Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology Regulation :A-15

(An Autonomous Institution)

Code No: 5C514 Date: 15-Nov-2017 (FN)

B.Tech III-Year I-Semester External Examination, Nov - 2017 (Regular)

ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (ECE)

Time: 3 Hour

Max.Marks:75

Part - A
Max.Marks:25 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1 What is the maximum effective aperture of a microwave antenna with a directivity of 900? [3M]

2 Draw the radiation pattern of an array of two element isotropic point sources of [3M]
i) same amplitude and same phase ii) same amplitude and opposite phase.
3 List range of parameter values of a corner reflector antenna for better efficiency. [3M]

4 Explain how gain of an antenna can be measured with the help of two antenna method. [3M]

5 Distinguish between ground wave, space wave and ionospheric wave. [3M]

6 Define virtual height with reference to ionospheric propagation and explain. [2M]

7 State Principle of pattern Multiplication. [2M]

8 List the applications of loop antenna and give the expression for finding the radiation resistance. [2M]

9 Define critical frequency. List the critical frequencies of different layers. [2M]

10 What are the differences between corner reflector antenna and parabolic antenna? [2M]

Part – B
Max.Marks:50

ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS. EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS.

1 a) How do you distinguish between near field zone and far field zone? From what distance the far [5M]
 field dominates? Explain with the help of a relevant expression.

b) Find the directivity for the following intensity patterns: [5M]

i. Unidirectional cosine pattern U=UmCosθ
ii. Bidirectional cosine pattern U= UmCosθ
iii. Bidirectional sine pattern U= UmSinθ

2 a) Explain the working mechanism and applications of Binomial array with diagrams. Highlight the [5M]
advantages of Binomial array over conventional array. Explain the importance of tapering.

b) Obtain the radiation pattern of 4-isotropic elements fed in phase, spaced λ/2 apart using principle [5M]
of multiplication of patterns.

3 a) Describe the principle and construction of E-plane metal plate lens antenna and mention its [5M]
applications.

b) A parabolic antenna having a circular mouth is to have a power gain of 1000 at λ=10cm. Estimate [5M]
the diameter of the mouth and the HPBW of the antenna.

4 a) Explain the construction and working of symmetrical V-antenna with neat figures. [5M]

b) Enumerate the construction details of Helical Antenna and explain its two modes of operation with [5M]
neat diagrams.

5 a) Derive the equation of line of sight distance. [5M]

b) What will be the height of the receiving antenna, if it is located at 40km from the transmitting [5M]
antenna and height of transmitting antenna is 80m?

6 a) With neat figure explain what is meant by skip distance. Derive the expression for skip distance in [5M]
terms of critical frequency (fc) and maximum usable frequency (fmuf).

b) A high frequency radio link is to be established between two – points at a distance of 2500km on [5M]
earth’s surface. Consider the ionospheric height to be 200km and its critical frequency 5MHz,
calculate the MUF for the given path.

7 a) Find the current required to radiate a power of 100W at 100MHz from a 0.01m Hertzian dipole. [3M]
 b) Compare the far fields of small loop and short dipoles. [3M]

c) Explain the principle of equality of path length applicable to horn antenna. [4M]

8 a) Explain in detail measurement of radiation pattern of an antenna with the help of block diagram. [3M]

b) What is duct propagation? Under what conditions duct will be formed? [3M]

c) Describe the effect of earth’s magnetic field on the ionospheric wave. [4M]

-- 00 -- 00 –
 Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology (An Autonomous Institution)
Regulation : A-14
Code No: 4C511 Date: 15-Nov-2017 (FN)

B.Tech III-Year I-Semester External Examination, Nov - 2017 (Supplementary)

ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (ECE)

Time: 3 Hours

Max.Marks:70

Part - A

Max.Marks:20

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1 What is the maximum effective aperture of a microwave antenna with a directivity of 900? [2M]

2 Draw the radiation pattern of an array of two element isotropic point sources of [2M]
i) same amplitude and same phase ii) same amplitude and opposite phase.
3 List range of parameter values of a corner reflector antenna for better efficiency. [2M]

4 Explain how gain of an antenna can be measured with the help of two antenna method. [2M]

5 Distinguish between ground wave, space wave and ionospheric wave. [2M]

6 Define virtual height with reference to ionospheric propagation and explain. [2M]

7 State Principle of pattern Multiplication. [2M]

8 List the applications of loop antenna and give the expression for finding the radiation resistance. [2M]

9 Define critical frequency. List the critical frequencies of different layers. [2M]

10 What are the differences between corner reflector antenna and parabolic antenna? [2M]
 Part – B Max.Marks:50

ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS. EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS.

