
• ICP2432 User’s Guide for OpenVMS Alpha (DLITE Interface) DC 900-1516
• ICP2432 User’s Guide for Windows NT DC 900-1510
• ICP2432 User’s Guide for Windows NT (DLITE Interface) DC 900-1514

Application Program Interface (API) Programming Support

• Freeway Data Link Interface Reference Guide DC 900-1385
• Freeway QIO/SQIO API Reference Guide DC 900-1355
• Freeway Server-Resident Application Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1325
• Freeway Transport Subsystem Interface Reference Guide DC 900-1386

20 DC 900-1345H
 Preface

Socket Interface Programming Support

• Freeway Client-Server Interface Control Document DC 900-1303

Toolkit Programming Support

• OS/Impact Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1030
• Protocol Software Toolkit Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1338

Protocol Support
• ADCCP NRM Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1317
• Asynchronous Wire Service (AWS) Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1324
• Addendum: Embedded ICP2432 AWS Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1557
• BSC Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1340
• BSCDEMO User’s Guide DC 900-1349
• BSCTRAN Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1406
• DDCMP Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1343
• Freeway AUTODIN Programmer’s Guide DC 908-1558
• Freeway FMP Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1339
• Freeway Marketfeed 2000 Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1346
• Freeway SIO STD-1300 Programmer’s Guide DC 908-1559
• Freeway SWIFT and CHIPS Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1344
• Military/Government Protocols Programmer’s Guide DC 900-1602
• SIO STD-1200A (Rev. 1) Programmer’s Guide DC 908-1359
• X.25 Call Service API Guide DC 900-1392
• X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide DC 900-1345
• X.25 Low-Level Interface DC 900-1307

DC 900-1345H 21
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Other Helpful References

• CCITT Blue Book, Volume VIII—Fascicle VIII.2, Data Communication Networks:
Services and Facilities, Interfaces, Recommendations X.1–X.32, Geneva, 1989.

• CCITT Red Book, Volume VIII—Fascicle VIII.3, Data Communication Networks

Interfaces, Recommendations X.20–X.32, Geneva, 1985.

• CCITT Yellow Book, Volume VIII—Fascicle VIII.2, Data Communication Networks

Services and Facilities Terminal Equipment and Interfaces, Recommendations X.1—
X.29, Geneva, 1981.

• International Standard ISO 7776:1986(E)

• International Standard ISO 8208:1987(E)

For general X.25/HDLC information and familiarization:

• Inside X.25: A Manager’s Guide, by Sherman K. Schlar

• Computer Networks, by Andrew S. Tanenbaum

• ISDN An Introduction, by William Stallings

Document Conventions
Protogate’s CS API for Freeway X.25/HDLC operates on a variety of client computer
systems. In this document, bits within a byte, word, or longword are identified by the
binary logarithm of their value. That is, bit n is valued as 2 to the nth power (bit 0 is 1,
bit 1 is 2, bit 2 is 4, bit 3 is 8, and so on).

The term “Freeway” refers to any of the Freeway server models (for example, Freeway
500/3100/3200/3400 PCI-bus servers, Freeway 1000 ISA-bus servers, or Freeway
2000/4000/8800 VME-bus servers). References to “Freeway” also may apply to an

22 DC 900-1345H
 Preface

embedded ICP product using DLITE (for example, the embedded ICP2432 using
DLITE on a Windows NT system).

Physical “ports” on the ICPs are logically referred to as “links.” However, since port and
link numbers are usually identical (that is, port 0 is the same as link 0), this document
uses the term “link.”

Program code samples are written in the “C” programming language.

Revision History
The revision history of the X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide, Protogate document
DC 900-1345H, is recorded below:

Document
Revision Release Date Description
DC 900-1345A April 1995 Original release
DC 900-1345B June 1995 Updated Chapter 2
DC 900-1345C September 1996 Minor changes for 2.4.1 server release
DC 900-1345D November 1997 Add Chapter 12, “Physical Level Considerations”
DC 900-1345D March 1998 Update Section 1.1 through Section 1.4.
Restore Communication and Segmentation buffer size
information to Revision B level (Chapter 3, Chapter 9,
and Chapter 10).
Clarify EIA information (Section 9.3.3.4 on page 130).
Add notes on page 51 and page 59.
Add options 13–15 (Section 10.3.4.1 on page 158).
DC 900-1345F April 1998 Add EIA Mil-Std 188C support (Section 3.4.15 on
page 61, Section 9.3.3.4 on page 130, and Section 10.3.4.1
on page 158)
DC 900-1345G November 1998 Change setup file names to svc.setup and hdlc.setup
Add help feature for test programs (Chapter 2)
Add monitoring of exceptions (Section 9.6.4 on page 150
Add monitoring packet formats (Chapter 10)
Add 32-bit statistics support (Chapter 10)

DC 900-1345H 23
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Document
Revision Release Date Description
DC 900-1345H October 2004 Update contact information for Protogate.
Add ISO HDLC Option 4 for UI frames (Section 11.3 on
page 193).
Add ISO HDLC Option 12 for TEST frames (Section 11.4
on page 194).
Add HTESTcommand (Section 10.3.16 on page 177) and
ITEST response (Section 10.4.13 on page 189) for MAN-
AGER applications.

Customer Support
If you are having trouble with any Protogate product, call us at (858) 451-0865 Monday
through Friday between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. Pacific time.

You can also fax your questions to us at (877) 473-0190 any time. Please include a cover
sheet addressed to “Customer Service.”

We are always interested in suggestions for improving our products. You can use the
report form in the back of this manual to send us your recommendations.

24 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

1 Introduction

This manual contains information necessary for the configuration and management of
the X.25 and HDLC protocol services on Protogate’s Freeway communications server.

1.1 Product Overview

Most recent
modification Protogate provides a variety of wide-area network (WAN) connectivity solutions for
date:
8/18/98 Leslie: real-time financial, defense, telecommunications, and process-control applications.
minor mods.
Just update Protogate’s Freeway server offers flexibility and ease of programming using a variety of
when
convenient. LAN-based server hardware platforms. Now a consistent and compatible embedded
intelligent communications processor (ICP) product offers the same functionality as
the Freeway server, allowing individual client computers to connect directly to the
WAN.

Both Freeway and the embedded ICP use the same data link interface (DLI). Therefore,
migration between the two environments simply requires linking your client applica-
tion with the proper library. Various client operating systems are supported (for exam-
ple, UNIX, VMS, and Windows NT).

Protogate protocols that run on the ICPs are independent of the client operating system
and the hardware platform (Freeway or embedded ICP).

1.1.1 Freeway Server

Protogate’s Freeway communications servers enable client applications on a local-area

network (LAN) to access specialized WANs through the DLI. The Freeway server can be
any of several models (for example, Freeway 1100, Freeway 2000/4000, or Freeway

DC 900-1345H 25
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

8000/8800). The Freeway server is user programmable and communicates in real time.
It provides multiple data links and a variety of network services to LAN-based clients.
Figure 1–1 shows the Freeway configuration.

To maintain high data throughput, Freeway uses a multi-processor architecture to sup-

port the LAN and WAN services. The LAN interface is managed by a single-board com-
puter, called the server processor. It uses the commercially available VxWorks
operating system to provide a full-featured base for the LAN interface and layered ser-
vices needed by Freeway.

Freeway can be configured with multiple WAN interface processor boards, each of
which is a Protogate ICP. Each ICP runs the communication protocol software using
Protogate’s real-time operating system.

1.1.2 Embedded ICP

The embedded ICP connects your client computer directly to the WAN (for example,
using Protogate’s ICP2432B PCIbus board). The embedded ICP provides client appli-
cations with the same WAN connectivity as the Freeway server, using the same data link
interface. The ICP runs the communication protocol software using Protogate’s
real-time operating system. Figure 1–2 shows the embedded ICP configuration.

26 DC 900-1345H
 1: Introduction

Freeway
WAN
Interface
Processors

ICP WAN Protocol

Options

Industry Standard Bus

Commercial

●
Server Software
Financial

●
Government

●
Military
SCADA
ICP

Ethernet LAN
DLI DLI DLI
API API API
● ● ●
Application Application Application
3413

Client 1 Client 2 Client n

Figure 1–1: Freeway Configuration

DC 900-1345H 27
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Client Computer

Client DLITE
Appl 1 API
Embedded ICP WAN Protocol
Options
ICP Device Driver

Industry Standard Bus Commercial

Client DLITE
Appl 2 API Protogate Financial
WAN Protocol Government
Software
●

Military
●

SCADA
●

Client DLITE
Appl n API

3414

Figure 1–2: Embedded ICP Configuration

28 DC 900-1345H
 1: Introduction

Summary of product features:

• Provision of WAN connectivity either through a LAN-based Freeway server or

directly using an embedded ICP

• Elimination of difficult LAN and WAN programming and systems integration by

providing a powerful and consistent data link interface

• Variety of off-the-shelf communication protocols available from Protogate which

are independent of the client operating system and hardware platform

• Support for multiple WAN communication protocols simultaneously

• Support for multiple ICPs (two, four, eight, or sixteen communication lines per
ICP)

• Wide selection of electrical interfaces including EIA-232, EIA-449, EIA-485,

EIA-530, EIA-562, V.35, ISO-4903 (V.11), and MIL-188

• Creation of customized server-resident and ICP-resident software, using Proto-

gate’s software development toolkits

• Freeway server standard support for Ethernet and Fast Ethernet LANs running
the transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP)

• Freeway server standard support for FDDI LANs running the transmission con-
trol protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP)

• Freeway server management and performance monitoring with the simple net-
work management protocol (SNMP), as well as interactive menus available
through a local console, telnet, or rlogin

DC 900-1345H 29
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

1.2 Freeway Client-Server Environment

The Freeway server acts as a gateway that connects a client on a local-area network to a
wide-area network. Through Freeway, a client application can exchange data with a
remote data link application. Your client application must interact with the Freeway
server and its resident ICPs before exchanging data with the remote data link applica-
tion.

One of the major Freeway server components is the message multiplexor (MsgMux)
that manages the data traffic between the LAN and the WAN environments. The client
application typically interacts with the Freeway MsgMux through a TCP/IP BSD-style
socket interface (or a shared-memory interface if it is a server-resident application
(SRA)). The ICPs interact with the MsgMux through the DMA and/or shared-memory
interface of the industry-standard bus to exchange WAN data. From the client applica-
tion’s point of view, these complexities are handled through a simple and consistent
data link interface (DLI), which provides dlOpen, dlWrite, dlRead, and dlClose functions.

Figure 1–3 shows a typical Freeway connected to a locally attached client by a TCP/IP
network across an Ethernet LAN interface. Running a client application in the Freeway
client-server environment requires the basic steps described in Section 1.2.1 and
Section 1.4.

Client Shared Memory Freeway

Interface
ICP0
Ethernet SRA
Standard Bus

ICP1
Industry

Client WAN
TCP/IP
Application DLI TSI T protocols
S msgmux ICP2
TCP/IP I
ICP3
3125

Socket Interface
client_1 freeway_0
192.52.107.99 192.52.107.100

Figure 1–3: A Typical Freeway Server Environment

30 DC 900-1345H
 1: Introduction

1.2.1 Establishing Freeway Server Internet Addresses

The Freeway server must be addressable in order for a client application to communi-
cate with it. In the Figure 1–3 example, the TCP/IP Freeway server name is freeway2, and
its unique Internet address is 192.52.107.100. The client machine where the client applica-
tion resides is client1, and its unique Internet address is 192.52.107.99. Refer to the Freeway
User’s Guide to initially set up your Freeway and download the operating system, server,
and protocol software.

1.3 Embedded ICP Environment

Refer to the user’s guide for your embedded ICP and operating system (for example, the
Freeway Embedded ICP2432 User’s Guide for Windows NT) for software installation and
setup instructions. The user’s guide also gives additional information regarding the data
link interface (DLI) and embedded programming interface descriptions for your spe-
cific embedded environment. Refer back to Figure 1–2 on page 28 for a diagram of the
embedded ICP environment. Running a client application in the embedded ICP envi-
ronment requires the basic steps described in Section 1.4

1.4 Client Operations

1.4.1 Defining the DLI and TSI Configuration

In order for your client application to communicate with the ICP’s protocol software,
you must define the DLI sessions and the transport subsystem interface (TSI) connec-
tions between your client application and Freeway (or an embedded ICP). To accom-
plish this, you first define the configuration parameters in DLI and TSI ASCII
configuration files, and then you run two preprocessor programs, dlicfg and tsicfg, to cre-
ate binary configuration files. The dlInit function uses the binary configuration files to
initialize the DLI environment.

DC 900-1345H 31
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

1.4.2 Opening a Session

After the DLI and TSI configurations are properly defined, your client application uses
the dlOpen function to establish a DLI session with an ICP link. As part of the session
establishment process, the DLI establishes a TSI connection with the Freeway MsgMux
through the TCP/IP BSD-style socket interface for the Freeway server, or directly to the
ICP driver for the embedded ICP environment.

1.4.3 Exchanging Data with the Remote Application

After the link is enabled, the client application can exchange data with the remote appli-
cation using the dlWrite and dlRead functions.

1.4.4 Closing a Session

When your application finishes exchanging data with the remote application, it calls the
dlClose function to disable the ICP link, close the session with the ICP, and disconnect
from the Freeway server or the embedded ICP driver.

1.5 Overview of X.25/HDLC

This document describes the procedures required to properly configure the Freeway
X.25 protocol service before applications may access X.25 virtual circuits through
Freeway. This document also describes procedures required to configure the Freeway
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol service for direct access to HDLC,
bypassing the X.25 protocol service. Figure 1–4 shows examples of Freeway X.25 and
HDLC connections.

Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 discuss X.25 configuration options and their effects on
Freeway operation. You can configure Freeway either by using the x25_manager utility pro-
gram (Chapter 9), or under MANAGER application program control (Chapter 10). Both
methods require the installation of Protogate’s Call Service Application Program Inter-
face (CS API). The CS API presents a consistent high-level common interface across
multiple hosts and operating systems. Refer to the X.25 Call Service API Guide.

32 DC 900-1345H
 1: Introduction

Ethernet
Remote Remote Remote
DTE • • • DTE DTE

•
Local
Client •
1 •
Remote
X.25
DTE
Network
X.25 #1
(DCE)

Local
Client Remote
2 Freeway MLP DTE
X.25/ X.25
HDLC Network
(DTE) #2
•
(DCE)
•
•
HDLC Remote
DTE
Local
Client
n

Remote
DTE
Remote Remote
DTE DTE
DRWG-2345

Figure 1–4: Freeway X.25 and HDLC Connections

DC 900-1345H 33
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

1.5.1 X.25 Protocol Summary

The X.25 protocol is based on the International Standards Organization (ISO) seven-
layer model for open systems interconnect and implements the first three layers of this
model. From the lowest, most “primitive” level, the seven levels of the ISO model are
defined as follows:

1. Physical level This level defines the line characteristics for the physical
connection.

2. Link (frame) level This level defines a bit- or byte-oriented protocol for
information exchange, acknowledgment, error detection,
and retransmission on the data link.

3. Network (packet) level This level defines a higher-level protocol to provide the
multiplexing function required to route information
between a local user and a remote user over the data link.

4. Transport level This level ensures the integrity of user-to-user data trans-
fer, including all required error recovery not handled at
lower levels.

5. Session level This level handles the establishment and termination of

the virtual connection between two users.

6. Presentation level This level handles data format translation between the
user’s data format and the network’s data format.

7. Application level This is the user level.

At the physical level, X.25 offers two choices: X.21/V.11 or X.21 bis. For more informa-
tion, refer to the CCITT X.25 reference documents. Protogate’s default X.25 physical-
level interface is X.21 bis, which is available in EIA-232, EIA-449, EIA-530, or V.35 for-
mat.

34 DC 900-1345H
 1: Introduction

At the link level, referred to as the frame level or single link procedure (SLP) in this doc-
ument, X.25 employs the HDLC LAPB1 protocol. HDLC LAPB is a standard, full-
duplex protocol that simplifies the exchange of information between computers by
using network or direct connections. It provides link-level functions such as link con-
nect, link reset, link disconnect, information exchange, frame acknowledgment, infor-
mation flow control, frame sequence number generation and checking, frame check
sequence (FCS) generation and error detection, frame rejection, and frame retransmis-
sion. The content of information exchanged on the link is unknown (transparent) at
this level and does not affect link operation.

At the network level (referred to as the packet level in this document), X.25 provides a
method for establishing a logical channel (a virtual circuit or data path) between the
local Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and a remote DTE elsewhere on the X.25 net-
work. A DTE may operate several such logical channels to different remote DTEs simul-
taneously. The data exchange on each logical channel is unaffected by that on other
logical channels. Data exchange on all logical channels (at the packet level) is statisti-
cally multiplexed transparently at the frame level.

Implementation of the ISO levels 4 through 7 is the responsibility of the application.

1.5.2 Multilink Procedures

Both the 1984 and 1988 CCITT recommendations for X.25 and the ISO 7776 standard
support the optional use of a multilink procedure (MLP) to allow packet-level traffic to
be distributed across more than one physical data link. When the multilink procedure
is enabled, the packet level sends and receives data by means of the MLP rather than
interfacing directly with the frame-level SLP.

MLP operation provides the following features:

1. High-level Data Link Control Link Access Procedure Balanced

DC 900-1345H 35
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Bandwidth economy Although a network DCE may arbitrarily limit the bandwidth of
each HDLC LAPB data link, MLP permits the DTE to increase the effective band-
width of its network interface by coordinating the use of several physical data
links simultaneously to implement a single logical DTE/DCE interface with a
bandwidth equal to the sum of the individual data link bandwidths.

Load-sharing MLP management of the logical DTE/DCE interface ensures that X.25
demands for transmission bandwidth are evenly distributed across all available
data links under MLP control.

Reliability MLP operation includes a sophisticated fail-over feature that gracefully

handles data link failure by shifting the transmission load to other active data
links without losing data.

Graceful degradation The reliability of MLP results in graceful degradation of service

when a data link fails or is taken off-line for maintenance.

With respect to the ISO seven-layer model, MLP logic is on the thin line between the
frame level and the packet level. The MLP logic relies heavily on frame-level (SLP) indi-
cations of successful or unsuccessful transmission, MLP-level timers, and MLP-level
sequence numbers to support DCE/DTE packet-level operation by means of the
MLP/SLPs transmission pathway.

Note
The Protogate X.25 protocol services provide optional support for
multilink procedures. The HDLC protocol services do not support
multilink procedures.

1.5.3 DTE and DCE

When X.25 is used with a network, the connection to the network is made through Data
Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE). The computer connected to the network is

36 DC 900-1345H
 1: Introduction

referred to as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE). In this environment, each X.25 inter-
face in the network has a DTE-to-DCE connection. The remote DTEs are attached to a
different DCE elsewhere on the network.

When X.25 is used for a direct point-to-point connection between computers, it is

DTE-to-DTE. One end of the connection must be configured to play the role of the
DCE while the other remains a DTE. The differences between the DCE and the DTE in
this environment are primarily found in the characteristics of the HDLC frame address-
ing. Other behavioral traits of a genuine network DCE are not necessarily preserved in
the point-to-point environment.

The designation of a call as incoming or outgoing is always from the perspective of the
DTE. When Freeway is configured to adopt the role of the DCE, it also adjusts its defi-
nition of incoming and outgoing calls to fit the perspective of the other DTE.

1.5.4 Freeway Configuration and Startup Steps

After Freeway hardware and software installation and downloading of the X.25 software
to the ICP, the system administrator must configure the required X.25 and/or HDLC
parameters before the associated protocol service(s) can be used to establish connec-
tions and transfer data.

Configuration of the X.25 protocol service must be requested by a MANAGER application

using the service access point (SAP) for X.25, and includes the following steps:

1. Configure buffer and station resource limits

2. Configure data links

3. Configure X.25 multilink procedures (optional)

4. Configure X.25 call service (optional)

5. Configure X.25 stations for each link (optional)

DC 900-1345H 37
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

6. Enable X.25 data links

Note
Buffer configuration through the X.25 service access point is also
performed before HDLC data link configuration.

Configuration of the HDLC protocol service must be requested by a MANAGER applica-

tion using the SAP for HDLC, and includes the following steps:

1. Configure data links

2. Configure TL1 link activation timer (optional)

3. Configure modem control signal monitoring (optional)

For descriptions of the configuration options, see Chapter 3. Chapter 9 and Chapter 10
explain two methods to perform the configurations.

Section 9.3.8.1 on page 142 and Section 10.3.2 on page 157 describe how to enable the
X.25 data links. An HDLC data link is automatically enabled when a USER application
requests a connection.

1.5.5 Monitoring X.25/HDLC Data Links

The x25_manager program provides a MONITOR command that allows the system adminis-
trator to view and record activity on a selected data link. The feature can be used to
diagnose data-line failure when an external data-link analyzer is not available. Even
when an external data-link analyzer is available, this feature might be a convenient way
to capture data for hard-copy output or to compare Freeway-reported data-link activity
to that reported by the analyzer.

38 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

2 Testing the X.25/HDLC

Software

This chapter describes how to use the test programs provided with the X.25/HDLC soft-
ware. These test programs are written in C and communicate with Freeway through the
CS API function calls to perform the following functions:

• Establish virtual circuit or data link connections.

• Initiate the transmission and reception of data on the serial lines.

• Terminate virtual circuit or data link connections.

The test programs can be used to verify that the installed Freeway devices and cables are
functioning correctly and as a template for designing applications that interface with
the CS API layer.

2.1 Hardware Setup

The test programs run in loopback mode. Before running any test program, perform
the following procedure to install the loopback cabling:

Step 1: Provide a synchronous modem. Configure the modem to supply continuous

clocking at a data rate between 300 and 64,000 bits per second. The Freeway ICPs are
default configured for external clocking, and the modem will supply the clock signal for
loopback testing.

Step 2: Install the special three-headed loopback cable between two selected Freeway
ports (links) and the synchronous modem. Links are usually looped back in the follow-

DC 900-1345H 39
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

ing pairs: (0,1), (2,3), (4,5), and so on. Attach the male connector on the loopback cable
to the modem. For a Freeway 1000, attach a serial cable between each of the links you
have selected and a female connector on the loopback cable. For a Freeway 2000 or
Freeway 4000, attach the female connectors on the loopback cable directly to the links
you have selected.

2.2 Software Configuration

Note
If you installed the software into a directory other than the default
directory, you must edit the boot configuration file, the download
script file, and the Freeway System Boot Parameters menu. See the
Freeway Server User’s Guide.

Change to the freeway/client/test/x25mgr directory and edit the transport subsystem

interface (TSI) configuration file, apitcfg, changing the default value of the Freeway
server parameter, freeway_0, to the name (or Internet address) of your current Freeway
server. Enter one of the following commands depending on the system you are using:

For UNIX:
make -f makefile.sun [option]1 (for a Sun system)
make -f makefile.hpux [option]1 (for an HP/UX system)
make -f makefile.sol [option]1 (for a Solaris system)
make -f makefile.aix [option]1 (for an RS6000/AIX system)
make -f makefile.osf1 [option]1 (for an OSF/1 system)

1. The option “clean” compiles and links all executables. The option “all” links executables from
existing object files. The options “clean all” can be used together.

40 DC 900-1345H
 2: Testing the X.25/HDLC Software

For VMS:
@MAKEVMS "" MULTINET (for VMS with Multinet)
@MAKEVMS "" TCPWARE (for VMS with TCPware)
@MAKEVMS "" UCX (for VMS with UCX)

The make file generates the new executable file in the freeway/client/op-sys/bin directory.
Note that op-sys is the identifier for the operating system you are using.

Before running the X.25 test program, x25_svc, or HDLC test program, hdlc_user, you
must run the x25_manager utility to configure the X.25/HDLC software. This utility
runs interactively or uses an input setup file to configure the links to test either X.25 or
HDLC. Table 2–1 shows the appropriate setup file for each test program.

Table 2–1: Files Installed for Testing the X.25/HDLC Softwarea

Setup File for Input

Program Description to x25_manager
x25_manager This is the configuration utility program described
fully in Chapter 9. It runs interactively or can take a —
setup file as input to the x25_manager file com-
mand.
x25_svc This is the sample test program used to verify the svc.setup
installation and configuration of the X.25 protocol
service on Freeway as described in Section 2.3.
hdlc_user This is the sample test program used to verify the hdlc.setup
installation and configuration of the HDLC proto-
col service on Freeway as described in Section 2.4.
a
These programs are located in the freeway/client/test/x25mgr directory. The executable files are located in
the freeway/client/op-sys/bin directory, where op-sys is the identifier for the operating system you are using.

The following sections describe how to use x25_manager to prepare for testing, then run
the X.25 or HDLC test program. For full details on the x25_manager configuration util-
ity, refer to Chapter 9. Figure 9–2 on page 120 through Figure 9–4 on page 124 show the
complete configuration file contents and x25_manager output for both X.25 and HDLC.

DC 900-1345H 41
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

2.3 Running the X.25 Test Program

Step 1: If you have just rebooted Freeway, you can skip this step. Otherwise, reboot
Freeway to download the X.25/HDLC software to the ICP.

Caution
To run the test program successfully, you must have write privi-
leges in the bin directory.

Step 2: Change to the freeway/client/op-sys/bin directory, where op-sys is the identifier

for the operating system you are using.

Step 3: Enter the following command at the system prompt. If you omit the optional
CS API configuration file name, x25_manager uses the default cs_config file. Figure 2–1
shows how to invoke the help feature of the x25_manager test program.

x25_manager [CS API configuration file name] for UNIX

or
RUN X25_MANAGER [CS API CONFIGURATION FILE NAME] for VMS

Step 4: At the x25_manager prompt, enter the file command with the appropriate
setup file:

: file(svc.setup)

The svc.setup input file instructs the x25_manager program to configure the ICP links on
Freeway for running X.25. Figure 9–2 on page 120 shows the svc.setup file contents, and
Figure 9–3 on page 123 shows a complete output example.

Step 5: To start the x25_svc test program, enter the following command at the system
prompt. If you omit the optional CS API configuration file name, x25_manager uses the
default cs_config file. Figure 2–2 shows how to invoke the help feature of the x25_svc test

42 DC 900-1345H
 2: Testing the X.25/HDLC Software

x25_manager ?

SIMPACT X.25 MANAGER UTILITY

( VI-100-0381: X25CFW 1.2-0 )
----------------------------
SYNTAX:
x25_manager [config|?] [dbg] [mgr] [setup]

WHERE:
[?] == display this help text
[config] == replacement for cs_config (default == cs_config)
[dbg] == debuglog flag 1=yes, 0=no (default == 0)
[mgr] == manager session in [config] (default == mgr)
[setup] == setup command file (NO DEFAULT)

EXAMPLES:
x25_manager
x25_manager ?
x25_manager cs_config
x25_manager cs_config 1
x25_manager cs_config 0 mgr
x25_manager cs_config 0 mgr svc.setup

Figure 2–1: Help Feature of x25_manager Test Program

program. Figure 2–3 shows the typical output from the program in typewriter type; your
input is in bold type.

x25_svc [CS API configuration file name] for UNIX

or
RUN X25_SVC [CS API CONFIGURATION FILE NAME] for VMS

Step 6: The program prompts you for the following parameters to run the test:

• Test length in minutes

• Packet data field size; this must not exceed the larger of the two buffer sizes con-
figured in the svc.setup file

• Packet transmit window size. The svc.setup file configures Freeway to support a
window size of 1–7. To use a window size greater than 7, you must change the

DC 900-1345H 43
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

x25_svc ?
SYNTAX:
x25_svc [config|?] [dbg] [s]

WHERE:
[?] == display this help text
[config] == replacement for cs_config (default == cs_config)
[dbg] == debuglog flag 1=yes, 0=no (default == 0)
[s] == seconds instead of minutes (default == minutes)

EXAMPLES:
x25_svc
x25_svc ?
x25_svc cs_config
x25_svc cs_config 1
x25_svc cs_config 0 s

Figure 2–2: Help Feature of x25_svc Test Program

svc.setup file to support packet level modulo 128 operation. See Section 9.3.5.6 on
page 136.

