Paul - CROSSWORD

SUSTINABLE DEVELOPMENT.pdf

1.1 Environment
1. Define Environment. Discuss briefly about the components of the Environment.

Paul b- CROSSWORD
SUSTINABLE DEVELOPMENT.pdf

1.1.1 Definitions :
 Environment: surrounding in which an organization operates, including air, water, land,
natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation.
 Environmental impact: any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial,
wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects.
 Environmental objective: overall environmental goals, consistent with the environmental
policy, that an organization sets itself to achieve.
 Environmental performance: measurable results of an organization’s management of its
environmental aspects.
 Environmental policy: overall intentions and direction of an organization related to its
environmental performance as formally expressed by top management.

1.2 Classification of Environment

1. Non-living or Physical component or Abiotic component
2. Living or Biological or Biotic componen
1.2.1 Non-living or Physical component or Abiotic component

1.2.1.1 Atmosphere (Air)

1.2.1.2 Hydrosphere (Water)

 Consists of surface, ground and oceanic waters.
 70% of earth’s surface is water. 70% of our body weight is also water.
 Water is a medium of all biochemical reactions in plants and animals.
 The waters of the oceans have an almost uniform composition.
 Nearly 80 elements occur in sea water, which can be source for their extraction in future.
 At present, salt, magnesium and its compound and bromine are produced from sea water.
 Clean water for drinking (a metabolic requirement of all living process),
 Water for washing, cooking, in agriculture, industry, for creating hydro power.
 Food resources from sea.
 Around 3% of water is in extreme locations incl glaciers

1.2.1.3 Lithosphere (Land)

 Stone, sand, gravel used in construction
 Soil, the basis of agriculture to provide food.
 Micronutrients in soil, essential for plant growth
 A large no. of minerals on which industries are based
 Microscopic flora, smallsoil fauna, and fungi in soil important living organisms of the
lithosphere, which breaks down plant litter as well as animal wastes to provide nutrients
for plants.
  Oil, Coal and Gas extracted from underground sources, it provides power to vehicles,
agriculture machinery, industry, and for our homes.
Lithosphere begin as a hot ball of matter which formed the earth about 4.6 billion years ago.
About 3.2 billion years ago, the Earth cooled down considerably and very special event
took place. ……………..life began on our planet

1.2.2 Biosphere

1. Plants
2. Microbes
3. Animals incl Mankind

1.3 Questions based on Environmental Management

2. Define Environemtal Management Explain in detail about the need and significance of
Environment Management.
3. List the goals of Environment Management.
4. List various Environmental Management tools and techniques. Explain anyone in detail.
5. How is knowledge of Environmental Management useful to contemporary managers?

1.4 Environment Management

 “The process of allocating natural and artificial resources so as to make optimum use of
the evironment in satisfying basic human needs, at the minimum, and more, if possible, on
a sustainable basis”. (Jolly, 1978)
 “Environmental management – a generic description of a process undertaken by systems
oriented professionals with a natural science, social science or less commonly, an
engineering, law or design background, tackling problem of human altered environment
on an interdisciplinary basis from a quantitative and/or futuristic viewpoint”. (Downey,
1989).
 “An approach which goes beyond natural resources management to encompass the political
and social as well as the natural environment”. (Clarke, 1999)
 Environment management is the process of allocating natural and man-made
resources so as to make optimum use of the environment in satisfying not only the
existing basic human needs but of the coming generations also. This management
implies an element of conscious choice from a variety of alternative proposals and
furthermore that such a choice involves purposeful commitment for recognized and
desired objectives.

1.5 Role of environmental manager

 is to interface with ecology, economics, law, politics, etc. while developing EM action plan
(key elements include environmental policy, audit, EM systems standards and external
standards).
 In fact planning activities have long term impacts on the environment hence they should
be managed at all levels (regional, national and international).
 This implies that an environmental manager must think globally and act locally‟ and adopt
a long-term holistic outlook.

1.6 Goals of EM
 preventing and resolving environmental problems;
 establishing limits;
 establishing and nurturing institutions that effectively support environmental research,
monitoring and management;
 identifying threats and opportunities;
 sustaining and, if possible, improving existing resources;
 improving the quality of life;
 Identifying environmentally sound technologies or policies.
1.7 Environmental Management tools
 Environment assessment (EA).
 Economic assessment, usually through cost-benefit analysis (CBA).
 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).
 Environment audits.
 Waste minimisation programs and environmental management systems.
 Life cycle assessments (LCA).
 Environmental design (ED).

1.8 Career Oportunities

1. Chief Sustainability Officer.

2. LEED-Accredited Design Professional.
3. Environmental Lawyer. ...
4. Geoscientist. ...
5. Environmental Engineer. ...
6. Hydrologist. ...
7. Environmental Scientist. ...
8. Urban Farmer
9. Sustainability Specialist.
10. Sustainable Architecture Specialist.
11. Ecosystem Restoration Adviser.
12. Environmental Management Coordinator

Environmental managers:
 are responsible for making sure an organization is compliant with environmental regulations
in areas such as air quality, waste, clean water, and pollution. Environmental managers play a
scientific and administrative role in an organization.

