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Adobe Scan 02-Jun-2024

The document discusses the process of respiration and breathing in humans. It describes the parts of the lungs involved in gas exchange and how oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the lungs and blood. It also explains the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration, how breathing is accomplished through changes in pressure and the roles of the diaphragm and rib muscles.

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xinmiu725
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8 views

Adobe Scan 02-Jun-2024

The document discusses the process of respiration and breathing in humans. It describes the parts of the lungs involved in gas exchange and how oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the lungs and blood. It also explains the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration, how breathing is accomplished through changes in pressure and the roles of the diaphragm and rib muscles.

Uploaded by

xinmiu725
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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270

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PvH Doeso)sute theonducbg part) nostrls up wIl h


whercas
u t ) eespirato)oCxchang° PHrgol he
T7e ontumg part trunsports
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thalveonory
res

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DeTWeCn blood and amospheric afr. diffusion of 0,atr
The lungs are situated in ththoracic chamben
an ir tighkhamber, The thoracic chamber /s which is
Jertcbraleolumn.entrallyby the Sternum, formed anato
thelowerside by th dome Materallyby the
shapedáiaphragmy
lungs in thorax is such that any change in The: dorsatilbyyn
cavily will be reflected in the
arrangement is essential for
the
lung (pulmonary). anatomical
volume of the hoter
pulmonary volume. breathing, as we cannot cavity. Such
Respiration involves the following steps:
directy alter
() Breathing or
is pulmonary ventilation
drawn inand CO, rich alveolar air isby which
(ii) Diffusion of gases (0,
and CO,) across alveolar
(ii) Transport of gases by the blood.
atmospheric:
released out

(iv) Difusion ofO, and


CO, between blood and
membrane.
(v) Utilisation ofO, bythe tissues
cells for catabolic
release of CO, (cellular respiration as dealtreactions
in the and
17.2
Chaptreesulr taln4).
MECHANISM OF BREATHING
Breathing ininvolves(two)stages
drawn and expiration byinspiration during which
air is
The movement of air into and out ofwhich the alveolar air is atmosphent
the lungs released nut
pressure gradient)betweenwithinthelungsand
can occur if the
is caried out bycreatinga
pressure the (ungs the(atmosphere Inspiration
(less)than theatmospheric pressure) i.e., intra-pulmonary pressure) is
thetungs ith there is
place when therespect to átmospheric pressure) Similary, anegativepressure in
pressure. intra-pulmonary pressure is (higherthan expiration takes
the atmosphert
ThediaphragmJand aspecialisedin set of muscle- external and
internalíntercostalsbetween theribs)help
Inspiration is
the (volumejofinitiated by the Contractionof generation such gradients of
thoracic chamber in the diaphragm which increases
(Contractionof (externalinter-costal antero-posterior
axis.,)The
muscles ifts up the rib and the

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