1 a) How do you distinguish between near field zone and far field zone? From what distance the far [5M]
field dominates? Explain with the help of a relevant expression.

b) Find the directivity for the following intensity patterns: [5M]

i. Unidirectional cosine pattern U=UmCosθ
ii. Bidirectional cosine pattern U= UmCosθ
iii. Bidirectional sine pattern U= UmSinθ

2 a) Explain the working mechanism and applications of Binomial array with diagrams. Highlight the [5M]
advantages of Binomial array over conventional array. Explain the importance of tapering.

b) Obtain the radiation pattern of 4-isotropic elements fed in phase, spaced λ/2 apart using principle [5M]
of multiplication of patterns.

3 a) Describe the principle and construction of E-plane metal plate lens antenna and mention its [5M]
applications.

b) A parabolic antenna having a circular mouth is to have a power gain of 1000 at λ=10cm. Estimate [5M]
the diameter of the mouth and the HPBW of the antenna.

4 a) Explain the construction and working of symmetrical V-antenna with neat figures. [5M]

b) Enumerate the construction details of Helical Antenna and explain its two modes of operation with [5M]
neat diagrams.

5 a) Derive the equation of line of sight distance. [5M]

b) What will be the height of the receiving antenna, if it is located at 40km from the transmitting [5M]
antenna and height of transmitting antenna is 80m?

6 a) With neat figure explain what is meant by skip distance. Derive the expression for skip distance in [5M]
terms of critical frequency (fc) and maximum usable frequency (fmuf).
 b) A high frequency radio link is to be established between two – points at a distance of 2500km on [5M]
earth’s surface. Consider the ionospheric height to be 200km and its critical frequency 5MHz,
calculate the MUF for the given path.

7 a) Find the current required to radiate a power of 100W at 100MHz from a 0.01m Hertzian dipole. [3M]

b) Compare the far fields of small loop and short dipoles. [3M]

c) Explain the principle of equality of path length applicable to horn antenna. [4M]

8 a) Explain in detail measurement of radiation pattern of an antenna with the help of block diagram. [3M]

b) What is duct propagation? Under what conditions duct will be formed? [3M]

c) Describe the effect of earth’s magnetic field on the ionospheric wave. [4M]

-- 00 -- 00 –

Sreenidhi Institute of Science & Technology

(An Autonomous Institution)
Code No: 3C514
B. TECH. III – Year II – Semester Examinations, May 2015 (Regular)
ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (ECE)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

Note: No additional answer sheets will be provided.
Part - A
Max.Marks:20
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.
1. What is the difference between a plane wave and a spherical wave?
2. A 90% efficient half wave dipole antenna has a power input of 50W. Calculate the
Radiated power.
3. Draw the field pattern on the aperture of a pyramidal horn.
4. How is a folded dipole used in an antenna designed for terrestrial TV receivers?
5. What is an atmospheric duct?
6. What type of polarization is used for ground wave propagation and why?
7. Compare the radiation pattern of an antenna in its transmitting and receiving mode
8. Write a few applications of helical antennas
9. A sky wave is incident on D-layer at an angle of 300 . Find the angle of refraction if the
Frequency of the transmitted wave is 30MHz.
10. Draw the desired radiation pattern of a satellite DTH TV antenna
Part – B
Max.Marks:50
ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS. EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS.
1. a) Explain the following terms:
i. Beam Area
ii. Radiation Intensity
iii. Side Lobe Level
iv. Radiation resistance
v. Field Pattern of antenna.

b) What is Retarded Potential? Explain different approaches to solve radiation problems

2. a) Derive the expression for the field produced by a uniform linear array and obtain the expression for
the beam width of BSA.
b) A uniform linear array consists of 16 isotropic point sources with a spacing of λ/4 if the phase
difference of -900, calculate HPBW, directivity, beam solid angle and effective aperture.
3. a) Explain the working of Dielectric concave and convex lens antennas.

b) Discuss different feed methods of paraboloid reflectors in terms of F/D ratio, Spill over, back lobes?