• Link numbers of the links that were looped back in Step 2 of Section 2.1

• User data field value. This may be any value in the given range. However, if you
run multiple copies of the x25_svc test program, you must specify a different user
data field value for each.

Step 7: The installation is verified if x25_svc successfully completes without errors.

44 DC 900-1345H
 2: Testing the X.25/HDLC Software

SIMPACT X.25 SVC OPTIONS

------------------------

Test Length in Minutes (1 to 1440): 1

Packet data field size (32 to 1024): 512

Packet transmit window (1 to 127): 7

Lowest link ID in test (0 to 15): 0

Highest link ID in test (0 to 15): 1

User data field value (0 to 32767): 2

Connecting clients
transferring data

4 links in test
Packet data size 512 bytes.
Packets/second: XMIT 37 RECV 37 TOTAL 74
Bits/second: XMIT 151552 RECV 151552 TOTAL 303104
Link ID number 0 1 2 3
LCN reset errors 0 0 0 0
Transport errors 0 0 0 0
RCV data packets 573 565 559 555
XMT data packets 571 580 561 566

Allowing ICP to settle

Disconnecting clients
SVITEST test terminated

Figure 2–3: Sample x25_svc Test Program Output

DC 900-1345H 45
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

2.4 Running the HDLC Test Program

Step 1: If you have just rebooted Freeway, you can skip this step. Otherwise, reboot
Freeway to download the X.25/HDLC software to the ICP.

Caution
To run the test program successfully, you must have write privi-
leges in the bin directory.

Step 2: Change to the freeway/client/op-sys/bin directory, where op-sys is the identifier

for the operating system you are using.

Step 3: Enter the following command at the system prompt. If you omit the optional
CS API configuration file name, x25_manager uses the default cs_config file.

x25_manager [CS API configuration file name] for UNIX

or
RUN X25_MANAGER [CS API CONFIGURATION FILE NAME] for VMS

Step 4: At the x25_manager prompt, enter the file command with the appropriate
setup file:

: file(hdlc.setup)

The hdlc.setup input file instructs the x25_manager program to configure the ICP links
on Freeway for running HDLC. Figure 9–4 on page 124 shows the hdlc.setup file con-
tents.

Step 5: To start the hdlc_user test program, enter the following command at the sys-
tem prompt. If you omit the optional CS API configuration file name, x25_manager uses
the default cs_config file. Figure 2–4 shows how to invoke the help feature of the

46 DC 900-1345H
 2: Testing the X.25/HDLC Software

hdlc_user test program. Figure 2–5 shows the typical output from the program in type-
writer type; your input is in bold type.

hdlc_user [CS API configuration file name] for UNIX

or
RUN HDLC_USER [CS API CONFIGURATION FILE NAME] for VMS

hdlc_user ?
SYNTAX:
hdlc_user [config|?] [dbg] [s]

WHERE:
[?] == display this help text
[config] == replacement for cs_config (default == cs_config)
[dbg] == debuglog flag 1=yes, 0=no (default == 0)
[s] == seconds instead of minutes (default == minutes)

EXAMPLES:
hdlc_user
hdlc_user ?
hdlc_user cs_config
hdlc_user cs_config 1
hdlc_user cs_config 0 s

Figure 2–4: Help Feature of hdlc_user Test Program

Step 6: The program prompts you for the following parameters to run the test:

• Test length in minutes

• HDLC data field size; this must not exceed the larger of the two buffer sizes con-
figured in the hdlc.setup file

• HDLC transmit window size. The hdlc.setup file configures Freeway to support a
window size of 1–7. To use a window size greater than 7, you must change the
hdlc.setup file to support frame level modulo 128 operation with the desired win-
dow size. See Section 9.3.3.7 on page 130 and Section 9.3.3.17 on page 132.

• Link numbers of the links that were looped back in Step 2 of Section 2.1

DC 900-1345H 47
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Step 7: The installation is verified if hdlc_user successfully completes without errors.

SIMPACT HDLC OPTIONS

--------------------

Test Length in Minutes (1 to 1440): 1

HDLC data field size (32 to 1024): 512

HDLC transmit window (1 to 127): 7

Lowest link ID in test (0 to 15): 0

Highest link ID in test (0 to 15): 1

Connecting
Transferring data

4 links in test
Packet data size 512 bytes.
Packets/second: XMIT 41 RECV 41 TOTAL 82
Bits/second: XMIT 167936 RECV 167936 TOTAL 335872
Link ID number 0 1 2 3
LCN reset errors 0 0 0 0
Transport errors 0 0 0 0
RCV data packets 621 623 606 610
XMT data packets 631 625 616 615

Allowing ICP to settle

Disconnecting
HDLC TEST test terminated

Figure 2–5: Sample hdlc_user Test Program Output

48 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

3 X.25 Configuration Options

This chapter describes each configuration option available for the X.25 protocol service
on Freeway.

Chapter 9 explains how to use the x25_manager utility to configure these Freeway options
interactively. Chapter 10 explains how to write an application program that uses the
Protogate CS API to perform the configurations. Each main section heading in this
chapter includes the packet type in parentheses to aid in cross referencing to Chapter 9
and Chapter 10.

The index provides a comprehensive cross reference between this chapter and Chapter 9
and Chapter 10. To locate the cross references, refer to the index entry entitled “Cross
reference.”

3.1 Software Version Data (HVERSION)

Information about the version of X.25 protocol services software resident on Freeway
may be obtained from Freeway itself. The MANAGER application requests software ver-
sion data, and Freeway returns data in the form of an ASCII text string that may be dis-
played or printed. Software version data may be requested through the X.25 SAP at any
time after Freeway has been downloaded.

3.2 Buffer and Station Resource Limits (HBUFI)

Freeway buffer sizes and the maximum number of virtual circuits are configurable.
Section 3.2.1 through Section 3.2.3 describe these configuration options. Before initial-

DC 900-1345H 49
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

izing buffers and virtual circuits, all data links on Freeway must be disabled, which is the
case immediately after downloading the X.25 software to Freeway. If you do not send an
initialization packet to Freeway after download, the default communication buffer size
is 256 bytes, no segmentation buffers are used, and the maximum number of virtual cir-
cuits is 256.

3.2.1 Segmentation Buffer Size

The Freeway X.25 protocol service provides optional support for X.25 message segmen-
tation. The segmentation feature is enabled when the segmentation buffer size is config-
ured to a valid non-zero value. Segmentation is disabled when a segmentation buffer
size of zero is configured. Segmentation is not supported by the Freeway HDLC proto-
col service.

The Freeway message segmentation feature improves host CPU efficiency by reducing
the number of I/O calls to the host operating system. The host application reads and
writes each message as a block of data. Freeway then converts each outgoing client mes-
sage into an X.25 complete packet sequence. The message is transmitted as a series of
message fragments, and is reassembled at the remote DTE into its original form.

Freeway supports a maximum segmentation buffer size of 8192 bytes. If the client mes-
sage exceeds the size of the segmentation buffer, the client may use the CS_DF_X25MORE
flag value in the proto_flag parameter of the cs_write request to indicate that more data fol-
lows an initial full segment. This process may be repeated for each additional full seg-
ment, until the final segment of the message is sent without the CS_DF_X25MORE flag.

The segmentation buffer size is normally configured to fit the maximum size of a single
client message. The segmentation buffer size (in bytes) must be a multiple of 64
between 128 and 8192 bytes. A client may issue a cs_write request with a buf_length any
value up to the segmentation buffer size. The cs_read request does not limit the buf_length
parameter to the segmentation buffer size. It is the system administrator’s responsibility

50 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

to make the segmentation buffer size known to all application programmers. Refer to
the X.25 Call Service API Guide for descriptions of the CS API requests and parameters.

Segmentation buffers are not needed if the sizes of the data blocks sent by the host to
Freeway are the same size as the communication buffers. However, if segmentation
buffers are not configured, Freeway can negotiate and accept only a local DTE packet
data size (outgoing data) exactly equal to the communication buffer size. On the other
hand, if segmentation buffers are configured, Freeway can negotiate and accept all valid
local DTE packet data sizes up to the configured communication buffer size. In both
cases, Freeway can negotiate and accept all valid remote DTE packet data sizes (incom-
ing data) up to the configured communication buffer size.

3.2.2 Communication Buffer Size

Freeway permits the frame data size for each link to be set independently
(Section 3.4.9). The Freeway communication buffer size must be big enough to contain
the largest required frame data size, but should otherwise be the smallest multiple of 64
between 64 and 8192 sufficient to do so. If segmentation buffers are configured, the
communication buffer size must be less than or equal to the segmentation buffer size.

Note
Communication buffer sizes larger than 4096 should be specified
only when required to support transfer of large HDLC I-frames.
The maximum I-frame size for X.25 is 4096.

The specified communication buffer size need only accommodate actual data. Freeway
reserves extra room for various protocol headers required for actual transmission and
reception on the data links.

DC 900-1345H 51
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

3.2.3 Virtual Circuit Maximum

Although limited to a maximum of 128 separate client processes distributed on the

LAN, both the CS API and Freeway support multiple client attachments (sessions) per
distinct client process. Each client attachment supports one virtual circuit. Freeway
allocates one station resource per possible virtual circuit.

The maximum number of virtual circuits supported on Freeway is configurable. The

default limit is 256 virtual circuits per ICP. This can be increased to a maximum of 1024
virtual circuits per ICP. The limit applies to the total number of simultaneously active
virtual circuits on all data links on an ICP. Control of this large number of virtual cir-
cuits may be managed by a single client process, or may be distributed among up to 128
distinct client processes. In either case, a separate CS API client attachment is required
for each virtual circuit.

The configured limit on number of virtual circuits also limits the number of clients
bound to the Freeway X.25 protocol service. Although a MANAGER application cannot
access virtual circuits, it does count as a client bound to the X.25 protocol service, and
therefore reduces (by one) the actual maximum number of virtual circuits supported as
long as the MANAGER application is bound.

3.3 ICP Buffer Clearing (HBUFCLEAR)

Each Freeway ICP meets data buffering requirements by obtaining buffers from a buffer
resource pool on the ICP when needed, and releasing buffers to the pool when no
longer needed. The ICP does not normally clear buffers before releasing them to the
pool; instead, the ICP overwrites old data when the buffer is reused.

Each Freeway ICP may be configured to clear each buffer before returning it to the ICP
buffer pool. This ensures that data is not kept on the ICP longer than is required to suc-
cessfully complete reception or transmission of the data. Buffer clearing may be enabled
at any time after Freeway is downloaded.

52 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

Note
Once enabled, buffer clearing cannot be disabled without down-
loading the affected Freeway ICP.

3.4 Data Links (HCONFIG)

Each HDLC LAPB data link is individually configurable. Configuring a link cancels all
previous local station assignments on that link. If the SLP controlling the data link
belongs to an MLP, reconfiguring the link removes the SLP from MLP control, but does
not cancel local station assignments until all SLPs are disassociated from the MLP. The
links must be configured before configuring MLP, call service, or station parameters.

All links assigned together under the control of the same multilink procedure (MLP)
must use the same configuration option values. Section 3.4.1 through Section 3.4.15
describe individual options applicable to link configuration.

3.4.1 Bit Encoding Format

The method for encoding bits on the link is configurable. The two options are non-
return to zero (NRZ) and non-return to zero inverted (NRZI). Most X.25 implementa-
tions use NRZ encoding, which is the default bit encoding format used by Freeway.

3.4.2 Clock Source

Freeway may be configured either to use internally generated transmit timing, or to use
an external clock for transmit timing. Since Freeway is shipped with each ICP set for
external clock, software configuration must also be set for external clock.

The clock source can be selected independently for each link on an ICP. If you need to
set internal clock, call the Protogate customer support number given in the Preface on
page 24.

DC 900-1345H 53
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Note
Clock source configuration applies to transmit timing only. Tim-
ing for received data is always supplied as an external input.

3.4.3 Data Rate

The nominal data rate must be specified regardless of the selected clock source. When
Freeway is configured to use the internal clock source, it supports data rates from 300
to 64000 b/s on all links simultaneously. Specification of data rates in excess of 64000
b/s may yield an increase in the number of recoverable errors recorded in Freeway link
statistics.

3.4.3.1 Custom Data Rate

Freeway permits the specification of custom data rates not found in the standard data
rates listed in the next section. Since the serial line controller chips on Freeway cannot
support all internal clock bit rates, Freeway substitutes the nearest supported data rate
for the specified custom data rate.

The following formula may be used to determine whether a selected custom data rate is
supported accurately. Substitute the selected data rate (bits per second) in place of the
bps variable, and compute the indicated quotient (Q1). If the quotient (Q1) is an integer
(i.e., there is no remainder), the data rate is 99.99% accurate.

Q1 = 3686400
---------------------
bps

If the above computation indicates that the selected data rate is not accurately sup-
ported, the actual data rate may be approximated as follows, where INT(Q1) is the inte-

54 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

ger value obtained by truncating any fractional portion of the quotient (Q1) obtained
from the above computation.

3686400
bps = ----------------------
INT ( Q1 )

3.4.3.2 Standard Data Rate

Freeway supports the following standard data rates: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,
19200, 38400, 56000, 57600 and 64000 bits per second. Standard data rate accuracies are
typically as follows when the configured clock source is internal: 56000 is 98.73% accu-
rate; 64000 is 98.94% accurate; all other standard data rates are 99.99% accurate.

3.4.4 Custom Frame Addressing

For each HDLC LAPB data link, transmitted and received frames contain a single frame
address byte. Two choices are permitted for the frame address byte: the DTE address, or
the DCE address. Frames transmitted by the DTE contain the DCE address in com-
mands, or the DTE address in responses. Similarly, frames transmitted by the DCE con-
tain the DTE address in commands, or the DCE address in responses. All frames
exchanged on the data link contain one of these two addresses.

The custom frame addressing option permits the specification of non-standard DTE
and DCE frame addressing. Both a local address and a remote address must be speci-
fied.

3.4.5 DTE/DCE Role Selection

The DTE/DCE selection option determines the data link’s role (DTE vs. DCE). Proto-
gate’s X.25 is primarily DTE software, and the Freeway physical interface is strictly
DTE. When two X.25 links are connected to each other through a modem-eliminator
or loopback cable, one X.25 link must use DTE addressing and the other must use DCE
addressing. X.25 does not recognize DTE-to-DTE or DCE-to-DCE connections.

DC 900-1345H 55
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Selection of the DCE role affects the following only:

Frame address The default frame address is determined by the role selected (DTE or
DCE), unless custom frame addressing is also specified. For a non-MLP data link,
the default local address for a DTE is 3, and the default remote address is 1. Cor-
respondingly, the default local address for a DCE is 1, and the default remote
address is 3. For an MLP data link, the default local address for a DTE is 15, and
the default remote address is 7. Correspondingly, the default local address for a
DCE is 7, and the default remote address is 15.

Call collision1 Normally, the network DCE is responsible for resolving call collisions,
should they occur. In a point-to-point connection between two DTEs, one DTE
must adopt the role of the DCE. When Protogate’s X.25 is configured for DCE
operation, it handles call collisions by immediately clearing the call. When the
DTE role is selected, Protogate’s X.25 waits for the DCE to clear or accept the call.

LCN assignment To decrease the probability of call collisions, the Consultative Com-
mittee on International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) recommends that the
DTE makes logical channel number (LCN) assignments high-to-low, while the
DCE makes LCN assignments low-to-high. For switched virtual circuit (SVC)
stations, Protogate’s X.25 follows the LCN assignment strategy appropriate to the
DTE/DCE role selected. LCN assignments for permanent virtual circuit (PVC)
stations are made during station configuration (Section 3.7).

REJ packet When optional packet retransmission facilities are supported, the DTE
may transmit REJ (reject) packets, and the DCE must process them by initiating
retransmission of the requested X.25 data packets. Since the DTE cannot receive
REJ packets and the DCE cannot send REJ packets (Section 3.6.14), the DTE/DCE
role is critical to correct handling of packet retransmission procedures.

1. A call collision is defined as the simultaneous occurrence of a DCE call indication and a DTE call
request on the same logical channel group number (LCGN)/LCN channel.

56 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

3.4.6 EIA Electrical Interface

The EIA electrical interface for each Freeway ICP card complies with one or more of the
following interface standards:

• EIA_232

• EIA_449

• EIA_530

• EIA_V35

• MIL_188C

A Freeway ICP that supports more than one electrical interface standard requires that
the link configuration specify which EIA interface is to be used. Software-selectable EIA
configuration is supported on the ICP2424 and ICP2432 only. The ICP6000 disregards
this option because EIA is determined by the hardware.

3.4.7 Frame Modulus

The HDLC LAPB data link may be configured for either modulo 8 or modulo 128
sequence number operation. Frame sequence numbers cycle from 0 through one less
than the modulus; that is, modulo 8 sequence numbers are 0–7, while modulo 128
sequence numbers are 0–127. Modulo 8 operation is normal for ground-based data
links, while modulo 128 operation is more common for data links via satellite.

Note
Frame-level modulo 128 operation is not supported by the CCITT
X.25 1980 recommendation, but is optional for other supported
X.25 operation profiles.

DC 900-1345H 57
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

3.4.8 Frame Transmit Window Size

The frame transmit window size limits the number of information frames (I-frames)
that may be transmitted by a data link without acknowledgment. If the number of
unacknowledged I-frames reaches the frame transmit window size, the frame transmit
window closes and transmission of additional I-frames stops until acknowledgment is
received.

The configured frame transmit window size must always be greater than 0 and less than
the configured frame modulus. For modulo 8 operation, a frame transmit window size
of 7 is customary. For modulo 128 operation, the frame transmit window size is usually
at least 8, but must be less than 127.

3.4.9 N1 Maximum Frame Data Size

The CCITT X.25 recommendation describes the N1 parameter as the number of bits
permitted within an I-frame, including all bits in the HDLC LAPB address and control
fields, the MLP header (if present), the X.25 packet header, the X.25 data field, and the
FCS. Protogate’s X.25 requires only the specification of the X.25 data field size (in
bytes), and automatically adjusts the implied N1 value for the size of the additional
fields in a complete I-frame.

The maximum frame data size cannot be larger than the X.25 software communication
buffer size (Section 3.2.2). If the configured communication buffer size exceeds 4096 (to
accommodate large HDLC I-frames on a non-X.25 link), then the X.25 link configura-
tion must specify an N1 parameter of 4096 or less.

Figure 3–1 shows the relationships between the various portions of an X.25 frame. The
byte labeled GFI/LCGN consists of the high-order four bits which are the general for-
mat indicator (GFI) and the low-order four bits which are the LCGN.

58 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

…
GFI/ Pkt
Flag Adr Ctl MLP (opt) LCN Data (Information) FCS1 FCS2 Flag
LCGN Type
…
I-frame

I-field containing MLP Frame

DRWG-2344
X.25 Packet

Actual Data

Figure 3–1: X.25 Modulo 8 Information Frame (I-frame)

Note
The maximum frame data size permitted for CCITT X.25 1980
operation is 1024 bytes. For CCITT X.25 1984/1988 and ISO 8208,
the maximum frame data size is 4096.

3.4.10 N2 Retry Limit (for T1 Timer)

The N2 retry limit is the maximum number of times that the HDLC LAPB data link
attempts to retransmit the same frame. Each retransmission attempt is triggered by
expiration of the T1 timer. After N2 retransmission attempts for the same frame,
Freeway automatically attempts to reset the HDLC LAPB data link. If Freeway also fails
to reset the data link after N2 attempts, Freeway attempts to disconnect the data link. If
Freeway then fails to obtain acknowledgment of the disconnect request, Freeway
declares the data link inactive and attempts to reactivate the data link until it succeeds,
or until an authorized X.25 MANAGER application or HDLC USER application com-
mands Freeway to disable the link. For an HDLC USER application, link failure causes
the CS API to report connection failure as a CS_NOCONN error status.

3.4.11 T1 CCITT/ISO Retry Timer

The T1 timer limits the period of time that the HDLC LAPB data link waits for trans-
mission acknowledgment. This time limit is usually at least four times the transmission

DC 900-1345H 59
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

time of an I-frame of maximum size, and is rarely set lower than 2 seconds. Expiration
of the T1 timer triggers Freeway attempts to retransmit the unacknowledged I-frame,
request acknowledgment, or reset the data link.

Note
If the T1 timer is set too low, the HDLC LAPB protocol breaks
down; if it is set too high, recovery from transmission failures takes
an excessive period of time.

3.4.12 T2 CCITT/ISO Acknowledgment Delay Timer

The T2 timer specifies the maximum time that the HDLC LAPB data link may wait to
acknowledge a received I-frame. Delaying transmission of a supervisory receiver-ready
(RR) frame to acknowledge receipt of an I-frame permits the data link to increase the
probability that the acknowledgment may be sent on the next I-frame available for
transmission. This is especially true of X.25, since receipt of an I-frame containing an
X.25 data packet is followed shortly thereafter by the transmission of an I-frame con-
taining an X.25 packet acknowledging the data.

The actual delay between receipt of an I-frame and transmission of acknowledgment

varies, and is influenced by the following factors:

Outgoing I-frame If an outgoing I-frame is available, acknowledgment is included in

the I-frame as it is transmitted and the T2 timer is stopped.

T2 timer If the T2 timer expires before acknowledgment has been sent, a supervisory
acknowledgment is transmitted immediately.

Window closure If the number of unacknowledged I-frames received reaches the con-
figured frame transmit window size, a supervisory acknowledgment is transmit-
ted immediately to authorize continued transfer of incoming I-frames.

60 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

3.4.13 T3 ISO Idle Link Timer

The ISO 7776 standard defines an optional T3 timer that limits the duration of an idle
link condition on an active link. Receipt of continuous “1” bits on the data link for a
period of T3 seconds causes Freeway to report the link inactive (disconnected).

Note
Although the T3 timer is not a CCITT-specified feature, it is com-
patible with CCITT X.25 operations.

3.4.14 T4 ISO Link Integrity (Keep Alive) Timer

The ISO 7776 standard defines an optional T4 timer that causes periodic transmission
of a supervisory polling frame in the absence of other data link activity. Polling contin-
ues at T1 time intervals until a valid response is received. In the absence of a valid
response, Freeway follows normal N2 retry limit procedures.

The T4 timer may be used as a “keep-alive” timer to periodically check data-link integ-
rity. The T4 timer length must be greater than the configured T1 timer length.

Note
Although the T4 timer is not a CCITT-specified feature, it is com-
patible with CCITT X.25 operations.

3.4.15 X.21/V.11 Clock Source

The X.21/V.11 clock source configuration option is provided to permit the use of an
X.21/V.11 physical layer interface instead of an X.21 bis interface. This option is valid
only when Freeway is fitted with X.21/V.11 DTE connectors.

DC 900-1345H 61
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Since the X.21/V.11 physical interface utilizes only a single clock line, Freeway must be
configured both to use an external clock source (Section 3.4.2) and to specify receive
timing input as the X.21/V.11 clock source for send timing.

3.5 MLP — Multilink Procedures (HCONMLP)

The use of MLPs in X.25 effectively increases the throughput capacity of X.25 virtual
circuits by supporting the use of several serial data links to carry X.25 data traffic simul-
taneously. The MLP provides a single access point for packet-level transmission and
reception.

When using a multilink procedure (MLP), configure the MLP after configuring data
links (or SLPs) but before configuring call service parameters or stations. This practice
ensures that call service parameters and stations are validated correctly. If the host
attempts to configure an MLP after configuring call service parameters or stations,
Freeway may reject the request.

The host can configure more than one MLP, but no two MLPs can share the same SLP.
Each SLP to be assigned to an MLP must be in the disabled state.

Both the DTE and the DCE must be configured for MLP operation over the same data
links. MLP operation is local to the DTE/DCE interface, and does not impose any
requirement for MLP operation at another DTE/DCE interface elsewhere on the net-
work.

To X.25, an MLP-controlled set of data links appears as a single logical data link inter-
face. The MLP itself does not have an associated identifier; all SLPs to be assigned to an
MLP are included in one host configure MLP packet. Additional SLPs cannot be added
without listing all SLPs again, and the requirement that all SLPs be inactive still holds.
After MLP configuration, the link id field in host packets (sap_link field of the SAP
header, Section 10.2 on page 156) must identify one of the links under the MLP’s con-

62 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

trol. The link id field is used to find the associated MLP but does not determine the
actual data link used for data transmission.

An SLP may be deleted from an MLP by reconfiguring the link. The more usual proce-
dure is to disable an SLP to take it out of service, but leave it associated with its MLP.
The host merely re-enables the SLP to place it in service again.

Section 1.5.2 on page 35 lists the features of MLP operation. Section 3.5.1 through
Section 3.5.6 describe all parameters specific to MLP configuration.

Note
Multilink procedure (MLP) usage is not supported for CCITT
X.25 1980 operation, but is optional for other supported X.25
operation profiles.

3.5.1 MT1 Lost Frame Timer Value

The MT1 timer is used during periods of low traffic to limit the time that the MLP waits
to receive a missing MLP frame required to complete the original sequence of MLP
frames. At the end of this period, the MLP assumes that the MLP frame for which it is
waiting has been lost, and begins waiting for the next expected MLP frame.

Note
If MT1 is set too low, MLP processing of data link failures may
result in the assumed loss of MLP frames.

Data loss may occur if the MT1 timer expires before the MLP data link fail-over pro-
cessing can retransmit I-frames not acknowledged on the data link. The value chosen
for the MT1 timer should not be less than the product of the T1 retry timer and the N2
retry limit values configured for the data link under MLP control, and should be large

DC 900-1345H 63
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

enough to permit transmission of an entire frame transmit window’s worth of I-frames

on the data link.

3.5.2 MT2 Group Busy Timer Value

The MT2 timer is used when all data links are busy1 to limit the time that the MLP waits
to receive a missing MLP frame required to complete the original sequence of MLP
frames. At the end of this period, the MLP assumes that the MLP frame for which it is
waiting has been lost, and begins waiting for the next expected MLP frame.

The value chosen for the MT2 timer is non-critical on Freeway. Its value may be set very
large to avoid loss of MLP frames during local RNR conditions, should they occur.

3.5.3 MT3 Reset Confirmation Timer Value

The MT3 timer is used during MLP reset operations to limit the time that the MLP
waits to receive confirmation of its MLP reset request. At the end of this period, the
MLP assumes that its original MLP reset request was lost, and issues another MLP reset
request.

Note
If MT3 is set too low and temporary data link transmission prob-
lems occur, MLP reset procedures may not complete successfully.

The value chosen for the MT3 timer should not be less than the product of the T1 retry
timer and the N2 retry limit values configured for the data link under MLP control.

1. A data link is said to be busy after it transmits a supervisory receiver-not-ready (RNR) frame to
inform the DCE that it is unable to handle additional incoming I-frames due to buffer congestion or other
internal processing limitations. The data link later transmits a supervisory RR (receiver-ready) frame to
notify the DCE that the busy condition is resolved.