Chief Sustainability Officer

A relatively new position, Chief Sustainability Officers serve as corporate champions of

companies’ environmental efforts. "Companies are monitoring the impact they're having
environmentally and on society, and the appointment of the CSO reflects an underlying need for
companies to not only monitor but also improve their performance.

LEED-Accredited Design Professional

LEED, which stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is the gold standard
for environmental engineering and building. Architects, engineers, designers and other
professionals can take the LEED Professional Exams and become certified.

Environmental Lawyer

Environmental Lawyers advise clients on issues related to air and water quality, hazardous waste,
sustainability, and more. Environmentalscience.org predicts that this profession will continue to
grow as climate change impacts the earth.

Geoscientist

 Some states require licensure for this job, which involves the study of the earth’s
composition, history, and natural resources. Geoscientists may work with environmental
scientists, and do their jobs both indoors (in offices and labs) and out (in the field). Travel
is typically required in this job, which can take workers to both hot and cold climates.
Environmental Engineer

 Environmental engineers use the principles of engineering, soil science, biology, and
chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems.

 They work to improve recycling, waste disposal, public health, and water and air pollution
control. They also address global issues, such as unsafe drinking water, climate change,
and environmental sustainability

Environmental Engineers advise governments and private companies on the best ways to minimize
the environmental impact of their projects. They might work on recycling programs, public health
policy, or plans to reduce air and water pollution

Urban Farmers

 Love growing your own food, but can’t imagine leaving city life (or at least, town life)
behind? Combine your passions with this dream green job.

 Urban farmers utilize (or create) green space in vacant lots, backyards, even rooftops. Stats
on urban farmers are hard to come by, but anecdotal evidence suggests this occupation is
becoming more popular. In recent years, some condo developments have even hired their
own on-staff urban farmer as a draw for potential buyers.

Conservation Scientist

 Conservation Scientists collect and analyze data to help manage parks and forests and protect
the environment.

 Work with governments and landowners to improve land utilization without negatively
impacting soil and water.
Urban Planner

 Urban Planners typically plan land use programs to help create and expand communities.
This is an important role, especially in cities and towns that are experiencing high
population growth.

 Two-thirds of Urban and Regional Planners worked for local government in 2014, per the
Bureau of LaborStatistics

1.9 Environmental issues relevant to India

1. What are the environmental issues relevant to India
2. Discuss in detail about various environmental concerns in India.

1. Reference: Environmental Management V Ramachandra and Vijay Kulkarni, TERI Pressapge

no: 27-29

lecture1
Introduction -Principles of Environment Management.pdf
•

We can categorise environmental concerns in India as those arising from negative effects of the
very process of development; and conditions of poverty and under development. The major
problems, which encompass the area of EM, are:
3. Burgeoning population and its impact on life support systems, which negate the positive
impacts of the developmental programmes.
4. Rapid growth in the population of domesticated animals over the past few decades
accompanied by a loss of area under grassland and pastures. Around 3.5% of the
geographical area is under grasslands, while the domesticated animal population numbers
nearly 500 million (1991).
5. Out of a total area of about 329 million hectares, 175 million hectares of land require
special treatment to restore them for productive and profitable use. Land degradation is
 caused by water and wind erosion (159 million ha), salinity and alkalinity (8 million ha),
and river action and other factors (7 million ha).
6. The forest wealth is dwindling due to overgrazing and over-exploitation both for
commercial and household needs, encroachments, unsustainable practices including
certain practices of shifting cultivation, and developmental activities such as roads,
buildings, irrigation and power projects.
7. The recorded forest cover in the country is about 75 million hectare, which is 19.5% of
the total geographical area against the national goal of 33% in the plains and 66% for hilly
regions. Even within this area, a meagre 11% constitutes forests with 40% or more of
crown cover. The annual rate of loss of the forest cover is 47,500 hectares.
8. The loss of habitat is leading to the extinction of plant, animal and microbial species. Over
1500 plant and animal species are in the endangered category.
9. The wetlands of India, which are rich in aquatic and bird life providing food and shelter
as also the breeding and spawning ground for the marine and fresh water fishes, are facing
problems of pollution and over-exploitation.
10. The major rivers of the country are facing problems of pollution and siltation. The
coastline is under stress and coastal areas have been severely damaged due to
indiscriminate construction, waste disposal near the water-line and aquaculture. Coastal
vegetation including mangroves and sea grasses is facing extinction. The mountain
ecosystems are under threat of serious degradation.
11. India is witnessing a rising requirement for forest based goods due which there is extensive
deforestation leading to severe loss of natural resources and in turn the erosion of valuable
topsoil, is threatening the livelihood and security of millions of hill people and also
encroachment into forest protected areas. (As a result of requirement of 70 million m3 of
round wood per year in India by the end of the decade and its transportation, there is fear
that this could result in loss of high conservation value forests and biodiversity elsewhere)
12. Increasing demand for water for different sectors such as agriculture, domestic, energy
generation, industry that resulted in depletion of water source. The quality of groundwater
is being affected due to chemical pollution and due to the ingress of seawater in coastal
areas.
 13. Absence of an integrated land and water use policy for the country has resulted in a heavy
toll of basic natural assets. Coral reef ecosystems are adversely affected by indiscriminate
exploitation of corals for production of lime, recreational use and for ornamental trade.
Island ecosystems are subjected to pressures of various forms including migration of
people from the main land.
14. Pollution arising from toxic wastes and non-biodegradable consumer articles is on the rise.
A large number of industries and other development projects are sited close to heavily
populated urban centres, leading to over congestion and over pollution, as also the
diversion of population and natural resources from the rural areas. especially in.
15. Mechanism to indigenously arrive at a reliable estimate of total greenhouse gas emissions
in the country, among various sources such as agriculture, animals, energy production and
consumption, forestry and land use change, waste management, etc., is inadequate. More
such reliable data, which is indigenously arrived at, is essential for negotiating
international law, treaties, protocols and conventions on environment-related problems
where developing countries are unduly pressurised.

