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The document discusses different types of computer memory including volatile memory like RAM that loses data when power is removed and non-volatile memory like hard drives that retain data without power. It also discusses open source certification criteria and key characteristics of software delivery models including SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.

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Sourov Biswas
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40 views

Anscp

The document discusses different types of computer memory including volatile memory like RAM that loses data when power is removed and non-volatile memory like hard drives that retain data without power. It also discusses open source certification criteria and key characteristics of software delivery models including SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.

Uploaded by

Sourov Biswas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

a/ Volatile Memory:
• Definition: Volatile memory is temporary storage that loses its data when the power is turned off.
• Example: RAM (Random Access Memory) is a common type of volatile memory used in computers. When you shut down or
restart your computer, the data stored in RAM is erased.
Non-Volatile Memory:
• Definition: Non-volatile memory retains its data even when the power is turned off.
• Example: Examples of non-volatile memory include ROM (Read-Only Memory), flash memory, and hard drives. These types
of memory store data persistently and are commonly used for long-term storage.

2.a/

3.a/ The term "OSI Certified" typically refers to products or technologies that have been certified by the Open Source Initiative (OSI).
The OSI is a non-profit organization that promotes and protects open-source software by reviewing and approving licenses that
comply with the Open Source Definition (OSD). To be OSI Certified, a product must meet certain criteria set forth by the OSI. Here
are the key criteria:

1. Open Source License: The product must be distributed under a license that has been approved by the OSI and is compliant
with the Open Source Definition. The Open Source Definition outlines the essential characteristics that a license must have
to be considered open source.
2. Freedom to Redistribute: Users of the software should have the freedom to redistribute both the original and modified
versions of the software. The license must not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software.
3. Access to Source Code: The source code of the software must be made available to users. Users should be able to study,
modify, and improve the source code if they choose to do so.
4. Derivative Works: The license must allow users to create and distribute derivative works based on the original software.
This is essential for encouraging collaboration and innovation within the open-source community.
5. No Discrimination: The license must not discriminate against any person or group, and it must not restrict the use of the
software in any field of endeavor. Everyone should have equal access and opportunity to use, modify, and distribute the
software.
6. No Specific Technology Restriction: The license must not require the use of a specific technology, interface, or platform. It
should be technology-neutral to ensure broad compatibility and interoperability.
7. License Must Not Be Product-Specific: The rights attached to the software must not depend on the software being part of
a particular software distribution. Users should have the freedom to use the software independently of other software.
It's important to note that these criteria are based on the principles of open source as defined by the OSI. Products that meet these
criteria are considered OSI Certified open-source software. The certification helps users and developers identify software that
adheres to the principles of open-source development and collaboration.

4.a/

1. SaaS (Software as a Service):


• Definition: SaaS delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis, eliminating the need for
users to install, maintain, or upgrade software locally.
• Example: Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce.
• Characteristics: End-users access applications through a web browser; the software is centrally hosted and
maintained by the service provider.
2. PaaS (Platform as a Service):
• Definition: PaaS provides a platform that allows users to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing
with the complexities of underlying infrastructure, including hardware and operating systems.
• Example: Heroku, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Service.
• Characteristics: Developers focus on coding and application development, while the platform handles aspects like
scalability, security, and infrastructure management.
3. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):
• Definition: IaaS offers virtualized computing resources over the internet, including virtual machines, storage, and
networking. Users have control over the operating system, applications, and configurations.
• Example: Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines, Google Compute Engine.
• Characteristics: Users have more control over the infrastructure, managing virtualized resources, operating
systems, and applications. It provides flexibility and scalability without the need for physical hardware.

In summary, SaaS delivers software applications, PaaS provides a platform for application development, and IaaS offers virtualized
infrastructure components. The level of abstraction and management responsibility increases from IaaS to PaaS to SaaS, reflecting a
trade-off between control and ease of use.

5.a/

1. Communication Skills:
• Explanation: Clear and effective communication is vital for conveying project goals, expectations, and updates to
team members, stakeholders, and clients.
2. Leadership Skills:
• Explanation: Strong leadership skills involve guiding the team, making decisions, resolving conflicts, and
motivating team members to achieve project objectives.
3. Time Management:
• Explanation: Efficiently managing time ensures that project tasks are completed within deadlines and that the
project stays on schedule.
4. Organizational Skills:
• Explanation: Organizing tasks, resources, and information is essential for keeping the project on track and ensuring
that everything is in order.
5. Problem-Solving Skills:
• Explanation: Project managers encounter various challenges, and the ability to analyze problems and implement
effective solutions is crucial for success.
6. Risk Management:
• Explanation: Identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks helps minimize the impact of unexpected events on the
project's success.
7. Adaptability:
• Explanation: Projects can evolve, and unexpected changes may occur. Being adaptable allows a project manager to
adjust plans and strategies accordingly.
8. Negotiation Skills:
• Explanation: Negotiating with stakeholders, team members, and vendors helps in resolving conflicts, making
compromises, and ensuring the project's success.
9. Budgeting and Financial Management:
• Explanation: Understanding and managing project budgets is crucial for financial success and ensuring resources
are used efficiently.
10. Technical Proficiency:
• Explanation: Depending on the industry, having a basic understanding of the technical aspects related to the
project can enhance communication with the development team and stakeholders.
11. Stakeholder Management:
• Explanation: Building and maintaining positive relationships with project stakeholders ensures their support and
cooperation throughout the project lifecycle.
12. Quality Management:
• Explanation: Ensuring that project deliverables meet quality standards is vital for customer satisfaction and the
overall success of the project.
13. Team Building:
• Explanation: Building a cohesive and motivated team is essential for maximizing productivity and achieving project
goals.
14. Emotional Intelligence:
• Explanation: Understanding and managing one's emotions and being aware of others'
6.a/

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