64 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

3.5.4 MW Multilink Window Size

The MW parameter determines the size of the multilink receive window by specifying
the maximum number of MLP frames that the multilink receive window can accom-
modate for resequencing. MLP frames received from the lower layer (data links) are
held for resequencing and delivery to the higher layer (X.25) as long as each MLP
frame’s sequence number lies within the multilink receive window. As MLP frames are
resequenced successfully and delivered to the higher layer, the position of the multilink
receive window rotates within the modulo 4096 cycle used for MLP frame sequencing.

The value for MW must be the same for both the DTE and the DCE. It should also be
larger than the product of the number of data links and the configured frame transmit
window size, but should not be so large as to commit a majority of the available receive
buffering capacity to resequencing of incoming MLP frames.

For example, the MW window size for an MLP controlling four data links, each with a
frame transmit window size of 7 may reasonably be set to any value in the range 28–64;
with a frame transmit window size of 127 over the same four data links, MW may rea-
sonably be set to any value in the range 508–1024 (provided that the configured com-
munication buffer size is small enough to guarantee a large number of available
buffers).

3.5.5 MX Window Guard Region Size

The MX parameter defines the size of the MLP window guard region. The MX window
guard region lies just beyond the MW multilink receive window. Receipt of an MLP
frame with a sequence number outside the MW multilink receive window but within
the MX window guard region signals the loss of MLP frames, and causes the MLP to
rotate its MW multilink receive window and MX window guard region.

The value for MX must be large enough for the receiving MLP to recognize receipt of an
MLP frame with the highest sequence number outside its multilink receive window that
it may legitimately receive after a multilink frame loss has occurred. However, the value

DC 900-1345H 65
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

for MX should not exceed the value for MW, and the sum of MX and MW cannot
exceed 4095.

3.5.6 MLP Data Links

When the MLP is configured, a list of HDLC LAPB data links must be explicitly
assigned to the MLP. Each data link in the list must already be configured, must be inac-
tive, and must not already be assigned to another MLP.

3.6 X.25 Call Service Configuration (HCSCON)

The host configures the optional call service parameters after configuring the link (and
the MLP, if applicable). Each X.25 network connection has a unique call service config-
uration (an X.25 network connection might be a single link, or it could be an MLP). If
you are using multiple X.25 network connections, you must separately configure each
connection for call service. Most call service parameters may be adjusted either prior to
or after beginning normal X.25 operations. However, certain parameters may not be
adjusted if doing so would conflict with facilities registered with the network DCE
through X.25 facilities registration procedures. See Chapter 5.

Do not confuse call service configuration (which remains in effect until changed) with
the call service facilities that can be specified dynamically by a USER application during
SVC call establishment. The latter category is implemented using a quality-of-service
(qos) parameter with the CS API requests, described in theX.25 Call Service API Guide.

Section 3.6.1 through Section 3.6.17 describe the available X.25 call service configura-
tion parameters. The function codes are shown in parentheses to aid in cross referenc-
ing to Chapter 10.

3.6.1 Calling DTE Address (HF_CLLNG)

The calling DTE address is an optional call service configuration parameter, and speci-
fies the network address associated with the local DTE/DCE network interface. When

66 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

configured, the DTE calling address is included in outgoing X.25 call request packets,
unless specifically replaced by a quality-of-service (qos) parameter item in a client
cs_connect request.

3.6.2 Fast Select (HF_FASCN)

This call service configuration parameter permits the MANAGER application to configure
the manner in which Freeway handles incoming calls containing fast select facilities.
Freeway may be configured to take one of the following actions:

BAR calls Freeway is configured to bar each incoming call containing a fast select facil-
ity by immediately clearing the call without notifying any client.

NOTIFY client (default) Freeway is configured to notify a registered USER application

(if any) when such a call is received. The client so notified must issue one of the
following CS API requests: cs_accept, cs_redirect, or cs_refuse. If no client can be
notified, Freeway clears the incoming call.

Note
Freeway cannot automatically accept incoming fast select calls,
even when incoming call handling is configured to accept incom-
ing calls.

3.6.3 Reverse Charge (HF_RVCN)

This call service configuration parameter permits the MANAGER application to configure
the manner in which Freeway handles incoming calls containing the reverse charging
facility. Freeway may be configured to take one of the following actions:

BAR calls Freeway bars each incoming call containing the reverse charging facility by
immediately clearing the call without notifying any client.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

ACCEPT calls (default) Freeway automatically accepts each such incoming call, pro-
vided that a registered USER application is available to handle the call. If no USER
application is available, Freeway instead clears the call without notifying any cli-
ent.

NOTIFY client Freeway notifies a registered USER application (if any) when such a call
is received. If no client can be notified, Freeway clears the incoming call.

3.6.4 Incoming Calls (HF_INCM)

This call service configuration parameter permits the MANAGER application to configure
the manner in which Freeway handles incoming calls in general. Freeway may be con-
figured to take one of the following actions:

BAR calls Freeway bars each incoming call by immediately clearing the call without
notifying any client.

ACCEPT calls (default) Freeway automatically accepts each incoming call, provided
that a registered USER application is available to handle the call. If no USER appli-
cation is available, Freeway instead clears the call without notifying any applica-
tion.

NOTIFY client Freeway notifies a registered USER application (if any) when a call is
received. If no application can be notified, Freeway clears the incoming call.

3.6.5 T2X Timers (HF_T2XCN)

Each of the call service T2X timers listed below controls a specific aspect of X.25 error
handling. A separate set of T2X timers is individually selectable for each configured
Freeway X.25 network connection. That is, the T2X timers for one data link may differ
from those configured for X.25 on another data link, if those two links belong to sepa-
rate network connections. When configured to run over an MLP layer, the T2X timers
apply to X.25 operations over that MLP (and all of its underlying data links).

68 DC 900-1345H
 3: X.25 Configuration Options

T20 This CCITT/ISO restart request timer limits the time that Freeway waits for con-
firmation of an X.25 restart request. When the timer expires, Freeway repeats its
X.25 restart request. The allowed range is 1–255 seconds; the default is 180.

T21 This CCITT/ISO call request timer limits the time that Freeway waits for the DCE
to connect or clear an outgoing DTE call request. When the timer expires,
Freeway issues a DTE clear request to terminate the outstanding call. The allowed
range is 1–255 seconds; the default is 200.

T22 This CCITT/ISO reset request timer limits the time that Freeway waits for confir-
mation of an X.25 reset request. When the timer expires, Freeway repeats its X.25
reset request, unless doing so would exceed the R22 retry limit. The allowed range
is 1–255 seconds; the default is 180.

T23 This CCITT/ISO clear request timer limits the time that Freeway waits for confir-
mation of an X.25 clear request. When the timer expires, Freeway repeats its X.25
clear request, unless doing so would exceed the R23 retry limit. The allowed range
is 1–255 seconds; the default is 180.

T24 This optional ISO window status transmission timer defines the periodic interval
at which the DTE transmits a supervisory RR or RNR X.25 packet on each active
SVC or PVC that has not transmitted any packet within that interval. The timer is
provided for compliance with ISO 8208, but its use is not generally required for
operation of X.25 over HDLC LAPB layers. The allowed range is 1–255 seconds;
by default the T24 timer is disabled.

T25 This optional ISO window rotation timer provides for periodic retransmission of
unacknowledged X.25 data packets. The timer is provided for compliance with
ISO 8208, but its use is not generally required for operation of X.25 over HDLC
LAPB layers. The allowed range is 1–255 seconds; by default the T25 timer is dis-
abled.

DC 900-1345H 69
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

T26 This ISO interrupt response timer limits the time that Freeway waits for confir-
mation of an X.25 interrupt. When the timer expires, Freeway issues an X.25 reset
request. The allowed range is 1–255 seconds; by default the T26 timer is disabled.

T27 This ISO reject response timer limits the time that Freeway waits for receipt of the
X.25 data packet previously requested through transmission of an X.25 REJ
packet. When the timer expires, Freeway retransmits an X.25 REJ packet
(Section 3.6.14), unless the R27 retry limit would be exceeded. The allowed range
is 1–255 seconds; by default the T27 timer is disabled.

T28 This CCITT/ISO registration request timer limits the time that Freeway waits for
confirmation of an X.25 facilities registration request. When the timer expires,
Freeway retransmits an X.25 facilities registration request, unless the R28 retry
limit would be exceeded. The allowed range is 0.1–25.5 minutes; the default is 5.0.

Note
The T24–T27 ISO timers are not supported for CCITT X.25 oper-
ations. The T28 CCITT/ISO timer is not supported for CCITT
X.25 1980 operations.

3.6.6 R2X Retry Limits (HF_R2XCN)

Each of the call service R2X retry limits listed below controls a specific aspect of T2X
timeout error handling. A separate set of R2X retry limits is individually selectable for
each configured Freeway X.25 network connection. That is, the R2X retry limits for one
data link may differ from those configured for X.25 on another data link, if those two
links belong to separate network connections. When configured to run over an MLP
layer, the R2X retry limits apply to X.25 operations over that MLP (and all of its under-
lying data links).

R20 This is the retry limit for the T20 timer. After R20 attempts to restart X.25,
Freeway reports an X.25 link timeout to the MANAGER application (if any) respon-

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sible for managing the X.25 service. The allowed range is 1–255 retries; the default
is 2.

R22 This is the retry limit for the T22 timer. After R22 attempts to reset the virtual cir-
cuit, Freeway reports an SVC connection failure or a PVC procedure error. The
allowed range is 1–255 retries; the default is 2.

R23 This is the retry limit for the T23 timer. After R23 attempts to clear the virtual cir-
cuit, Freeway reports an SVC connection failure. The allowed range is 1–255
retries; the default is 2.

R25 This is the retry limit for the T25 timer. After R25 attempts to retransmit X.25
data, Freeway issues an X.25 reset request. The allowed range is 1–255 retries; the
default is 1.

R27 This is the retry limit for the T27 timer. After R27 attempts to request X.25 data
by sending an REJ packet (Section 3.6.14), Freeway issues an X.25 reset request.
The allowed range is 1–255 retries; the default is 1.

R28 This is the retry limit for the T28 timer. After R28 attempts to register facilities,
Freeway reports a NULL registration confirmation to the MANAGER application (if
any) responsible for managing the X.25 service. The allowed range is 1–255
retries; the default is 2.

Note
The R25 and R27 retry limits are not supported for CCITT X.25
operations. The R28 retry limit is not supported for CCITT X.25
1980 operations.

3.6.7 TL1 Link Activation Timer (HF_TLX)

This call service configuration parameter sets the periodic interval at which the X.25
MANAGER application or HDLC USER application is notified of continuous failure to

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activate a data link or reactivate a data link after it fails. After notifying the application
of a TL1 timeout event, Freeway continues both to attempt to establish the data link and
to provide periodic notification of TL1 timeout events unless the client specifically dis-
ables the data link. The allowed range is 1–255 seconds; the default is 180.

3.6.8 LCN Bounds — Logical Channel Types Ranges (HF_LCN)

The term logical channel number (LCN) is often used ambiguously to refer either to the
least significant 8 bits, or to the entire 12 bits of the composite number formed by con-
catenating the 4-bit logical channel group number (LCGN) with the 8-bit LCN. In this
context, LCN refers to the 12-bit composite LCGN/LCN number.

The LCN bounds call service configuration parameter sets the permitted 12-bit logical
channel number range for each of the three categories of SVC call listed below. The
ranges cannot overlap, and each number range must generally be higher than those that
precede it. An exception is made for ranges that are to be omitted by specifying a range
of zero.

The designation of a call as incoming or outgoing is always from the perspective of the
DTE. When Freeway is configured to adopt the role of the DCE, it also adjusts its defi-
nition of incoming and outgoing calls to fit the perspective of the other DTE.

LIC–HIC This defines the LCN value range for calls from the DCE to the DTE. LIC is
the lowest incoming call LCN, and HIC is the highest incoming call LCN. The
HIC value must be greater than or equal to the LIC value. The LIC value must be
higher than the highest LCN value assigned to a PVC, unless zero is specified to
omit the LIC–HIC range. The default is zero for both LIC and HIC.

LTC–HTC This defines the LCN value range for calls from the DCE to the DTE or vice
versa. LTC is the lowest two-way call LCN, and HTC is the highest two-way call
LCN. The default LTC is 1; the default HTC is 4095. The HTC value must be
greater than or equal to the LTC value. The LTC value must be higher than each
of the following, unless zero is specified to omit the LTC–HTC range:

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• The highest LCN value assigned to a PVC.

• The HIC value.

LOC–HOC This defines the LCN value range for calls from the DTE to the DCE. LOC
is the lowest outgoing call LCN, and HOC is the highest outgoing call LCN. The
default is zero for both LOC and HOC. The HOC value must be greater than or
equal to the LOC value. The LOC value must be higher than each of the following,
unless zero is specified to omit the LOC–HOC range:

• The highest LCN value assigned to a PVC.

• The HIC value.

• The HTC value.

Note
The LCN bounds configuration option may not be set using call
service configuration if X.25 facilities registration procedures
(Chapter 4) have already determined the logical channel types
ranges permitted by the network DCE. See Chapter 5.

3.6.9 Certification Mode (HF_CERT)

DCE emulator equipment used to certify DTE X.25 operation is typically limited in its
capacity to recognize valid X.25 protocol behavior that deviates from expected testable
behavior. The certification mode call service configuration parameter is used to inform
Freeway whether or not it is connected to DCE emulator test equipment for certifica-
tion so that Freeway can accommodate typical limitations in the DCE emulator test
equipment.

For example, both the CCITT X.25 recommendation and the ISO 7776 specification
state that a DTE can initialize the data link by sending SABM. A network DCE handles

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receipt of a SABM correctly every time, but DCE emulator test equipment might not
expect receipt of a SABM until after it sends a Disconnected Mode (DM) response.

Although call service certification mode is primarily intended for use during certifica-
tion of X.25 operations, it can also be used during normal operations. Certification
mode enforces the following modifications to data link operation, and has no effect on
X.25 packet-level operation:

1. During data link startup, certification mode inhibits transmission of SABM (or
SABME) prior to receiving a DM, SABM (or SABME) from the DCE. This
ensures that the DCE simulator controls the timing and manner of data link star-
tup.

2. Certification mode inhibits supervisory polling following receipt of an RNR

frame from the DCE. This eliminates the need for the DCE simulator to handle
RR frames from the DTE when the intent is to test DTE halting of I-frame trans-
missions.

3. Certification mode disables the N2 retry limit when Freeway is sending SABM (or
SABME) to reset the data link. This eliminates a race condition between the DTE
and the DCE simulator that might cause the DTE to start sending DISC frames.

4. Certification mode enforces the use of the configured T1 timer value when reset-
ting or disconnecting the data link instead of using a fixed 2-second interval. This
ensures that the DCE simulator can measure the DTE’s T1 timer in any state.

Note
When not in certification mode, Freeway temporarily shortens the
T1 timer to two seconds following transmission of FRMR, SABM,
SABME or DISC because the transmission time for these frames is
very short. The T1 timer value is always used during information
transfer.

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3.6.10 Flow Control Negotiation (HF_FLOW)

This call service configuration parameter permits the MANAGER application to configure
the manner in which Freeway handles flow control negotiation. Freeway may be config-
ured to take one of the following actions:

BAR negotiation (default) Freeway immediately clears calls that would negotiate flow
control facilities1 in conflict with Freeway configuration. Outgoing calls are not
permitted to contain packet window size and/or packet data size facilities (speci-
fied by the qos parameter in the cs_connect request).

ACCEPT negotiation Freeway is configured to permit the use of flow control negotia-
tion facilities during SVC call establishment. In particular, using the qos parame-
ter in the cs_connect request, you may specify a packet window size and/or packet
data size that do not match the Freeway configuration.

Note
Flow control negotiation may not be set using call service configu-
ration if X.25 facilities registration procedures (Chapter 4) have
already determined whether flow control negotiation is permitted
by the network DCE. See Chapter 5.

3.6.11 Modem Control Signal Monitoring (HF_CLM)

This call service configuration parameter directs Freeway to begin or end the monitor-
ing of changes in the modem input leads for data carrier detect (DCD) or clear to send
(CTS). By default, both DCD and CTS monitoring are disabled. If the monitoring is
enabled, changes in the signal condition are reported to the host in a modem control
signal information packet (ICLSTATE). You can also set a time period for which the con-

1. Flow control negotiation specifies the packet data size and the packet window size for an SVC call.

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dition must be true before the change is reported, using function code HF_CLTMR in the
following section.

3.6.12 Modem Control Signal Debounce Time (HF_CLTMR)

This call service configuration parameter sets the time period a modem signal must
remain on or off before a change is reported.

3.6.13 X.25 Restarts (HF_RESTART)

This call service configuration parameter controls Freeway handling of X.25 packet
layer detection of lower layer (MLP or HDLC LAPB) initialization. When this option is
enabled, Freeway transmits an X.25 restart packet upon detection of lower layer initial-
ization. When this option is disabled, Freeway refrains from sending any X.25 restart
packet following lower layer initialization.

3.6.14 REJ — Packet Retransmission Support (HF_REJ)

This call service configuration parameter determines whether Freeway supports the
X.25 REJ packet type. When this option is enabled, the DTE may send an REJ packet to
the DCE to request retransmission of all X.25 data packets beginning at a specified
packet sequence number. The DCE processes REJ packets received from the DTE, but
never sends an REJ packet to the DTE.

The X.25 REJ packet type is not normally used, since the robustness of the lower layer
is generally sufficient to protect the X.25 packet layer from data loss. This option is pro-
vided primarily for full compliance with CCITT X.25 and ISO 8208 specifications for
DTE operations. This option is disabled by default.

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Note
The packet retransmission support option may not be set using
call service configuration if X.25 facilities registration procedures
(Chapter 4) have already determined whether packet retransmis-
sion is permitted by the network DCE. See Chapter 5.

3.6.15 Extended Packet Sequence Numbering (HF_MOD128)

This call service configuration parameter determines whether Freeway supports mod-
ulo 8 (default) or modulo 128 packet sequence numbers. All virtual circuits must use
the same packet numbering modulus, and both the DTE and the DCE must be config-
ured to use the same modulus.

Note
The extended packet sequence numbering option may not be set
using call service configuration if X.25 facilities registration proce-
dures (Chapter 4) have already determined whether extended
packet sequence numbering is expected by the network DCE. See
Chapter 5.

Note
If extended packet sequence numbering is to be used, the host
must enable the facility by configuring call service prior to config-
uring stations. Attempts to configure stations with default packet
window sizes greater than seven are rejected if call service has not
been configured to support extended packet sequence numbering.

3.6.16 X.25 Operation Profile (HF_X25_PROFILE)

This call service configuration parameter selects the CCITT or ISO specification to
which Freeway is expected to conform during normal X.25 operations. The option is
individually selectable for each configured X.25 network connection. That is, the X.25

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

profile for one network connection may differ from that selected for another X.25 net-
work connection. When configured to run over an MLP layer, the X.25 operation pro-
file applies to the X.25 operation over that MLP (and all of its underlying data links).

3.6.16.1 Unrestricted X.25 Profile

The unrestricted X.25 profile permits the use of all Protogate X.25 configuration
options. This selection permits the widest degree of freedom in X.25 usage, but also per-
mits use of features that may not be supported by the network DCE.

3.6.16.2 CCITT X.25 1980 Profile

Selection of the CCITT X.25 1980 profile disables the use of X.25 packet layer features
specific to CCITT X.25 1984 and enforces the following restrictions on X.25 operation:

• The maximum data field size for data packets is 1024 bytes.

• The maximum data field size for interrupt packets is 1 byte.

• The maximum optional user facilities size is 63 bytes.

• The DTE-specified cause code must be zero.

• The address length and facility length in CLEAR REQUEST and CLEAR INDICA-
TION packets are permitted only when user data is present, and must be zero
when present.

• The extended format for CLEAR CONFIRMATION packets is not permitted.

• Frame-level modulo 8 operation is mandatory.

3.6.16.3 CCITT X.25 1984 Profile

Selection of the CCITT X.25 1984 profile (default) enables the following X.25 packet
layer features specific to CCITT X.25 1984:

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• The maximum data field size for data packets is 4096 bytes (excluding header
information fields).

• The maximum data field size for interrupt packets is 32 bytes.

• The maximum optional user facilities size is 109 bytes.

• The DTE-specified cause code must be zero or 128–255.

• The address length and facility length in CLEAR REQUEST and CLEAR INDICA-
TION packets are permitted only in the extended format. When present, these
field lengths must be zero unless the called line address modified notification
facility is used in clearing, in response to an incoming call or call request packet.

• The extended format for CLEAR CONFIRMATION packets may be used only by
the DCE in conjunction with the charging information facility.

• Frame-level modulo 128 operation is optional.

• Multilink procedure (MLP) operation is optional.

• The following optional user facilities (not supported in CCITT X.25 1980) are
added for CCITT X.25 1984:

1. On-line facilities registration.

2. Local charging prevention.

3. Network user identification.

4. Charging information.

5. Hunt group.

6. Call redirection.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

7. Called line address modified notification.

8. Call redirection notification.

9. Transit delay selection and indication.

10. Extended format CUG selection facility.

11. Closed user group with outgoing access (CUG/OA) selection facility.

12. User data field in CLEAR REQUEST and CLEAR INDICATION packets
after acceptance of an unrestricted fast select call.

13. Extended-format Recognized Private Operating Agency (RPOA) selection

facility.

14. CCITT-specified DTE facilities to support the OSI Network Service.

3.6.16.4 ISO 8208 X.25 Profile

Selection of the ISO 8208 X.25 profile enables the following features specific to ISO
8208, in addition to those supported for CCITT X.25 1984:

• T24 window status transmission timer.

• T25 window rotation timer and associated R25 retry limit.

• T26 interrupt response timer.

• T27 reject packet response timer and associated R27 retry limit (supported only
when REJ support is configured, or is negotiated through on-line facilities regis-
tration with the network DCE).

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3.6.16.5 CCITT X.25 1988 Profile

Selection of the CCITT 1988 X.25 profile enables the following features in addition to
all features available to CCITT X.25 1984:

• Extended DTE address support for type-of-address (TOA) numbering-plan iden-

tification (NPI) address formats

• Call deflection selection facilities

• Facility for 64,000 b/s throughput class

• Enhanced call redirection or deflection notification

3.6.17 Local DTE Address Length (HF_ADDR_LEN)

The typical X.25 DTE address follows the CCITT X.121 recommendation. The X.121
recommendation specifies that a DTE address is formed by concatenating address sub-
fields in the order shown in Table 3–1.

Table 3–1: CCITT X.121 DTE Address Fields

Name Digits Description

Prefix 1 (Optional)
DNIC 4 Data network identification code
NTN 10 National terminal number

Many packet-switched public data networks (PDNs) use only the first 8 digits on the
NTN to identify the DTE/DCE interface on the network. In these cases, the last two dig-
its of the NTN may be used as an optional DTE subaddress. The DTE subaddress may
be used to identify a device, application process, or local DTE not known to the PDN,
but known to the DTE actually attached to the PDN.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

The local DTE address length is the number of digits in the main portion of the DTE
address, excluding the local DTE subaddress field at the end of the NTN. The local DTE
address length must be specified separately for each Freeway X.25 network connection.
This parameter must be specified correctly for the attached X.25 network to ensure cor-
rect operation of the cs_listen request when lowest and highest local DTE subaddress val-
ues are specified in the qos parameter for the cs_register request.

3.6.18 Configure DTE Address Format (HF_TOANPI)

This function code is used in the call service configuration packet to select the X.25 DTE
address format. This function is supported only when the X.25 operation profile
selected is 1988 or is unrestricted.

Two DTE address formats are supported: normal address format and type-of-address
(TOA) numbering-plan identification (NPI) format. Each X.25 network connection
supports one (but not both) of these DTE address formats.

The normal DTE address format limits the length of each DTE address to 15 digits. By
default, Freeway supports normal DTE address format.

The TOA/NPI address format increases the maximum DTE address length to 17 digits.
In this case, the first DTE address digit specifies the type of address (TOA), and the sec-
ond DTE address digit gives the numbering-plan identification (NPI). The remaining
15 digits identify a specific DTE.

3.7 X.25 Station Resources (HCONFIG)

Freeway requires a local station resource for each active X.25 virtual circuit it manages.
The maximum number of station resources is equal to the configured maximum num-
ber of virtual circuits set during Freeway buffer configuration procedures (Section 3.2).

There are only 8–16 data links per ICP on Freeway, but there can be many station
resources configured for those links. All station resources may be configured for the

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 3: X.25 Configuration Options

same link, or they may be distributed in any fashion to one or more links on the same
ICP. However, no station resource may be associated with more than one link simulta-
neously. A station resource configured for a specific data link supports one virtual cir-
cuit on that link only.

The user is not required to configure all available station resources on an ICP. If a sta-
tion resource is not explicitly configured for a data link, it becomes an available
resource for SVC operations on any data link on the ICP.

Any station resource configured for an SLP under MLP control is automatically associ-
ated with the single logical data link interface represented by the MLP.

3.7.1 X.25 Virtual Circuits — PVCs and SVCs

X.25 defines two different types of virtual circuits: the permanent virtual circuit (PVC)
and the switched virtual circuit (SVC). They differ in several ways, though data transfer
is the same for both.

• A PVC is analogous to a leased phone line in that it is a permanent point-to-point

connection between two DTEs. There is no way for it to connect to any other
DTE.

• An SVC is analogous to a dialed phone connection in that it is temporary and

switched.

• PVCs are common in applications using X.25 point-to-point communications,

but may also be defined on a network.

• SVCs are common in applications that use a network to provide local access to
data at several remote locations.

• PVC station resources must be configured.

• Configuration of SVC station resources is optional.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

• An SVC requires call setup and clearing procedures by the USER application; a
PVC does not.

When a USER application places or receives an X.25 call, the virtual circuit associated
with the call is considered to be active, and Freeway associates a station resource with
the application for the duration of the X.25 virtual circuit. Freeway selects a configured
station resource, if one exists; otherwise, Freeway dynamically configures an available
station resource for the job.

3.7.2 Configured Station Resources

Freeway requires that PVC station resources be configured by selecting a station ID,
logical channel number (LCN) and logical channel group number (LCGN). Configur-
ing of SVC station resources is optional and requires selection of only the station ID and
LCGN; the LCN is selected by Freeway when the USER application places a call.

The advantage to configuring station resources is that the distribution of their use is
controlled by the configuration. This may be of importance to application environ-
ments that require predictable availability of X.25 SVC access.

Station resource configuration includes the following parameters:

Station ID This parameter identifies the specific station resource being configured to
support the associated virtual circuit. The valid values are 1 to the configured vir-
tual circuit maximum (256 by default). All station identifiers for an ICP must be
unique on that ICP. The station identifier is only for coordination between the
host and Freeway; it is not used on the communications line.

PVC LCN This parameter selects the least-significant 8-bit logical channel number
(LCN) portion of the composite 12-bit LCGN/LCN X.25 channel number. If the
LCGN is 0, valid values for the LCN are 1– 255. If the LCGN is non-zero, the LCN
may be in the range 0–255. For a PVC, the LCGN/LCN must be the same at each

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 3: X.25 Configuration Options

end of the DTE/DCE interface. No LCGN/LCN may be assigned twice on the

same Freeway X.25 network connection.

