PROJECT

BHARTIYA CITY SEZ-3

BASEMENT-1

CFD REPORT FOR NORMAL AND FIRE VENTILATION

Supplier:
Harsha Vardhan Air Conditioning Engineers Pvt.
Ductless Car Park Ventilation CFD Analysis Report
FläktGroup India Private Limited
(formerly known as Fläktwoods ACS (India) Private Limited.)
3B, Udyog Vihar, Echotech-II, Greater Noida – 201306, (UP), India

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 1.0 Introduction:
Computational fluid dynamics, usually abbreviated as CFD, is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and
algorithms to solve and analyse problems that involve fluid flows’ is becoming a critical part of the design process now days.

The purpose of this report is to present the findings of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of the Jet Thrust Fan system
for the ‘Bhartiya City’ car park.

At FlaktGroup our philosophy embraces the idea that advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology combined with
an intelligent graphical interface results in a powerful simulation capability. Flatwoods offers solutions to various industries in
HVAC.

2.0 Software
The CFD software (“SolidWorks”) is used to model airflow caused by both air movement equipment and convection from heated
surfaces. The basic equations used by the software are

 Conservation of Mass (The continuity equation)

 Conservation of Linear Momentum (Newton’s Second Law)
 Conservation of Energy (First Law of Thermodynamics)

These basic equations are represented collectively as partial differential equations.

The software uses the mathematical method of Finite Volume Analysis. The model is divided into adjoining finite volumes with the
conservation equations represented in algebraic form being solved iteratively for each finite volume.
A Cartesian grid built up in the solution domain determines the finite volumes, known as grid cells. The grid is automatically lined up
with the geometry of the structure and ventilation system components in the model.

The software calculates solutions for x-velocity (u), y-velocity (v) and z-velocity (w).

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 1.1 Geometry

The initial point for the construction of the geometric model is a hollow cuboid enclosure. Into this enclosure solid cuboids and prisms
are added to build up structures and obstructions within the car park. Where appropriate the geometry of the car park has been
simplified to speed up the calculation and analysis time.

The height through the car park has been modelled as 3.775mtr.

1.2 Ventilation system

The ventilation system comprises of the car park fresh 6nos. F.A. fans and 6Nos. N. exhaust fan and 6nos. S. Exhaust, these have
been modelled as fans with fixed flow out of the system.

There are 33 numbers 400 mm diameter standard profile car park Jet fans located at the slab of the car park. These fans are modelled
as dual volume flows and can be positioned as required within the system.

1.3 CFD outputs

The solution results are presented as graphical outputs including:

 Velocity Plot
 Particle flow animations

The CFD outputs are presented in appendix 1.

Instructions on viewing the particle animations may be found in appendix 2.

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 Section 1: Geometric Plots

Plot 1: 3D view of the car park showing the entry opening & Section view with roof.

Plot 2: Isometric view of the car park with the roof removed

Plot 3: Section View

Section 2: General Vent Plots without Jet Fans

Plot 4: Speed plot

Section 3: Normal Vent Plots with Jet Fans

Plot 5: Plan View

Plot 6: Velocity plot at 0.5m
Plot 7: Velocity plot at 1.5m
Plot 8: Velocity plot at 2.5m
Plot 9: Particle animation Isometric View
Plot 10: Speed Plot 0.0 to 0.2/s
Plot 11: Co concentration plot(ppm)

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3.0 Results
Section 1: Geometric Plots

Plot 1 to 3&5 Geometric plots

These plots show the construction of the 3D model, the layout of the car park and main obstructions to the airflow. The locations of the
ventilation components such as the extract fans and Jet fans are identified in the plots 2 and 3.

Section 2: General Ventilation plots without Jet Fans

Plot 4: Air speed plot through the car park

This plot shows the dead spots in the car park where there is not enough ventilation without jet fans.

Section 3: General Ventilation plots with Jet Fans

Plot 6 to 8: Air Velocity plots at varying heights through the car park
These plots show the speed of the air at different heights through the car park.
The air Velocity is generally greater than 0.1m/s for the majority of the car park.
There are some small-localised regions of lower air speed where the air speeds are in the order of 0.025 m/s to 0.1 m/s.

Plot 9: Particle animation

This plot is a particle animation which shows the overall distribution of the airflow from entry/exit ramps opening to the extract point.
The animation demonstrates that the airflow is well distributed throughout the car park.

Plot 10 for Normal Mode: Speed Plot 0.0 to 0.2 m/s

This plot shows air speed near ramps entry and exhaust fan area.

Plot - 11 for Normal mode: CO plot

Plot shows majority of the area CO PPM level with in permissible limit 35 PPM as per ASHRAE 2007 and 25 PPM NBC 2005 (National Building Code
of India) Standard.

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4.0 Discussion.

The plots shown in this report demonstrate that the inlet air through ramps is well distributed throughout the car park prior to extraction.
The inlet air enters the car park through supply fan and the air is immediately entrained into the Jets from Jet fans.

The airflow at low level (0.5 – 2.5m) from the floor of the car park continues to flow across the car park in the space between Jet fans.

The air that is drawn up to high level by the Jet fans is accelerated towards the extract point. As the Jets of air develop across the car park the
surrounding air is entrained into the Jets creating a well-developed flow across the full area of the car park.
The air speeds throughout the car park are generally above 0.1m/s for general ventilation. There are localised regions in the car park where
there are lower air speeds. The main causes are:
 Sudden changes in the flow direction due to obstructions within the car park
 Where two or more different flow paths meet resulting in a change in the flow direction.
 Where the airflow is ‘shadowed’ by an obstruction within the car park resulting in lower air speeds in the region behind the obstruction.