4. a) Explain the procedure for measurement of radiation pattern.

b) Discuss the precautions to be taken while measuring the radiation pattern of an
antenna. Show that minimum distance required between transmitting and receiving antennas is 2d 2 /λ.

5. a) Explain the significance of flat earth considerations for Tropo spheric wave Propagation.
b) Write explanatory note on Ground wave propagation.

6. a) What is meant by critical frequency and deduce the frequency in terms of fMUF and the virtual
height.
b) Explain the variation of ionization density with altitude and time. How the ionosphere affects the long
distance multiple hop transmission?

7. a) Find the radiation resistance of a λ/8 long radiator with uniform current. Derive the necessary
formula from first principles.
b) Prove that the radiation resistance of a monopole elements is equal to 36.5 ohms.

8. a) Describe the design procedure of rectangular patch antenna with a suitable example.
b) Design a rectangular microstrip antenna using a substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2, h = 0.1588cm
so as to resonate at 10GHZ.
-- 00 -- 00 –
 Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology
Regulation:A12
(An Autonomous Institution)
Code No: 3C514 Date:3-Dec-16(AN)
B. TECH. III-Year II-Semester Examinations, Nov/Dec 2016 (Supplementary)
ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (ECE)
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 70
Note: a) No additional answer sheets will be provided.
b) All sub-parts of a question must be answered at one place only, otherwise it will not be valued.
c) Assume any missing data.
Part - A
Max.Marks:20
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS.
1. Define an antenna and mention it’s any four applications.
2. Sketch the current distribution along a dipole for dipole lengths λ/4, λ/2, 3λ/4.
3. Name and define any one non uniform amplitude distribution array.
4. Mention the function of reflector and director in Yagi-Uda antenna.
5. Explain briefly zoning of lens antenna.
6. State the advantages and limitations of microstrip antennas compared to other VHF/UHF/MW
antennas.
7. Define the term ‘surface wave tilt’.
8. Define ‘virtual height’ of an ionospheric layer.
9. State the principle of pattern multiplication.
10. How is an indoor test range made i) compact and ii) ‘anechoic’?
Part – B
Max.Marks:50
ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS. EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS.
1. a) Explain the terms:
(i) Magnetic vector potential
(ii) Isotropic radiator (v) EIRP
[6M]
b) What is the maximum power received at a distance of 0.5 km over a free-space 1 GHz link consisting
of a transmitting antenna with a 25 dB gain and a receiving antenna with a 20 dB gain? The transmitting
antenna input is 150W. Consider both antennas to be lossless and matched to the receivers for maximum
power transfer.

[4M]
2. a) For a half wave dipole, derive the expressions for the electric and magnetic field components
b) Find the maximum effective aperture of λ/2 dipole antenna operating at 30MHz. How much is the
power received with an incident plane wave of strength 2 mV/m?

3. a) Explain the construction and operation of dielectric lens antenna.

b) Sketch the E-field distribution across the cross section of a rectangular waveguide for TE10 mode of
propagation. Using neat sketches, describe two modified horns explaining how improved performance is
achieved.
4. a) With neat sketches show the structure and dimensions of a rectangular patch antenna. Explain its
principle of operation and sketch approximate radiation pattern. [4M]
b) In a 3-antenna gain measurement, the received powers were measured to be 0.0297 mW, 0.0471 mW
and 0.0374 mW. In all cases the transmitted power = 1W, spacing between antennas = 10 m and
frequency = 980MHz. Find absolute gains of the three antennas.
[6M]
5. a) Explain the differences between
i) standard atmosphere and super/sub standard atmosphere
ii) refractive index and modified refractive index.
b) Two λ/2 dipoles operating in VHF band having effective heights of h1 and h2 are separated by a large
distance. For a sinusoidal rms current Io fed to one of them, derive magnitude of the field produced at the
other.

6. a) Define and explain the following with respect to ionospheric wave propagation
i. Virtual height
ii. Critical frequency
[6M]
b) For a layer height of 250km, find the maximum single-hop distance on the earth for sky wave path.
Assume radius of earth = 6400km.
[4M]
7. a) Two isotropic sources are spaced λ/2 apart and excited with a phase difference of 900. Sketch the
array field pattern.
b) For an ordinary end-fire array with large number of isotropic elements, derive an expression for array
factor and determine the size of first side lobe.

8. a) Derive the conditions required for a helical antenna to operate in the axial mode.
b) Design a Yagi-Uda antenna to receive 1850MHz signals with five directors.