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Smart Glovefor Tremor Detection Final

The document describes a smart glove system to detect tremors in Parkinson's disease patients using an accelerometer and vibration sensor. The system plots a graph of finger and wrist vibrations to analyze tremor intensity. Testing showed the prototype was able to successfully detect tremors and had potential to help treat Parkinson's disease.

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15 views

Smart Glovefor Tremor Detection Final

The document describes a smart glove system to detect tremors in Parkinson's disease patients using an accelerometer and vibration sensor. The system plots a graph of finger and wrist vibrations to analyze tremor intensity. Testing showed the prototype was able to successfully detect tremors and had potential to help treat Parkinson's disease.

Uploaded by

skf78619
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Smart Glove for Tremor Detection

Abstract . Parkinson's disease (PD) must be accurately diagnosed in the early


stages. In PD, the premotor stage should be closely observed. We designed a
smart glove for tremor detection, to detect whether a person is affected by
Parkinson’s disease or not. To detect the tremors, an accelerometer and vibration
sensor is embedded in a glove. Based on the intensity of the tremor, a graph is
plotted in a serial plotter which is easily understandable. The peaks of the graph
will help us classify the intensity of Tremors.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Vibration sensor, Accelerometer, Arduino.

1 INTRODUCTION

Parkinson's disease, which affects the quality of life for millions of elderly people
worldwide, is fast emerging as a significant central nervous system degenerative illness.
Due to the variability of the disease, PD symptoms might progress differently from one
person to the next. Parkinson's disease sufferers may experience tremors, primarily
while at rest(8). Numerous tremors kinds can occur, including hand tremors, limb
rigidity, and issues with walking and balance. Generally speaking, there are two
categories of PD symptoms: those that are motor-related and those that are not (non-
motor). Patients who have non-motor symptoms are more impacted than those whose
primary symptoms are motor(4). Depression, sleep behavior issues, a loss of smell, and
cognitive impairment are examples of nonmotor symptoms. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) has said that PD complications are the 14th most
common cause of mortality in the US. In particular, it is estimated that the economic
burden associated with PD, which includes treatment costs, social security benefits, and
lost income, is around $52 billion per year in the United States alone. In actuality, there
are more than 10 million PD sufferers worldwide(9). It should be highlighted that
timely PD detection greatly speeds up treatment and symptom relief, as described.
Therefore, detecting Parkinson's disease (PD) early on is crucial for slowing down the
illness's course and may enable individuals to obtain disease-modifying therapies when
they become available.
2

2 LITERATURE SURVEY

Numerous institutes throughout the world have conducted a significant amount of


research to develop a practical and affordable tool for tremor control. Hand tremors are
oscillatory movements that are rhythmic in one or more body parts. The most prevalent
illness, which impacts over 3.8 million individuals worldwide, is Parkinsonian tremor.
We can identify tremors in patients and administer the proper treatment with periodic
tests. The Electromyography technique is the method that doctors use the most
frequently to distinguish between the various forms of tremors. Since EMG is quite
expensive and necessitates periodic check-ups to gauge the patient's progress, not
everyone can afford to pay for repeated examinations.
The examination of tremor features under resting-state and stress-state
circumstances had been suggested by Hong Ji Lee et al. Using an accelerometer on the
finger, the tremor was measured during the postural tremor and rest tremor while in the
stress state and resting state (doing a computation task). We compared the variations in
the peak power, peak frequency, mean frequency, and power spectral density (PSD)
distribution of tremor across situations. (7) A discussion centered on pathophysiology,
pathology, genetics, treatments, and clinical trials had been suggested by Shill HA et
al. To collect data consistently for genetic, clinical, neurophysiological, and
pathological studies, the paper advises adopting common data items. Patients should be
adequately investigated in 2 order to get biopsies, characterize the course of the clinical
condition, and achieve patient-centered results(6). Scales and transducers can both
detect changes in amplitude that are more than random variability due to the extreme
magnitude of this variability. The identification of related actions and the detection of
tremors are done through data analysis. The difference in movement frequency is used
to identify tremors, and voluntary activities can also be identified. It aids medical
professionals in determining how a particular action and a tremor are related.
Cheraghizanjani et al. have proposed a study to help neurologists gauge and categorize
the amount and range of tremors in some individuals with neurological disorders. A
tremor testing apparatus was created and built. Two laser displacement sensors were
used to measure the localized tremor behavior in the X (horizontal) and Y (vertical)
directions. (5)
Postural and rest tremors, two different forms of tremor conditions were covered in
this essay. (Rest Tremor: 2 to 10 Hz; Postural Tremor: 4 to 10 Hz; Action Tremor: 10
Hz or greater.). The severity of rest, postural, and movement tremors were properly
assessed using least-square-estimation models. The tremor evaluation approach also
incorporated a time-frequency signal analysis algorithm for tremor state detection(3).
Anto Bennet et al. suggested using portable technology to continuously measure
tremors throughout everyday activities. The module is made up of a smartphone, a
remote server, and a smartwatch with a triaxial accelerometer. Several ET sufferers
participated in a trial. The estimated average effective time for data collection for each
patient was 26 (6.05) hours. (2).
3