It is often difficult to clearly delineate the causes and consequences of environmental degradation
in terms of simple cause effect relationships. The causes and effects are often interwoven in
complex webs of socio-economic, technological and implementation factors.

The liberalisation of economy in India in the recent past is expected to promote consumerism by
throwing a wide array of products with wide options to the consumers. This, in turn, is expected
to put pressure on the natural resources in the form of raw materials, and therefore, may deplete
the natural resources and cause irreversible damages. Several plant and animal species may
become extinct and the non-renewable resources may be exhausted soon depriving the future
generations of their benefits. This has been amply witnessed in the past in several western countries
where industrial revolution depleted the natural resources for generations to come. Today, these
countries are looking towards the developing countries for raw material and natural resources.
India should learn a lesson from the past experiences of industrial development within India and
outside of it.
1.9.1 Loss of area under grassland and pastures:
1. Around 3.5% of the geographical area is under grasslands, while the domesticated animal
population numbers nearly 500 million (1991).
2. Rapid growth in the population of domesticated animals over the past few decades
accompanied by a loss of area under grassland and pastures.
3. Out of a total area of about 329 million hectares, 175 million hectares of land require
special treatment to restore them for productive and profitable use.
4. Land degradation is caused by water and wind erosion (159 million ha), salinity and
alkalinity (8 million ha), and river action and other factors (7 million ha).

1.9.2 Forest wealth

The forest wealth is dwindling due to

1. Overgrazing
2. Oer-exploitation both for commercial and household needs
3. Encroachment
4. Unsustainable practices including certain practices of shifting cultivation, and
5. Developmental activities such as roads, buildings, irrigation and power projects.
Forest cover in country
• about 75 million hectare, which is 19.5% of the total geographical area.
• The annual rate of loss of the forest cover is 47,500 hectares.
• The loss of habitat is leading to the extinction of plant, animal and microbial species.
• Over 1500 plant and animal species are in the endangered category.

1.9.3 Wetlands
• are rich in aquatic and bird life providing food and shelter as also the breeding and
spawning ground for the marine and fresh water fishes
• are facing problems of pollution and over-exploitation.

1.9.4 Water bodies: Rivers and Coastal Areas

• Increasing demand for water for different sectors such as agriculture, domestic,
energy generation, industry that resulted in depletion of water source.
 • The quality of groundwater is being affected due to chemical pollution and due to
the ingress of seawater in coastal areas.

• The major rivers of the country are facing problems of pollution and siltation.

• The coastline is under stress and coastal areas have been severely damaged due to
indiscriminate construction, waste disposal near the water-line and aquaculture.

• Coastal vegetation including mangroves and sea grasses is facing extinction.

• Absence of an integrated land and water use policy for the country has resulted in
a heavy toll of basic natural assets.

The mountain ecosystems are under threat of serious degradation.

Pollution arising from toxic wastes and non biodegradable consumer articles is on the rise.

A large number of industries and other development projects are sited close to heavily populated
urban centers, leading to over congestion and over pollution

Mechanism to indigenously arrive at a reliable estimate of total greenhouse gas emissions in the
country, among various sources such as agriculture, animals, energy production and consumption,
forestry and land use change, waste management, etc., is inadequate. More such reliable data,
which is indigenously arrived at, is essential for negotiating international law, treaties, protocols
and conventions on environment-related problems where developing countries are unduly
pressurised.

1.10 Sustainable Development

Define Sustainable Development

Explain sustainable development goals

What is SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

Balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that
these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future.

Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

Today, sustainability tries to secure present needs without compromising the future generations.

How?

Without giving up any of the three essential pillars: environmental protection, social
development and economic growth.

1. Describe the energy scenario in the world and India?

01 Energy
cenario.pdf