PVC/SVC LCGN This parameter represents a group of LCNs designated for a partic-
ular type of access to the network. It forms the most significant 4 bits of the 12-bit
LCGN/LCN X.25 channel number.

Packet Window Size This parameter controls how many data packets may be sent to
the network by a station. The default packet window size is 2, but may be overrid-
den on Freeway by specifying this parameter for the affected station. The packet
window size can also be set dynamically either through flow control negotiation1
(Section 3.6.10) or through facilities registration (Section 4.3.10 on page 93).

3.7.3 Dynamic Station Resources for SVCs

When a USER application places an SVC call and any configured station resources for
the data link are currently in use, Freeway supports the use of dynamic station
resources. Freeway selects an available non-configured station resource and assigns the
station ID, LCN and LCGN.

Non-configured station resources may be used for SVC operations on any data link on
the same ICP. Failure to configure station resources on an ICP allows Freeway complete
freedom to respond to USER application demands for X.25 SVC access. It also permits
commitment of all available station resources to manage X.25 SVCs on a single data link
on that ICP, leaving no station resources available for X.25 SVCs on any other link until
one of the active SVCs terminates.

1. Use the qos parameter in the cs_connect request to specify the packet window size facility.

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86 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

4 On-line Facilities Registration

(HREGRQ and IREGCON)

This chapter describes optional procedures for X.25 networks that support on-line
facilities registration (packet types HREGRQ and IREGCON). These procedures normally
follow successful link activation, and precede virtual circuit access by USER applica-
tions. However, the facilities listed in Section 4.2 may be registered regardless of virtual
circuit activity.

Following successful link activation, the X.25 MANAGER application uses the following
general procedure for on-line facilities registration. Each X.25 network connection has
its own unique facilities registration.

1. After successful link activation, the X.25 MANAGER application issues a host facili-
ties registration request packet (HREGRQ), without data, to Freeway.

2. Freeway responds with a facilities registration confirmation packet (IREGCON).

The data area indicates the available facilities supported by the network DCE.

3. The X.25 MANAGER application issues another facilities registration request packet
(HREGRQ). The data area indicates the desired facilities to be enabled or disabled.

4. Freeway responds with a facilities registration confirmation packet (IREGCON).

The data area indicates the updated status of all available facilities.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Note
The values reported by the network DCE through the facilities reg-
istration confirmation packet (IREGCON) override any previous
values configured on Freeway.

Protogate’s X.25 product supports use of the registration packets described in the
CCITT X.25 1984 and 1988 recommendations. The function codes are listed in
Table 4–1. Most of the facilities may appear in either host facilities registration request
packets (HREGRQ) or Freeway facilities registration confirmation packets (IREGCON).
However, the availability of facilities and non-negotiable facilities values classes of facili-
ties cannot be specified in host facilities registration packets.

Section 10.3.15 on page 174 shows the format of the data areas and explains how to use
the Protogate CS API to write an application program to perform facilities registration.
Potential conflicts between facilities registration and call service are discussed in
Chapter 5.

Section 4.1 through Section 4.8 describe the function codes used in the facilities regis-
tration packets, arranged in ascending numerical order.

Table 4–1: Function Codes for Facilities Registration Packets

Code
Code Symbol Number Function Allowed Packet Type
HF_NEGP1 128 Facilities negotiable in state p1 HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_NEGANY 129 Facilities negotiable in any state HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_AVAIL 130 Availability of facilities IREGCON only
HF_NON_NEG 131 Non-negotiable facilities IREGCON only
HF_DFTHRU 132 Default throughput classes assignment HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_NSPACK 133 Non-standard default packet data sizes HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_NSWIN 134 Non-standard default packet window sizes HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_LOGCHAN 135 Logical channel types ranges HREGRQ or IREGCON

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4.1 Facilities Negotiable in State p1 (HF_NEGP1)

This class of facilities affects operation of all logical channels at the DTE/DCE interface.
All logical channels used for SVC calls must be in the p1 state when these facilities are
specified in a host facilities registration request packet. The p1 state is a “ready” state in
which the LCN/LCGN that identifies a given logical channel is not currently assigned to
a virtual circuit (that is, no SVC call has been placed or received).

4.1.1 Extended Packet Sequence Numbering Facility

When the extended packet sequence numbering facility is enabled, modulo 128 packet
sequence numbers are used. When this facility is disabled, modulo 8 packet sequence
numbers are used. This facility setting should be compatible with the packet window
size.1

This facility is normally disabled, unless modulo 128 sequence numbers are used at the
frame level as well.

4.1.2 REJ — Packet Retransmission Facility

When the packet retransmission facility is enabled, the DTE may use REJ procedures
(Section 3.6.14 on page 76) to recover lost data packets. This facility is normally dis-
abled, since frame-level operation includes a similar data recovery procedure.

4.1.3 Delivery Bit (D-bit) Modification Facility

When the D-bit modification facility is enabled, the DCE ensures that end-to-end
acknowledgment is used for data sent to other DTEs. This facility is normally disabled,
since normal D-bit procedures allow the local DTE selective control over the use of
end-to-end data acknowledgment.

1. Packet window size can be set at the station configuration level (Section 3.7 on page 82), through
facilities registration (Section 4.3.10), or through flow control negotiation facilities using the qos parameter
of the CS API cs_connect request.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

4.2 Facilities Negotiable in any State (HF_NEGANY)

This class of facilities affects the validity of selected call service facilities during normal
operation. These facilities can be enabled or disabled at any time.

When any of the facilities in Section 4.2.3 through Section 4.2.7 is enabled, the USER
application uses the CS API qos parameter to specify or receive the call service facility
information. Refer to the X.25 Call Service API Guide.

4.2.1 Incoming Calls Barred Facility

When the incoming calls barred facility is enabled, the DCE intercepts and clears all
incoming calls. This facility differs from the configure incoming calls function described
in Section 3.6.4 on page 68; the latter affects Freeway operation only.

4.2.2 Outgoing Calls Barred Facility

When the outgoing calls barred facility is enabled, the DCE intercepts and clears all out-
going calls.

4.2.3 Fast Select Acceptance Facility

When the fast select acceptance facility is enabled, the DCE is permitted to transmit to
the DTE incoming calls which request the fast select facility. When the fast select accep-
tance facility is disabled, the DCE is not permitted to transmit to the DTE incoming
calls which request the fast select facility.

4.2.4 Reverse Charging Acceptance Facility

When the reverse charging acceptance facility is enabled, the DCE is permitted to trans-
mit to the DTE incoming calls which request the reverse charging facility. When the
reverse charging acceptance facility is disabled, the DCE is not permitted to transmit to
the DTE incoming calls which request the reverse charging facility.

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4.2.5 Flow Control Negotiation Facility

When the flow control negotiation facility is enabled, both the DTE and DCE are permit-
ted to specify flow control facilities (packet data size and packet window size) when
establishing an SVC connection. When this facility is disabled, flow control facilities are
not permitted.

4.2.6 Default Throughput Class Negotiation Facility

When the default throughput class negotiation facility is enabled, both the DTE and DCE
are permitted to specify throughput class facilities when establishing an SVC connec-
tion. When this facility is disabled, throughput class facilities are not permitted.

4.2.7 Charging Information Facility

When the charging information facility is enabled, the DCE automatically provides
charging information in each clear indication packet and each clear confirmation
packet. When the charging information facility is disabled, the DCE provides charging
information only if the DTE includes a request for charging information in its call
request packet or its call accept packet when the virtual circuit is established.

4.3 Availability of Facilities (HF_AVAIL)

This class of facilities appears only in the Freeway registration confirmation packet
(IREGCON). The network DCE notifies the DTE which facilities are available. Facilities
that the DCE indicates are not available cannot be requested by the DTE.

The data area of the confirmation packet lists the facilities as a series of bytes in the
order shown in Table 4–2. A byte value of “0” means the facility is not available; a “1”
means it is available. Use a host facilities registration packet (HREGRQ) and the function
codes listed to enable the desired facilities that are available. For function codes listed as
“qos,” use the qos parameter of the CS API requests to specify those facilities. Refer to
the X.25 Call Service API Guide.

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Table 4–2: Order of Facilities in Confirmation Packet (IREGCON)

Code
Facility Code Symbol Number
Extended packet sequence numbering facility HF_NEGP1 128
Packet retransmission facility HF_NEGP1 128
D-bit modification facility HF_NEGP1 128
Called line address modified facility HF_CLDADMOD qos
Charging information (per interface) facility HF_NEGANY 129
Charging information (per call) facility HF_RQCRGIN qos
Reverse charging acceptance facility HF_NEGANY 129
Reverse charging facility HF_RVFC qos
Default throughput classes registration HF_DFTHRU 132
Non-standard default window sizes registration HF_NSWIN 134
Non-standard default packet sizes registration HF_NSPACK 133
Logical channel types ranges registration HF_LOGCHAN 135
RPOA selection (per call) facility HF_RPOA qos

4.3.1 Extended Packet Sequence Numbering Facility

If the extended packet sequence numbering facility is available, use the “Facilities Nego-
tiable in State p1” (HF_NEGP1) function code to enable it.

4.3.2 REJ — Packet Retransmission Facility

If the packet retransmission facility is available, use the “Facilities Negotiable in State p1”
(HF_NEGP1) function code to enable it.

4.3.3 D-bit Modification Facility

If the D-bit modification facility is available, use the “Facilities Negotiable in State p1”
(HF_NEGP1) function code to enable it.

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4.3.4 Called Line Address Modified Facility

If the called line address modified facility is available, use the CS API qos parameter to
specify it.

4.3.5 Charging Information (per interface) Facility

If the charging information (per interface) facility is available, use the “Facilities Negotia-
ble in any State” (HF_NEGANY) function code to enable it.

4.3.6 Charging Information (per call) Facility

If the charging information (per call) facility is available, use the CS API qos parameter to
specify it.

4.3.7 Reverse Charging Acceptance Facility

If the reverse charging acceptance facility is available, use the “Facilities Negotiable in any
State” (HF_NEGANY) function code to enable it.

4.3.8 Reverse Charging Facility

If the reverse charging facility is available, use the CS API qos parameter to specify it.

4.3.9 Default Throughput Classes Registration Facility

If the default throughput classes registration facility is available, use the “Default
Throughput Classes Assignment” (HF_DFTHRU) function code to enable it.

4.3.10 Non-standard Default Packet Window Sizes Registration

If the non-standard default packet window sizes registration is available, use the “Non-
standard Default Packet Window Sizes” (HF_NSWIN) function code to enable it.

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4.3.11 Non-standard Default Packet Data Sizes Registration

If the non-standard default packet data sizes registration is available, use the “Non-stan-
dard Default Packet Data Sizes” (HF_NSPACK) function code to enable it.

4.3.12 Logical Channel Types Ranges Registration

If the logical channel types ranges registration is available, use the “Logical Channel
Types Ranges” (HF_LOGCHAN) function code to enable it.

4.3.13 RPOA Selection (per call) Facility

If the RPOA selection (per call) facility is available, use the CS API qos parameter to spec-
ify it.

4.4 Non-negotiable Facilities (HF_NON_NEG)

This class of facilities may appear only in the Freeway registration confirmation packet
(IREGCON). Local charging prevention is the only facility in this class. If the non-negotia-
ble class of facilities is present, it indicates whether local charging prevention is enabled
or disabled.

4.5 Default Throughput Classes Assignment (HF_DFTHRU)

This facility is valid in a host facilities registration packet (HREGRQ) only if the “Avail-
ability of Facilities” (HF_AVAIL) indicated by the network DCE specifies that default
throughput classes registration is supported.

4.6 Non-standard Default Packet Data Sizes (HF_NSPACK)

This facility is valid in a host facilities registration packet (HREGRQ) only if the “Avail-
ability of Facilities” (HF_AVAIL) indicated by the network DCE specifies that non-stan-
dard default packet data sizes registration is supported.

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4.7 Non-standard Default Packet Window Sizes (HF_NSWIN)

This facility is valid in a host facilities registration packet (HREGRQ) only if the “Avail-
ability of Facilities” (HF_AVAIL) indicated by the network DCE specifies that non-stan-
dard default packet window sizes registration is supported. If the “Facilities Negotiable in
State p1” (HF_NEGP1) function code is used to enable extended packet sequence number-
ing, then packet window size values 1–127 are valid; otherwise, only window sizes 1–7
are valid.

4.8 Logical Channel Types Ranges (HF_LOGCHAN)

The logical channel group number and the logical channel number together form a
unique 12-bit channel number at the DTE/DCE interface. The host facilities registra-
tion packet (HREGRQ) uses this facility to identify the following valid 12-bit channel
number ranges:

• Lowest incoming channel (LIC)

• Highest incoming channel (HIC)

• Lowest two-way channel (LTC)

• Highest two-way channel (HTC)

• Lowest outgoing channel (LOC)

• Highest outgoing channel (HOC)

The ranges should progress from lower numbers to higher numbers and must not over-
lap. The highest valid channel number for a PVC is one lower than that specified by the
LIC parameter. Channels in the range LIC through HIC are available only to incoming
calls. Channels in the range LTC through HTC are available to either incoming or out-
going calls. Channels in the range LOC through HOC are available only to outgoing

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calls. The one-way restriction applies only to the SVC calls; once an SVC is connected,
two-way data traffic is permitted.

To exclude all calls in a specific category, specify both the lowest and highest channels
to be zero. For example, to exclude the two-way channel category, specify both LTC and
HTC to be zero. In all other cases, channel numbers must be from 1 through 4095.

This facility differs from the call service configure LCN bounds parameter described in
Section 3.6.8 on page 72; the latter affects Freeway operation only.

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5 Call Service Configuration vs.

On-line Facilities Registration

The following facilities are available through either Freeway call service configuration
or on-line facilities registration:

• Extended packet sequence numbering

• Flow control negotiation

• Packet retransmission

• Logical channel type ranges

If the network to which the DTE is connected does not support on-line facilities regis-
tration, there is no potential conflict situation. In this case, use Freeway call service con-
figuration (Section 3.6 on page 66) to enable these facilities.

However, when the network does support on-line facilities registration, a potential con-
flict may arise. To resolve conflicts for these facilities, the values reported by the net-
work through the Freeway facilities registration confirmation packet (IREGCON)
override any previous values configured on Freeway, and any facilities not available
through the network are disabled on Freeway.

The following example illustrates a potential conflict and how to properly use the net-
work-provided registration procedure. Although this example uses extended sequence
numbering, the same procedure applies to flow control negotiation, packet retransmis-
sion, and logical channel type ranges. A facility does not take effect until a Freeway reg-
istration confirmation packet (IREGCON) is received showing it is enabled.

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1. The host enables extended sequence numbering using call service configuration
(packet type HCSCON). Typically, call service is configured prior to enabling the
data link.

2. The host enables the data link (packet type HENABLE).

3. The host issues a facilities registration request packet (type HREGRQ without any
data) to determine which facilities are available through the network.

4. The host receives a facilities registration confirmation packet (type IREGCON)

indicating the availability of facilities (function code HF_AVAIL) through the net-
work. The packet may also include other function codes (Table 4–1 on page 88)
indicating the current status of each facility (enabled or disabled).

5. The next step depends on the information in the confirmation packet.

• If the confirmation packet indicates that extended sequence numbering is

not available, Freeway call service configuration (from step 1) of that facility
is disabled. Because extended sequence numbering is not supported by the
network, this facility may not be used at all.

• If the confirmation packet indicates extended sequence numbering is avail-

able, but not enabled, the host must issue another facilities registration
request packet to enable extended sequence numbering.

• If the confirmation packet indicates that extended sequence numbering is

available and enabled, the host takes no action.

Table 5–1 and Table 5–2 give an overview of the required actions depending upon
whether on-line facilities registration is supported by the network.

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Table 5–1: Network Not Supporting Facilities Registration

Action Required to Enable

Facility
Facilitya Issue configure call service packet
a
The facility may be extended sequence number-
ing, flow control negotiation, packet retransmission,
and logical channel type ranges.

Table 5–2: Network Supporting Facilities Registration

Registration Confirmation
Packet Indicates Action Required to Enable Facility
a
Unavailable Cannot be enabled
b
Facility Available and disabled Issue registration request packet and wait
for registration confirmation packet
Available and enabled Facility already enabled
a Not applicable to the flow control negotiation facility
b The facility may be extended
sequence numbering, flow control negotiation, packet
retransmission, and logical channel type ranges.

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100 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

6 Freeway Operation
Management

This chapter describes how to manage basic Freeway operations to support USER appli-
cations for virtual circuit access and data transfer. Freeway operation management
operations do not themselves access virtual circuits.

6.1 Data Link Connectivity

Before any USER application may access Freeway X.25 services for virtual circuit opera-
tions, the underlying connection to the network DCE must be active. For X.25 opera-
tion, it is the MANAGER application’s responsibility to ensure that Freeway is properly
configured and that each data link is enabled. For HDLC, links are automatically
enabled when the USER application issues a cs_connect request.

During normal operations, Freeway reports data link failures and/or data link timeouts.
For X.25 data links, Freeway sends these reports to the MANAGER application currently
bound to the X.25 service access point (SAP); if no MANAGER application exists, no such
notification occurs. For HDLC data links, the CS API notifies the USER application by
returning a CS_NOCONN error status.

The MANAGER application may also disable any X.25 data link requiring maintenance
operations on the physical connection to the network DCE. When X.25 operates over a
single HDLC LAPB data link, all X.25 virtual circuit operations terminate immediately
when the data link is disabled.

When X.25 operates over an MLP controlling multiple data links, disabling any single
data link under the MLP merely causes traffic load-sharing adjustments among the

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remaining active data links. X.25 virtual circuit services over the MLP continue unaf-
fected unless all data links under control of the MLP are disabled.

6.2 Modem Control Signal Monitoring

Freeway X.25 call service configuration permits the MANAGER application to monitor
the data-carrier-detect (DCD) and/or clear-to-send (CTS) modem signals. Each of
these signals is supplied by the DCE to the DTE. Monitoring may be achieved in either
of two ways.

Monitor Transitions The MANAGER application may request Freeway to debounce1

unstable transitions on specified modem control line(s) (Section 3.6.11 on
page 75) and report only stable transitions. The debounce period is configurable,
and may be changed at any time (Section 3.6.12 on page 76).

Read Control Line The MANAGER application may request Freeway to report the cur-
rent value of either DCD or CTS. The value represents an instantaneous value, in
that unstable transitions on the modem control line are not debounced when read
in this manner. See Section 10.3.14 on page 173 and Section 10.4.11 on page 187.

6.3 X.25 Diagnostic Packets

Under rare circumstances, the network DCE may transmit an X.25 diagnostic packet to
the DTE. Diagnostic packets are not associated with any specific virtual circuit, but pro-
vide information about network-specific problems. Freeway sends diagnostic packet
reports to the MANAGER application currently bound to the X.25 SAP. If no MANAGER
application exists, no such notification occurs.

1. The term debounce is used to describe the process of deciding whether a signal is ON or OFF during
a period of unstable oscillations on the signal input. The debounce period is the length of time during
which the signal must remain either ON or OFF to determine that a stable reading has been achieved.

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6.4 Statistics Maintenance

Freeway maintains statistics for X.25 data link operations. The MANAGER application
may request Freeway to perform any of the following three statistics maintenance oper-
ations. Chapter 9 and Chapter 10 explain how to request the statistics from Freeway.

Clear Statistics Freeway responds to this request by zeroing all statistics for the speci-
fied data link.

Read Statistics Freeway responds to this request by reporting the current statistics for
the specified data link and then clearing statistics for that data link.

Sample Statistics Freeway responds to this request by reporting the current statistics
for the specified data link. Freeway continues to maintain link statistics without
clearing them.

Data link statistics count received and transmitted frames, occurrences of error condi-
tions, the number of X.25 restarts and X.25 LCN usage. Available link statistics include
the following:

Receive FCS errors This is the number of frame check sequence errors detected on the
line. A high FCS error rate usually indicates a physical layer problem due to clock-
ing or cabling problems.

Receive I-frames too long This is the number of I-frames received with an information
field of excessive length. This may indicate that the configured frame data size is
too small to contain the maximum data field transmitted by the network DCE.

Receive overrun errors This is the number of frames received too quickly for Freeway
to keep up. This may indicate an excessive receive data rate, or may occur if the
spacing between frames from the DCE to the DTE is too small for the current
receive data rate.

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Transmit underrun errors This is the number of frames transmitted too quickly for
Freeway to keep up. This may indicate an excessive transmit data rate.

Transmit watchdog errors This is the number of frames transmitted for which the
transmission did not complete within the expected time. This may indicate a
transmit clock or cabling problem.

Unrecognized frames received This is the number of frames received that are not
appropriate to HDLC operations.

I-frames received This is the number of I-frames received. The count is limited to 16-
bits, and the actual count may exceed the reported value due to counter rollover.

I-frames sent This is the number of I-frames transmitted. The count is limited to 16-
bits, and the actual count may exceed the reported value due to counter rollover.

FRMR frames received This is the number of frame reject (FRMR) frames received.

FRMR frames sent This is the number of FRMR frames transmitted.

REJ frames received This is the number of REJ frames received. REJ frames should not
be confused with REJ packets carried within an I-frame information field. If SREJ
selective recovery is enabled (Section 11.2 on page 192), this field also counts
SREJ frames received.

REJ frames sent This is the number of REJ frames transmitted. REJ frames should not
be confused with REJ packets carried within an I-frame information field. If SREJ
selective recovery is enabled (Section 11.2 on page 192), this field also counts
SREJ frames transmitted.

SABM frames received This is the number of SABM frames received.

SABM frames sent This is the number of SABM frames transmitted.

Restart packets received This is the number of X.25 restart packets received.

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Restart packets sent This is the number of X.25 restart packets transmitted.

LCNs currently in use This is the number of virtual circuits currently in use on the
X.25 network connection.

LCN usage high-water mark This is the maximum number of virtual circuits ever used
on the X.25 network connection.

Note
Freeway does not report LCN statistics for the HDLC protocol ser-
vice.

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106 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

7 OSI Network Service Support

Protogate’s X.25 software supports CCITT-specified DTE facilities for end-to-end sig-
nalling required by the open systems interconnect (OSI) network service. These non-
standard facilities follow a two-byte facility marker in which the code and parameter
bytes are 0 and 15, respectively. Refer to the X.25 Call Service API Guide regarding the
use of non-standard user facilities in the qos parameter of CS API requests.

Each actual facility is coded as described in ANNEX G of the CCITT X.25 recommen-
dation. See the list of references in the Preface to this manual on page 19.

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108 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

8 X.25 Certification

Administrators of non-public X.25 networks (financial or military for example) might

require that DTE equipment be certified prior to permitting its use on their network. In
this case, you might need the assistance of an X.25 expert to assist in the certification
process, and to discuss test results with the certification engineer representing the net-
work provider.

8.1 DCE Emulator Test Equipment

In Protogate’s experience, DCE emulator equipment used to certify DTE X.25 opera-
tion is typically limited in its capacity to recognize valid X.25 protocol behavior that
deviates from expected testable behavior. Consequently, Protogate provides an optional
certification mode configuration parameter (described in Section 10.3.7 on page 164)
to inform Freeway whether or not it is connected to DCE emulator test equipment for
certification so Freeway can accommodate typical limitations in the DCE emulator test
equipment. Although certification mode is primarily intended for use during certifica-
tion of X.25 operations, you can also use it during normal operations.

DCE emulator test equipment might also be sensitive to the configured value of other
normal operational parameters. In particular, the following parameters might be criti-
cal to obtaining successful test results. Additional details regarding each parameter can
be found by referring to this manual’s index.

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8.1.1 Buffer Configuration Parameters

Buffer configuration parameters that might affect X.25 certification results are as
follows:

Segmentation buffers These should be configured so Freeway can provide maximum

flexibility when flow-control negotiation procedures are tested.

Communication buffers These must be large enough to accommodate the configured

value for N1 maximum frame data size.

Virtual Circuit Maximum X.25 station resources do not need to be explicitly config-
ured, but the maximum number of virtual circuits declared during buffer config-
uration must be adequate to ensure availability of at least one SVC station
resource for each logical channel group number (LCGN) used by the DCE emu-
lator test equipment.

8.1.2 Data Link Configuration Parameters

Data link configuration parameters that might affect X.25 certification results are as
follows:

Clock Source This should be set to external, since the ICP hardware is set for external
clock. The DCE emulator must supply the clock.

Frame Modulus This must exactly match the modulus (8 or 128) for which the DCE
emulator is configured. This setting determines whether SABM or SABME is used
to initialize the data link.

Frame Transmit Window Size This must exactly match the maximum number of out-
standing I-frames (k) for which the DCE emulator is configured.

N1 Maximum Frame Data Size Since the DCE emulator might test the maximum
information frame length, the N1 parameter on Freeway must be set to the max-
imum number of bytes in the data field of an X.25 data packet. Freeway automat-

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ically adjusts for the additional bytes required to accommodate the X.25 and
HDLC LAPB protocol headers.

T1 CCITT/ISO Retry Timer If the T1 timer is set too short, then the DTE might trans-
mit a frame with the P-bit set (due to a T1 timeout) when the DCE emulator is
expecting a response to a supervisory REJ frame. The DCE emulator test equip-
ment might then report the receipt of an unexpected frame.

T2 CCITT/ISO Acknowledgment Delay Timer If the T2 timer is set too long, then the
DTE might not transmit acknowledgment within the time frame expected by the
DCE emulator equipment.

T3 ISO Idle Link Timer This timer should not be used when certifying CCITT X.25
operation.

T4 ISO Link Integrity (Keep Alive) Timer This timer should not be used when certi-
fying CCITT X.25 operation.

8.1.3 Multilink Procedures Configuration Parameters

Do not configure MLP unless the DCE emulator expects to see the MLP protocol layer
during testing. Configuration of MLP results in the use of HDLC LAPB frame address
values that are incompatible with non-MLP operation and testing.

8.1.4 Call Service Configuration Parameters

Call service configuration parameters that might affect X.25 certification results are as
follows:

T2X Timers These timers must exactly match the values for which the DCE emulator
is configured.

R2X Retry Limits These retry limits must exactly match the values for which the DCE
emulator is configured.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

LCN Bounds These must exactly match the LCN ranges for which the DCE emulator
is configured.

Flow Control Negotiation This should be enabled only if the DCE emulator supports
and tests flow control negotiation.

REJ Packet Retransmission Support This should not be used unless the DCE emulator
specifically tests DTE use of the REJ packet (not to be confused with REJ frames).

Restarts DTE restarts should be disabled during testing since the transmission of an I-
frame (containing a DTE restart request) immediately following each SABM/UA
exchange might interfere with testing of the HDLC LAPB frame level.

Extended Packet Sequence Numbering This should not be used unless the DCE emu-
lator specifically tests X.25 packet level modulo 128 operation.

X.25 Operation Profile This must correctly identify the specification to which the
DCE emulator expects X.25 operations to conform.

DTE Address Format This must not be configured for TOA/NPI format unless the
DCE emulation specifically tests the X.25 extended DTE addressing.

8.2 Client Software Requirements

Certification of the HDLC LAPB data link layer of X.25 can most often be completed
without the use of client software other than the x25_manager program. However, suc-
cessful certification of the X.25 packet layer requires the user to provide a CS API client
program capable of handling the following X.25 processing requirements:

DCE Call Indication The CS API client program must use the cs_register request to reg-
ister a permanent incoming call handler, must issue the cs_listen request to receive
notification of each incoming call, and must issue the cs_accept request to accept
each incoming call.

