MODULE 1: WHOLE NUMBERS

UNIT 3: SUBTRACTION OF WHOLE NUMBERS

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students must have:
a. Visualized the concept of subtraction through illustrations.
b. Related subtraction with addition.
c. Subtracted one to three-digit numbers; and
d. Solved word problems involving subtraction;

INTRODUCTION:
Subtraction is another operation we need to learn as it is very useful in daily life. Subtraction is the process of taking
away one number from another. For instance, if an older salt water crocodile has a length if 6 meters while the younger
has a length of 4 meters, then what is the difference in their lengths.

To find the difference, we subtract 4 from 6. Let us represent this situation using an Illustration.

Older

Younger
The Illustration shows that the difference between 6 and 4 is 2. It means that 6-4 = 2.
Another way to show this is by using inverse operations of subtraction which is addition. That is 4 + ____ = 6. So what
should be added to 4 to get a sum of 6? This shows that subtraction is like finding the missing addend.
In 6-4=2, 6 is called MINUEND. It is the number being subtracted from. The number 4 is called the SUBTRAHEND or the
number used to subtract. Then, 2 is called DIFFERENCE OR REMAINDER, which is the answer in subtraction.

Subtraction is the inverse operation of addition. It means that 6-4 = 2 may be translated into an addition sentence which
is:
Subtraction Number Sentence Addition Number Sentence
6–4=2 2 + 4 =6
Or 4 + 2 = 6
Subtraction of Two – to – Three- Digit Numbers
Let us learn how to subtract two-digit numbers by solving the following word problems.
Problem 1:
Subtract 25 from 79.
To subtract two-digit numbers, we may use the following steps:
Step 1: Arrange the following numbers so that the digits of the same place value fall on the same column.
TENS ONES
PLACE PLACE
7 9
- 2 5
4
Step 2: Subtract the ones digits.
Since the ones digit of the minuend is 9, which is greater than that of the subtrahend, which is 5, then we can proceed to
subtraction right away.
TENS ONES
PLACE PLACE
7 9
- 2 5
4
Step 3: Subtract the tens digit.
TENS ONES
PLACE PLACE
7 9
- 2 5
5 4

Therefore, 79 -25 = 54 or James had P54 left.

Problem 2:
Subtract 157 from 342
Step 1: Arrange the numbers in columns
Hundreds Tens Ones
Place Place Place
 3 4 2
- 1 5 7

Step 2: Subtract the digits in the ones place. Observe that ones of the minuend is less than 7 ones of the subtrahend. In this case, rename 4 tens of
the minuend as 3 tens and ones, regroup the ones to make 12 ones. Now subtract 7 from 12.
Hundreds Tens Ones
Place Place Place
3 12
3 4 2
- 1 5 7
5
Step 3: Subtract the tens
Since 3 tens of the minuend is again smaller than 5 tens of the subtrahend, then rename 3 hundreds of the minuend as 2 hundreds and 10 tens,
then regroup 10 tens with 3 tens to make 13 tens subtract the tens digits.
Hundreds Tens Ones
Place Place Place
2 13 12
3 4 2
- 1 5 7
1 8 5
Step 4: Subtract the hundreds digits.
Therefore, the difference is 185.

ACTIVITY:
Look for a partner then find the difference between ( Subtract the lowest number from highest number)
Name of partner:____CRIS BOLIVER_____________
1. The amount of your weekly allowance.
Me: 500
Cris Boliver: 500
2. number of siblings.
Me: 2 siblings
Boliver: 2 siblings
3. approximate distance from the house from school (meters).
Me: 28.1 km
Boliver: 19 kilometer
4. amount of time( hour) spent studying per day.
Me: 2 hours
Boliver: 1 hour and 30 minutes.
5. number of pets at home.
Me: 7 pets
Boliver: 1 pet
ANALYSIS:
Find the missing addend by relating addition to subtraction.

1. 8 + _8__= 16 6. _8_ + 9 =17

2. 7 + _5__= 12 7. _6_ + 7 =13
3. 4+ _9_= 13 8. _6_+ 6 = 12
4. 6 + 7_ = 13 9. _7_ + 5 =12
5.5+ _9__= 14 10._7_ + 8 = 15

ABSTRACTION:
Answer the following questions:
1. How do we perform subtraction? Explain Substantially.
-If we are subtracting more than two numbers at a time, we just work our way from the left to the right two numbers
at a time.

2. What is the difference between minuend and subtrahend?

- Minued is a quantity or number from which another is to be subtracted while sutrahend is a quantity or number to
be subtracted from another.

3. What do you call the answer when you subtract numbers?

- The answer of a subtraction problem is called the DIFFERENCE.
APPLICATION:
Solve the following real-world problems.
1. JM harvested 378 mangoes. Mia Joy harvested 86 mangoes less than JM. How many mangoes did Mia Joy harvest?
- Mia Joy harvest 292 magoes.
2. Jessica has 604 beads. 209 beads are red and the rest are blue. How many blue beads does she have?
- There are 395 blue beads Jessica have.

3. There 967 chairs in a hall. During an event, 761 chairs were occupied. How many chairs were not occupied?
- There are 206 chairs were not occupied.

ASSESSMENT:
A. Find the difference
25 59 126 458 625
1. - 1 8 2. - 3 7 3. - 49 4. -273 5. -286
7 22 77 185 339