In all of the areas where there are slightly lower air speeds, the Jet fans have been positioned to ensure that there is a net flow of air into and out of
these areas.

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Section 1: Geometric Plots
Plot 1: 3D view of Basement showing

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Plot 2: Isometric view of the car park with the roof removed

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Plot-3: Section View

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Section 2: General Vent Plots without Jet Fans
Plot 4: Air speed plot without Jet Fan

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 NORMAL MODE CFD PLOT

Plot 5: Plan view of the car park).

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Section 3: Normal Vent Plots with Jet Fans
Plot 6: Velocity plot at 0.5m height (Normal Mode)

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Plot 7: Velocity plot at 1.5m (Normal Mode)

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Plot 8: Velocity plot at 2.5m (Normal Mode)

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Plot 9: Particle animation (Normal Mode)

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Plot 10: Speed plot 0.0 to 0.2 m/s (Normal Mode)

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Plot - 11 for Normal mode: CO plot

Plot shows majority of the area CO PPM level with in permissible limit 35 PPM as per ASHRAE 2007 and 25 PPM NBC 2005 (National Building Code
of India) Standard.

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System Summary for Normal Mode

Parameter

ACPH 6
Jet fan model 40JT-3SP MT-UB
Jet Fan Capacity at low RPM (m3/s) 1.38
Supply Air Fan 6Nos.
No. of Exhaust Air Fans 6Nos. N.exhaust fan
Total Exhaust Qty (CFM) 202000
Total Supply Qty (CFM) 252000
Max. co concentration(ppm) 16
Tot. No. Of jet fans 33

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 Smoke Vent Plots with Jet Fans at High Speed

For Smoke Mode

Plot 1: Isometric View

Plot 2: Velocity plot at 0.5m
Plot 3: Velocity plot at 1.5m
Plot 4: Velocity plot at 2.5 m
Plot 5: CO Concentration Plot
Plot 6: Particle animation Isometric View
Plot 7: Speed Plot 0.0 to 0.2/s
Plot 8: LMA

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 SMOKE MODE CFD PLOT

Section 4: General Ventilation plots for Smoke mode with Jet Fans

Plot 1: Isometric view of the car park with the roof. Exhaust and Supply shaft capacity are mentioned in this plot (Smoke Mode).

Plot – 2 to 4 for Smoke Mode: Air velocity plots at constant heights through the car park

These plots show the velocity of the air at different time through the car park.

The air velocity is generally greater than 0.2m/s for the majority of the car park.

There are some small-localised regions of lower air speed where the air speeds are in the order of 0.025 m/s to 0.1 m/s.

Plot - 05 for Smoke mode: CO plot

Plot shows majority of the area CO PPM level with in permissible limit 35 PPM as per ASHRAE 2007 and 25 PPM NBC 2005 (National Building Code
of India) Standard.
Plot - 06 for Smoke mode: Particle animation

This plot is a particle animation which shows the overall distribution of the airflow from the entrance / exit opening to the extract point.

The animation demonstrates that the airflow is well distributed throughout the car park.

Plot 07 for Smoke Mode: Speed plot 0.0 to 0.2 m/s

This plot shows air speed near ramps entry and exhaust fan area.

Plot 8 for Smoke mode: LMA

LMA: Local Mean Age of Air or Lean Mean Age plot is shown in the case of Smoke Ventilation. It is showing that how much time the fresh air is staying
inside the basement and getting exhausted along with pollution and smoke. In the plot most of the smoke is removed within 5 minutes except few
corners of the buildings wherein it is removed in 5.5 minutes.

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Plot 1: Isometric of the car park. (Smoke Mode).

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Plot 2: Velocity plot at 0.5mt height (Smoke Mode)

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Plot 3: Velocity plot at 1.5mt height (Smoke Mode)

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Plot 4: Velocity plot at 2.5mt height (Smoke Mode)

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Plot 5: CO Concentration (PPM) Plot (Smoke Mode)
Plot shows majority of the area CO PPM level with in permissible limit 35 PPM as per ASHRAE 2007 and 25 PPM NBC 2005 (National Building Code
of India) Standard.

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Plot 6: Particle animation (Smoke Mode)

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Plot 7: Speed plot 0.0 to 0.2 m/s (Smoke Mode)

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Plot 8: LMA Plot (Smoke Mode)

Local Mean Age of Air or Lean Mean Age plot is shown in the case of Smoke Ventilation. The plot shows how much time the fresh air is staying on the particular area inside the
basement.

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System summary for Smoke Mode:
System summary

ACPH 12
Jet fan model 40JT-3SP MT-UB
Jet Fan Capacity at low RPM (m3/s) 2.8
Supply Air Fan 6nos.
No. of Exhaust Air Fans 6Nos. N.Exhaust fan+6Nos. S.Exh. fan
Total Exhaust Qty (CFM) 404000
Total Supply Qty (CFM) 504000
Max. co concentration(ppm) 8
Tot. No. Of jet fans 33

Conclusions

The Jet Thrust Fan position proposed in this report has been carefully thought out to ensure that the inlet airflow reaches as much
of the car park as possible before being extracted. The air that is drawn up to high level by the Jet fans is accelerated towards the
extract point. As the Jets of air develop across the car park the surrounding air is entrained into the Jets creating a well-developed
flow across the full area of the car park.

Consequently, the results of the CFD analysis demonstrate that the scheme provides a good distribution of air throughout the car
park prior to extraction, for both general ventilation scenarios.

All assumptions have been assumed as per the client requirement and industrial standards.

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