3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Influencing the international quality of life for millions of senior citizens. Due to the
variability of the disease, PD symptoms might progress differently from one person to
the next. Patients with Parkinson's disease may experience symptoms, primarily
tremors while at rest. Numerous tremors kinds can occur, including hand tremors, limb
rigidity, and issues with walking and balance. Patients who exhibit non-motor
symptoms are more adversely affected than those whose primary symptoms are motor.
Depression, sleep behavior issues, a loss of smell, and cognitive impairment are
examples of non-motor symptoms. To detect Parkinson's disease (PD), a smart glove
containing an accelerometer and vibration sensor is introduced. to identify resting
tremors as the primary Parkinson's disease symptom. This technique allows us to
identify the vibration's strength and categorize the disease's stage.

Fig. 1. Block diagram of the system

3.1 Test Tasks and compatible Parameters

Neurologists believe that some factors should be considered while determining the
severity of the parkinsonian tremor. The following parameters are acquired through
sensor signal processing and shown in the GUI:
1. Parkinsonian tremor magnitude (R)
2. Parkinsonian tremor dominant frequency (F)

The primary frequency of a parkinsonian tremor determines the size of the tremor
(3.5-7.5 Hz)[2].
4

4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

The components used in the System are:

• Arduino Uno
• Accelerometer
• MPU 6050
• Vibration Sensor
• Arduino IDE

4.1 Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It


is a popular development board that is widely used for building digital devices and
interactive projects. The Arduino Uno board has 14 digital input/output pins, six analog
inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, and an ICSP header.

Fig. 2. Arduino Uno R3

4.2 Accelerometer

The ADXL335 is a three-axis accelerometer sensor that measures acceleration along


the X, Y, and Z axes.

Fig. 3.Accelerometer(ADXL335)
5

4.3 MPU 6050

The MPU6050 sensor is a popular 6-axis motion tracking device that combines a 3-axis
gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer in a single package. The MPU6050 sensor can
measure angular velocity and acceleration along the X, Y, and Z axes.

Fig. 4. MPU 6050

4.4 Vibration Sensor

Vibration is the mechanical oscillation of a machine or component about its equilibrium


position or just the back-and-forth motion of a machine or component.

Fig. 5. Vibration Sensor

4.5 Arduino IDE

Tracking various data sent from your Arduino board is easy using the Serial Plotter
utility. It works similarly to the regular Serial Monitor tool, which prints data "terminal
style," but it's a superior visual tool that will make it easier for you to comprehend and
contrast your data.

5 CIRCUIT CONSTRUCTION
6

Fig. 6. Circuit Diagram

6 RESULTS

To detect the intensity of tremors in Parkinson's patients, a graph is plotted in a serial


plotter. The blue graph represents the vibration of the finger, the red graph represents
the vibration of the wrist.

Fig. 7. Prototype
7

Fig. 8. Result of Proposed System

7 CONCLUSION

Detection of tremors using an accelerometer and vibration sensors is developed in this


project. A better system to treat Parkinson’s disease which can control the tremors and
the rigidity in the body movements could be developed.
This project is very useful to the medical industry as it is a very practical and useful
project.

8 REFERENCES

1. A.Cheraghizanjani, A. As’arry, Z.M.Yusop, M.Z.Md.Zain, M. Hussein, “Measurement and


Behaviour Classification of Tremor Patients” in international journal of biology and
biomedical engineering, Issue 3, Volume 5, 2011.
2. Dr.AntoBennet, M, Sankaranarayanan S, SankarBabu G, “ Performance & Analysis of
Effective Iris Recognition System Using Independent Component Analysis”, Journal of
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 08(03): 571-576, August 2015.
3. Dr.AntoBennet, M, SankarBabu G, Natarajan S, “Reverse Room Techniques for Irreversible
Data Hiding”, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 08(03): 469-475,
September 2015.
4. Houde Dai, Pengyue Zhang, 3 and Tim C. Lueth2, “ Quantitative Assessment of
Parkinsonian Tremor Based on an Inertial Measurement Unit” in Sensors 2015,15,25055-
25071;doi:10.3390/s151025055
5. Rodger J Elble, James McNames, “Using Portable Transducers to Measure Tremor
Severity” 2016. Doi:10.7916/D8DR2VCC.
6. Shill HA, Frosch MP, DeuschlG, “Knowledge gaps and research recommendations for
essential tremor, Parkinsonism and Related Disorders”, 2016.
Pp.511,doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.10.002.aoch enZheng, Joaqu, ”Detection and
8

Analysis of Tremor Using a System Based on Smart Device and NoSQL Database” in the
6th IESM Conference, October 2015, Seville, Spain.
7. Swathy, LizyAbraham, “Vibration Monitoring Using MEMS Digital Accelerometer with
ATmega and Lab VIEW Interface for Space Application” International Journal of
Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 5, July 2017.

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