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DCE Interrupt Indication The CS API client program must detect and process the
CS_INDX25OOB indication.

DCE Reset Indication The CS API client program must detect and process the
CS_INDX25RSET indication.

DCE Clear Indication The CS API client program must detect and process the
CS_NOCONN indication, then issue another cs_listen request to receive notification
of the next incoming call.

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114 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

9 X.25 MANAGER
Configuration Utility

After installing the Freeway hardware (described in the installation guide for your par-
ticular hardware) and software (described in the Freeway Server User’s Guide), the sys-
tem administrator can use the x25_manager utility to download the X.25/HDLC software
to Freeway and perform configuration and startup in the order shown in Table 9–1.

Table 9–1: X.25 Configuration and Startup Steps

Reference
Step Action Section(s)
1 Download X.25/HDLC software to Freeway Section 9.1
2 Configure buffer and station resource limits Section 9.3.2
3 Configure data links Section 9.3.3 and
Section 9.5
4 Configure X.25 multilink procedures (optional) Section 9.3.4
5 Configure X.25 call service (optional) Section 9.3.5
6 Configure X.25 stations for each data link (optional) Section 9.3.6 and
Section 9.3.7
7 Enable data links Section 9.3.8

Note
For the HDLC MANAGER application, x25_manager supports only
step 3. See Section 9.5.

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Note
The x25_manager utility does not support all Freeway commands.
For example, you cannot perform call-service modem-control-
signal configurations or on-line X.25 facilities registration.

The x25_manager utility uses the CS API to attach and bind to Freeway, and uses standard
terminal and file input/output facilities to provide an interactive user interface. The
x25_manager utility accepts free-form textual commands from the operator’s terminal,
workstation, or a pre-edited text file to configure characteristics of Freeway data links
immediately after the X.25 software has been downloaded to Freeway. The command
syntax uses specific keywords followed by a specification list enclosed in matching left
and right brackets, braces, or parentheses. In some cases, a specification may itself
require an additional specification list.

Four sample configuration command files are provided to show the command syntax
accepted by the program. These programs are located in the freeway/client/ test/x25mgr
directory. Use the svc.setup file (Figure 9–2) before running the x25_svc test program to
verify correct installation of X.25 on Freeway. Figure 9–3 shows the output from run-
ning the svc.setup file. Use the hdlc.setup file (Figure 9–4) before running the hdlc_user test
program to verify correct installation of HDLC on Freeway. Chapter 2 describes how to
use the x25_svc and hdlc_user test programs.

When using the x25_manager utility, keep the following points in mind:

• X25_manager implements a simple on-line help utility in the form of printed feed-
back when it encounters unexpected input.

• Type a question mark followed by a carriage return to get a list of the expected
commands and symbols for the current context.

• You do not need to enter the entire command name; enter just enough letters to
make it unique.

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• Freely use commas, spaces, and carriage returns to separate individual command
elements or specifications.

• Add comments to a command file as shown in Figure 9–2.

• Terminate x25_manager at any time by entering the command quit or exit, or by

holding down the CTRL key and typing C.

• Omit the closing brace, bracket or parenthesis to leave the current command level
open for further specifications.

• The SLP command cancels the previous link configurations, as well as any station
assignments for the link. Therefore, this command must include all the specifica-
tions you wish to configure in one single SLP command, and you must reissue the
PVC or SVC commands associated with that link.

• Similar to the previous item, each MLP, PVC or SVC command should include all
the desired specifications.

• After you first use a third-level LINKS command, x25_manager uses those specified
links for any subsequent commands (at any level) that require a link specification.
Issue another LINKS command to change the current list of links.

• The most common error reported by x25_manager is CS_SVRERR, which usually

indicates a rejection of the command by Freeway. Normally this error is due to
issuing commands in the wrong order or supplying incomplete or invalid specifi-
cations.

• Due to keyboard I/O restrictions on VMS machines, the user must not be con-
nected to the host by means of the VMS sethost command.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

• Figure 9–1 shows how to invoke the help feature of the x25_manager test
program.

x25_manager ?

SIMPACT X.25 MANAGER UTILITY

VI-200-3109: X25CFW 2.2-2 Apr 16 2004
----------------------------
SYNTAX:
x25_manager [config|?] [dbg] [mgr] [setup]

WHERE:
[?] == display this help text
[config] == replacement for cs_config (default == cs_config)
[dbg] == debuglog flag 1=yes, 0=no (default == 0)
[mgr] == manager session in [config] (default == mgr)
[setup] == setup command file (NO DEFAULT)

EXAMPLES:
x25_manager
x25_manager ?
x25_manager cs_config
x25_manager cs_config 1
x25_manager cs_config 0 mgr
x25_manager cs_config 0 mgr svc.setup

Figure 9–1: Help Feature of x25_manager Test Program

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When you type a question mark for help immediately after accessing x25_manager, the
following primary commands appear:

COMMENT
DOWNLOAD
FILE
SAPX25
SAPMLP
SAPSLP
MONITOR

A COMMENT is normally used in a command file as shown in Figure 9–2. Section 9.1
through Section 9.6 discuss the other primary commands.

The following command syntax example opens access to the X.25 protocol service on
Freeway, requests software version data, and leaves access to the X.25 service open:

SAPX25 { VERSION,

Another example shows the use of second- and third-level commands. Under the pri-
mary SAPX25 command, the second-level BUFFERS command supports its own set of
three third-level commands. After the above command syntax has been executed, the
following command syntax configures buffer and virtual circuit resource limits on
Freeway. Note that the closing bracket (]) ends the second-level BUFFERS command, but
the primary SAPX25 command is still open for further specifications.

BUFFERS [ BIG(1024), SMALL(256), CIRCUITS(256) ],

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

COMMENT
(************************************************************
The following command file text may be fed to the X25_MANAGER
sample program to configure X.25 on the Freeway ICP for loopback
testing between odd and even ports.

NOTE: for use with the "x25_svc" program

The configuration may be summarized as follows:

X.25 all even numbered links DTE

X.25 all odd numbered links DCE
************************************************************)

SAPX25
{ COMMENT(BEGIN X.25 SERVICE CONFIGURATION)
VERSION, comment(report X.25 software version data)
BUFFERS
[ COMMENT(CONFIGURE Freeway ICP BUFFERS),
BIG(1024), comment(segmentation buffer size in bytes),
SMALL(512), comment(communication buffer size in bytes),
CIRCUITS(256), comment(maximum number of virtual circuits),
],

COMMENT
(******************************************************
* CONFIGURE EVEN LINKS as DTE under X.25 *
******************************************************)
SLP [ COMMENT(CONFIGURE HDLC LAPB DATA LINKS),
LINKS(0), comment(links for following configuration),
DXE(DTE), comment(DTE or DCE),
EIA(232), comment(232, 449, 530, V35, 188C),
CLOCK(EXTERNAL), comment(INTERNAL, EXTERNAL or X21V11),
MODULUS(8), comment(frame modulus 8 or 128),
WINDOW(7), comment(frame window 1 to modulus-1),
T1(2.0), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
T2(0.1), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
N2(5), comment(1 to 255 retries),
RATE(19200), comment(300 to 128000 baud),
],

Figure 9–2: SVC.SETUP File

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CALLSERVICE
[
DTECALLING(123456789012345), comment(local DTE address),
FASTSELECT(NOTIFY), comment(BAR or NOTIFY),
REVERSE(ACCEPT), comment(BAR or ACCEPT or NOTIFY),
INCOMINGCALLS(NOTIFY), comment(BAR or ACCEPT or NOTIFY),
T20(180), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
T21(200), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
T22(180), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
T23(180), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
R20(2), comment(1 to 255 retries),
R22(2), comment(1 to 255 retries),
R23(2), comment(1 to 255 retries),
TL1(60), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
LCNBOUNDS(0,0,1,255,0,0), comment(LIC, HIC, LTC, HTC, LOC, HOC),
FLOWNEGOTIATION(ACCEPT), comment(BAR or ACCEPT),
RESTARTS(YES), comment(restart on SLP reset NO or YES),
REJ(NO), comment(REJ packet support NO or YES),
MODULUS(8), comment(packet modulus 8 or 128),
X25PROFILE(CCITT1984), comment(CCITT1980,CCITT1984,CCITT1988 or ISO8208),
],

COMMENT
(******************************************************
* CONFIGURE ODD LINKS as DCE under X.25 *
******************************************************)
SLP [ COMMENT(CONFIGURE HDLC LAPB DATA LINKS),
LINKS(1), comment(links for following configuration),
DXE(DCE), comment(DTE or DCE),
EIA(232), comment(232, 449, 530, V35, 188C),
CLOCK(EXTERNAL), comment(INTERNAL, EXTERNAL or X21V11),
MODULUS(8), comment(frame modulus 8 or 128),
WINDOW(7), comment(frame window 1 to modulus-1),
T1(2.0), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
T2(0.1), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
N2(5), comment(1 to 255 retries),
RATE(19200), comment(300 to 128000 baud),
],

Figure 9–2: SVC.SETUP File (Cont’d)

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

CALLSERVICE
[
DTECALLING(123456789012345), comment(local DTE address),
FASTSELECT(NOTIFY), comment(BAR or NOTIFY),
REVERSE(ACCEPT), comment(BAR or ACCEPT or NOTIFY),
INCOMINGCALLS(NOTIFY), comment(BAR or ACCEPT or NOTIFY),
T20(180), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
T21(200), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
T22(180), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
T23(180), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
R20(2), comment(1 to 255 retries),
R22(2), comment(1 to 255 retries),
R23(2), comment(1 to 255 retries),
TL1(60), comment(1 to 255 seconds),
LCNBOUNDS(0,0,1,255,0,0), comment(LIC, HIC, LTC, HTC, LOC, HOC),
FLOWNEGOTIATION(ACCEPT), comment(BAR or ACCEPT),
RESTARTS(YES), comment(restart on SLP reset NO or YES),
REJ(NO), comment(REJ packet support NO or YES),
MODULUS(8), comment(packet modulus 8 or 128),
X25PROFILE(CCITT1984), comment(CCITT1980,CCITT1984,CCITT1988 or ISO8208),
],
COMMENT(END X.25 SERVICE CONFIGURATION)

REQUEST
[ COMMENT(ISSUE LINK CONTROL REQUESTS),
LINKS(0,1),
ENABLE,

COMMENT(LEAVE SAPX25 REQUEST OPEN TO REPORT LINK ACTIVATION EVENTS)

Figure 9–2: SVC.SETUP File (Cont’d)

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SIMPACT Freeway X.25 MANAGER

-----------------------------

: file(svc.setup)
SAPX25{: ICP 6000/9000 COMMUNICATIONS FRONT END PROCESSOR - V1.5
SAPX25{: CCITT/ISO 1984/1988 X.25 SERVICE/XIO 04-JAN-1995 - 3.1.2
SAPX25{BUFFERS[: Configuring buffers.
SAPX25{BUFFERS[: Configured 12 BIG buffers 1024 bytes each.
SAPX25{BUFFERS[: Configured 693 SMALL buffers 512 bytes each.
SAPX25{BUFFERS[: Configured 112 virtual circuit maximum.
SAPX25{SLP[: Configuring SLP 0.
SAPX25{CALLSERVICE[: Configuring CALLSERVICE on SLP 0.
SAPX25{SLP[: Configuring SLP 1.
SAPX25{CALLSERVICE[: Configuring CALLSERVICE on SLP 1.
SAPX25{REQUEST[: Enabling link 0.
SAPX25{REQUEST[: Enabling link 1.

freeway1: Link 0 ONLINE.

freeway1: Link 1 ONLINE.
SAPX25{: exit

Figure 9–3: Output from file(SVC.SETUP) Command

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

COMMENT
(************************************************************
The following command file text may be fed to the X25_MANAGER
sample program to configure HDLC on the Freeway ICP for loopback
testing between odd and even ports.

NOTE: for use with the "hdlc_user" program

The configuration may be summarized as follows:

HDLC links 0, 2, 4, and 6 DTE

HDLC links 1, 3, 5, and 7 DCE
************************************************************)

SAPX25
{
VERSION, comment(report X.25 software version data)
BUFFERS
[ COMMENT(CONFIGURE Freeway ICP BUFFERS),
BIG(0), comment(segmentation buffer size in bytes),
SMALL(1024), comment(communication buffer size in bytes),
]
}
SAPSLP
{ COMMENT(BEGIN HDLC SERVICE CONFIGURATION)
COMMENT
(******************************************************
* CONFIGURE EVEN LINKS as DTE under HDLC *
******************************************************)
SLP [ COMMENT(CONFIGURE HDLC LAPB DATA LINKS),
LINKS(0), comment(links for following configuration),
DXE(DTE), comment(DTE or DCE),
EIA(232), comment(232, 449, 530, V35, 188C),
CLOCK(EXTERNAL), comment(INTERNAL, EXTERNAL or X21V11),
MODULUS(8), comment(frame modulus 8 or 128),
WINDOW(7), comment(frame window 1 to modulus-1),
T1(2.0), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
T2(0.1), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
N2(5), comment(1 to 255 retries),
RATE(19200), comment(300 to 128000 baud),
],

Figure 9–4: HDLC.SETUP File

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COMMENT
(******************************************************
* CONFIGURE ODD LINKS as DCE under HDLC *
******************************************************)
SLP [ COMMENT(CONFIGURE HDLC LAPB DATA LINKS),
LINKS(1), comment(links for following configuration),
DXE(DCE), comment(DTE or DCE),
EIA(232), comment(232, 449, 530, V35, 188C),
CLOCK(EXTERNAL), comment(INTERNAL, EXTERNAL or X21V11),
MODULUS(8), comment(frame modulus 8 or 128),
WINDOW(7), comment(frame window 1 to modulus-1),
T1(2.0), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
T2(0.1), comment(0.1 to 255.9 seconds),
N2(5), comment(1 to 255 retries),
RATE(19200), comment(300 to 128000 baud),
],
} COMMENT(END HDLC SERVICE CONFIGURATION)

Figure 9–4: HDLC.SETUP File (Cont’d)

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

9.1 DOWNLOAD — Download X.25/HDLC Software

The primary DOWNLOAD1 command requests Freeway to download fresh software. This
erases the current configuration and returns Freeway to a known state. At the same
time, all attached application processes are notified via TCP/IP socket failure that access
to Freeway is terminated. Application processes may re-attach to Freeway after the
download operation completes.

9.2 FILE — Execute Configuration Command File

The primary FILE command requests x25_manager to read commands from a specified
ASCII text file. An example of the command syntax is:

FILE (SVC.SETUP)
EXIT Comment(Wait until file completes before exiting)

Figure 9–2 on page 120 shows the svc.setup file which is provided with the Freeway prod-
uct. Figure 9–3 on page 123 shows the output from executing the FILE(SVC.SETUP) com-
mand.

9.3 SAPX25 — X.25 Service Access Point

The primary SAPX25 command gains MANAGER access to Freeway X.25 protocol services
on the current ICP. After SAPX25 access is open, second-level commands configure X.25
services and all underlying MLP and/or SLP services for USER application process use
under CS API control.

The SAPX25 command provides the following help information when you type a ques-
tion mark:

1. The current release of Freeway X.25 does not support the x25_manager DOWNLOAD command.
Instead, refer to the Freeway Server User’s Guide for instructions on downloading.

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SAPX25 {
COMMENT
VERSION
BUFFERS
SLP
MLP
CALLSERVICE
PVC
SVC
REQUEST
}

Each of the following subsections describes the second- and third-level commands sup-
ported by x25_manager within the context of the primary SAPX25 command. The com-
mand and response packet types are shown in parentheses to help cross reference to
other chapters.

9.3.1 VERSION — Report Software Version Data (HVERSION and IVERSION)

The second-level VERSION command displays the X.25 software version information.
An example of the command syntax is:

SAPX25 { VERSION }

9.3.2 BUFFERS — Configure Buffer and Station Resource Limits

(HBUFI and IBUFIC)
Immediately after downloading the X.25 software to the current ICP on Freeway, the
second-level BUFFERS command configures segmentation buffers, communication
buffers, and the maximum number of virtual circuits.

Type a question mark at the BUFFERS command level to display the following help
information:

BUFFERS [
COMMENT
BIG
SMALL
CIRCUITS
]

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

The complete BUFFER command syntax is:

SAPX25 { BUFFERS [ BIG(1024), SMALL(256), CIRCUITS(256) ] }

9.3.2.1 BIG — Segmentation Buffer Size

The allowed value for the BIG command is 0–8192 bytes and must be a multiple of 64.
The default is 0 which disables segmentation.

9.3.2.2 CIRCUITS — Maximum Number of Virtual Circuits

The allowed value for the CIRCUITS command is 1–1024. The default is 256.

9.3.2.3 SMALL — Communication Buffer Size

The allowed value for the SMALL command is 64– 81921 bytes, and must be a multiple of
64. The default is 256 bytes.

9.3.3 SLP — Configure SLP Data Links (HCONFIG)

The second-level SLP command configures all data links specified by the latest LINKS
command.

Type a question mark at the SLP command level to display the following help informa-
tion:

SLP [
COMMENT
LINKS
DXE
CLOCK
MODULUS
WINDOW
SIZE
T1

1. The communication buffer size must not exceed the segmentation buffer size when segmentation
is enabled.

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T2
T3
T4
N2
RATE
GAP
RAW_HDLC
SREJ
EIA
CUSTOMADDRESS
]

An example of the SLP command syntax is:

SAPX25 { SLP [ LINKS(0,2,4,6), DXE(DTE), CLOCK(EXTERNAL),

MODULUS(8), WINDOW(7), SIZE(256), T1(2.0),
T2(0.1), N2(5), RATE(64000) ] }

Note
Because the SLP command cancels any previous link configura-
tions, it must always be issued as a complete command with all
desired specifications.

9.3.3.1 CLOCK — Clock Source

The allowed value for the CLOCK command is INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, or X21V11. The clock
source must be specified, and there is no default.

Note
The Freeway hardware is default configured for external clock. If
you need to set internal clock, call the Protogate customer support
number given in the Preface on page 24.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

9.3.3.2 CUSTOMADDRESS — HDLC Custom Addressing Mode

In the atypical situation where the default addresses (3,1) are not appropriate, the
CUSTOMADDRESS command specifies the remote address and the local address, in that
order.

9.3.3.3 DXE — HDLC Addressing Mode

The allowed value for the DXE command is DTE or DCE. The default is DTE.

9.3.3.4 EIA — Electrical Interface

The allowed value for the EIA command is 232, 449, 530, V35, or 188C. There is no default.
Software-selectable EIA configuration is supported on the ICP2424 and ICP2432 only.
The ICP6000 disregards this option because EIA is determined by the hardware.

9.3.3.5 GAP — Interframe Gap

The allowed value for the GAP command is 0–255. The default is 0. The specification
configures the minimum number of flags between frames on the data link. This com-
mand is only supported on high-speed ICPs such as the ICP2424 and ICP2432.

9.3.3.6 LINKS — Data Link IDs

The LINKS command specifies a list of data links to be used by all subsequent commands
that require a link specification, until the LINKS command is reissued. The allowed val-
ues are 0 through n–1, where n is the number of links on the current ICP.

9.3.3.7 MODULUS — SLP Frame Modulus

The allowed value for the MODULUS command is 8 or 128. The default is 8.

9.3.3.8 N2 — Retry Limit (for T1 Timer)

The allowed value for the N2 command is 1–255. The default is 10.

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9.3.3.9 RATE — Data Rate

The standard values for the RATE command are 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200,
38400, 56000, 57600, or 64000. A custom data rate may be specified; however, Freeway
cannot guarantee the accuracy of non-standard data rates. See Section 3.4.3 on page 54.

The data rate must be specified (even if the configured clock source is EXTERNAL), and
there is no default.

9.3.3.10 RAW_HDLC — Raw HDLC Option

The allowed values for the RAW_HDLC command are YES or NO. The default is NO. See
Section 11.2 on page 192 for information on this non-standard HDLC option.

9.3.3.11 SIZE — Frame Data Size

The allowed value for the SIZE command ranges from 64 bytes up to the communica-
tion buffer size. The default is the communication buffer size.

9.3.3.12 SREJ — Selective Reject Option

The allowed values for the SREJ command are YES or NO. The default is NO. See
Section 11.2 on page 192 for information on this non-standard HDLC option.

9.3.3.13 T1 — CCITT/ISO Retry Timer

The allowed value for the T1 command is 0.1–255.9 seconds. The default is 2.0 seconds.

9.3.3.14 T2 — CCITT/ISO Acknowledgment Delay Timer

The allowed value for the T2 command is 0.0–255.9 seconds. The default is 0.1 seconds.

9.3.3.15 T3 — ISO Idle Link Timer

The allowed value for the T3 command is 0.0–255.9 seconds. The default is 0.0 (no timer
active).

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

9.3.3.16 T4 — ISO Link Integrity (Keep Alive) Timer

The allowed value for the T4 command is 0.0–255.9 seconds. The default is 0.0 (no timer
active).

9.3.3.17 WINDOW — Frame Transmit Window

The allowed value for the WINDOW command is 1–7 if the frame modulus is 8, or 1–127
if the frame modulus is 128. The default is 7.

9.3.4 MLP — Configure Multilink Procedures Over Data Link(s) (HCONMLP)

The second-level MLP command configures a multilink procedure to control all data
links specified by the previous SLP[LINKS] command.

Type a question mark at the MLP command level to display the following help informa-
tion:

MLP [
COMMENT
MT1
MT2
MT3
MW
MX
]

Note
The MLP command should be issued as a complete command with
all desired specifications.

An example of the complete MLP command syntax is:

SAPX25 { MLP [ MT1(60), MT2(60), MT3(15), MW(200), MX(200) ] }

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9.3.4.1 MT1 — Lost Frame Timer

The allowed value for the MT1 command is 1–255 seconds.

9.3.4.2 MT2 — Group Busy Timer

The allowed value for the MT2 command is 1–255 seconds.

9.3.4.3 MT3 — Reset Confirmation Timer

The allowed value for the MT3 command is 1–255 seconds.

9.3.4.4 MW — Multilink Window Size

The allowed value for the MW command is 1–2048. The MW value must be the same for
both the DTE and the DCE. It should be larger than the product of the number of data
links and the configured frame transmit window size. See Section 3.5.4 on page 65.

9.3.4.5 MX — Receive Window Guard Region Size

The allowed value for the MX command is 1 to 2048 minus MW. The value for MX should
not exceed the value for MW, and the sum of MX and MW cannot exceed 4095. See
Section 3.5.5 on page 65.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

9.3.5 CALLSERVICE — Configure X.25 Call Service(HCSCON)

The second-level CALLSERVICE command configures call service parameters for all data
links specified by the latest LINKS command.

Type a question mark at the CALLSERVICE command level to display the following help
information:

CALLSERVICE [
COMMENT
DTECALLING
FASTSELECT
REVERSE
INCOMINGCALLS
T20
T21
T22
T23
T24
T25
T26
T27
T28
R20
R22
R23
R25
R27
R28
TL1
LCNBOUNDS
FLOWNEGOTIATION
RESTARTS
REJ
MODULUS
X25PROFILE
DTEADDRESSLENGTH
CERTMODE
TOANPIDTEADDRESSFORMAT ]

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An example of the CALLSERVICE command syntax is:

SAPX25 { CALLSERVICE [ DTECALLING(123456789012345),

FASTSELECT(NOTIFY), FLOWNEGOTIATION(ACCEPT),
INCOMINGCALLS(NOTIFY), LCNBOUNDS(0,0,1,255,0,0),
MODULUS(8), R20(2), R22(2), R23(2), R28(2), REJ(NO),
RESTARTS(YES), REVERSE(ACCEPT), T20(180), T21(200),
T22(180), T23(180), T28(50), TL1(60),
X25PROFILE(CCITT1984) ] }

Note
Unlike some other commands, the CALLSERVICE command does
not have to be issued as a complete single command, and it does
not cancel previous call service configurations. You can change
individual specifications dynamically.

9.3.5.1 DTECALLING — Calling DTE Address

The allowed value for the DTECALLING command is an ASCII string 1–15 characters
long.

9.3.5.2 FASTSELECT — Fast Select

The allowed value for the FASTSELECT command is BAR or NOTIFY. The default is
NOTIFY.

9.3.5.3 FLOWNEGOTIATION — Flow Control Negotiation

The allowed value for the FLOWNEGOTIATION command is BAR or ACCEPT. The default is
BAR.

9.3.5.4 INCOMINGCALLS — Incoming Calls

The allowed value for the INCOMINGCALLS command is BAR, ACCEPT or NOTIFY. The
default is ACCEPT.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

9.3.5.5 LCNBOUNDS — Logical Channel Types Ranges

The LCNBOUNDS command has six specifications in the order of LIC, HIC, LTC, HTC,
LOC and HOC. See Section 3.6.8 on page 72 for details. The defaults are 0, 0, 1, 4095, 0
and 0, respectively.

9.3.5.6 MODULUS — Packet Modulus

The allowed value for the MODULUS command is 8 or 128. The default is 8. This com-
mand configures extended packet sequence numbering.

9.3.5.7 R20 — Retry Limit for T20 Timer

The allowed value for the R20 command is 1–255. The default is 2.

9.3.5.8 R22 — Retry Limit for T22 Timer

The allowed value for the R22 command is 1–255. The default is 2.

9.3.5.9 R23 — Retry Limit for T23 Timer

The allowed value for the R23 command is 1–255. The default is 2.

9.3.5.10 R25 — Retry Limit for T25 Timer

The allowed value for the R25 command (if supported) is 1–255. The default is 1.

9.3.5.11 R27 — Retry Limit for T27 Timer

The allowed value for the R27 command (if supported) is 1–255. The default is 1.

9.3.5.12 R28 — Retry Limit for T28 Timer

The allowed value for the R28 command (if supported) is 1–255. The default is 2.

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9.3.5.13 REJ — DTE REJ Packet Support

The allowed value for the REJ command is YES or NO. The default is NO.

9.3.5.14 RESTARTS — Restart on SLP/MLP Initialization

The allowed value for the RESTARTS command is YES or NO. The default is NO.

9.3.5.15 REVERSE — Reverse Charge

The allowed value for the REVERSE command is BAR, ACCEPT or NOTIFY. The default is
ACCEPT.

9.3.5.16 T20 — CCITT/ISO Restart Request Timer

The allowed value for the T20 command is 1–255 seconds. The default is 180.

9.3.5.17 T21 — CCITT/ISO Call Request Timer

The allowed value for the T21 command is 1–255 seconds. The default is 200.

9.3.5.18 T22 — CCITT/ISO Reset Request Timer

The allowed value for the T22 command is 1–255 seconds. The default is 180.

9.3.5.19 T23 — CCITT/ISO Clear Request Timer

The allowed value for the T23 command is 1–255 seconds. The default is 180.

9.3.5.20 T24 — ISO Window Status Transmission Timer

The allowed value for the T24 command (if supported) is 1–255 seconds. By default the
T24 timer is disabled.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

9.3.5.21 T25 — ISO Window Rotation Timer

The allowed value for the T25 command (if supported) is 1–255 seconds. By default the
T25 timer is disabled.

9.3.5.22 T26 — ISO Interrupt Response Timer

The allowed value for the T26 command (if supported) is 1–255 seconds. By default the
T26 timer is disabled.

9.3.5.23 T27 — ISO Reject Response Timer

The allowed value for the T27 command (if supported) is 1–255 seconds. By default the
T27 timer is disabled.

