1- Convergent-Divergent

Rule :
Convergent : Results of N approaches a certain number
Divergent : Results of N change from one another.
Examples :
Apply the rules

Use calculator,
N₁ = -1
N₂ =2
N₃ = 4
N₄ = -8
Then its Divergent because
the numbers are far apart

2- Sigma Notation
Rule : When the Sigma Notation approaches infinity in the

Σ
question use a big number in the calculator
N (Last Term)

Σ
∞ (Last Term)

A (First Term)
A (First Term)
Whenever you see Sigma Notation in the question use calculator
Examples :
Apply the rules

3- Arithmetic Sequence
Rule :
A Term = a Number of term = n Difference = d = A₂-A₁ Sum = S
Arithmetic rule Arithmetic Sum rule
aₙ = a₁ +(n-1)d Sₙ = n/2(2a₁ +(n-1)d) Or Sₙ = n/2(a₁ + aₙ)
Examples :
Apply the rules Will come in exam with numbers. (KEEP)
An auditorium has 20 rows of seats. There are
Find the sum of Find the 17th partial sum of 20 seats in the first row, 21 seats in the second
–3 + 2 + 7 + ... + 157 53 + 31 + 9 + ... row, 22 seats in the third row, and so on. How
Step 1: Step 3: many seats are there in all 20 rows?
Identify givens Use the Sum rule
aₙ=157
a₁ = -3
Sₙ = n/2(a₁ + aₙ)
d=5 = 33/2(-3+157)
n = ?? Sₙ = 2541
Step 2:
Find the
missing given
aₙ = a₁ +(n-1)d
157 = -3+(n-1)5
33 = n
 4 - Geometric sequence
Rule :
Ratio : r = a₂/a₁
explicit formula : Percentage formula : Sum Rule : Sum,∞ Rule :
aₙ = arⁿ⁻¹ aₙ =a(100-Given %)ⁿ Sₙ = a(rⁿ-1) / (r-1) S∞ = a / (1-r)
Examples :
Apply the rulesMay come in the exams with number (KEEP)
Find 7th term 3rd term = 36 Find Common Find 11th term Find the sum of the
8, 12, 18, .... 6th term = 972 ratio –122, 115.9, ... first eleven terms
24, 84, 294, ... 4, –6, 9, ...
Step 1 : Find 1st term
Step 1 :
Step 1 : Step 1 :
Find givens Step 1 : Find givens
Find givens Find givens
a=7 Find givens
a₃ = 36 = ar²
a₁ = 7
r = a₂/a₁ = 12/8 a₆ = 972 = ar⁵ a₂ = -6
r = 1.5 r = a₂/a₁
Step 2 :
Step 2 : Use Rule Step 2 : S₁₁ = ??
Step 2 : Step 2 :
Use Rule explicit formula :
Use Rule Use Rule
explicit formula : aₙ = arⁿ⁻¹ Use Rule
ar² = 36 r = a₂/a₁ explicit formula : r = a₂/a₁
aₙ = arⁿ⁻¹ aₙ = arⁿ⁻¹
a₇ = 8*1.5(⁷⁻¹) ar⁵= 972 Sₙ = a(rⁿ-1) / (r-1)
ar⁵ / ar² = 972 / 36 r = -6/4 = -1.5
a₇ = 91.125
Use calculator S₁₁ =
(shift solve) 4(-1.5¹¹-1) / (-1.5-1)
r=3 S₁₁ = 140
Jeremy purchased a boat for $12,500. Value of
the boat depreciates 4%.
A) Write Explicit formula
B) find the value after 12 years

A) B) A) B)
C) Step 1 :
Step 1 : Step 1 : Step 1 :
Step 1 : a = 12,500
a₂ = 40 = ar n = 11 Determine Rule
n = 11 Given% = 4 aₙ =12,500(100-0.4)ⁿ
a₅ = 20.48 = ar⁵ a = 50
r = ar⁵ / ar r = 0.8
a = 50
Step 2 : Step 2 :
a = ?? Step 2 : Use Rule Use Rule
Step 2 : Use Rule
Step 2 : Use Rule
Percentage formula : aₙ =12,500(100-0.4)ⁿ

Use Rule Sum,∞ Rule : aₙ =a(100-Given %)ⁿ a₁₂ =12,500(100-0.4)¹²

Sum Rule : aₙ =12,500(100-0.4)ⁿ a₁₂ =$7658.87
ar⁴ / ar = 20.48/ 40 S∞ = a / (1-r)
Sₙ = a(rⁿ-1) / (r-1)
Use calculator S∞ =
(shift solve) S₁₁ =
r = 0.8 50(0.8¹¹-1) / 50 /
ar = 40 (0.8-1) (1-0.8)
a(0.8) = 40
S₁₁ = 223 S∞ = 250
a = 50
 5- Binomial theorem
Rule :
aₙ = ₙcᵣ(a)ⁿ⁻ʳ(b)ʳ
When the middle sign is negative
Alternate between + and -
Probability rule coefficient of (r)th term :
ₙcₓ(p)ˣ(q)ⁿ⁻ˣ ₙcᵣ₋₁ (a)ⁿ⁻ʳ(b)ʳ
Examples :
Apply the rules May come in the exams with number (KEEP)
expand Find coefficient of Find coefficient of Find coefficient of
(2x+ 3)⁶ 4th a⁷b³ in (a–2b)¹⁰ 4th in (1–x)⁷ x⁷y in (3x–4y)⁸
use rule use rule use rule
₆c₀ (2)⁶(3)⁰ coefficient of (r)th term : coefficient of (r)th term : coefficient of (r)th term :

+₆c₁ (2)⁵(3)¹ ₙcᵣ₋₁ (a)ⁿ⁻ʳ(b)ʳ

10c3 (1)⁷(-2)³
+₆c₂ (2)⁴(3)² Use calculator
+₆c₃ (2)³(3)³ = -960 Now add
letters
+₆c₄ (2)²(3)⁴ -960a⁷b³
+₆c₅ (2)¹(3)⁵
+₆c₆ (2)⁰(3)⁶
Use calculator
for each term

Those examples in exam 100% (KEEP)

A fair coin is flipped 10 times. Find the

probability of getting exactly 3 tail

Step 1 : Step 2 :
Givens Use Rule
P = 1/2 Probability rule
q = 1/2 ₙcₓ(p)ˣ(q)ⁿ⁻ˣ
n = 10 10c3(1/2)³(1/2)¹⁰⁻³
x=3