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Worksheet (Life Processes)

The document discusses the process of autotrophic nutrition in plants. It explains that autotrophs take in carbon dioxide and water and convert them into carbohydrates using sunlight and chlorophyll. The carbohydrates provide energy for the plant and excess is stored as starch. It describes the key events of this process including absorption of light energy, conversion to chemical energy, and carbon dioxide reduction. It also discusses how plants take in these substances and transport other materials throughout the plant.

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17 views

Worksheet (Life Processes)

The document discusses the process of autotrophic nutrition in plants. It explains that autotrophs take in carbon dioxide and water and convert them into carbohydrates using sunlight and chlorophyll. The carbohydrates provide energy for the plant and excess is stored as starch. It describes the key events of this process including absorption of light energy, conversion to chemical energy, and carbon dioxide reduction. It also discusses how plants take in these substances and transport other materials throughout the plant.

Uploaded by

aakansha8440
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION

➔ It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms
of energy. This material is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water which is converted into
carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
➔ Carbohydrates are utilised for providing energy to the plant.
➔ The carbohydrates which are not used immediately are stored in the form of starch, which serves as the
internal energy reserve to be used as and when required by the plant. A somewhat similar situation is seen in
humans where some of the energy derived from the food we eat is stored in our body in the form of
glycogen.

The following events occur during this process


(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.
(ii) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
(iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
These steps need not take place one after the other immediately. For example, desert plants take up carbon dioxide
at night and prepare an intermediate which is acted upon by the energy absorbed by the chlorophyll during the day.

★ Plants obtain carbon dioxide through stomata which are tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves.
★ Massive amounts of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through these pores for the purpose of
photosynthesis. Exchange of gases occurs across the surface of stems, roots and leaves as well.
★ Since large amounts of water can also be lost through these stomata, the plant closes these pores when it
does not need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
★ The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells. The guard cells swell when water flows
into them, causing the stomatal pore to open. Similarly the pore closes if the guard cells shrink.

➢ Water used in photosynthesis is taken up from the soil by the roots in terrestrial plants.
➢ Other materials like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and magnesium are taken up from the soil.
➢ Nitrogen is an essential element used in the synthesis of proteins and other compounds are taken up in the
form of inorganic nitrates or nitrites or it is taken up as organic compounds which have been prepared by
bacteria from atmospheric nitrogen.

FOLLOWING ARE THE QUESTIONS GIVEN IN NCERT FROM THE CHAPTER ‘LIFE PROCESSES’.
DO THEM IN YOUR FAIR NOTEBOOK.

1. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?
2. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
3. What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?
4. What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
5. What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
6. Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
7. What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
8. What is the function of digestive enzymes?
9. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
10. What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen
for respiration?
11. What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?
12. How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
13. How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange of gases?
14. What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these
components?
15. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
16. What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
17. How are water and minerals transported in plants?
18. How is food transported in plants?
19. Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.
20. What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
21. How is the amount of urine produced regulated?
22. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
23. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
24. What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts?
25. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the
anaerobic mode of respiration.
26. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
27. What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
28. Describe double circulation of blood in human beings. Why is it necessary?
29. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
30. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure
and functioning.

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