9.3.5.24 T28 — CCITT/ISO Registration Request Timer

The allowed value for the T28 command (if supported) is 0.1–25.5 minutes. The default
is 5.0.

9.3.5.25 TL1 — Link Activation Timer

The allowed value for the TL1 command is 1–255 seconds. The default is 180.

9.3.5.26 X25PROFILE — X.25 Operation Profile

The allowed value for the X25PROFILE command is CCITT1980, CCITT1984, CCITT1988, or
ISO8208. The default is CCITT1984. The UNRESTRICTED profile is not supported by
x25_manager.

9.3.5.27 DTEADDRESSLENGTH — Local DTE Address Length

The DTEADDRESSLENGTH command specifies the length of the portion of the local DTE
address that excludes the DTE subaddress field. The allowed value is 0–15. The default
is 0.

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9.3.5.28 CERTMODE — Certification Mode

The value for the CERTMODE command is YES or NO. The default is NO.

9.3.5.29 TOANPIDTEADDRESSFORMAT — DTE Address Format

The TOANPIDTEADDRESSFORMAT command specifies whether or not the type of address

(TOA) numbering plan identification (NPI) DTE address format is supported. The
value for this command is YES or NO. The default is NO.

9.3.6 PVC — Configure X.25 PVC Station (HCONFIG)

The second-level PVC command configures station parameters over an MLP (if one was
configured) or over the first link specified by the previous SLP[LINKS] command.

If you are configuring an MLP, one PVC command is sufficient to configure station
parameters for the first link specified by the previous SLP[LINKS] command.

If you are configuring station parameters for multiple SLPs, configure each SLP sepa-
rately with the SLP[LINKS(n), ...] command, followed by a PVC command for that link.

Type a question mark at the PVC command level to display the following help informa-
tion:

PVC [
COMMENT
STATION
WINDOW
LCN
]

Note
The PVC command should be issued as a complete command with
all desired specifications.

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An example of a complete PVC command syntax is:

SAPX25 { PVC [ STATION(1), WINDOW(7), LCN(1) ] }

9.3.6.1 STATION — Station Identifier

The allowed value for the STATION command is 1–n, where n is the configured virtual
circuit maximum (Section 9.3.2.2).

9.3.6.2 WINDOW — Packet Window Size

The allowed value for the WINDOW command is 1–7 (if the packet MODULUS is 8) or 1–127
(if the packet MODULUS is 128). The default is 2. See Section 9.3.5.6 for the entry range
and default of Packet Modulus.

9.3.6.3 LCN — PVC Logical Channel Number

The allowed value for the LCN command is 1–4095, which is the composite LCN/LCGN
value.

9.3.7 SVC — Configure X.25 SVC Station (HCONFIG)

The second-level SVC command configures station parameters for the first link speci-
fied by the previous SLP[LINKS] command.

If you are configuring an MLP, one SVC command is sufficient to configure station
parameters for the first link specified by the previous SLP[LINKS] command.

If you are configuring station parameters for multiple SLPs, configure each SLP sepa-
rately with the SLP[LINKS(n), ...] command, followed by an SVC command for that link.

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Type a question mark at the SVC command level to display the following help informa-
tion:

SVC [
COMMENT
STATION
WINDOW
LCGN
]

Note
The SVC command should be issued as a complete command with
all desired specifications.

An example of a complete SVC command syntax is:

SAPX25 { SVC [ STATION(32), WINDOW(7), LCGN(0) ] }

9.3.7.1 STATION — Station Identifier

The allowed value for the STATION command is 1–n, where n is the configured virtual
circuit maximum (Section 9.3.2.2).

9.3.7.2 WINDOW — Packet Window Size

The allowed value for the WINDOW command is 1–7 (if the packet MODULUS is 8) or 1–127
(if the packet MODULUS is 128). The default is 2. See Section 9.3.5.6.

9.3.7.3 LCGN — SVC Logical Channel Group Number

The allowed value for the LCGN command is 0–15.

9.3.8 REQUEST — Request Link Control Operation

The second-level REQUEST command enables, disables or displays statistics for the data
links specified by the latest LINKS command.

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Type a question mark at the REQUEST command level to display the following help
information:

REQUEST [
COMMENT
LINKS
ENABLE
DISABLE
SAMPLESTATISTICS
READSTATISTICS
CLEARSTATISTICS
LSAMPLESTATISTICS
LREADSTATISTICS
]

An example of a REQUEST command syntax is:

SAPX25 { REQUEST [ LINKS(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7), ENABLE ] }

9.3.8.1 ENABLE — Enable SLP Data Link(s) (HENABLE and IENABLE)

The third-level ENABLE command enables all data links specified by the latest LINKS
command. This command is available only for SAPX25.

9.3.8.2 DISABLE — Disable SLP Data Link(s) (HDISABLE and IDISABLE)

The third-level DISABLE command disables all data links specified by the latest LINKS
command.This command is available only for SAPX25.

9.3.8.3 SAMPLESTATISTICS — Sample SLP Data Link(s) Statistics

(HSTATS_SAMPLE and ISTATS)
The third-level SAMPLESTATISTICS command generates a report of the current statistics
for all data links specified by the latest LINKS command. Freeway does not clear the sta-
tistics.

9.3.8.4 READSTATISTICS — Read/Clear SLP Data Link(s) Statistics

(HSTATS and ISTATS)

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The third-level READSTATISTICS command generates a report of the current statistics for
all data links specified by the latest LINKS command. Freeway then clears the statistics.

9.3.8.5 CLEARSTATISTICS — Clear SLP Data Link(s) Statistics

(HSTATS_CLEAR)
The third-level CLEARSTATISTICS command clears the current statistics for all data links
specified by the latest LINKS command, but Freeway does not report the statistics.

9.3.8.6 LSAMPLESTATISTICS — Sample 32-bit SLP Data Link(s) Statistics

(HSTATS_32BIT_SAMPLE and ISTATS_32BIT)
The third-level LSAMPLESTATISTICS command generates a report of the current 32-bit
statistics for all data links specified by the latest LINKS command. Freeway does not clear
the statistics.

9.3.8.7 LREADSTATISTICS — Read/Clear 32-bit SLP Data Link(s) Statistics

(HSTATS_32BIT and ISTATS_32BIT)
The third-level LREADSTATISTICS command generates a report of the current 32-bit sta-
tistics for all data links specified by the latest LINKS command. Freeway then clears the
statistics.

9.4 SAPMLP — Multilink Procedure Service Access Point

The primary SAPMLP command gains MANAGER application access to the Freeway MLP
protocol services directly rather than through the X.25 SAPX25 command. Since Proto-
gate currently provides CS API support for X.25 and HDLC only, this command should
not be used. If MLP support under X.25 is desired, the MLP should be configured after
using the SAPX25 command to access Freeway X.25 protocol services.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

9.5 SAPSLP — HDLC LAPB Service Access Point

The primary SAPSLP command gains MANAGER application access to the Freeway
HDLC LAPB single link procedure (SLP) protocol services directly rather than through
the X.25 SAPX25 and/or SAPMLP commands. After SAPSLP access is open, second-level
commands configure individual HDLC data links for USER application process use
under CS API control.

The SAPSLP command provides the following help information when you type a ques-
tion mark:

SAPSLP {
COMMENT
SLP
REQUEST
}

The second-level SLP command is identical to the corresponding SAPX25 SLP com-
mand (Section 9.3.3). The REQUEST command provides the following help information
when you type a question mark:

REQUEST [
COMMENT
LINKS
SAMPLESTATISTICS
READSTATISTICS
CLEARSTATISTICS
LSAMPLESTATISTICS
LREADSTATISTICS
]

These third-level commands are identical to the corresponding SAPX25 REQUEST com-
mands (Section 9.3.8).

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Note
The HDLC MANAGER application cannot enable or disable data
links. Instead, the HDLC USER application enables a data link by
issuing a cs_connect request, and disables a data link by issuing a
cs_disconnect request.

9.6 MONITOR — X.25 HDLC Data Link Monitor

The primary MONITOR command gains MANAGER access to the Freeway diagnostic ser-
vice-access point to prepare for monitoring protocol operation on a specified data link.

The MONITOR command provides the following help information when you type a ques-
tion mark:

MONITOR {
LINKS
BRIEF
FULL
EXCEPTIONS
}

An example of the MONITOR command syntax is:

MONITOR { LINKS(O), BRIEF

Note that the closing brace is omitted. This is because specification of a closing brace
would terminate the MONITOR command, stopping all data link monitoring immedi-
ately.

Figure 9–5 shows a sample of MONITOR command report data. The report includes time-
stamped reports of monitoring ON/OFF events, modem signal ON/OFF transitions,
frames and packets sent by the DTE, frames and packets received from the DCE, and
frame transfer error status. The reports are designed to show clearly the contents of each
X.25 frame and packet header field. Data fields (when present) are shown in both hexa-
decimal and ASCII formats.

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TIME-STAMP LINK FRAME NS NR MLP MOD QDM LCN PACKET PS PR ERR

104.150 ***0 ON
123.900 DTR0 ON
123.903 DSR0 ON
123.907 DCD0 ON
123.913 DCE0 1 DM
124.003 RTS0 ON
124.003 CTS0 ON
124.006 DTE0 1 SABM P
124.015 DCE0 1 UA F
124.045 DCE0 3 I 0 0 8 001 CALL
0000: 11 19 00 ...
124.055 DCE0 3 I 1 0 8 002 CALL
0000: 11 19 00 ...
124.057 DTE0 1 I 0 1 8 001 CONNECT
0000: 00 00 ..
124.064 DCE0 3 I 2 0 8 003 CALL
0000: 11 19 00 ...
124.066 DTE0 1 I 1 2 8 002 CONNECT
0000: 00 00 ..
124.080 DTE0 1 I 2 3 8 003 CONNECT
0000: 00 00 ..
124.156 DCE0 1 RR 3
125.041 DTE0 1 I 3 3 8 001 DATA 512 0 0
125.051 DCE0 3 I 3 3 8 001 DATA 512 0 0
125.474 DTE0 1 I 4 3 8 002 DATA 512 0 0
125.485 DCE0 3 I 4 3 8 002 DATA 512 0 0
125.908 DTE0 1 I 5 3 8 003 DATA 512 0 0
125.918 DCE0 3 I 5 4 8 003 DATA 512 0 0
126.341 DTE0 1 I 6 4 8 001 DATA 512 1 0
126.351 DCE0 3 I 6 5 8 001 DATA 512 1 0
126.774 DTE0 1 I 7 5 8 002 DATA 512 1 0
126.785 DCE0 3 I 7 6 8 002 DATA 512 1 0
127.208 DTE0 1 I 0 6 8 003 DATA 512 1 0
127.218 DCE0 3 I 0 7 8 003 DATA 512 1 0
127.641 DTE0 1 I 1 7 8 001 DATA 512 2 0
127.652 DCE0 3 I 1 0 8 001 DATA 512 2 0

Figure 9–5: Sample MONITOR Report

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The monitor output format contains 13 named display fields. Some named display
fields contain unnamed display subfields. A description of each display field and sub-
field follows.

TIME-STAMP This field displays a 32-bit millisecond time stamp as seconds

and milliseconds (ssssssss.mmm).

LINK This field contains two subfields showing the event type and
link number. The link number appears as a digit following the
event type. Event types appear as one of the following three-let-
ter identifiers:

*** Transition on monitor function

CTS Transition on clear to send

DCD Transition on data carrier detect

DCE Frame/packet received from DCE

DSR Transition on data set ready

DTE Frame/packet sent by DTE

DTR Transition on data terminal ready

RTS Transition on request to send

FRAME When the LINK event type is DCE or DTE, the FRAME field
contains three subfields that show the frame address, frame
type, and P/F bit state (the appropriate letter P or F appears
when the P/F bit is set).

When the LINK event type is ***, CTS, DCD, DSR, DTR, or
RTS, the FRAME field identifies whether the new transition
state is ON or OFF. A transition of the monitor function to
OFF indicates the start of a gap in reported data.

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

NS When the FRAME type is I (meaning I-frame), the NS field

shows the send sequence number in the frame; otherwise the
field is blank.

NR When the FRAME type is I, RR, RNR, REJ, or SREJ, the NR

field shows the acknowledging receive sequence number in the
frame; otherwise the field is blank.

MLP When MLP operations are enabled and an I-frame contains an

MLP or X.25 packet, the MLP field contains a hexadecimal
dump of the MLP protocol header; otherwise the field is blank.

MOD When an I-frame contains an X.25 packet, the MOD field

shows the X.25 packet modulus value extracted from the X.25
packet header; otherwise the field is blank.

QDM When an I-frame contains an X.25 packet, the QDM field

shows the X.25 packet A/Q-bit, D-bit, M-bit values extracted
from the X.25 packet header. The indicator letters A, Q, D, or
M are used in combination to show which (if any) of these bits
are set in the X.25 packet header; otherwise the field is blank.

LCN When an I-frame contains an X.25 packet, the LCN field shows
the hexadecimal LCGN/LCN value from the packet header;
otherwise the field is blank.

PACKET When an I-frame contains an X.25 packet, the PACKET field

show the packet type as CALL, CLEAR, CLEAR_C, CON-
NECT, DIAG, INT, INT_C, REJ, RESET, RESET_C, RGSTR,
RGSTR_C, RNR, RR, RSTRT, RSTRT_C, or DATAnnnn
(where “nnnn” is the number of bytes in the data field). Any
unknown packet type is shown in hexadecimal.

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PS When the PACKET type is DATA, the PS field shows the send
sequence number in the packet; otherwise the field is blank.

PR When the PACKET type is DATA, RR, RNR, or REJ, the PR

field shows the acknowledging receive sequence number in the
packet; otherwise the field is blank.

ERR When the LINK event is DTE, this field is blank or reports an
abnormal frame transmit status as follows:

WDT Transmit timeout

ABT Transmit abort

UNR Transmit underrun

When the LINK event is DCE, the ERR field is blank or reports
an abnormal frame receive status as follows:

FCS Frame check sequence error

ABT Receive abort

OVR Receiver overrun

SIZ Received frame oversize

Packet data contents (when reported) appear on additional lines as 16 bytes per line,
shown in hexadecimal and ASCII formats. In the ASCII printout, the high-order bit is
ignored, and all non-printing ASCII characters except spaces are printed as periods.

If the monitor report data is output too slowly, it may not keep up with the actual
Freeway data link operations. In this case, the report format indicates monitoring gaps
by showing when monitoring is temporarily turned OFF then ON again.

Monitoring gaps may be reduced by monitoring only one link at a time and by redirect-
ing monitor output to a file. Monitor data may be captured to a file by redirecting the

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

standard error output device (stderr) to the desired file or by capturing workstation
screen output to a log file.

9.6.1 LINKS — Select Monitored Data Links

The secondary LINKS command specifies a list of data links to be monitored. The
allowed values are 0–7. Monitoring of more than one link at a time is not recom-
mended.

9.6.2 BRIEF — Select Brief Monitoring Format

The secondary BRIEF command disables reporting of X.25 data packet data fields. The
contents of X.25 data packet frame and packet headers, and the data fields for all other
packets are still reported. This is the default format if no monitoring format specifica-
tion is supplied.

9.6.3 FULL — Select Full Monitoring Format

The secondary FULL command enables reporting of X.25 data packet data fields. The
contents of X.25 data packet frame and packet headers are also reported.

Since FULL format radically increases the volume of monitoring report output, it
increases the likelihood that gaps will appear in the report data. The FULL format should
only be used when knowledge of the data field contents in data packets is required.

9.6.4 EXCEPTIONS — Select Exception Event Monitoring

The secondary EXCEPTIONS command enables reporting of exception events only. Most
normal events are screened out of the report stream on the ICP, so that only unusual
events such as modem signal transitions, data link resets and I/O errors, and X.25
packet anomalies are reported.

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10 Freeway X.25 Call Service

Application Program
Interface
This chapter documents the MANAGER application access to Freeway using Protogate’s
Call Service Application Program Interface (CS API). Freeway supports two classes of
application:

USER applications This class accesses Freeway X.25 virtual circuits for data transfer.
Freeway supports multiple USER applications simultaneously. To implement the
USER application data transfer functions, refer to the X.25 Call Service API Guide.

MANAGER application This class accesses Freeway X.25 or HDLC LAPB protocol
services to exercise complete control over Freeway configuration and manage-
ment options described in Chapter 3 through Chapter 6. Freeway permits a max-
imum of one MANAGER application per data link. Freeway also permits one
MANAGER application to configure several data links, but protects against conten-
tion for control of links.

The application programmer can use Protogate’s CS API to perform the MANAGER
application configuration and startup steps (Table 10–1) prior to implementing USER
application data transfer. Figure 10–1 illustrates the X.25 sequence. Figure 10–2 is the
configuration sequence for HDLC.

Note
For the HDLC MANAGER application, only steps 2 and 4 are sup-
ported. Step 4 is limited to configuration of the TL1 timer and
modem control signal options.

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Table 10–1: X.25 MANAGER Application Configuration and Startup

Step Action Reference Section

1 Configure buffer and station resource limits Section 10.3.6
2 Configure data links Section 10.3.4.1
3 Configure X.25 multilink procedures (optional) Section 10.3.8
4 Configure X.25 call service (optional) Section 10.3.7
5 Configure X.25 stations for each data link (optional) Section 10.3.4.2
6 Enable data links Section 10.3.2
7 Register Facilities with the network DCE (optional) Section 10.3.15

10.1 MANAGER Application CS API Usage

The MANAGER application must attach and bind to the X.25 or HDLC protocol service
access point (SAP) on Freeway before it can issue configuration requests. Protogate’s
CS API provides cs_attach and cs_bind requests for this purpose. The access mode in the
DLI configuration file must specify MGR. MANAGER application access to the SAP con-
tinues until the application issues a cs_unbind or cs_detach request, or terminates abnor-
mally.

To send commands to Freeway, the MANAGER application issues cs_write requests speci-
fying the header and data information described in each of the following sections. The
cs_read request receives responses from Freeway.

The most common error response from the CS API is CS_SVRERR, which usually indi-
cates a rejection of the packet by Freeway. Normally this response is due to incorrect
operation of the host program, such as issuing commands in the wrong order or incor-
rectly specifying header or data information. The programmer should correct the situ-
ation that causes the rejection.

For details on the CS API requests and error codes, refer to the X.25 Call Service API
Guide.

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Host Freeway
download X.25 to Freeway

initialize buffers (HBUFI, 37)

buffers initialized (IBUFIC, 38)

configure link 0 (HCONFIG, 27)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

.
.
.
configure link n (HCONFIG, 27)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

configure MLP (HCONMLP, 45)

optio nal acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

configure call service, link 0 (HCSCON, 43)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

.
.
optio nal .
configure call service, link n (HCSCON, 43)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

configure station 1, link 0 (HCONFIG, 27)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

.
optional .
.
configure station m, link n (HCONFIG, 27)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

Figure 10–1: X.25 Startup Sequence

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Host Freeway
enable link 0 (HENABLE, 23)
.
.
.
enable link n (HENABLE, 23)

link 0 active (IENABLE, 24)

.
.
.
link n active (IENABLE, 24)

facilities registration request, no data (HREGRQ, 71)

facilities registration confirmation (IREGCON, 72)

optio nal
facilities registration request with data (HREGRQ, 71)

facilities registration confirmation (IREGCON, 72)

Figure 10–1: X.25 Startup Sequence (Cont’d)

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Host Freeway
download X.25/HDLC to Freeway

initialize buffers (HBUFI, 37)

X.25 SAP
(optional) buffers initialized (IBUFIC, 38)

configure link 0 (HCONFIG, 27)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

.
HDLC SAP .
.
configure link n (HCONFIG, 27)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

link 0 TL1 timer and modem control (HCSCON, 43)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

.
HDLC SAP .
(optional) .
link n TL1 timer and modem control (HCSCON, 43)

acknowledge (IACKNOWLEDGE, 62)

Figure 10–2: HDLC Configuration Sequence

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10.2 Freeway Command or Response Packet Format

Freeway command or response packet contains 16 bytes of header information,
referred to as the SAP header (see the CS API header file cs_struct.h), plus data of variable
length.

command
modifier
link1
circuit
session
sequence
reserved1
reserved2

10.3 MANAGER Application Packets Sent to Freeway

To send command packets to Freeway, the MANAGER application uses the CS API
cs_write request and sets the buf_length parameter to the total number of bytes, which
includes the 16-byte SAP header plus the size of the data which is variable.
Section 10.3.2 through Section 10.3.17 describe the format of the command packets.

10.3.1 HSTATS_32BIT_SAMPLE (15) — Sample Statistics

Use this command to request Freeway to report the current statistics for a specified link
without altering them. To clear the statistics after reading them, use the
HSTATS_32BIT (51) command. Freeway responds to a HSTATS_32BIT_SAMPLE command
with an ISTATS_32BIT (16) packet.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HSTATS_32BIT_SAMPLE (15)

modifier 0

1. The link ranges from 0 through n-1, where n is the actual number of links supported by the ICP on
Freeway. ICPs support either 8 or 16 data links each.

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link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)

circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.2 HENABLE (23) — Host Enable Link

Use this command to enable an X.25 data link after you have configured the link, call
service parameters, and associated stations. The expected Freeway response is an IEN-
ABLE (24) packet. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this command.

Each link must be enabled separately. The application program must wait for the
IENABLE confirmation packet from Freeway before the USER application can start data
transfer or call placement on that link. When using an MLP, the application program
must wait for the IENABLE confirmation for at least one of the MLP’s SLPs before starting
data transfer.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HENABLE (23)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.3 HDISABLE (25) — Host Disable Link

Use this command to disable an X.25 link. The expected Freeway response is an IDIS-
ABLE (26) packet. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this command.

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The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HDISABLE (25)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.4 HCONFIG (27) — Configure Link or Station

Use this command to configure either a data link, or an X.25 station resource for a par-
ticular data link. The expected Freeway response is an IACKNOWLEDGE (62) packet.

The two configuration methods are described in the following sections.

10.3.4.1 Configure Link

Use this command to configure an X.25 or HDLC data link. If you send a HCONFIG
packet while the link is enabled, the CS API returns an error.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HCONFIG (27)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data size which is vari-
able. The data format is as follows:

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The first 16-bit word following the SAP header must contain the following specifica-
tions:

word 0: Bits 0–3: nominal data rate (see Table 10–2)

Bit 4: addressing (0 = DTE (default), 1 = DCE)
Bit 5: 0
Bit 6: clock (1 = external (required))
Bit 7: 0
Bits 8–15: 0

Table 10–2: Nominal Data Rate

Value of
bits 0–3 Data rate
0 Custom ratea
1 reserved
2 reserved
3 reserved
4 reserved
5 300
6 600
7 1200
8 2400
9 4800
10 9600
11 19200
12 38400
13 56000
14 57600
15 64000
a Other data rates may be speci-

fied by using the custom data rate

function (6) in the packet data area.

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In addition, the data area may contain the following optional information for setting
link configuration parameters, listed in ascending function code order. Each optional
specification consists of a set of two or three 16-bit word values.

word 0: SFWSIZE1 (1)

word 1: Frame transmit window size (1–7 or 1–127 extended) (Default is 7)

word 0: SDATSIZE (2)

word 1: Maximum frame data size in bytes (64 through the configured
communication buffer size) (Default is the comm. buffer size)

word 0: ST1TIME2 (3)

word 1: T1 timer value, where bits 0–7 = seconds (0–255)
Bits 8–15 = tenths (0–9) (Default is 2.0 seconds.)

word 0: SN2 (4)

word 1: N2 retry limit value (1–255) (Default is 10)

word 0: ENCODING (5)

word 1: Bit encoding format value (0 = NRZ (default), 1 = NRZI)

word 0: DATARATE3 (6)

words 1–2: Custom data rate value (longword)

word 0: ST2TIME4 (7)

word 1: T2 timer value, where bits 0–7 = seconds (0–255)
Bits 8–15 = tenths (0–9) (Default is 0.1 seconds.)

word 0: LAPB_MODULUS (8)

word 1: Frame modulus value (0 = mod 8 (default) 1 = extended mod 128)

1. Frame transmit window size must be compatible with the frame modulus (function 8).
2. A T1 timer value of 2.0 seconds may be insufficient at data rates below 9.6 kb/s. Protogate recom-
mends a T1 timer value of three to four times the transmission time of the longest packet.
3. Specify a custom data rate only when the nominal data rate is not indicated.
4. The T2 value for the DTE must be sufficiently less than the T1 value for the DCE to ensure that
delaying DTE transmission of acknowledgments by T2 seconds will not cause a T1 timeout in the DCE

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word 0: CUSTOM_ADDRESS (9)

word 1: Local SLP address
word 2: Remote SLP address

word 0: INTEGRITY_TIMER (10)

word 1: T4 integrity check timer value, where bits 0–7 = seconds (0–255)
Bits 8–15 = tenths (0–9) (Default is zero...no timer active)

word 0: IDLE_TIMER (11)

word 1: T3 idle link timer value, where bits 0–7 = seconds (0–255)
Bits 8–15 = tenths (0–9) (Default is zero...no timer active)

word 0: XMIT_CLOCK (12)

word 1: X.21/V.11 external transmit clock source selection
(0 = send timing (default), 1 = receive timing)

word 0: OPTION_SREJ1 (13)

word 1: Data link SREJ option switch (0 = off, 1 = on) (Default is 0 (off))

word 0: OPTION_RAW2 (14)

word 1: Raw HDLC option switch (0 = off, 1 = on) (Default is 0 (off))

word 0: EIA_TYPE3 (15)

word 1: EIA selection indication (EIA_232 = 1, EIA_449 = 2, EIA_530 = 3,
EIA_V35 = 4, MIL_188C = 5) (There is no default)

word 0: OPTION_UI4 (16)

word 1: ISO HDLC Option 4 (UI frames) (0=off (default), 1=on)

word 0: OPTION_TEST5 (17)

word 1: ISO HDLC Option 12 (TEST frames) (0=off (default), 1=on)

1. Neither CCITT X.25 nor ISO7776 permits the use of the SREJ option.
2. Applies only to SAP_SLP operation.
3. Software-selectable EIA configuration is supported on ICPs with the IUSC serial port controller.
4. Applies only to SAP_SLP operation.
5. Applies only to SAP_SLP operation.

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10.3.4.2 Configure Station

After configuring the data links, use a separate HCONFIG command for each station asso-
ciated with an X.25 data link. Multiple stations can be configured for each link. If you
send a HCONFIG packet while the link is enabled, the CS API cs_write request returns an
error. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this command.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:
command HCONFIG (27)
modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit Station ID (1–n) (n = virtual circuit maximum)
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data size which is vari-
able. The data format is as follows:

word 0: Bits 0–7: LCN value (only for PVC) (0–255)

Bits 8–11: LCGN value (for PVC or SVC) (0–15)
Bit 12: Set to 1 for PVC and set to zero for SVC

In addition, the data area may contain the following word pair to set station packet win-
dow size:

word 0: SPWSIZE (1)

word 1: Packet window size (1–7 or 1–127 extended 1) (Default is 2)

1. Before configuring stations with extended packet window sizes on a link, first send a configure call
service packet (43) to enable extended packet sequence numbering on the link.

162 DC 900-1345H
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10.3.5 HSTATS (33) — Read and Clear Statistics

Use this command to clear the statistics on a link. Freeway sends the current statistics in
a ISTATS (34) response packet and then clears the statistics.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HSTATS (33)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.6 HBUFI (37) — Configure Buffer and Station Resource Limits

Use this command to configure the segmentation buffer size, the communication
buffer size, and the number of virtual circuits. The Freeway confirmation response is an
IBUFIC (38) packet. If you send a HBUFI packet while any links are enabled, the CS API
cs_write request returns an error. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this
command.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HBUFI (37)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

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The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data size of 6. The infor-
mation in the data area is as follows:

word 0: Number of 64-byte pages in the segmentation buffers. Valid values

are zero through 128. A value of zero implies segmentation is not
used. The default is zero.
word 1: Number of 64-byte pages in the communication buffers. Valid
values1 are 1 through 64. The default value is four pages (256
bytes).
word 2: Number of virtual circuits (1–1024). The default is 256.

10.3.7 HCSCON (43) — Configure Call Service

Use this command to configure call service parameters for a data link. The expected
Freeway response is an IACKNOWLEDGE (62) packet. Table 10–3 lists the function codes
for call service configuration packets. The default configuration values, shown in the
data descriptions below, apply if not overridden by the host.

If you send a HCSCON packet while the link is enabled, the CS API cs_write request
returns an error.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HCSCON (43)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

1. You should analyze the SVC call request user data and fast select data requirements before config-
uring a communication buffer size of less than four pages (256 bytes).

164 DC 900-1345H
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Table 10–3: Function Codes for Configure Call Service Packets

Code X.25/HDLC
Code Symbol Number Function Support
HF_CLLNG 1 Calling DTE address X.25
HF_FASCN 3 Fast select option X.25
HF_RVCN 6 Reverse charge option X.25
HF_INCM 8 Incoming calls option X.25
HF_T2XCN 11 T2X timers X.25
HF_R2XCN 12 R2X retry limits for T2X timers X.25
HF_TLX 13 TL1 timer X.25/HDLC
HF_LCN 17 LCN bounds X.25
HF_CERT 18 X.25 Certification Mode X.25
HF_FLOW 19 Flow control negotiation X.25
HF_CLM 22 Modem Control Signal Monitoring X.25/HDLC
HF_CLTMR 23 Modem Control Signal Debounce Time X.25/HDLC
HF_RESTART 25 Restart on SLP/MLP initialization X.25
HF_REJ 42 Packet retransmission support X.25
HF_MOD128 43 Extended packet sequence numbering X.25
HF_X25_PROFILE 44 X.25 operation profile X.25
HF_ADDR_LEN 45 Local DTE address length X.25
HF_TOANPI 47 DTE Address Format X.25

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data size which is vari-
able. The call service configuration parameters are described below, arranged in ascend-
ing function code order.

Note
For some function codes, byte 1 is a fixed data length which is not
variable. You must include all the data indicated.

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Configure Calling DTE Address (1)

byte 0: HF_CLLNG (1)

byte 1: Calling DTE address length in bytes (0–15) (default=0)
bytes 2–n: Calling DTE address (ASCII string)

Fast Select (3)

byte 0: HF_FASCN (3)

byte 1: 0 = bar, 2 = notify (default)

Reverse Charge

byte 0: HF_RVCN (6)

byte 1: 0 = bar, 1 = accept (default), 2 = notify

Incoming Calls (8)

byte 0: HF_INCM (8)

byte 1: 0 = bar, 1 = accept (default), 2 = notify

T2X Timer (CCITT) (11)

byte 0: HF_T2XCN (11)

byte 1: Data length (4 or 5)
byte 2: T20 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 180)
byte 3: T21 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 200)
byte 4: T22 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 180)
byte 5: T23 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 180)
byte 6: T28 timeout value (0.1–25.5 minutes)
(default = 5.0 minutes) (CCITT 1984 and 1988)

T2X Timer (ISO 8208 or Unrestricted) (11)

byte 0: HF_T2XCN (11)

byte 1: Data length (9)
byte 2: T20 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 180)

166 DC 900-1345H
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byte 3: T21 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 200)

byte 4: T22 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 180)
byte 5: T23 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = 180)
byte 6: T24 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = disabled)
byte 7: T25 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = disabled)
byte 8: T26 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = disabled)
byte 9: T27 timeout value (1–255 seconds) (default = disabled)
byte 10: T28 timeout value (0.1–25.5 minutes)
(default = 5.0 minutes)

Note
A T2X timer or R2X retry limit value of zero does not update the
current setting.

R2X Retry Limits for T2X Timers (CCITT) (12)

byte 0: HF_R2XCN (12)

byte 1: Data length (4 or 5)
byte 2: R20 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2)
byte 3: 0
byte 4: R22 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2)
byte 5: R23 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2)
byte 6: R28 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2) (CCITT 1984 and 1988)

R2X Retry Limits for T2X Timers (ISO 8208 or Unrestricted) (12)

byte 0: HF_R2XCN (12)

byte 1: Data length (9)
byte 2: R20 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2)
byte 3: 0
byte 4: R22 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2)
byte 5: R23 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2)
byte 6: 0
byte 7: R25 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 1)

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

byte 8: 0
byte 9: R27 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 1)
byte 10: R28 retry limit value (1–255) (default = 2)

TL1 Link Activation Timer (13)

byte 0: HF_TLX (13)

byte 1: Data length (1)
byte 2: TL1 timer limit (1–255) (default = 180)

LCN Bounds (17)

byte 0: HF_LCN (17)

byte 1: Data length (12)
bytes 2, 3: Lowest incoming channel (LIC) (default = 0)
bytes 4, 5: Highest incoming channel (HIC) (default = 0)
bytes 6, 7: Lowest two-way channel (LTC) (default = 1)
bytes 8, 9: Highest two-way channel (HTC) (default = 4095)
bytes 10, 11: Lowest outgoing channel (LOC) (default = 0)
bytes 12, 13: Highest outgoing channel (HOC) (default = 0)

Certification Mode (18)

byte 0: HF_CERT (18)

byte 1: 0 = no (default), 1 = yes

Flow Control Negotiation (19)

byte 0: HF_FLOW (19)

byte 1: 0 = bar (default), 1 = accept

Modem Control Signal Monitoring (22)

byte 0: HF_CLM (22)

byte 1: Signal to be monitored (1 = CTS, 2 = DCD)
byte 2: Status of monitoring (0 = stop (default), 1 = start)

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Modem Control Signal Debounce Time (23)

byte 0: HF_CLTMR (23)

byte 1: Signal associated with timer (1 = CTS, 2 = DCD)
byte 2: Debounce time value (1–255 seconds) (default = 15)

X.25 Restart Following SLP/MLP Initialization (25)

byte 0: HF_RESTART (25)

byte 1: 0 = no (default), 1 = yes

REJ Packet Retransmission (42)

byte 0: HF_REJ (42)

byte 1: 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable

Extended Packet Sequence Numbering (43)

byte 0: HF_MOD128 (43)

byte 1: 0 = modulo 8 (default)1 = extended modulo 128

X.25 Operation Profile (44)

byte 0: HF_X25_PROFILE (44)

byte 1: X.25 standard selection option
0 = unrestricted
1 = reserved
2 = CCITT 1980
3 = CCITT 1984 (default)
4 = ISO 8208
5 = CCITT 1988

Local DTE Address Length (45)

byte 0: HF_ADDR_LEN (45)

byte 1: Address length value (1–15, or 3–17 TOA/NPI)

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

DTE Address Format (47)

byte 0: HF_TOANPI (47)

byte 1: 0 = Normal (default), 1 = TOA/NPI

10.3.8 HCONMLP (45) — Configure Multilink Procedures

Use this command to assign one or more X.25 SLPs to a common MLP and configure
the timer and window parameters. The expected Freeway response is an IACKNOWLEDGE
(62) packet. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this command.

If you send a HCONMLP packet while any of the SLPs are enabled, the CS API cs_write
request returns an error.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HCONMLP (45)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data size which is vari-
able, depending upon the number of SLPs included. The data format is as follows:

word 0: MT1 lost frame timer (1–255 seconds)

word 1: MT2 group busy timer (1–255 seconds)
word 2: MT3 reset confirmation timer (1–255 seconds)
word 3: MW multilink window size parameter (1–2048)
word 4: MX receive MLP window guard region parameter (1 to 2048–MW)
word 5: First SLP link identification
word 6: Second SLP link identification
etc.

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10.3.9 HSTATS_32BIT (51) — Read and Clear Statistics

Use this command to clear the statistics on a link. Freeway sends the current statistics in
a ISTATS_32BIT (16) response packet and then clears the statistics.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HSTATS_32BIT (51)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.10 HMONITOR (53) — Set Monitoring

Use this command to control optional line analyzer data collection functions. The
packet enables or disables monitoring on one or more specified data links. The packet
overrides any previous line analyzer control specification. Freeway sends an
IMONITOR (54) response packet.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HMONITOR (53)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus the number of bytes for one
or more of the following link monitoring specification two-byte parameter sets:

byte 0: Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)

byte 1: Set monitoring (0 = off, 1 = brief, 2 = full, 3 = exceptions)

where: “off” disables monitoring

“brief” enables monitoring and skips data packet contents
“full” enables monitoring and reports data packet contents
“exceptions” enables monitoring and reports unusual events only.

10.3.11 HVERSION (55) — Request Software Version Data

Use this command to request the software version information. Freeway responds with
an IVERSION (56) packet. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this command.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HVERSION (55)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.12 HSTATS_CLEAR (57) — Clear Statistics

Use this command to request Freeway to clear the current statistics for a specified link.
To read the statistics before clearing them, use the HSTATS (33) command. The expected
Freeway response is an IACKNOWLEDGE (62) packet.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

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 10: Freeway X.25 Call Service Application Program Interface

command HSTATS_CLEAR (57)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.13 HSTATS_SAMPLE (59) — Sample Statistics

Use this command to request Freeway to report the current statistics for a specified link
without altering them. To clear the statistics after reading them, use the HSTATS (33)
command. Freeway responds to a HSTATS_SAMPLE command with an ISTATS (34)
packet.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HSTATS_SAMPLE (59)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

10.3.14 HCLSTATE (69) — Read Modem Control Line State

Use this command to request Freeway to report on the current status of either the clear
to send (CTS) or data carrier detect (DCD) modem signal. Freeway responds with an
ICLSTATE (70) packet.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

command HCLSTATE (69)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus one for the following data
byte:

byte 0: modem signal ID (1 = CTS, 2 = DCD)

10.3.15 HREGRQ (71) — Facilities Registration Request

Use this command to invoke or revoke specific X.25 facilities for the DTE host and to
adjust default values for DTE/DCE interface parameters. Also use this command to
request a report of available X.25 facilities from the network DCE by sending only the
SAP header (without data). Freeway responds with an IREGCON (72) packet. The HDLC
MANAGER application does not use this command.

Table 10–4 lists the function codes for registration packets. Function codes 130 and 131
appear only in an IREGCON (72) response packet (Section 10.4.12).

Table 10–4: Function Codes for Facilities Registration Packets

Code
Code Symbol Number Function Packet Type
HF_NEGP1 128 Facilities negotiable in state p1 HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_NEGANY 129 Facilities negotiable in any state HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_AVAIL 130 Availability of facilities IREGCON only
HF_NON_NEG 131 Non-negotiable facilities IREGCON only
HF_DFTHRU 132 Default throughput classes assignment HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_NSPACK 133 Non-standard default packet data sizes HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_NSWIN 134 Non-standard default packet window sizes HREGRQ or IREGCON
HF_LOGCHAN 135 Logical channel types ranges HREGRQ or IREGCON

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The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HREGRQ (71)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data size which is vari-
able. The facilities registration parameters are described below, arranged in ascending
function code order:

Facilities Negotiable in State p1 (128)

byte 0: HF_NEGP1 (128)

byte 1: Facility length (3)
byte 2: Extended packet sequence numbering facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 3: Packet retransmission facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 4: D-bit modification facility (0=no, 1=yes)

Facilities Negotiable in Any State (129)

byte 0: HF_NEGANY (129)

byte 1: Facility length (7)
byte 2: Incoming calls barred facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 3: Outgoing calls barred facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 4: Fast select acceptance facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 5: Reverse charging acceptance facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 6: Flow control negotiation facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 7: Throughput class negotiation facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 8: Charging information facility (0=no, 1=yes)

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Default Throughput Class (132)

byte 0: HF_DFTHRU (132)

byte 1: Transmit throughput class selection (3–13)
byte 2: Receive throughput class selection (3–13)

b/s rate selections are:

3 = 75 9 = 4800
4 = 150 10 = 9600
5 = 300 11 = 19200
6 = 600 12 = 48000
7 = 1200 13 = 640001
8 = 2400

Non-standard Default Packet Data Sizes (133)

byte 0: HF_NSPACK (133)

byte 1: Transmit packet data size selection (4–12)
byte 2: Receive packet data size selection (4–12)

Data size selections are expressed as the power-of-two exponent of the actual size:
4 = 16 9 = 512
5 = 32 10 = 1024
6 = 64 11 = 2048
7 = 128 12 = 4096
8 = 256

Non-standard Default Packet Window Sizes (134)

byte 0: HF_NSWIN (134)

byte 1: Transmit packet window size (1–127)
byte 2: Receive packet window size (1–127)

1. The default throughput class of 64000 b/s is supported for the CCITT 1988 and unrestricted pro-
files only.

176 DC 900-1345H
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Window size values 8–127 are valid only when the facilities negotiable in state p1,
function code HF_NEGP1 (128), are used to enable extended packet sequence
numbering.

Logical Channel Types Ranges (135)

byte 0: HF_LOGCHAN (135)

byte 1: Facility length (12)
bytes 2, 3: Lowest incoming channel (LIC)
bytes 4, 5: Highest incoming channel (HIC)
bytes 6, 7: Lowest two-way channel (LTC)
bytes 8, 9: Highest two-way channel (HTC)
bytes 10,11: Lowest outgoing channel (LOC)
bytes 12,13: Highest outgoing channel (HOC)

10.3.16 HTEST (77) — TEST Command Frame

Use this command to send a TEST command frame to the remote DTE. Only the Man-
ager Session for a link may send this command. The (eventual) Freeway response is an
ITEST packet containing the data from the TEST response frame received from the
remote DTE. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this command.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HTEST (77)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = length of accompanying data to be sent in the TEST
command frame.

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10.3.17 HBUFCLEAR (81) — Enable Buffer Clearing

Use this command to configure Freeway to clear used buffers on the ICP before return-
ing them to the ICP buffer pool resource. After buffer clearing is enabled, it cannot be
disabled without downloading Freeway again. The expected Freeway response is an
IACKNOWLEDGE (62) packet. The HDLC MANAGER application does not use this com-
mand.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command HBUFCLEAR (81)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_write buf_length parameter = 16 (SAP header size).

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10.4 Freeway Packets Received by the MANAGER Application

The X.25 or HDLC MANAGER application uses the CS API cs_read request to receive
packets from Freeway. The return value of the cs_read request is the number of bytes
received, which includes the 16-byte SAP header plus the size of the data which is vari-
able. Section 10.4.2 through Section 10.4.12 describe the format of Freeway packets that
the MANAGER application can receive.

10.4.1 ISTATS_32BIT (16) — Statistics Data

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HSTATS_32BIT (51) command or a

HSTATS_32BIT_SAMPLE (15) command from the X.25 or HDLC MANAGER application.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command ISTATS_32BIT (16)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data
field size, which is 72 for X.25 or 56 for HDLC. The data following the header has the
following format:

longword 0: Receive FCS errors

longword 1: Receive I-frames too long
longword 2: Receive overrun errors
longword 3: Transmit underrun errors
longword 4: Transmit watchdog errors
longword 5: Unrecognized frames received
longword 6: I-frames received
longword 7: I-frames sent

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

longword 8: FRMR frames received

longword 9: FRMR frames sent
longword 10: REJ frames received
longword 11: REJ frames sent
longword 12: SABM frames received
longword 13: SABM frames sent
longword 14: Restart packets received
longword 15:
longword 16:
longword 17:
Restart packets sent
LCNs currently in use
LCN usage high-water mark
} X.25 only

10.4.2 IENABLE (24) — Link Active

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HENABLE (23) command from the X.25
MANAGER application. Freeway also sends this packet to report the restoration of a data
link connection following a previously reported link failure (IDISABLE). It confirms a
link-active state. The HDLC MANAGER application does not receive this response.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IENABLE (24)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size).

10.4.3 IDISABLE (26) — Link Inactive

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HDISABLE (25) command from the X.25
MANAGER application. Freeway also sends this packet to report data link failure. It con-
firms a link-inactive state. The HDLC MANAGER application does not receive this
response.

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The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IDISABLE (26)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size).

10.4.4 ISTATS (34) — Statistics Data

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HSTATS (33) command or a HSTATS_SAMPLE

(59) command from the X.25 or HDLC MANAGER application.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command ISTATS (34)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data
field size, which is 36 for X.25 or 28 for HDLC. The data following the header has the
following format:

word 0: Receive FCS errors

word 1: Receive I-frames too long
word 2: Receive overrun errors
word 3: Transmit underrun errors
word 4: Transmit watchdog errors

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X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

word 5: Unrecognized frames received

word 6: I-frames received
word 7: I-frames sent
word 8: FRMR frames received
word 9: FRMR frames sent
word 10: REJ frames received
word 11: REJ frames sent
word 12: SABM frames received
word 13: SABM frames sent
word 14: Restart packets received
word 15:
word 16:
word 17:
Restart packets sent
LCNs currently in use
LCN usage high-water mark
} X.25 only

10.4.5 IBUFIC (38) — Buffer Configuration Confirmation

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HBUFI (37) command from the X.25 MAN-
AGER application. It confirms that the buffer-pool data structure is initialized. The
HDLC MANAGER application does not receive this response.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IBUFIC (38)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus 4. The data
format is as follows:

word 0: Number of buffers in the segmentation buffer pool

word 1: Number of buffers in the communication buffer pool

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10.4.6 ITIMOUT (48) — Link Activation Timeout

Freeway sends this packet when a link does not become active within the TL1 time limit
(Section 3.6.7 on page 71), or upon expiration of the T3 idle link timer (Section 3.4.13
on page 61). The HDLC MANAGER application does not receive this response.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command ITIMOUT (48)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size).

10.4.7 IDIAG (50) — X.25 Network Diagnostic Data

Freeway forwards all diagnostic packets received from the network to the X.25 MAN-
AGER application. No specific host action is required. The HDLC MANAGER application
does not receive this response.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IDIAG (50)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

DC 900-1345H 183
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data
size which is variable. The data format is as follows:

byte 0: Diagnostic code from network

byte 1–n: Diagnostic explanation from network

10.4.8 IMONITOR (54) — Monitoring Response

Freeway sends this packet periodically to report one or more line monitoring events
when line monitoring is enabled (using the HMONITOR (53) command).

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IMONITOR (54)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The data area concatenates one or more of the following event data entries. Each event
data entry begins on a longword boundary within the data area. Any entry whose length
is not an exact multiple of four is padded with additional NULL characters to the next
longword boundary.

The sequence of these entries is the same as they occurred on the ICP. When data link
analysis has been enabled on more than one link, the entries are intermixed in the
approximate order in which they occurred. Due to small internal processing delays on
the ICP, the order of events detected and reported by the ICP may differ from that
determined by external frames of reference such as client program trace logs and serial
data line monitors.

Due to internal accuracy limits on the ICP, the millisecond time stamp in each event
report is approximate. The actual accuracy is roughly to the nearest 10 milliseconds. For

184 DC 900-1345H
 10: Freeway X.25 Call Service Application Program Interface

most diagnostic purposes, protocol event sequencing, data transfer contents, and
approximate timing are required. Because the shortest protocol timer setting available
is 100 milliseconds, 10 millisecond accuracy is adequate.

Monitoring Event Data Entry Format

byte 0: Monitoring change function code (1)
byte 1: Link ID (0–n)
byte 2: Reserved
byte 3: Status (0 = off, 1 = on)
byte 4–7: Event time stamp (milliseconds)

Modem Signal Event Data Entry Format

byte 0: Modem signal event function code (2)
byte 1: Link ID (0–n)
byte 2: V.24 circuit ID (105 = RTS, 106 = RS, 107 = DSR, 108 = DTR,
109 = DCD)
byte 3: Status (0 = off, 1 = on)
byte 4–7: Event time stamp (milliseconds)

Transmit Event Data Entry Format

byte 0: Transmit event function code (3)
byte 1: Link ID (0–n)
byte 2: Data format definition bit fields:
bit 0: C/R indicator (0 = command, 1 = response)
bits 1–2: SLP header size (0, 2, or 3)
bits 3–4: MLP header size (0 or 2)
bits 5–7: X.25 header size (0, 3, or 4)
byte 3: Status (0 = normal, 1 = timeout, 2 = abort, 3 = underrun)
bytes 4–7: Event time stamp (milliseconds)
bytes 8–9: Total transmit sample size n
bytes 10–11: Total transmit packet size n
bytes 12–n + 12: Transmit sample contents

DC 900-1345H 185
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Receive Event Data Entry Format

byte 0: Receive event function code (4)
byte 1: Link ID (0–n)
byte 2: Data format definition bit fields:
bit 0: C/R indicator (0 = command, 1 = response)
bits 1–2: SLP header size (0, 2, or 3)
bits 3–4: MLP header size (0 or 2)
bits 5–7: X.25 header size (0, 3, or 4)
byte 3: Status (0 = FCS good, 1 = FCS bad, 2 = abort, 3 = underrun,
4 = oversize)
bytes 4–7: Event time stamp (milliseconds)
bytes 8–9: Total receive sample size n
bytes 10–11: Total receive packet size n
bytes 12–n + 12: Receive sample contents

10.4.9 IVERSION (56) — Freeway Software Version Information

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HVERSION (55) command from the X.25
MANAGER application. It contains the Freeway software version information. The
HDLC MANAGER application does not receive this response.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IVERSION (56)

modifier 0
link 0
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data
size which is variable. The data area contains ASCII text identifying the software loaded,
its version number, and its date of release.

186 DC 900-1345H
 10: Freeway X.25 Call Service Application Program Interface

10.4.10 IACKNOWLEDGE (62) — Command Acknowledge

Freeway sends this response packet to the X.25 or HDLC MANAGER application to report
the successful completion of one of the commands listed below.

HCONFIG (27)
HCSCON (43)
HCONMLP (45)
HSTATS_CLEAR (57)
HBUFCLEAR (81)

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IACKNOWLEDGE (62)

modifier Command type acknowledged
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The MANAGER application issues a non-blocking cs_write request to send a command

packet to Freeway, then issues a blocking cs_read request. If Freeway processes the com-
mand successfully, then the cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP
header size) and the modifier field in the response packet identifies the command type
acknowledged; however, if Freeway detects an error while trying to process a command,
then the cs_read function returns the error code CS_SVRERR.

10.4.11 ICLSTATE (70) — Modem Control Line State Data

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HCLSTATE (69) command from the X.25 or
HDLC MANAGER application.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command ICLSTATE (70)

DC 900-1345H 187
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus 2. The data
format is as follows:
byte 0: Modem signal ID (1 = CTS, 2 = DCD)
byte 1: Signal status (0 = off, 1 = on)

10.4.12 IREGCON (72) — X.25 Facilities Registration Confirmation

Freeway sends this packet in response to a HREGRQ (71) command from the X.25
MANAGER application. The HDLC MANAGER application does not receive this response.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command IREGCON (72)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session CS API session ID
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data
size which is variable. The data area of the IREGCON packet includes the following infor-
mation but may also include additional function codes detailed in Section 10.3.15:

Availability of Facilities (130)

byte 0: HF_AVAIL (130)

byte 1: Facility length (13)
byte 2: Extended packet sequence numbering facility (0=no, 1=yes)

188 DC 900-1345H
 10: Freeway X.25 Call Service Application Program Interface

byte 3: Packet retransmission facility (0=no, 1=yes)

byte 4: D-bit modification facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 5: Called line address modified facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 6: Charging information (per interface) facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 7: Charging information (per call) facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 8: Reverse charging acceptance facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 9: Reverse charging facility (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 10: Default throughput classes (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 11: Non-standard default packet window sizes (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 12: Non-standard default packet data sizes (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 13: Logical channel types ranges (0=no, 1=yes)
byte 14: RPOA selection (per call) facility (0=no, 1=yes)

Non-negotiable Facilities (131)

byte 0: HF_NON_NEG (131)

byte 1: Facility length (1)
byte 2: Local charging prevention facility (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

10.4.13 ITEST (78) — TEST Response Frame

Freeway sends this packet to deliver the data contained in a TEST response frame from
the remote DTE. Only the link’s Manager Session receives this packet.

The first eight 16-bit fields of the packet data area contain the following SAP header
information:

command ITEST (78)

modifier 0
link Link ID (0–7 or 0–15)
circuit 0
session Overwritten by CS API
sequence 0
reserved1 0
reserved2 0

DC 900-1345H 189
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

The cs_read return value (number of bytes read) = 16 (SAP header size) plus the data
size, which is variable. The data area of the ITEST packet contains the data received in the
TEST response frame.

190 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

11 Non-standard HDLC Options

Protogate supports four optional non-standard extensions to the HDLC data-link layer:
raw HDLC access, SREJ selective recovery procedures, ISO HDLC Option 4 (UI
frames), and ISO HDLC Option 12 (TEST frames). The options are mutually exclusive.

11.1 OPTION_RAW — Raw HDLC Access

Normal HDLC LAPB data link operations obey a complicated set of rules and require
the use of a two-way simultaneous (full-duplex) physical circuit. For applications that
receive (or send) data via a one-way (simplex) physical circuit, HDLC LAPB cannot be
used. Instead, the raw HDLC option may be used to replace normal HDLC LAPB oper-
ations.

The raw HDLC option should not be used as the data link layer for X.25. Raw HDLC
detects frame errors, but lacks the ability to recover data and may lose X.25 packets.

This option is mutually exclusive with each of the other options.

11.1.1 OPTION_RAW Configuration

The CS API permits a MANAGER application (such as x25_manager) to configure raw

HDLC support for a data link by supplying the word pair shown below in addition to
any other optional link configuration data described in Section 10.3.4.1 on page 158.

word 0: OPTION_RAW (14)

word 1: Raw HDLC option switch (0 = off (default); 1 = on)

DC 900-1345H 191
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

11.1.2 OPTION_RAW Operation

When the raw HDLC option is enabled, the application is responsible for handling any
protocol requirements, such as supplying or interpreting protocol header fields.
Freeway handles the basic bit-synchronous SDLC envelope (flags and FCS), but ignores
the contents of the frame. Freeway also discards any frame received with an FCS error,
an abort sequence, or an excessive length.

Although the application must accommodate any HDLC protocol header fields that
precede the actual data, the application interface is otherwise normal. However, use of
the CS API function cs_reset causes HDLC operation on the data link to revert to nor-
mal HDLC operation by sending an SABM/E frame to reset the data link. Raw HDLC
operation may be restored by using the CS API functions cs_disconnect and cs_connect in
that order. Refer to the X.25 Call Service API Guide for more details about the standard
application interface for HDLC.

11.2 OPTION_SREJ — SREJ Selective Recovery

Normal HDLC LAPB data link operations are optimized for ground-link operations.
Although a satellite-link may be used, the normal REJ recovery procedures are ineffi-
cient and tend to adversely affect throughput as the frequency of bit-errors increases.

While neither CCITT X.25 nor ISO 7776 permits the use of selective recovery proce-
dures, SREJ is supported under several other standards.1 Although some differences
exist among the various standards, Protogate’s implementation incorporates the most
common aspects of SREJ support, and should be compatible with most other imple-
mentations of SREJ.

If the remote DTE honors SREJ procedures, Protogate’s SREJ option can be used on the
local DTE to enhance data recovery. The SREJ option can be combined with modulo

1. ISO 4335, ISO 7809, ANSI X3.66, and ECMA 49 all support the use of SREJ procedures.

192 DC 900-1345H
 11: Non-standard HDLC Options

128 operation and an extended frame-transmit window to enhance satellite data link
throughput as well.

The SREJ option may be enabled in the data link layer for X.25 only if the remote DTE
also supports SREJ. Since they are not defined for X.25 by either CCITT or ISO, data
link SREJ procedures are not generally recommended for X.25.

11.2.1 OPTION_SREJ Configuration

The CS API permits a MANAGER application (such as x25_manager) to configure SREJ

support for a data link by supplying the word pair shown below in addition to any other
optional link configuration data described in Section 10.3.4.1 on page 158.

word 0: OPTION_SREJ (13)

word 1: Data link SREJ option switch (0 = off (default); 1 = on)

11.2.2 OPTION_SREJ Operation

SREJ selective-recovery procedures operate transparently and do not affect the applica-
tion interface to HDLC or X.25. Refer to the X.25 Call Service API Guide for more details
about the standard application interface.

11.3 OPTION_UI — UI Frames

When this option is selected, HDLC LAPB operation may include the sending and
receiving of UI frames. It does not preclude the normal operation with I frames. This
option is valid only for operation via the service access point for SLP.

11.3.1 OPTION_UI Configuration

The CS API permits a MANAGER application (such as x25_manager) to configure UI frame

support for a data link by supplying the word pair shown below in addition to any other
optional link configuration data described in Section 10.3.4.1 on page 158.

DC 900-1345H 193
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

word 0: OPTION_UI (16)

word 1: ISO HDLC Option 4 (UI frames) (0=off (default), 1=on)

11.3.2 OPTION_UI Operation

UI frame procedures operate with the low-level HUNDATA command and IUNDATA
response. See X.25 Low-Level Interface, DC 900-1307.

11.4 OPTION_TEST — TEST Frames

When this option is selected, HDLC LAPB operation may include the sending and
receiving of TEST frames by MANAGER applications. This option is valid only for opera-
tion via the service access point for SLP.

11.4.1 OPTION_TEST Configuration

The CS API permits a MANAGER application (such as x25_manager) to configure TEST

frame support for a data link by supplying the word pair shown below in addition to
any other optional link configuration data described in Section 10.3.4.1 on page 158.

word 0: OPTION_TEST (17)

word 1: ISO HDLC Option 12 (TEST frames) (0=off (default), 1=on)

11.4.2 OPTION_TEST Operation

TEST frame procedures operate with the low-level HTEST command (Section 10.3.16
on page 177) and IUNDATA response (Section 10.4.13 on page 189). Also see X.25 Low-
Level Interface, DC 900-1307.

194 DC 900-1345H
 Chapter

12 Physical Level Considerations

At the physical level, X.25 offers two choices: X.21/V.11 or X.21 bis. Since the physical
level provides a foundation for both link (frame) level operations and the network
(packet) level operations, an understanding of the fundamental requirements at the
physical layer is often helpful in diagnosing symptoms that might first be noticed in the
operation of the X.25 or HDLC protocol layers.

For example, the physical level uses modem-control circuits to control (or indicate) the
state of the physical level both prior to and during the transfer of data on the interface.
Improper cabling might cause incorrect operation of modem-control circuits that
could trigger an oscillation of the physical interface between Online and Offline states,
affecting the transfer of data on the interface.

12.1 X.21/V.11 Interface

The X.21/V.11 physical interface implements leased-circuit service for a point-to-point
physical connection to the X.25 network through a V.11 connector. This interface fea-
tures a single external clock source circuit that is used as a timing reference for both
transmit and receive data circuits. The interface also implements fewer modem-signal
circuits than the more typical X.21 bis physical interface. Table 12–1 lists those circuits
used by Freeway on the typical X.21/V.11 connection.

Each Freeway X.21/V.11 interface implements two modem-control signals. Freeway

(the DTE) provides the Control (C) circuit to the DCE. The DCE provides the Indica-
tion (I) circuit to Freeway. Table 12–2 presents the interface state-transition definitions
for the typical Freeway X.21/V.11 interface leased-line service. Freeway X.25/HDLC

DC 900-1345H 195
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

data transfer can occur only when the lower-level physical interface is in an Online
state.

Table 12–1: Typical X.21/V.11 Circuits used by Freeway

Modem
Circuit Symbol Circuit Name Control Source
G Signal ground or common N/A
Ga DTE common return DTE
T Transmit DTE
R Receive DCE
C Control Yes DTE
I Indication Yes DCE
S Signal element timing DCE

Table 12–2: Freeway X.21/V.11 Interface State-Transitions

State Name C I
Offline Off Off
DTE Ready On Off
DCE Ready Off On
Online On On

12.2 X.21 bis Interface

The X.21 bis physical interface implements leased-circuit service for a point-to-point
physical connection to the X.25 network through an EIA-232, EIA-449, EIA-530, or
V.35 connector. This interface features separate clock source circuits for transmit tim-
ing and receive timing. Both transmit timing and receive timing are typically provided
to Freeway by the DCE. As an option, Freeway can be configured to generate its own
transmit timing; V.24 circuit 113 carries the associated timing signal to the DCE, and

196 DC 900-1345H
 12: Physical Level Considerations

typically replaces V.24 circuit 114 when used. Table 12–3 identifies the X.21 bis circuits
used by Freeway on the typical X.21 bis connection.

Table 12–3: Typical X.21 bis Circuits used by Freeway

V.24 Modem
Circuit No. Circuit Name Control Source
102 Signal ground or common return N/A
103 Transmitted data DTE
104 Received data DCE
105 Request to send Yes DTE
106 Ready for sending Yes DCE
107 Data set ready Yes DCE
108/2 Data terminal ready Yes DTE
109 Data channel received line signal Yes DCE
detector
114 Transmitter signal element timing DCE
115 Receiver signal element timing DCE

Each Freeway X.21 bis interface implements five modem control signals. Freeway (the
DTE) provides the data terminal ready (108/2) circuit and the request to send (105) cir-
cuit. The DCE provides the data set ready (107) circuit, the ready for sending (106) cir-
cuit, and the data channel received line signal detector (109) circuit. Table 12–4 shows
the terminology and symbolic names commonly used for these modem-control
circuits.

Table 12–5 presents the interface state-transition definitions for the typical Freeway
X.21 bis interface leased-line service. Freeway X.25/HDLC data transfer can occur only
when the lower-level physical interface is in an Online_DCD or Online_noDCD state.
The Online_noDCD state is a transition state in which the loss of DCD has been
detected; loss of DCD is tolerated for up to 30 seconds before the Freeway turns DTR
Off to force the X.21 bis interface to the Offline state.

DC 900-1345H 197
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Table 12–4: Terminology and EIA Symbols for X.21 bis Modem-Control Circuits

V.24
Circuit No. Common Terminology EIA-232 EIA-449 EIA-530 V.35 Source
105 Request-to-Send (RTS) CA RS CA RTS DTE
106 Clear-to-Send (CTS) CB CS CB CTS DCE
107 Data-Set-Ready (DSR) CC DM CC DSR DCE
108/2 Data-Terminal-Ready (DTR) CD TR CD DTR DTE
109 Data-Carrier-Detect (DCD) CF RR CF RLSD DCE

Table 12–5: Freeway X.21 bis Interface State-Transitions

State Name DTR DSRa DCDb RTS CTS

Offline Off N/A N/A N/A N/A
DTR On Off N/A N/A N/A
DTR_DSR On On Off N/A N/A
DTR_DSR_DCD On On On N/A N/A
DTR_DSR_DCD_RTS On On On On Off
Online_noDCD On On Off On On
Online_DCD On On On On On
a
Loss of DSR at any time causes the Freeway to turn DTR Off for several seconds, setting the
X.21 bis interface to the Offline state during that time period.
b If DCD is not detected within 30 seconds of turning DTR On, or if DCD is lost for a period

of 30 seconds after being detected, Freeway turns DTR Off for several seconds, setting the X.21 bis
interface to the Offline state during that time period.

198 DC 900-1345H
 Glossary

API application program interface

b/s bits per second

CCITT Consultative Committee of International Telephone and Tele-

graph

CTS clear to send

CUG/OA closed user group with outgoing access

D-bit delivery bit, used in X.25 packets

DCD data carrier detect

DCE data circuit-terminating equipment

DISC disconnect, an HDLC frame type

DM disconnected mode, an HDLC frame type

DNIC data network identification code

DTE data terminal equipment

FCS frame check sequence

GFI general format indicator

FRMR frame reject, an HDLC frame type

HDLC high-level data link control

HIC highest incoming channel

DC 900-1345H 199
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

HOC highest outgoing channel

HTC highest two-way channel

ICP intelligent communications processor

I-frame information frame, an HDLC frame type

ISO International Standards Organization

LAPB link access procedure balanced, a specific type of HDLC

LCGN logical channel group number

LCN logical channel number

LIC lowest incoming channel

LOC lowest outgoing channel

LTC lowest two-way channel

M-bit more-data bit, specified using the CS_DF_X25MORE flag in the

API cs_write request

MLP multilink procedure; uses multiple SLPs

MW multilink window size

MX receive MLP window guard region

NTN national terminal number

OSI open systems interconnect

PDN public data network

PVC permanent virtual circuit

QOS quality of service

REJ reject (an HDLC frame or X.25 packet type)

RNR receiver not ready, an HDLC frame or X.25 packet type

200 DC 900-1345H
 Preface

RPOA recognized private operating agency

RR receive ready, an HDLC frame or X.25 packet type

SABM set asynchronous balanced mode, an HDLC frame type

SAP service access point

SLP single link procedure, an HDLC LAPB data link

SVC switched virtual circuit

TOA/NPI type-of-address/numbering-plan identifier

X.25 a packet-switching communications protocol

DC 900-1345H 201
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

202 DC 900-1345H
 Index

A x25_manager 139
Addressing extended packet sequence numbering 77
Internet 31 CS API 169
Audience 17 x25_manager 136
fast select 67
B CS API 166
Binary configuration files 31 x25_manager 135
Bit encoding format 53 flow control negotiation 75
Buffer and station resource limits 49 CS API 168
communication buffer size 51 x25_manager 135
CS API 164 function codes 165
x25_manager 128 incoming calls 68
segmentation buffer size 50 CS API 166
CS API 164 x25_manager 135
x25_manager 128 LCN bounds 72
virtual circuit maximum 52 CS API 168
CS API 164 x25_manager 136
x25_manager 128 Local DTE address length
Buffer clearing x25_manager 138
CS API 177, 178, 189 local DTE address length 81
data security 52 CS API 169
modem control signal debounce time 76
C CS API 169
modem control signal monitoring 75
Call collision 56
CS API 168
Call service configuration 66
R2X retry limits 70
calling DTE address 66
CS API 167
CS API 166
x25_manager 136
x25_manager 135
REJ support 76
certification 111
CS API 169
certification mode 73
x25_manager 137
CS API 168
restarts 76
x25_manager 139
CS API 169
distinct from facilities 66
x25_manager 137
DTE address format 82
reverse charge 67
CS API 170

DC 900-1345H 203
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

CS API 166 Configuration options 49

x25_manager 137 buffer and station resource limits 49
T2X timers 68 CS API 163
CS API 166 x25_manager 127
x25_manager 137, 138 buffer clearing 52
TL1 link activation timer 71 CS API 177, 178, 189
CS API 168 call service configuration 66
x25_manager 138 CS API 164
X.25 operation profile 77 x25_manager 134
CS API 169 data links 53
x25_manager 138 CS API 158
Call service facilities x25_manager 128
distinct from configuration 66 MLP 62
Called line address modified facility 93 CS API 170
Certification mode 73, 109 x25_manager 132
Charging information software version data 49
facility 91 CS API 172
per call facility 93 x25_manager 127
per interface facility 93 X.25 station resources 82
Circuits CS API 158, 162
X.21 bis interface 197 x25_manager 139
terminology 198 Configuration steps
X.21/V.11 196 HDLC 38, 115, 151, 155
Client operations 31 X.25 37, 115, 152
Client processes 52 Conflicts
Client-server environment 30 call service facilities vs. configuration 66
establishing Internet address 31 Control lines
Clock source 53 monitoring 185
certification 110 Cross reference, see
loopback testing 53 buffer and station resource limits
X.21/V.11 61 call service configuration
Commands configuration options
MANAGER application to Freeway 156 data link configuration
packet format 156 data links
Communication buffer size 51, 58, 65, 110 MLP configuration
large HDLC I-frames 51, 58 station resource configuration
Configuration statistics
CS API 151 CS API
DLI and TSI 31 buf_length parameter 50, 156
x25_manager utility 115 Commands
Configuration file HBUFI 163
fw1000_hdlc.setup 41 HCONMLP 170
fw1000_svc.setup 41 HDISABLE 157
fw2000_hdlc.setup 41 HENABLE 157
fw2000_svc.setup 41 commands

204 DC 900-1345H
 Index

HBUFCLEAR 177, 178, 187, 189 USER application 151

HCLSTATE 173 Customer support 24
HCONFIG 158, 187
HCONMLP 187 D
HCSCON 164, 187 Data
HMONITOR 171, 184 exchanging with remote application 32
HREGRQ 174 Data link configuration 53, 110, 128, 144, 158
HSTATS 163 bit encoding format 53
HSTATS_32BIT 171 CS API 160
HSTATS_32BIT_SAMPLE 156 clock source 53
HSTATS_CLEAR 172, 187 CS API 159
HSTATS_SAMPLE 173 x25_manager 129
HVERSION 172 data rate 54
cs_accept request 67 CS API 159, 160
cs_attach request 152 x25_manager 131
cs_bind request 152 DTE/DCE role selection 55
cs_connect request 67, 75, 85, 89, 101 CS API 159
cs_detach request 152 x25_manager 130
CS_DF_X25MORE flag 50 EIA electrical interface 57
cs_listen request 82 EIA selection
certification 112, 113 CS API 161
cs_read request 50, 152 x25_manager 130
cs_redirect request 67 frame custom addressing 55
cs_refuse request 67 CS API 161
cs_register accept frame data size 58
certification 112 CS API 160
cs_register request 82 x25_manager 131
certification 112 frame modulus 57
cs_unbind request 152 CS API 160
cs_write request 50, 152 x25_manager 130
MANAGER application 151, 152 frame transmit window size 58
qos parameter 66, 75, 85, 89, 90, 91 CS API 160
responses x25_manager 132
IACKNOWLEDGE 187 GAP selection
IBUFIC 182 x25_manager 130
ICLSTATE 187 HDLC non-standard options 191
IDIAG 183 raw access 191
IDISABLE 180 SREJ selective recovery 192, 193, 194
IENABLE 180 Links selection
IMONITOR 184 x25_manager 130
IREGCON 188 MLP selection
ISTATS 181 x25_manager 132
ISTATS_32BIT 179 raw HDLC
ITIMOUT 183 CS API 161
IVERSION 186 x25_manager 131

DC 900-1345H 205
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

retry limit 59 role selection 55

CS API 160 DCE call indication 112
x25_manager 130 DCE clear indication 113
SREJ selection DCE interrupt indication 113
CS API 161 DCE reset indication 113
x25_manager 131 Diagnostic packets
T1 retry timer 59 CS API 183
CS API 160 management 102
x25_manager 131 Direct memory access 30
T2 acknowledgment delay timer 60 Disable link
CS API 160 CS API 157
x25_manager 131 x25_manager 142
T3 idle link timer 61 Document conventions 22
CS API 161 Documents
x25_manager 131 reference 19
T4 link integrity timer 61 DOWNLOAD command 126
CS API 161 Download software 31
x25_manager 132 Download X.25/HDLC software
X.21/V.11 clock source 61 x25_manager 126
CS API 161 DTE 35, 36
Data link interface (DLI) 30, 31 address format 112
Data links 53 address length 82
busy 64 calling DTE address 66
connectivity management 101 certification 109
disable command connectors 61
CS API 157 local address length 81, 82
x25_manager 142 role selection 55
disable response DTE address format 82
CS API 180
enable command E
CS API 157 EIA electrical interface 57
enable response Electrical interface
CS API 180 CS API 161
MLP 66 x25_manager 130
timeout 70, 183 Embedded ICP
Data rate environment 31
accuracy 54, 55 overview 26
custom 54 Enable link
errors 54 CS API 157
standard 55 HDLC 38, 101
table 159 timeout 183
D-bit modification facility 89, 92 Equipment required 18
DCE 36 Errors
certification 112 CS API 152
emulator test equipment 109 CS_NOCONN 59, 101

206 DC 900-1345H
 Index

CS_SVRERR 117, 187 negotiable in any state 90, 175

MONITOR command 145, 149 negotiable in state p1 89, 175
raw HDLC 191, 192 non-negotiable facilities 94, 189
retry limits 70 outgoing calls barred 90, 175
statistics reported 103, 179, 181 packet data size 94, 176
timers 68 packet window size 85, 95, 176
transmit overrun 103 procedure 98
transmit underrun 104 REJ 89, 175
transmit watchdog 104 reverse charging acceptance 90, 175
using x25_manager 117 throughput class 91, 94, 175, 176
Ethernet 29 Fast select 67
Extended packet sequence numbering 77, 89, acceptance facility 90
92, 95 FCS
certification 112 receive errors 103
FDDI 29
F Features
Facilities product 29
availability 91, 188 FILE command 126
called line address modified 93 Files
charging information per call 93 fw2000_hdlc.setup 124
charging information per interface 93 fw2000_svc.setup 120, 123
D-bit modification 92 Flow control
extended packet sequence numbering 92 certification 112
logical channel types ranges 94 configuration 75
packet data size 94 conflicts 97
packet window size 93 negotiation facility 91
REJ 92 packet data size 75
reverse charging 93 packet window size 75, 85
reverse charging acceptance 93 Frame
RPOA selection 94 acknowledgment 60
throughput class 93 custom addressing 55, 56
non-negotiable 94, 189 data size 58
on-line registration 70, 71, 87 certification 110
availability of facilities 91, 188 MLP 63, 64, 65
charging information 91, 175 modulus 57, 58
confirmation 71, 87, 92, 97, 188 certification 110
CS API 174 number of frame reject frames received 104
D-bit modification 89, 175 number of frame reject frames sent 104
extended packet sequence numbering 89, number of REJ frames received 104
175, 176, 177 number of REJ frames sent 104
fast select acceptance 90, 175 number of SABM frames received 104
flow control negotiation 91, 175 number of SABM frames sent 104
function codes 88, 92, 174 polling 61
incoming calls barred 90, 175 transmit window size 58, 60, 65
logical channel types ranges 95, 177 certification 110

DC 900-1345H 207
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

Frames, unrecognized 104 Installation

Freeway hardware setup 39
client-server environment 30 software configuration 40
overview 25 Interface, physical
Function codes See Physical level
call service configuration 165 Internet addresses 31
facilities registration 88, 92, 174 ISO seven-layer model 34
link configuration 160
L
H LAN interface processor 26
HDLC LCGN 72, 85, 89, 110
certification 111, 112 LCN 72, 84, 89
enable link 38, 101 assignment 56
fw2000_hdlc.setup file 124 bounds 72, 73, 96
large I-frames 51, 58 certification 112
protocol 35 statistics reported 105
HDLC non-standard options 191 Levels
raw access 191 application 34
SREJ selective recovery 192, 193, 194 frame 34
HDLC test program link 34
sample output 48 network 34
HDLC test program, running 46 packet 34
hdlc_user test program physical 34
help feature 47 presentation 34
Header session 34
MLP 58 transport 34
protocol 51 Local charging prevention facility 94
SAP 62, 156 Logical channel 35
Help feature conflicts 97
hdlc_user test program 47 facility registration 94, 95
x25_manager test program 43, 118 Loopback cable installation 39
x25_svc test program 44 Loopback testing 53, 55, 120, 123, 124
History of revisions 23
M
I Management
I-frame 58, 63 data link connectivity 101
diagram 59 diagnostic packets 102
received 104 Freeway operations 101
sent 104 modem control signal 102, 173
too long 103 statistics maintenance 103
I-frames MANAGER application 37
large HDLC 51, 58 MLP 53
Incoming calls 68 certification 111
barred facility 90 features 35
relative to DTE 37, 72 overview

208 DC 900-1345H
 Index

R2X retry limits 70 MX window guard region 65

station resources 83
T2X call service timers 68 N
MLP configuration 62 Network
certification 111 OSI support 107
CS API 170 NRZ 53
data links 66 NRZI 53
CS API 170
MT1 lost frame timer 63 O
CS API 170 Operating system
x25_manager 133 Protogate’s real-time 26
MT2 group busy timer 64 OSI network support 107
CS API 170 Outgoing calls
x25_manager 133 barred facility 90
MT3 reset confirmation timer 64 relative to DTE 37, 72
CS API 170 Overrun errors 103
x25_manager 133 Overview
MW multilink window 65 configuration and startup steps 37
CS API 170 embedded ICP 26
x25_manager 133 Freeway server 25
MX window guard region 65 Multilink procedures
CS API 170 product 25
x25_manager 133 X.25 protocol 34
Modem control X.25/HDLC 32
X.21 bis interface 198
Modem control signal P
debounce time 76, 102
Packet data size
HDLC configuration 38
facility registration 94
management 102
flow control negotiation 75
monitoring 75, 102, 173, 187
negotiation 51
Modem control signal monitoring 102
Packet window size 77, 85
Modem signals 195, 197
facility registration 89, 93, 95
MONITOR command 38, 145
flow control negotiation 75, 89
BRIEF 150
Packets
display fields 147
format 156
EXCEPTIONS 150
Freeway to MANAGER application 179
FULL 150
MANAGER application to Freeway 156
LINKS 150
statistics reported 104
sample output 146
Physical level
Monitor links 171, 184
X.21 bis interface 196
MT1 lost frame timer 63
X.21/V.11 interface 195
MT2 group busy timer 64
Physical level considerations
MT3 reset confirmation timer 64
Polling 61, 73
Multilink procedures, see MLP
Preface 17
MW multilink window 65
Product

DC 900-1345H 209
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

features 29 SMALL 128

introduction 25 CALLSERVICE 134
overview 25 CERTMODE 139
support 24 DTEADDRESSLENGTH 138
DTECALLING 135
R FASTSELECT 135
R2X retry limits 70 FLOWNEGOTIATION 135
certification 111 INCOMINGCALLS 135
Raw HDLC access 191 LCNBOUNDS 136
Read control line 102 MODULUS 136
Reference documents 19 R20 136
REJ 56 R22 136
call service support 70, 71, 76 R23 136
certification 112 R25 136
conflicts 97 R27 136
facility availability 92 R28 136
facility registration 89 REJ 137
Responses RESTARTS 137
Freeway to MANAGER application 179 REVERSE 137
packet format 156 T20 137
Restarts 76, 105 T21 137
certification 112 T22 137
Retry limit 59, 61, 63, 64, 73 T23 137
Reverse charging T24 137
acceptance facility 90, 93 T25 138
call service 67 T26 138
facility 93 T27 138
Revision history 23 T28 138
rlogin 29 TL1 138
RNR frame 64 TOANPIDTEADDRESSFORMAT 139
RNR packet 69 X25PROFILE 138
RPOA selection facility 94 MLP 132
RR frame 60, 64 MT1 133
RR packet 69 MT2 133
MT3 133
S MW 133
SAP MX 133
HDLC 38, 152 PVC 139
X.25 101, 152 LCN 140
SAPMLP command 143 STATION 140
SAPSLP command 144 WINDOW 140
SAPX25 command 126 REQUEST 141
BUFFERS 127 CLEARSTATISTICS 143
BIG 128 DISABLE 142
CIRCUITS 128 LREADSTATISTICS 143

210 DC 900-1345H
 Index

LSAMPLESTATISTICS 143 X.21 bis interface 198

READSTATISTICS 142 X.21/V.11 interface 196
SAMPLESTATISTICS 142 Station ID 84
SLP 128 Station resource configuration 82, 84, 158, 162
CLOCK 129 LCGN 85
DXE 130 CS API 162
EIA 130 x25_manager 141
GAP 130 LCN 84
LINKS 130 CS API 162
MODULUS 130 x25_manager 140
N2 130 packet window size 85
RATE 131 CS API 162
RAW 131 x25_manager 140, 141
SIZE 131 station ID 84
SREJ 131 CS API 162
T1 131 x25_manager 140, 141
T2 131 Station resources 82
T3 131 configured 84
T4 132 dynamic 85
WINDOW 132 virtual circuits 83
SVC 140 Statistics
LCGN 141 clear command 103
STATION 141 CS API 172
WINDOW 141 x25_manager 143
VERSION 127 errors reported 103
Segmentation buffer size 50, 110 maintenance 103
buf_length parameter 50 read 32-bit command
Server processor 26 x25_manager 143
Service access point, see SAP read and clear command
Session CS API 171
closing 32 read command 103
opening 32 CS API 163
Signals x25_manager 142
modem 195, 197 read response
SLP 35 CS API 179, 181
MLP configuration 62, 63 sample 32-bit command
SNMP 29 x25_manager 143
Software sample command 103
download 31 CS API 156, 173
Software version data 49 x25_manager 142
SREJ selective recovery 192, 193, 194 Support, product 24
Startup steps
HDLC 38 T
X.25 37, 115, 152, 153 T1 retry timer 59, 61, 63, 64, 73
State transitions certification 111

DC 900-1345H 211
X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide

T2 acknowledgment delay timer 60 VxWorks 26

certification 111
T2X call service timers 68 W
certification 111 WAN interface processor 26
T3 idle link timer 61 Watchdog errors 104
certification 111
T4 link integrity timer 61 X–Z
certification 111 X.21 bis 34
TCP/IP 29 X.21 bis interface 196
Technical support 24 circuits 197
telnet 29 state transitions 198
Test equipment terminology 198
certification 109 X.21/V.11
Test programs 39 interface 195
hardware setup 39 X.21/V.11 clock source 61
hdlc_user help feature 47 X.21/V.11 interface
modem setup 39 circuits 196
sample output for X.25 45 state transitions 196
x25_manager help feature 43, 118 X.25
x25_svc help feature 44 certification 109
Throughput class fw2000_svc.setup file 120, 123
assignment 94 protocol summary 34
negotiation facility 91 X.25 operation profile
registration facility 93 CCITT 1984 78
Timeout 70, 183 CCITT 1988 81
TL1 link activation timer 71 CCITT X.25 1980 profile 78
HDLC 38 certification 112
Transport subsystem interface (TSI) 31 ISO 8208 80
maximum frame data size 59
U unrestricted 78
Underrun errors 104 X.25 test program
Unrecognized frames 104 sample output 43, 44, 45, 47, 118
Unrestricted X.25 profile 78 X.25 test program, running 42
x25_manager 115
V hints 116
Virtual circuit 35 use during installation 41
call establishment 75, 89 x25_manager test program
duration of 84 help feature 43, 118
MANAGER application access 52 x25_svc test program 42
maximum 52, 110 help feature 44
MLP 102 X.25/HDLC
PVC 83 test programs 39
configured station resources 84
SVC 83
dynamic station resources 85

212 DC 900-1345H
 X.25/HDLC Configuration Guide
DC 900-1345H

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